Enzymes that catalyze the template-directed incorporation of ribonucleotides into an RNA chain. EC 2.7.7.-.


Licania Chrysobalanus Hirtella Chrysobalanaceae

A plant family of the order ROSALES, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida.


Absolute Risk Reduction
Numbers Needed To Treat

The difference in rates of bad outcomes between experimental and control participants in a trial.


An offensive, foul breath odor resulting from a variety of causes such as poor oral hygiene, dental or oral infections, or the ingestion of certain foods.


A plant genus of the family CARYOPHYLLACEAE. The common name of sandwort is used with other plants. Do not confuse with Arenaria bird or with other genera which use arenaria as the species name such as Mya arenaria (softshell clam) or Meloidogyne arenaria, or Ammophila arenaria (marram grass).


The thin serous membrane enveloping the lungs (LUNG) and lining the THORACIC CAVITY. Pleura consist of two layers, the inner visceral pleura lying next to the pulmonary parenchyma and the outer parietal pleura. Between the two layers is the PLEURAL CAVITY which contains a thin film of liquid.


A genus of white-spored mushrooms in the family Tricholomataceae. They form symbiotic partnerships (MYCORRHIZAE) with trees.


Thin capsules enveloping end nerve fibrils in the subcutaneous tissue of fingers.


Professionals skilled at diagnostic testing of hearing, HEARING IMPAIRMENT, and CORRECTION OF HEARING IMPAIRMENT by non-medical or non-surgical means.


Ocular disorders attendant upon non-ocular disease or injury.


Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides

Complex compounds of high molecular weight occurring in living cells. These are basically of two types, ribonucleic (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic (DNA) acids, both of which consist of nucleotides (nucleoside phosphates linked together by phosphate bridges).


Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy
Third Harmonic Generation Microscopy

A microscopic imaging technique that takes advantage of the process of harmonic generation that occurs when photons interact to generate new photons of a different wavelength. In second harmonic generation, two photons of the same wavelength and frequency, such as from a LASER, interact inside a medium and are converted to a photon of twice the frequency and half of the wavelength of the two incident photons. The light signals captured are used to produce images that are dependent on the unique optical properties of the material.


Transference of a tissue or organ from either an alive or deceased donor, within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species.


A noninflammatory, usually bilateral protrusion of the cornea, the apex being displaced downward and nasally. It occurs most commonly in females at about puberty. The cause is unknown but hereditary factors may play a role. The -conus refers to the cone shape of the corneal protrusion. (From Dorland, 27th ed)


A plant species of the family FABACEAE used to study GENETICS because it is DIPLOID, self fertile, has a small genome, and short generation time.


The normal lack of the ability to produce an immunological response to autologous (self) antigens. A breakdown of self tolerance leads to autoimmune diseases. The ability to recognize the difference between self and non-self is the prime function of the immune system.


Dorstenia
Castilla Plant
Brosimum
Cudrania
Streblus
Moraceae

A plant genus. Members contain cudraxanthones.


A slow-growing, scotochromogenic species occurring usually harmlessly in human secretions but occasionally associated with chronic pulmonary disease. (Dorland, 28th ed)


Acidic protein found in SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM that binds calcium to the extent of 700-900 nmoles/mg. It plays the role of sequestering calcium transported to the interior of the intracellular vesicle.


A set of forebrain structures common to all mammals that is defined functionally and anatomically. It is implicated in the higher integration of visceral, olfactory, and somatic information as well as homeostatic responses including fundamental survival behaviors (feeding, mating, emotion). For most authors, it includes the AMYGDALA; EPITHALAMUS; GYRUS CINGULI; hippocampal formation (see HIPPOCAMPUS); HYPOTHALAMUS; PARAHIPPOCAMPAL GYRUS; SEPTAL NUCLEI; anterior nuclear group of thalamus, and portions of the basal ganglia. (Parent, Carpenter's Human Neuroanatomy, 9th ed, p744; NeuroNames, http://rprcsgi.rprc.washington.edu/neuronames/index.html (September 2, 1998)).


Nonparasitic free-living flatworms of the class Turbellaria. The most common genera are Dugesia, formerly Planaria, which lives in water, and Bipalium, which lives on land. Geoplana occurs in South America and California.


Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
Hypogonadism
Hypogonadism, Isolated Hypogonadotropic
Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism

Condition resulting from deficient gonadal functions, such as GAMETOGENESIS and the production of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. It is characterized by delay in GROWTH, germ cell maturation, and development of secondary sex characteristics. Hypogonadism can be due to a deficiency of GONADOTROPINS (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or due to primary gonadal failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism).


A layer of cells lining the fluid-filled cavity (blastocele) of a BLASTULA, usually developed from a fertilized insect, reptilian, or avian egg.


Bleeding into the joints. It may arise from trauma or spontaneously in patients with hemophilia.


The science and technology dealing with the procurement, breeding, care, health, and selection of animals used in biomedical research and testing.


Sets of structured vocabularies used for describing and categorizing genes, and gene products by their molecular function, involvement in biological processes, and cellular location. These vocabularies and their associations to genes and gene products (Gene Ontology annotations) are generated and curated by the Gene Ontology Consortium.


Salmonella typhimurium
Salmonella typhimurium LT2

A serotype of Salmonella enterica that is a frequent agent of Salmonella gastroenteritis in humans. It also causes PARATYPHOID FEVER.


Plastic tubes used for drainage of air or fluid from the pleural space. Their surgical insertion is called tube thoracostomy.


The directional growth of an organism in response to an external stimulus such as light, touch, or gravity. Growth towards the stimulus is a positive tropism; growth away from the stimulus is a negative tropism. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)


Deliberate, often repetitive physical, verbal, and/or other types of abuse by one or more members against others of a household.


Persons as individuals (e.g., ABORTION APPLICANTS) or as members of a group (e.g., HISPANIC AMERICANS). It is not used for members of the various professions (e.g., PHYSICIANS) or occupations (e.g., LIBRARIANS) for which OCCUPATIONAL GROUPS is available.


Excision Repair
Nucleotide Excision Repair
DNA Repair
Base Excision Repair

The reconstruction of a continuous two-stranded DNA molecule without mismatch from a molecule which contained damaged regions. The major repair mechanisms are excision repair, in which defective regions in one strand are excised and resynthesized using the complementary base pairing information in the intact strand; photoreactivation repair, in which the lethal and mutagenic effects of ultraviolet light are eliminated; and post-replication repair, in which the primary lesions are not repaired, but the gaps in one daughter duplex are filled in by incorporation of portions of the other (undamaged) daughter duplex. Excision repair and post-replication repair are sometimes referred to as "dark repair" because they do not require light.


A plant family of the order THEALES, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida, best known for CAMELLIA SINENSIS, which is the source of Oriental TEA.


A genus of GOLDEN-BROWN ALGAE in the family Ochromonadaceae, found mostly in freshwater. They bear two unequal FLAGELLA and are heterotrophic.


Skeletal Maturation Index
Bone Age Measurement
Age Determination by Skeleton
Skeletal Age Measurement

A measure of the developmental stage of bone tissue.


Processes orchestrated or driven by a plethora of genes, plant hormones, and inherent biological timing mechanisms facilitated by secondary molecules, which result in the systematic transformation of plants and plant parts, from one stage of maturity to another.


A specialized form of transanal endoscopic surgery for microscopically controlled operations in the RECTUM.


Incontinence of feces not due to organic defect or illness.


A plant genus of the family CLUSIACEAE. Members contain xanthones and BENZOPHENONES. The common name of Mamey is also used with POUTERIA.


Disorders in which phagocytic cells cannot kill ingested bacteria; characterized by frequent recurring infection with formulation of granulomas.


Works about collections of illustrative plates and charts..


RESEARCH activity focused on pharmaceutical products and services.


A person between 19 and 24 years of age.


A suborder of insects which belong to the order DIPTERA. They include mosca, mosquito, gnats, black flies, true flies and long-horned flies.


A surfactant that renders a surface wettable by water or enhances the spreading of water over the surface.


The expelling of bacteria from the body. Important routes include the respiratory tract, genital tract, and intestinal tract.


Resorption in which cementum or dentin is lost from the root of a tooth owing to cementoclastic or osteoclastic activity in conditions such as trauma of occlusion or neoplasms. (Dorland, 27th ed)


A order of gram-negative bacteria whose members are found in a variety of aquatic habitats as well as animal hosts.


Gill-associated virus
Yellow-head virus
Roniviridae
Okavirus

Species in the genus OKAVIRUS, found in prawns off Australia.


Voluntary or reflex-controlled movements of the eye.


A mercaptocholine used as a reagent for the determination of CHOLINESTERASES. It also serves as a highly selective nerve stain.


Persons officially recognized or acknowledged as pre-eminent for consecration, holiness, and piety, especially through canonization by a branch of the Christian church. (From Webster, 3d ed)


Data elements that are common to multiple data sets across different studies.


Unstable isotopes of thallium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Tl atoms with atomic weights 198-202, 204, and 206-210 are thallium radioisotopes.


A dinoflagellate with a life cycle that includes numerous flagellated, amoeboid, and encysted stages. Both the flagellated and amoeboid forms produce toxins which cause open wounds on fish. Pfiesteria piscicida feeds on tissue sloughed from these wounds, as well as on bacteria and algae. It is found in Atlantic estuaries of the United States.


Methods used to temporarily or permanently block the flow of BODY FLUIDS through various ducts and tubules throughout the body, including BLOOD VESSELS and LYMPHATIC VESSELS such as by THERAPEUTIC EMBOLIZATION or LIGATION.


A medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS and their causes.


Heptaminol Hydrochloride
Heptaminol
Cardiomax

An amino alcohol that has been used as a myocardial stimulant and vasodilator and to relieve bronchospasm. Its most common therapeutic use is in orthostatic hypotension. The mechanism of heptaminol's therapeutic actions is not well understood although it has been suggested to affect catecholamine release or calcium metabolism.


Unstable isotopes of barium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ba atoms with atomic weights 126-129, 131, 133, and 139-143 are radioactive barium isotopes.


Closely congeneric derivatives of the polycyclic naphthacenecarboxamide. (Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1117)


Thermal energy contained in the earth. It can be used directly to supply heat or converted to mechanical or electrical energy. (from McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)


A medical specialty focused on the diagnosis and treatment of ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR disorders, including SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS and IMPULSE CONTROL DISORDERS; and the management of co-occurring medical and psychiatric conditions


Sterile collagen strands obtained from healthy mammals. They are used as absorbable surgical ligatures and are frequently impregnated with chromium or silver for increased strength. They tend to cause tissue reaction.


A species of ciliate protozoa used extensively in genetic research.


A plant genus in the CHENOPODIACEAE family.


A family of gram-negative nitrifying bacteria, in the order Nitrosomonadales, class BETAPROTEOBACTERIA.


The type species of TOBAMOVIRUS which causes mosaic disease of tobacco. Transmission occurs by mechanical inoculation.


Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents
Calcium-Regulating Hormones

Hormones and molecules with calcium-regulating hormone-like actions that modulate OSTEOLYSIS and other extra-skeletal activities to maintain calcium homeostasis.


A quantitative measure of the frequency on average with which articles in a journal have been cited in a given period of time.


Compounds containing the vinyl (-C=CH2) functional group.


Organic compounds containing a carbonyl group =C=O bonded to two hydrocarbon groups.


The bone that forms the frontal aspect of the skull. Its flat part forms the forehead, articulating inferiorly with the NASAL BONE and the CHEEK BONE on each side of the face.


Psychiatric Aides
Psychiatric Ward Attendants
Psychiatric Hospital Orderlies

Persons who assist in the routine care of psychiatric persons, usually under the supervision of the nursing department.


An order of fungi in the phylum ASCOMYCOTA characterized by stromatic perithecial forms in most species. Notable genera are Magnaporthe and Glomerella, the latter having the anamorph (mitosporic form) COLLETOTRICHUM.


Symbiosis Islets
Anchored Genomic Islands
Symbiosis Islands
Genomic Islands
Pathogenicity Islets
Genomic Islets
Pathogenicity Islands

Distinct units in some bacterial, bacteriophage or plasmid GENOMES that are types of MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS. Encoded in them are a variety of fitness conferring genes, such as VIRULENCE FACTORS (in "pathogenicity islands or islets"), ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE genes, or genes required for SYMBIOSIS (in "symbiosis islands or islets"). They range in size from 10 - 500 kilobases, and their GC CONTENT and CODON usage differ from the rest of the genome. They typically contain an INTEGRASE gene, although in some cases this gene has been deleted resulting in "anchored genomic islands".


A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.


A plant genus of the family GENTIANACEAE that is used medicinally in India. Its common name of shankhpushpi is also used for EVOLVULUS alsinoides.


The external, nonvascular layer of the skin. It is made up, from within outward, of five layers of EPITHELIUM: (1) basal layer (stratum basale epidermidis); (2) spinous layer (stratum spinosum epidermidis); (3) granular layer (stratum granulosum epidermidis); (4) clear layer (stratum lucidum epidermidis); and (5) horny layer (stratum corneum epidermidis).


Increase in the temperature of the atmosphere near the Earth's surface and in the troposphere, which can contribute to changes in global climate patterns.


A group of abnormal hemoglobins in which amino acid substitutions take place in either the alpha or beta chains but near the heme iron. This results in facilitated oxidation of the hemoglobin to yield excess methemoglobin which leads to cyanosis.


Used for excision of the urinary bladder.


Syringes
Syringe, Karman
Hypodermic Syringes

Instruments used for injecting or withdrawing fluids. (Stedman, 25th ed)


Lawsonia Bacteria
Lawsonia intracellularis

A genus of gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacteria causing a proliferative enteritis in animals, especially pigs, deer, horses, and rabbits.


The occupational discipline of the traditional Chinese methods of ACUPUNCTURE THERAPY for treating disease by inserting needles along specific pathways or meridians.


The joining of objects by means of a cement (e.g., in fracture fixation, such as in hip arthroplasty for joining of the acetabular component to the femoral component). In dentistry, it is used for the process of attaching parts of a tooth or restorative material to a natural tooth or for the attaching of orthodontic bands to teeth by means of an adhesive.


A photoelectric method of recording an X-ray image on a coated metal plate, using low-energy photon beams, long exposure time and dry chemical developers.


A condition characterized by the presence of abnormal quantities of CRYOGLOBULINS in the blood. Upon cold exposure, these abnormal proteins precipitate into the microvasculature leading to restricted blood flow in the exposed areas.


Material coughed up from the lungs and expectorated via the mouth. It contains MUCUS, cellular debris, and microorganisms. It may also contain blood or pus.


Services provided by ATTORNEYS and paralegal staff.


A genus of fleshy shelf basidiomycetous fungi, family Schizophyllaceae, order POLYPORALES, growing on woody substrata. It is pathogenic in humans.


Systematic, scientific collection and analysis of laws of public health significance.


Stable yttrium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element yttrium, but differ in atomic weight. Y-89 is the only naturally occurring stable isotope of yttrium.


Surgical insertion of BLOOD VESSEL PROSTHESES, or transplanted BLOOD VESSELS, or other biological material to repair injured or diseased blood vessels.


Carcinogenic nitrosamine that may be formed from preservatives in meats during their preparation or in the liver during metabolism.


Peptide hormones secreted into the blood by cells in the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS of the pancreas. The alpha cells secrete glucagon; the beta cells secrete insulin; the delta cells secrete somatostatin; and the PP cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide.


Infection of the KIDNEY with species of MYCOBACTERIUM.


The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.


Play
Puppets
Playthings
Toys
Play and Playthings

Spontaneous or voluntary recreational activities pursued for enjoyment and accessories or equipment used in the activities; includes games, toys, etc.


Surgical removal of the vermiform appendix. (Dorland, 28th ed)


Formation of an artificial opening in a fallopian tube.


Midazolam Maleate
Midazolam
Ro 21-3981
Midazolam Hydrochloride
Dormicum
Versed

A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.


Methods and procedures for recording EYE MOVEMENTS.


The process of germ cell development in the female from the primordial germ cells through OOGONIA to the mature haploid ova (OVUM).


Septic Sacroiliitis
Pyogenic Sacroiliitis
Sacroiliitis

Inflammation of the SACROILIAC JOINT. It is characterized by lower back pain, especially upon walking, fever, UVEITIS; PSORIASIS; and decreased range of motion. Many factors are associated with and cause sacroiliitis including infection; injury to spine, lower back, and pelvis; DEGENERATIVE ARTHRITIS; and pregnancy.


Focal accumulations of EDEMA fluid in the NASAL MUCOSA accompanied by HYPERPLASIA of the associated submucosal connective tissue. Polyps may be NEOPLASMS, foci of INFLAMMATION, degenerative lesions, or malformations.


Large regions of the GENOME that contain local similarities in BASE COMPOSITION.


Vesicles formed when cell-membrane coated pits (COATED PITS, CELL-MEMBRANE) invaginate and pinch off. The outer surface of these vesicles are covered with a lattice-like network of coat proteins, such as CLATHRIN, coat protein complex proteins, or CAVEOLINS.


A species of ORBIVIRUS that causes disease in horses, mules, and donkeys. Via its principal vector CULICOIDES, it can also infect dogs, elephants, camels, cattle, sheep, goats, and, in special circumstances, humans.


A genus of flowering plants in the ASTERACEAE family. It is found in MEXICO; CENTRAL AMERICA; and SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES.


The field that studies interactions between individuals and the built and natural environment. It includes investigating behaviors that inhibit or foster sustainable, climate-healthy, and nature-enhancing choices.


A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus XANTHOMONAS, which causes citrus cankers and black rot in plants.


A condition characterized by multiple formations of myofibromas (LEIOMYOMA).


A hindrance to the passage of fluids through a CATHETER.


Meat such as beef, goat, pork, or lamb which contains more MYOGLOBIN than POULTRY or SEAFOOD.


Days commemorating events. Holidays also include vacation periods.


A genus of parasitic protozoans found in the digestive tract of invertebrates, especially insects. Organisms of this genus have an amastigote and choanomastigote stage in their life cycle.


Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)


The phenomenon of immense variability characteristic of ANTIBODIES. It enables the IMMUNE SYSTEM to react specifically against the essentially unlimited kinds of ANTIGENS it encounters. Antibody diversity is accounted for by three main theories: (1) the Germ Line Theory, which holds that each antibody-producing cell has genes coding for all possible antibody specificities, but expresses only the one stimulated by antigen; (2) the Somatic Mutation Theory, which holds that antibody-producing cells contain only a few genes, which produce antibody diversity by mutation; and (3) the Gene Rearrangement Theory, which holds that antibody diversity is generated by the rearrangement of IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION gene segments during the differentiation of the ANTIBODY-PRODUCING CELLS.


Disorders in the processing of iron in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization. (From Mosby's Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary, 4th ed)


Inferior and external epigastric arteries arise from external iliac; superficial from femoral; superior from internal thoracic. They supply the abdominal muscles, diaphragm, iliac region, and groin. The inferior epigastric artery is used in coronary artery bypass grafting and myocardial revascularization.


The mechanisms of eukaryotic CELLS that place or keep the CHROMOSOMES in a particular SUBNUCLEAR SPACE.


Assisted reproductive techniques where eggs, sperm, both eggs and sperm (double donation), or embryos from donors are used.


A genus of small mushrooms in the family Strophariaceae. Some species are known for their hallucinogenic properties.


A benign neoplasm of muscle (usually smooth muscle) with glandular elements. It occurs most frequently in the uterus and uterine ligaments. (Stedman, 25th ed)


Genus in the family OXALOBACTERACEAE, comprised of a single species OXALOBACTER FORMIGENES.


Two or more distinct types of malignant lymphoid tumors occurring within a single organ or tissue at the same time. It may contain different types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells or both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells.


Tendency of fluids (e.g., water) to move from the less concentrated to the more concentrated side of a semipermeable membrane.


The total amount of a chemical, metal or radioactive substance present at any time after absorption in the body of man or animal.


Tailored macromolecules harboring covalently-bound biologically active modules that target specific tissues and cells. The active modules or functional groups can include drugs, prodrugs, antibodies, and oligonucleotides, which can act synergistically and be multitargeting.


That branch of learning which brings together theories and studies on communication and control in living organisms and machines.


That part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT or the air within the respiratory tract that does not exchange OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE with pulmonary capillary blood.


The act or practice of scrutinizing the practice of scientific research for the purpose of preventing or suppressing the unethical applications as well knowledge derived from it.


The science and application of techniques for the extraction of raw materials, provision of services, manufacture of goods, cultivation of crops, and raising of livestock.


Those persons skilled in anatomy or dissection.


A disease caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1) and characterized by polyneuritis, cardiac pathology, and edema. The epidemic form is found primarily in areas in which white (polished) rice is the staple food, as in Japan, China, the Philippines, India, and other countries of southeast Asia. (Dorland, 27th ed)


Perineurium
Epineurium
Peripheral Nerves
Endoneurium

The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. The connective tissue layers include, from the outside to the inside, the epineurium, the perineurium, and the endoneurium.


The three possible sequences of CODONS by which GENETIC TRANSLATION may occur from one nucleotide sequence. A segment of mRNA 5'AUCCGA3' could be translated as 5'AUC.. or 5'UCC.. or 5'CCG.., depending on the location of the START CODON.


Applies to movements of the forearm in turning the palm forward or upward. When referring to the foot, a combination of adduction and inversion movements of the foot.


Conditions in which there is a generalized increase in the iron stores of body tissues, particularly of liver and the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM, without demonstrable tissue damage. The name refers to the presence of stainable iron in the tissue in the form of hemosiderin.


The second longest bone of the skeleton. It is located on the medial side of the lower leg, articulating with the FIBULA laterally, the TALUS distally, and the FEMUR proximally.


Passing off as one's own the work of another without credit.


A slightly movable cartilaginous joint which occurs between the pubic bones.


A family of gram-negative bacteria in the order Legionellales. It includes genera COXIELLA and Rickettsiella.


Child Restraint Systems
Child Safety Seats

Devices used to protect and restrain infant and child automotive passengers.


Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.


Blood proteins whose activities affect or play a role in the functioning of the immune system.


Precursors in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes from arachidonic acid. They are physiologically active compounds, having effect on vascular and airway smooth muscles, platelet aggregation, etc.


The only family of the buckwheat order (Polygonales) of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It has 40 genera of herbs, shrubs, and trees.


Corporate Practice
Professional Corporations

Legally authorized corporations owned and managed by one or more professionals (medical, dental, legal) in which the income is ascribed primarily to the professional activities of the owners or stockholders.


Diverse and ecologically specialized dicotyledonous flowering plants that include trees, annuals, shrubs, lianas, mangroves, stem or leaf succulents, and insectivores; acting as important food sources in many cases.


A manifestation of severe ROSACEA resulting in significant enlargement of the NOSE and occurring primarily in men. It is caused by hypertrophy of the SEBACEOUS GLANDS and surrounding CONNECTIVE TISSUE. The nose is reddened and marked with TELANGIECTASIS.


A species of Butyrivibrio that occurs primarily in the RUMEN where it has important activities in LIPID METABOLISM and the production of BUTYRATES.


Greatly exaggerated width of the mouth, resulting from failure of union of the maxillary and mandibular processes, with extension of the oral orifice toward the ear. The defect may be unilateral or bilateral. (Dorland, 27th ed)


Vaccines or candidate vaccines derived from edible plants. Transgenic plants (PLANTS, TRANSGENIC) are used as recombinant protein production systems and the edible plant tissue functions as an oral vaccine.


A genus of minute bacteria in the family ACHOLEPLASMATACEAE that inhabit phloem sieve elements of infected PLANTS and cause symptoms such as yellowing, phyllody, and witches' brooms. Organisms lack a CELL WALL and thus are similar to MYCOPLASMA in animals. They are transmitted by over 100 species of INSECTS especially leafhoppers, planthoppers, and PSYLLIDS.


The discharge of an OVUM from a rupturing follicle in the OVARY.


The behavior patterns associated with or characteristic of a father.


A pathologic change in leukemia in which leukemic cells permeate various organs at any stage of the disease. All types of leukemia show various degrees of infiltration, depending upon the type of leukemia. The degree of infiltration may vary from site to site. The liver and spleen are common sites of infiltration, the greatest appearing in myelocytic leukemia, but infiltration is seen also in the granulocytic and lymphocytic types. The kidney is also a common site and of the gastrointestinal system, the stomach and ileum are commonly involved. In lymphocytic leukemia the skin is often infiltrated. The central nervous system too is a common site.


Fishes that produce FISH VENOMS, as well as members of the TETRAODONTIFORMES order, which produce TETRODOTOXIN.


Muscle Strength
Arthrogenic Muscle Inhibition

The amount of force generated by MUSCLE CONTRACTION. Muscle strength can be measured during isometric, isotonic, or isokinetic contraction, either manually or using a device such as a MUSCLE STRENGTH DYNAMOMETER.


A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The common name of indigo also refers to Baptisia or Amorpha genera (FABACEAE).


A genus of mollusks in the family ARCIDAE, class BIVALVIA. It is used in the study of HEMOGLOBINS.


Compounds that inhibit H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE. They are used as ANTI-ULCER AGENTS and sometimes in place of HISTAMINE H2 ANTAGONISTS for GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX.


A cyclic peptide consisting of three residues of delta-N-hydroxy-delta-N-acetylornithine. It acts as an iron transport agent in Ustilago sphaerogena.


Condensed areas of cellular material that may be bounded by a membrane.


The sole genus in the family Nautilidae, order Nautilida, comprised of CEPHALOPODS with spiral external shells that are separated into chambers.


Sympathetic Nerve Block
Autonomic Nerve Block

Interruption of sympathetic pathways, by local injection of an anesthetic agent, at any of four levels: peripheral nerve block, sympathetic ganglion block, extradural block, and subarachnoid block.


The study of the effects of drugs on mental and behavioral activity.


Thermococci Archaeoglobi Methanobacteria Euryarchaeota Methanopyri Thermoplasmata Methanoococci Halobacteria

A phylum of ARCHAEA comprising at least seven classes: Methanobacteria, Methanococci, Halobacteria (extreme halophiles), Archaeoglobi (sulfate-reducing species), Methanopyri, and the thermophiles: Thermoplasmata, and Thermococci.


A condition characterized by the complete absence of SEMEN. This disorder should be differentiated from AZOOSPERMIA, absence of sperm in the semen.


A locally aggressive, osteolytic neoplasm of the long bones, probably of epithelial origin and most often involving the TIBIA.


A form-genus of unicellular CYANOBACTERIA in the order Chroococcales. None of the strains fix NITROGEN, there are no gas vacuoles, and sheath layers are never produced.


Membranous appendage of fish and other aquatic organisms used for locomotion or balance.


Unstable isotopes of chromium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Cr atoms with atomic weights of 46-49, 51, 55, and 56 are radioactive chromium isotopes.


A pathological condition that removes acid or adds base to the body fluids.


a genus of Old World monkeys of the family CERCOPITHECINAE that inhabit the forests and savannas of Africa. It contains only one species, ERYTHROCEBUS PATAS, also known as the patas monkey or red monkey.


Antelepsin
Ro 5-4023
Rivotril
Clonazepam

An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.


A plant genus of the family VALERIANACEAE. Nardostachysin, nardostachin, nardosinone, valeranone, and patchoulene have been found in this genus. Nardostachys jatamansi is classified by some as Valeriana jatamansi.


The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.


A plant genus of the family RUBIACEAE. Members contain uncarine and other cytotoxic and hypotensive oxindole alkaloids.


A preparation of chicle, sometimes mixed with other plastic substances, sweetened and flavored. It is masticated usually for pleasure as a candy substitute but it sometimes acts as a vehicle for the administration of medication.


A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria in the family PHYLLOBACTERIACEAE. They are able to invade root-hairs of a wide range of plants, inciting the production of PLANT ROOT NODULES.


The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.


Structures in fishes homologous to the cortical tissue of the mammalian adrenal gland; they are in close proximity to or imbedded in the kidney.


A pathological narrowing of the TRACHEA.


Artificial organs that are composites of biomaterials and cells. The biomaterial can act as a membrane (container) as in BIOARTIFICIAL LIVER or a scaffold as in bioartificial skin.


A reduced GENETIC VARIATION and GENETIC FITNESS due to INBREEDING.


A space in which the pressure is far below atmospheric pressure so that the remaining gases do not affect processes being carried on in the space.


A mitosporic fungal genus commonly found in soil. It includes both saprophytes and animal pathogens. Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and related species may convert ARSENIC to volatile and toxic arsine. ONYCHOMYCOSIS and rarely BRAIN ABSCESS; MYCETOMA, and disseminated infections mainly in the IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOSTS are associated with Scopulariopsis.


Ureteral Catheters
Urinary Catheters
Urethral Catheters

Catheters inserted into the URETER from the KIDNEY to the URINARY BLADDER or through the URETHRA and BLADDER to the kidney.


Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt. A highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Information, 4th ed)


The technique that deals with the measurement of the size, weight, and proportions of the human or other primate body.


The double-layered skin fold that covers the GLANS PENIS, the head of the penis.


Nitrosylated derivatives of guanidine. They are used as MUTAGENS in MOLECULAR BIOLOGY research.


A class of invertebrate freshwater roundworms of the phylum NEMATODA. Most members are parasites with well-adapted body surfaces and sophisticated esophageal glands and pharynx.


The generic name for the group of aliphatic hydrocarbons Cn-H2n+2. They are denoted by the suffix -ane. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)


Physicians who assess changes in cellular or tissue structure and function to diagnose disease processes.


Endothelial Cells
Vascular Endothelial Cells
Capillary Endothelial Cells
Lymphatic Endothelial Cells

Highly specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that line the HEART; BLOOD VESSELS; and lymph vessels, forming the ENDOTHELIUM. They are polygonal in shape and joined together by TIGHT JUNCTIONS. The tight junctions allow for variable permeability to specific macromolecules that are transported across the endothelial layer.


Technique combining controlled eruptive TOOTH MOVEMENT TECHNIQUES and incision of the supracrestal gingival attachment to allow for proper restoration of a destroyed or damaged crown of a tooth. Controlled eruption of the tooth is obtained using ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES. During this eruptive phase, repeated incisions are made at the junctional epithelium of the sulcus and the supracrestal connective tissue to prevent coronal displacement of the gingiva and of the attachment apparatus.


A plant family of the order Commelinales, subclass Commelinidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons) that are often somewhat succulent. The leaves are alternate, simple, parallel-veined, and usually with a closed sheathing base. The flowers are often in cymes and have 3 petals and 3 sepals.


The status of health in suburban populations.


Congenital displacement of the lens resulting from defective zonule formation.


A plant genus of the family LAURACEAE. Members contain cryptofolione, caryachine, grandisin and other compounds. Some PEUMUS species have been reclassified as CRYPTOCARYA.


Voluntary acceptance of a child of other parents to be as one's own child, usually with legal confirmation.


C(23)-steroids with methyl groups at C-10 and C-13 and a five-membered lactone at C-17. They are aglycone constituents of CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES and must have at least one double bond in the molecule. The class includes cardadienolides and cardatrienolides. Members include DIGITOXIN and DIGOXIN and their derivatives and the STROPHANTHINS.


Complete blockage of blood flow through one of the CORONARY ARTERIES, usually from CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS.


Involuntary loss of URINE, such as leaking of urine. It is a symptom of various underlying pathological processes. Major types of incontinence include URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE and URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE.


The gaseous envelope surrounding a planet or similar body. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)


Abnormal structures located chiefly in distal dendrites and, along with NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES and SENILE PLAQUES, constitute the three morphological hallmarks of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. Neuropil threads are made up of straight and paired helical filaments which consist of abnormally phosphorylated microtubule-associated tau proteins. It has been suggested that the threads have a major role in the cognitive impairment seen in Alzheimer disease.


Organic compounds that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.


The individual's objective evaluation of the external world and the ability to differentiate adequately between it and the internal world; considered to be a primary ego function.


Part of the back and base of the CRANIUM that encloses the FORAMEN MAGNUM.


From the same plant as P. nigrum. Sometimes called Piper album.


Disorders in the processing of phosphorus in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.


Simple sweat glands that secrete sweat directly onto the SKIN.


A genus of gram-negative bacteria isolated from individuals in LONG-TERM CARE facilities and HOSPITALS.


Techniques or methods of patient care used by nurses as primary careproviders.


A genus of parasitic nematodes that occurs in mammals including man. Infection in humans is either by larvae penetrating the skin or by ingestion of uncooked fish.


A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3.


Epidemics of infectious disease that have spread to many countries, often more than one continent, and usually affecting a large number of people.


Hydrazines substituted with two methyl groups in any position.


Nonsusceptibility of bacteria to the action of VANCOMYCIN, an inhibitor of cell wall synthesis.


Antifoaming Agents
Antiflatulents
Foam Retardants
Defoaming Agents

Agents used to prevent the formation of foam or to treat flatulence or bloat.


A non-invasive assessment of the stability of tissue-embedded prosthetic devices such as dental implants.


The phase of orthodontics concerned with the correction of malocclusion with proper appliances and prevention of its sequelae (Jablonski's Illus. Dictionary of Dentistry).


Eskimos Inuits Aleuts Inupiats Kalaallits

Members of the INUIT ethnic group geographically-associated with northern ALASKA.


Temporary visual deficit or impaired visual processing occurring in a rapid serial visual presentation task. After a person identifies the first of two visual targets, the ability to detect the second target is impaired for the next few hundred milliseconds. This phenomenon is called attentional blink.


A group of enzymes that catalyzes the conversion of ATP and D-glucose to ADP and D-glucose 6-phosphate. They are found in invertebrates and microorganisms, and are highly specific for glucose. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.1.2.


Self-centered preoccupation or concern regarding one's own needs, abilities, wishes, desires, or preferences.


An abnormal structural condition of the human body, usually macroscopic, that is common to a variety of different diseases.


Hindrance of the passage of luminal contents in the DUODENUM. Duodenal obstruction can be partial or complete, and caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. Simple obstruction is associated with diminished or stopped flow of luminal contents. Strangulating obstruction is associated with impaired blood flow to the duodenum in addition to obstructed flow of luminal contents.


An activity in which the body is propelled by moving the legs rapidly. Running is performed at a moderate to rapid pace and should be differentiated from JOGGING, which is performed at a much slower pace.


Physiological mechanisms that sustain the state of PREGNANCY.


Enzymes that activate one or more COMPLEMENT PROTEINS in the complement system leading to the formation of the COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX, an important response in host defense. They are enzymes in the various COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION pathways.


UDP Reductase
Ribonucleoside Diphosphate Reductase

An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the formation of 2'-deoxyribonucleotides from the corresponding ribonucleotides using NADPH as the ultimate electron donor. The deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates are used in DNA synthesis. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 1.17.4.1.


The inactive form of GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE that is converted to the active form PHOSPHORYLASE A via phosphorylation by PHOSPHORYLASE KINASE and ATP.


A species of Streptococcus that occurs in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT of birds, mammals and healthy humans.


A plant family of the order Sapindales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida.


A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria in the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE. It is found in FOOD; SOIL; and SEWAGE; and is an opportunistic pathogen of humans.


The theory that infectious agents, symbiotic microorganisms, and parasites are normal stimulants for the maturation of the immune system toward a balanced immune response. The theory predicts that lack of such stimulation leads to allergies and AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.


The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye consisting of five layers: stratified squamous CORNEAL EPITHELIUM; BOWMAN MEMBRANE; CORNEAL STROMA; DESCEMET MEMBRANE; and mesenchymal CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM. It serves as the first refracting medium of the eye. It is structurally continuous with the SCLERA, avascular, receiving its nourishment by permeation through spaces between the lamellae, and is innervated by the ophthalmic division of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE via the ciliary nerves and those of the surrounding conjunctiva which together form plexuses. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)


Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.


Chondroitin-4-Sulfate Depolymerase
Chondroitinases and Chondroitin Lyases
Chondroitinases

Enzymes which catalyze the elimination of glucuronate residues from chondroitin A,B, and C or which catalyze the hydrolysis of sulfate groups of the 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose 6-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate. EC 4.2.2.-.


Organized collection of symbols and symbol-manipulating processes used to operate on such symbols.


A clinical syndrome characterized by development, usually in infancy or childhood, of a chronic, often widespread candidiasis of skin, nails, and mucous membranes. It may be secondary to one of the immunodeficiency syndromes, inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, or associated with defects in cell-mediated immunity, endocrine disorders, dental stomatitis, or malignancy.


PMS-Levobunolol
Apo-Levobunolol
Betagan
Vistagan
Levobunolol
Levobunolol Hydrochloride
W-7000A
ratio-Levobunolol
AKBeta
Ultracortenol
Novo-Levobunolol


An operation for retinal detachment which reduces the size of the globe by indenting the sclera so that it approximates the retina.


Hormones produced by the placenta include CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN, and PLACENTAL LACTOGEN as well as steroids (ESTROGENS; PROGESTERONE), and neuropeptide hormones similar to those found in the hypothalamus (HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES).


An excessive number of individuals, human or animal, in relation to available space.


An order of freshwater algae possessing unbranched filaments. Sexual reproduction takes place via conjugation.


Derivatives of SUCCINIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a 1,4-carboxy terminated aliphatic structure.


Pyrido-CARBAZOLES originally discovered in the bark of OCHROSIA ELLIPTICA. They inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis and have immunosuppressive properties.


A genus of gram-negative, sheathed, rod-shaped bacteria in the family COMAMONADACEAE. They are closely related to LEPTOTHRIX.


Plastic surgery of the eyelid. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)


Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.


Streptococcus zooepidemicus
Streptococcus equi

A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria isolated from abscesses in submaxillary glands and mucopurulent discharges of the upper respiratory tract of horses. This organism belongs to Group C streptococci with regards to antigen response and is known to cause strangles. The subspecies S. zooepidemicus is also considered a pathogen of horses.


An illusion of vision usually affecting spatial relations.


The FERTILIZATION of an OVUM that takes place when a FETUS is already present in the UTERUS. Superfetation results in an unusual PREGNANCY with fetuses of different ages and sizes developing in utero simultaneously.


A subclass of GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS containing large polar heads made up of several sugar units. One or more of their terminal sugar units are bound to a negatively charged molecule at pH 7. Members of this class include: GANGLIOSIDES, uronoglycosphingolipids, SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS, phosphoglycosphingolipids, and phosphonoglycosphingolipids.


A genus of achlorophyllic algae in the family Chlorellaceae, and closely related to CHLORELLA. It is found in decayed matter; WATER; SEWAGE; and SOIL; and produces cutaneous and disseminated infections in various VERTEBRATES including humans.


The first digit on the radial side of the hand which in humans lies opposite the other four.


Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.


Applies to movements of the forearm in turning the palm backward or downward. When referring to the foot, a combination of eversion and abduction movements in the tarsal and metatarsal joints (turning the foot up and in toward the midline of the body).


Straight-chain CARBOXYLIC ACIDS with the general formula C5H10O2.


A hemoflagellate parasite affecting domestic and wild animals, as well as humans and invertebrates. Though it induces an immune response, it is non-pathogenic in humans and other vertebrates. It is cross-reactive with TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI and can thus cause false positives for CHAGAS DISEASE.


Causation
Predisposing Factors
Enabling Factors
Multiple Causation
Causality
Multifactorial Causality
Reinforcing Factors

The relating of causes to the effects they produce. Causes are termed necessary when they must always precede an effect and sufficient when they initiate or produce an effect. Any of several factors may be associated with the potential disease causation or outcome, including predisposing factors, enabling factors, precipitating factors, reinforcing factors, and risk factors.


Geographic variety, population, or race, within a species, that is genetically adapted to a particular habitat. An ecotype typically exhibits phenotypic differences but is capable of interbreeding with other ecotypes.


Clinical Decision Rules
Clinical Prediction Rule

Use of a combination of multiple tests, both with positive and negative results, to arrive at a course of action.


The reproductive elements of lower organisms, such as BACTERIA; FUNGI; and cryptogamic plants.


A plant genus of the family ASCLEPIADACEAE. Members contain steroidal glycosides and cytotoxic phenanthroindolizidine N-oxide alkaloids.


A protein with a molecular weight of 40,000 isolated from bacterial flagella. At appropriate pH and salt concentration, three flagellin monomers can spontaneously reaggregate to form structures which appear identical to intact flagella.


Intervention that uses a thin filiform needle to penetrate the skin and stimulate underlying myofascial trigger points, muscular, and connective tissues for the management of neuromusculoskeletal pain and movement impairments.


Reduction in caloric intake without reduction in adequate nutrition. In experimental animals, caloric restriction has been shown to extend lifespan and enhance other physiological variables.


Set of cell bodies and nerve fibers conducting impulses from the eyes to the cerebral cortex. It includes the RETINA; OPTIC NERVE; optic tract; and geniculocalcarine tract.


Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.


The cause of TETANUS in humans and domestic animals. It is a common inhabitant of human and horse intestines as well as soil. Two components make up its potent exotoxin activity, a neurotoxin and a hemolytic toxin.


A hypermetabolic syndrome caused by excess THYROID HORMONES which may come from endogenous or exogenous sources. The endogenous source of hormone may be thyroid HYPERPLASIA; THYROID NEOPLASMS; or hormone-producing extrathyroidal tissue. Thyrotoxicosis is characterized by NERVOUSNESS; TACHYCARDIA; FATIGUE; WEIGHT LOSS; heat intolerance; and excessive SWEATING.


A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, small, rod-shaped bacteria occurring in fresh water.


A partial adrenergic agonist with functional beta 1-receptor specificity and inotropic effect. It is effective in the treatment of acute CARDIAC FAILURE, postmyocardial infarction low-output syndrome, SHOCK, and reducing ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION in the SHY-RAGER SYNDROME.


An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with prevention or mitigation of a health-related condition considered important to prevent.


The study of the electrical activity and characteristics of the HEART; MYOCARDIUM; and CARDIOMYOCYTES.


The susceptibility of CAPILLARIES, under conditions of increased stress, to leakage.


Endoscopes for examining the interior of the duodenum.


Procedures carried out with regard to the teeth or tooth structures preparatory to specified dental therapeutic and surgical measures.


Spinal Fusion
Spondylodesis
Spondylosyndesis

Operative immobilization or ankylosis of two or more vertebrae by fusion of the vertebral bodies with a short bone graft or often with diskectomy or laminectomy. (From Blauvelt & Nelson, A Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology, 5th ed, p236; Dorland, 28th ed)


Malignant neoplasms arising in the neuroectoderm, the portion of the ectoderm of the early embryo that gives rise to the central and peripheral nervous systems, including some glial cells.


A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.


Antibiotic produced by Streptomyces pactum used as an antineoplastic agent. It is also used as a tool in biochemistry because it inhibits certain steps in protein synthesis.


Hypoxis rooperi is the source of rooperol.


Bereavement Care
Hospice Programs
Hospice Care

Specialized health care, supportive in nature, provided to a dying person. A holistic approach is often taken, providing patients and their families with legal, financial, emotional, or spiritual counseling in addition to meeting patients' immediate physical needs. Care may be provided in the home, in the hospital, in specialized facilities (HOSPICES), or in specially designated areas of long-term care facilities. The concept also includes bereavement care for the family. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)


A species of European freshwater LEECHES used for BLOODLETTING in ancient times and also for LEECHING in modern times.


The thin noncellular outer covering of the CRYSTALLINE LENS composed mainly of COLLAGEN TYPE IV and GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS. It is secreted by the embryonic anterior and posterior epithelium. The embryonic posterior epithelium later disappears.


Philosophic formulations which are basic to psychoanalysis. Some of the conceptual theories developed were of the libido, repression, regression, transference, id, ego, superego, Oedipus Complex, etc.


The extent to which an enzyme retains its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to storage, isolation, and purification or various other physical or chemical manipulations, including proteolytic enzymes and heat.


A mammalian pancreatic extract composed of enzymes with protease, amylase and lipase activities. It is used as a digestant in pancreatic malfunction.


Physicians who specialize in treating RHEUMATIC DISEASES.


A direct acting sympathomimetic used as a vasoconstrictor to relieve nasal congestion. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1251)


A condition characterized by the thickening of the ventricular ENDOCARDIUM and subendocardium (MYOCARDIUM), seen mostly in children and young adults in the TROPICAL CLIMATE. The fibrous tissue extends from the apex toward and often involves the HEART VALVES causing restrictive blood flow into the respective ventricles (CARDIOMYOPATHY, RESTRICTIVE).


Organizations established by endowments with provision for future maintenance.


Nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve. It is divided cytoarchitectonically into three parts: oralis, caudalis (TRIGEMINAL CAUDAL NUCLEUS), and interpolaris.


Resistance and recovery from distortion of shape.


The study of the origin, structure, development, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of plants.


A genus of aquatic fungi of the family Blastocladiaceae, order Blastocladiales, used in the study of zoospore formation.


A series of structurally-related alkaloids containing the ergotaman backbone structure.


A highly poisonous substance that was formerly used as an insecticide. The manufacture and use has been discontinued in the U.S. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)


Measurement of radioactivity in the entire human body.


A genus of grasses known generally as goatgrasses, presumed to be wild ancestors of domestic WHEAT. They belong to the grass family, POACEAE, and are distributed widely in Eurasia and North America.


The causative agent of venereal and non-venereal syphilis as well as yaws.


Those areas of the hospital organization not considered departments which provide specialized patient care. They include various hospital special care wards.


Natural recurring desire for food. Alterations may be induced by APPETITE DEPRESSANTS or APPETITE STIMULANTS.


A species of gram-negative, aerobic BACTERIA commonly found in the NASOPHARYNX of infants and children, but rarely pathogenic. It is the only species to produce acid from LACTOSE.


Buckwheat, False
Bistort
Polygonum
Smartweed
Knotweed

A plant genus of the family POLYGONACEAE that is an ingredient of Shou-Wu-Pian, a Chinese herbal preparation (DRUGS, CHINESE HERBAL). The common name of black bindweed also refers to TAMUS or Fallopia (use POLYGONACEAE).


A genus of the family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE (subfamily PNEUMOVIRINAE) where the human and bovine virions have neither hemagglutinin nor neuraminidase activity. RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS, HUMAN is the type species.


A family of gram-negative aerobic bacteria in the order BURKHOLDERIALES, encompassing the acidovorans rRNA complex. Some species are pathogenic to PLANTS.


Official records of individual deaths including the cause of death certified by a physician, and any other required identifying information.


A heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds with the chemical formula C4H4N2.


The region of the upper limb between the metacarpus and the FOREARM.


Crown Compounds
Thia Crown Compounds
Aza-Thia Crown Compounds
Aza Crown Compounds

Macrocyclic polyamines related to aza-oxa crowns (CROWN ETHERS).


A geopolitical organization of African nations with a mission to integrate vital interests, promote international relations, political stability, and economic development among member states.


The use of embolizing agents to block the arterial blood supply to parts or all of the UTERUS. The procedures are done to control bleeding or to cause destruction of uterine tissues.


A genus of small, straight gram-negative rods which are facultatively anaerobic, chemoorganotrophic, and usually motile by peritrichous flagella. Members of this genus are usually found in the intestines of cold-blooded animals and in fresh water. They are pathogenic for eels, CATFISHES, and other animals and are rare opportunistic pathogens for humans. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)


The poppy plant family of the order Papaverales, subclass Magnoliidae, class Magnoliopsida. These have bisexual, regular, cup-shaped flowers with one superior pistil and many stamens; 2 or 3 conspicuous, separate sepals and a number of separate petals. The fruit is a capsule. Leaves are usually deeply cut or divided into leaflets.


Studies of the number of cases where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is present in a specific population at a designated time. The presence in a given individual is determined by the finding of HIV antibodies in the serum (HIV SEROPOSITIVITY).


A mitosporic fungal genus in the family Clavicipitaceae. It has teleomorphs in the family Nectriaceae. Metarhizium anisopliae is used in PESTICIDES.


Monocarboxylic acid derivatives of acetic acids, where the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by two phenyl groups.


An ascarid nematode found primarily in the small intestine of the larger Felidae as well as dogs and cats. It differs from TOXOCARA in that the larvae do not migrate through the lungs. It does occasionally produce visceral larva migrans (LARVA MIGRANS, VISCERAL) in man, although more rarely than does Toxocara.


Solution titration in which the end point is read from the electrode-potential variations with the concentrations of potential determining ions. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)


A cyclin subtype that is found as a component of a heterotrimeric complex containing cyclin-dependent kinase 7 and CDK-activating kinase assembly factor. The complex plays a role in cellular proliferation by phosphorylating several CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASES at specific regulatory threonine sites.


Recession of the eyeball into the orbit.


Enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of a carbon-nitrogen bond by means other than hydrolysis or oxidation. Subclasses are the AMMONIA-LYASES, the AMIDINE-LYASES, the amine-lyases, and other carbon-nitrogen lyases. EC 4.3.


Places such as AIRPORTS, bus stations, and train stations that are used for managing arriving and departing transport vehicles, and included facilities for handling passengers.


The act or practice of literary composition, the occupation of writer, or producing or engaging in literary work as a profession.


A genus of fungi in the family Ancylistaceae, order ENTOMOPHTHORALES, characterized by the presence of small nuclei with a prominent central nucleolus in interphase. They are commonly found in the soil but also infect termites, aphids, and sometimes, though rarely, mammals including humans. (Alexopoulos et al, Introductory Mycology, 4th ed, pp159-60)


Antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces antibioticus.


A genus of parasitic nematodes occurring in the stomach of ruminants.


Cellular Microenvironment
Cell Microenvironment

Local surroundings with which cells interact by processing various chemical and physical signals, and by contributing their own effects to this environment.


The most anterior portion of the uveal layer, separating the anterior chamber from the posterior. It consists of two layers - the stroma and the pigmented epithelium. Color of the iris depends on the amount of melanin in the stroma on reflection from the pigmented epithelium.


Emerimicins Culicinins Antiamoebins Trichorzianines Peptaibols Atroviridins Zervamicins Alamethicins Chrysospermins Emerimicin

A group of peptides characterized by length of 1-2 dozen residues with a high proportion of them being non-proteinogenic, notably alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) and isovaline, and have a C-terminal amino alcohol and N terminal alkyl group. They are found in FUNGI and some are ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS. They form channels or pores in target organisms. The term is a contraction of peptide-Aib-alcohol.


National Council on Health Planning and Development

Organized groups serving in advisory capacities related to health planning activities.


Bisoprolol Fumarate (1:1) Salt, (+-)-Isomer

Bisoprolol Fumarate (2:1) Salt, (+-)-Isomer

A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.


Unsaturated derivatives of cholane with methyl groups at C-10 and C-13 and a branched five-carbon chain at C-17. They must have at least one double bond in the ring system.


Dental procedure in which part of the pulp chamber is removed from the crown of a tooth.


Technique for measuring air pressure and the rate of airflow in the nasal cavity during respiration.


A plant family of the order Laurales, subclass Magnoliidae, class Magnoliopsida.


Stable chromium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element chromium, but differ in atomic weight. Cr-50, 53, and 54 are stable chromium isotopes.


Large hospitals with a resident medical staff which provides continuous care to maternity, surgical and medical patients.


A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.


Myotonia
Percussion Myotonia
Myotonic Phenomenon

Prolonged failure of muscle relaxation after contraction. This may occur after voluntary contractions, muscle percussion, or electrical stimulation of the muscle. Myotonia is a characteristic feature of MYOTONIC DISORDERS.


The aglucon moiety of a saponin molecule. It may be triterpenoid or steroid, usually spirostan, in nature.


A genus of anaerobic bacteria in the family Peptococcaceae, widely distributed in SOIL and the RUMEN of animals. Stains gram-negative but cell wall is gram-positive type.


Inorganic compounds that contain ruthenium as an integral part of the molecule.


Smoking, Non-Tobacco Products
Herbal Smoking

SMOKING of non-TOBACCO (or NICOTINE-containing) substances.


The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi.


A species of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria isolated from the gingival margin and sulcus and from infections of the upper respiratory tract and pleural cavity.


Little or no appetite for breakfast due to eating more food after dinner than during the meal and eating more than half of daily food intake after dinner hour.


Pyrimidines with a RIBOSE and phosphate attached that can polymerize to form DNA and RNA.


Vascular Closure Patches
Vascular Closure Devices
Catheterization Closure Devices

Products used to seal the openings in BLOOD VESSELS from incisions or punctures made during ENDOVASCULAR PROCEDURES.


Pathological processes in the ESOPHAGUS.


Sexual union of a male and a female in non-human species.


Decisions for determining and guiding present and future objectives from among alternatives.


Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.


Innate Inflammatory Response
Inflammation

A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.


Tracts of land completely surrounded by water.


A species in the genus ANABAENA whose trichomes are composed of cylindrical cells.


The bone of the lower leg lateral to and smaller than the tibia. In proportion to its length, it is the most slender of the long bones.


A genus that has been reclassified into BACILLALES incertae sedis because of its ambiguous taxonomy. Previously it was considered part of the Staphylococcaceae family.


Inland bodies of standing FRESHWATER usually smaller than LAKES. They can be man-made or natural but there is no universal agreement as to their exact size. Some consider a pond to be a small body of water that is shallow enough for sunlight to reach the bottom.


The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more AMINO ACIDS in a protein with another. If a functionally equivalent amino acid is substituted, the protein may retain wild-type activity. Substitution may also diminish, enhance, or eliminate protein function. Experimentally induced substitution is often used to study enzyme activities and binding site properties.


Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.


Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.


Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty

A surgical procedure or KERATOPLASTY involving selective stripping and replacement of diseased host DESCEMET MEMBRANE and CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM with a suitable and healthy donor posterior lamella. The advantage to this procedure is that the normal corneal surface of the recipient is retained, thereby avoiding corneal surface incisions and sutures.


A moderately firm, benign, encapsulated tumor resulting from proliferation of SCHWANN CELLS and FIBROBLASTS that includes portions of nerve fibers. The tumors usually develop along peripheral or cranial nerves and are a central feature of NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1, where they may occur intracranially or involve spinal roots. Pathologic features include fusiform enlargement of the involved nerve. Microscopic examination reveals a disorganized and loose cellular pattern with elongated nuclei intermixed with fibrous strands. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1016)


Surgical removal of one or both breasts to prevent or reduce the risk of developing breast cancer in persons who may be predisposed.


Sensitivity and Specificity
Sensitivity
Specificity

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)


A religion founded by Mary Baker Eddy in 1866 that was organized under the official name of the Church of Christ, Scientist. It includes the practice of spiritual healing.


Damage to tissues as the result of low environmental temperatures.


Centers for acquiring, storing, and distributing human milk.


A class of plant growth hormone isolated from cultures of Gibberella fujikuroi, a fungus causing Bakanae disease in rice. There are many different members of the family as well as mixtures of multiple members; all are diterpenoid acids based on the gibberellane skeleton.


Study of the principles and practices of library administration and services.


Hearing Protective Devices
Earmuffs
Ear Protective Devices
Earplugs

Personal devices for protection of the ears from loud or high intensity noise, water, or cold. These include earmuffs and earplugs.


An antigenic mismatch between donor and recipient blood. Antibodies present in the recipient's serum may be directed against antigens in the donor product. Such a mismatch may result in a transfusion reaction in which, for example, donor blood is hemolyzed. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984).


Sugars in which the OXYGEN is replaced by a NITROGEN atom. This substitution prevents normal METABOLISM resulting in inhibition of GLYCOSIDASES and GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASES.


The volume of air that is exhaled by a maximal expiration following a maximal inspiration.


A genus of the family CHLAMYDIACEAE whose species cause a variety of diseases in vertebrates including humans, mice, and swine. Chlamydia species are gram-negative and produce glycogen. The type species is CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS.


Closed-Loop Communication
Teach-Back Communication

Providing the patient, family or others information, and then allowing them to take an action or restate the information in their own words. The clinician prefaces communications with a statement framed to show the clinician has the burden of effective communication rather than the patient.


An order of the class MAMMALS that consists of one family, TUPAIIDAE (tree shrews), 5 genera (one of which is TUPAIA), and 16 species. Their recent distribution is from India to the Philippines, southern China to Java, Borneo, Sumatra, Bali, and other islands in those regions.


A bacterium which is one of the etiologic agents of bacillary dysentery (DYSENTERY, BACILLARY) and sometimes of infantile gastroenteritis.


Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.


Policies that include the existence of a body responsible for the articulation and implementation of a platform based on an equality perspective that requires the integration of race-ethnicity, differences in sexual orientation, as well as the demands and needs arising from differences within the executive. Its objective is to translate a programmatic vision into action and action axes that reflects the struggle for egalitarian social relations. (From http://bit.ly/28WAaYO)


A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS. It regulates BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN signaling and plays an essential role in EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT.


Removal of all of the organs and adjacent structures of the pelvis. It is usually performed to surgically remove cancer involving the bladder, uterine cervix, or rectum. (Stedman, 25th ed)


The barrier between the perineurium of PERIPHERAL NERVES and the endothelium (ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR) of endoneurial CAPILLARIES. The perineurium acts as a diffusion barrier, but ion permeability at the blood-nerve barrier is still higher than at the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER.


Works about lists of persons or organizations, systematically arranged, usually in alphabetic or classed order, giving address, affiliations, etc., for individuals, and giving address, officers, functions, and similar data for organizations.


A highly vascularized extra-embryonic membrane, formed by the fusion of the CHORION and the ALLANTOIS. It is mostly found in BIRDS and REPTILES. It serves as a model for studying tumor or cell biology, such as angiogenesis and TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION.


An insecticide and herbicide that has also been used as a wood preservative. Pentachlorphenol is a widespread environmental pollutant. Both chronic and acute pentachlorophenol poisoning are medical concerns. The range of its biological actions is still being actively explored, but it is clearly a potent enzyme inhibitor and has been used as such as an experimental tool.


An order of flagellate protozoa. Characteristics include the presence of one or two flagella arising from a depression in the cell body and a single mitochondrion that extends the length of the body.


A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, straight, curved, or branched rods which are motile by a single polar flagellum. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)


A plant genus in the family Vitaceae. It is a woody vine cultivated worldwide. It is best known for grapes, the edible fruit and used to make WINE and raisins.


Ribosome inactivating proteins consisting of two polypeptide chains, the toxic A subunit and a lectin B subunit, linked by disulfide bridges. The lectin portion binds to cell surfaces and facilitates transport into the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM.


The promotion and support of consumers' rights and interests.


Instruments for measuring arterial blood pressure consisting of an inflatable cuff, inflating bulb, and a gauge showing the blood pressure. (Stedman, 26th ed)


A genus of POXVIRIDAE, subfamily CHORDOPOXVIRINAE, infecting humans. Transmission is by direct contact among children, by sexual contact among young adults, or by fomites. MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM VIRUS is the type species.


A genus of edible mushrooms in the family Pluteaceae. They have pink gills and a volva at the stem base, and species can be confused with those of the poisonous genus AMANITA.


Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of glucose from a nucleoside diphosphate glucose to an acceptor molecule which is frequently another carbohydrate. EC 2.4.1.-.


The resistance that a gaseous or liquid system offers to flow when it is subjected to shear stress. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)


Devices which are used in the treatment of orthopedic injuries and diseases.


The practice of redirecting ambulances and patients seeking urgent care from one emergency department to others for various reasons such as overcrowding and shortage of skilled staff.


Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.


Pharmacy Residencies
Pharmacy Internships

Advanced programs of training to meet certain professional requirements in the practice of compounding and dispensing medicinal preparations.


Order of flowering plants which includes many tropical species. Well-characterized members include SALICACEAE (willow family), VIOLACEAE (violet family), PASSIFLORACEAE (passion-flower family), EUPHORBIACEAE (spurge or croton family), RHIZOPHORACEAE (mangrove family), and ERYTHROXYLACEAE (coca family).


Persons or animals having at least one parent in common. (American College Dictionary, 3d ed)


A behavioral change that results in an organism moving or orienting toward or away from the light source.


Vas Occlusion
Vasectomy Seekers
Vasectomy Seekers, Refused
Vasectomy
Vas Occlusion, Nonchemical
Intravasal Thread
Vas Ligation

Surgical removal of the ductus deferens, or a portion of it. It is done in association with prostatectomy, or to induce infertility. (Dorland, 28th ed)


The freedom of patients to review their own medical, genetic, or other health-related records.


The period following a surgical operation.


A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria characterized by an outer membrane that contains glycosphingolipids but lacks lipopolysaccharide. They have the ability to degrade a broad range of substituted aromatic compounds.


An order of ciliate protozoa in which the cytostome is usually situated at the base of an oral groove, the wall of which bears dense cilia.


The process of altering the morphology and functional activity of macrophages so that they become avidly phagocytic. It is initiated by lymphokines, such as the macrophage activation factor (MAF) and the macrophage migration-inhibitory factor (MMIF), immune complexes, C3b, and various peptides, polysaccharides, and immunologic adjuvants.


Substances and materials manufactured for use in various technologies and industries and for domestic use.


In statistics, a technique for numerically approximating the solution of a mathematical problem by studying the distribution of some random variable, often generated by a computer. The name alludes to the randomness characteristic of the games of chance played at the gambling casinos in Monte Carlo. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, 1993)


The study of animals - their morphology, growth, distribution, classification, and behavior.


Physicians specializing in ANESTHESIOLOGY.


A broad-spectrum antimicrobial isolated from Streptomyces ribosifidicus.


A species of lung fluke infecting humans and other animals, and found chiefly in Asia and the Far East.


Unstable isotopes of bromine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Br atoms with atomic weights 74-78, 80, and 82-90 are radioactive bromine isotopes.


A subdiscipline of genetics which deals with the genetic basis of the immune response (IMMUNITY).


Biological catalysts and their cofactors.


A dynamic and principled process where all members participate in dialogue to achieve and maintain peaceful social relations. It does not include coerced assimilation or forced integration. (from https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/sib/peacedialogue/soc_integration.htm)


Motion of an object in which either one or more points on a line are fixed. It is also the motion of a particle about a fixed point. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)


Unstable isotopes of oxygen that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. O atoms with atomic weights 13, 14, 15, 19, and 20 are radioactive oxygen isotopes.


A plastic operation on the esophagus. (Dorland, 28th ed)


Sensation of enjoyment or gratification.


The facilitation of biochemical reactions with the aid of naturally occurring catalysts such as ENZYMES.


A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.


A genus of ascomycetous yeast in the family Saccharomycetaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES. Many species show mycocinogenic activity against other yeasts.


A genus of ciliate protozoa commonly used in genetic, cytological, and other research.


Tundra
Alpine Tundra
Antarctic Tundra
Arctic Tundra

An ecosystem dominated by grasses, lichens, mosses, sedges and shrubs in cold landscapes or at high elevations where a layer of the ground remains perennially frozen (PERMAFROST).


Surgical formation of an opening in the ureter for external drainage of the urine; cutaneous route utilizes a ureteral orifice emerging through the skin.


A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family STAPHYLOCOCCACEAE. It is a zoonotic organism and common commensal in dogs, but can cause disease in dogs and other animals. It also can be associated with human disease.


A species of gram-negative, aerobic BACTERIA found in the human NASOPHARYNX; SALIVA; and SPUTUM.


Inflation of a balloon CATHETER within the uterine cavity to control UTERINE HEMORRHAGE.


Organic siloxanes which are polymerized to the oily stage. The oils have low surface tension and density less than 1. They are used in industrial applications and in the treatment of retinal detachment, complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy.


A species of METHYLOCOCCUS which forms capsules and is capable of autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)


Radioimmunoassay of proteins using antibody coupled to an immunosorbent.


A lysosomal papain-related cysteine proteinase that is expressed in a broad variety of cell types.


A therapeutic approach in which horticultural artefacts are utilized in improving an individual's social, emotional, educational, psychological, and physical well-being.


An unusual desire or craving for abnormal foods.


Quinolinate
Quinolinic Acid
Quinolinic Acid, Copper(2+) Salt
Quinolinic Acid, Strontium Salt
Quinolinic Acid, Disodium Salt

A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.


Organic substances that are required in small amounts for maintenance and growth, but which cannot be manufactured by the human body.


Gas-Liquid-Solid Phase Transitions
Sol-Gel Phase Transition
Phase Transition

A change of a substance from one form or state to another.


A dextrodisaccharide from malt and starch. It is used as a sweetening agent and fermentable intermediate in brewing. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)


A measure of PATIENT SAFETY considering errors or mistakes which result in harm to the patient. They include errors in the administration of drugs and other medications (MEDICATION ERRORS), errors in the performance of procedures or the use of other types of therapy, in the use of equipment, and in the interpretation of laboratory findings and preventable accidents involving patients.


Alkyl and Aryl Transferases
Aryltransferases
Alkyltransferases

A somewhat heterogeneous class of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of alkyl or related groups (excluding methyl groups). EC 2.5.


Those affective states which can be experienced and have arousing and motivational properties.


The distinctly human attributes and attainments of a particular society.


Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.


The middle portion of the SMALL INTESTINE, between DUODENUM and ILEUM. It represents about 2/5 of the remaining portion of the small intestine below duodenum.


A species of toxic plants of the Compositae. The poisonous compounds are alkaloids which cause cattle diseases, neoplasms, and liver damage and are used to produce cancers in experimental animals.


The normal decreasing elasticity of the crystalline lens that leads to loss of accommodation.


Copies or original works acquired from cooperating institutions on request.


Reduction of blood viscosity usually by the addition of cell free solutions. Used clinically (1) in states of impaired microcirculation, (2) for replacement of intraoperative blood loss without homologous blood transfusion, and (3) in cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermia.


A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.


A group of glycine amides of aminobenzoic acids.


Leiomyosarcoma
Leiomyosarcoma, Epithelioid
Leiomyosarcoma, Myxoid

A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865)


Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.


A congenital reproductive abnormality in white female offspring (heifers) in certain breeds of CATTLE, such as Belgian Blue and Shorthorn. The white color is inherited as a recessive trait which is associated with defects in the female reproductive tract (Muellerian system). These heifers are usually sterile.


Centrifugation using a rotating chamber of large capacity in which to separate cell organelles by density-gradient centrifugation. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)


A relational factor in counseling that includes three dimensions: goal consensus between counselor and client, collaboration on counseling-related tasks, and emotional bonding.  It is referred to as the working alliance between a therapist and a client in psychotherapy and closely correlated with positive client outcomes.


A glandular epithelial cell or a unicellular gland. Goblet cells secrete MUCUS. They are scattered in the epithelial linings of many organs, especially the SMALL INTESTINE and the RESPIRATORY TRACT.


Insulated enclosures in which temperature, humidity, and other environmental conditions can be regulated at levels optimal for growth, hatching, reproduction, or metabolic reactions.


Act of choosing to move away from a potentially negative stimulus or situation.


The discharge of saliva from the SALIVARY GLANDS that keeps the mouth tissues moist and aids in digestion.


Disease caused by the liberation of exotoxins of CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS in the intestines of sheep, goats, cattle, foals, and piglets. Type B enterotoxemia in lambs is lamb dysentery; type C enterotoxemia in mature sheep produces "struck", and in calves, lambs and piglets it produces hemorrhagic enterotoxemia; type D enterotoxemia in sheep and goats is pulpy-kidney disease or overeating disease.


A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.


Glycogen Phosphorylase, Liver Form
Glycogen Phosphorylase b, Liver Form
Glycogen Phosphorylase a, Liver Form

An isoenzyme of GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE that catalyzes the degradation of GLYCOGEN in liver tissue. Mutation of the gene coding this enzyme on chromosome 14 is the cause of GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE TYPE VI.


A group of amides with the general formula of R-CONH2.


An activity in which the body advances at a slow to moderate pace by moving the feet in a coordinated fashion. This includes recreational walking, walking for fitness, and competitive race-walking.


A plant genus of the family BALANOPHORACEAE. Members contain stigmastanes and ursanes (TRITERPENES) and lignan glucopyranosides (LIGNANS).


A family of viruses, mainly arboviruses, consisting of a single strand of RNA. Virions are enveloped particles 90-120 nm diameter. The complete family contains over 300 members arranged in five genera: ORTHOBUNYAVIRUS; HANTAVIRUS; NAIROVIRUS; PHLEBOVIRUS; and TOSPOVIRUS.


A widely distributed order of perching BIRDS, including more than half of all bird species.


A contagious disease of horses that can be transmitted to humans. It is caused by BURKHOLDERIA MALLEI and characterized by ulceration of the respiratory mucosa and an eruption of nodules on the skin.


Agents employed in the preparation of histologic or pathologic specimens for the purpose of maintaining the existing form and structure of all of the constituent elements. Great numbers of different agents are used; some are also decalcifying and hardening agents. They must quickly kill and coagulate living tissue.


The science devoted to the comparative study of man.


An enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of the guanidine nitrogen of arginine in the presence of ATP and a divalent cation with formation of phosphorylarginine and ADP. EC 2.7.3.3.


The articulation between a metacarpal bone and a phalanx.


Pregnenes with one double bond or more than three double bonds which have undergone ring contractions or are lacking carbon-18 or carbon-19..


A group of compounds that has the general structure of a dicarboxylic acid-substituted benzene ring. The ortho-isomer is used in dye manufacture. (Dorland, 28th ed)


A genus of trematode liver flukes of the family Fasciolidae. Two species of this genus are F. hepatica and F. gigantica. The parasites are found in the liver and gallbladder and associated ducts in mammals and occasionally man. F. gigantica occurs rarely in man.


A bundle of NERVE FIBERS connecting each posterior horn of the spinal cord to the opposite side of the THALAMUS, carrying information about pain, temperature, and touch. It is one of two major routes by which afferent spinal NERVE FIBERS carrying sensations of somaesthesis are transmitted to the THALAMUS.


Legal documents that are declarations of individuals' wishes regarding the disposal of their property or estate after death; esp: written instruments, legally executed, by which dispositions are made of estates. LIVING WILLS are written declarations regarding prolongation of life by extraordinary means.


Multiple erythrocytic antigens that comprise at least three pairs of alternates and amorphs, determined by one complex gene or possibly several genes at closely linked loci. The system is important in transfusion reactions. Its expression involves the X-chromosome.


Persons admitted to health facilities which provide board and room, for the purpose of observation, care, diagnosis or treatment.


The two types of spaces between which water and other body fluids are distributed: extracellular and intracellular.


A toxic lectin from the seeds of jequirity, Abrus precatorius L. Very active poison. Five different proteins have so far been isolated: Abrus agglutinin, the component responsible for: hemagglutinating activity, & abrins a-d, the toxic principals each consisting of two peptide chains are held together by disulfide bonds.


Transfer of exogenous ANTIGEN to the ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS for presentation to naive CD8-POSITIVE LYMPHOCYTES.


A genus of SPONGES in the family Petrosiidae, characterized by an ectosomal triangular or polygonal reticulation of spicule tracts or single spicules.


A group of compounds that are derivatives of phenylpyruvic acid which has the general formula C6H5CH2COCOOH, and is a metabolite of phenylalanine. (From Dorland, 28th ed)


Hard, amorphous, brittle, inorganic, usually transparent, polymerous silicate of basic oxides, usually potassium or sodium. It is used in the form of hard sheets, vessels, tubing, fibers, ceramics, beads, etc.


Damage to the eye or its function (e.g., VISUAL IMPAIRMENT) due to OPTIC NERVE damage secondary to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.


A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans the fibers of the radial nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C5 to T1), travel via the posterior cord of the brachial plexus, and supply motor innervation to extensor muscles of the arm and cutaneous sensory fibers to extensor regions of the arm and hand.


The attainment or process of attaining a new level of performance or quality.


The induction of local hyperthermia by either short radio waves or high-frequency sound waves.


Central Pattern Generators
Central Pattern Generator Neurons

The nerve cells in a network that controls the firing patterns (timing, phasing, and intensity) of MOTOR NEURONS resulting in a coordinated activation of muscle cells that produces rhythmic movements such as MASTICATION; LOCOMOTION; RESPIRATION; and PERISTALSIS.


A condition of persistent pain and discomfort in the BACK and the LEG following lumbar surgery, often seen in patients enrolled in pain centers.


Specific particles of membrane-bound organized living substances present in eukaryotic cells, such as the MITOCHONDRIA; the GOLGI APPARATUS; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; LYSOSOMES; PLASTIDS; and VACUOLES.


Essential dietary elements or organic compounds that are required in only small quantities for normal physiologic processes to occur.


Official certifications by a physician recording the individual's birth date, place of birth, parentage and other required identifying data which are filed with the local registrar of vital statistics.


Cyclic compounds that include atoms other than carbon in their ring structure.


An organization of insurers or reinsurers through which particular types of risk are shared or pooled. The risk of high loss by a particular insurance company is transferred to the group as a whole (the insurance pool) with premiums, losses, and expenses shared in agreed amounts.


Improving the NUTRITIONAL VALUE of plant foods by augmenting the plant's environment, by using PLANT BREEDING, or by GENETIC ENGINEERING plants to increase their ability to synthesize VITAMINS or uptake essential NUTRIENTS from the soil.


Madurella mycetomatis
Madurella
Madurella grisea

A mitosporic fungal genus that causes MYCETOMA in humans. Madurella grisea and M. mycetomatis are the etiological agents.


A plant family of the order Myrtales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. They are mainly trees and shrubs. Many members contain mucilage and COUMARINS.


Prolonged separation of the offspring from the mother.


Treatment designed to help prevent a relapse of a disease following the successful primary treatments (INDUCTION CHEMOTHERAPY and CONSOLIDATION CHEMOTHERAPY) with a long-term low-dose drug therapy.


Thermonuclear reaction in which the nuclei of an element of low atomic weight unite under extremely high temperature and pressure to form a nucleus of a heavier atom.


Unstable isotopes of strontium that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. Sr 80-83, 85, and 89-95 are radioactive strontium isotopes.


Proteins that specifically bind to IRON.


A branch of the tibial nerve which supplies sensory innervation to parts of the lower leg and foot.


The etiologic agent of rat leprosy, also known as murine leprosy.


Interdisciplinary Placement
Shared Learning
Collaborative Learning

Teaching strategy of shared learning based cross-discipline experiences and placements.


An oligomer formed from the repetitive linking of the C-terminal glycine of one UBIQUITIN molecule via an isopeptide bond to a lysine residue on a second ubiquitin molecule. It is structurally distinct from UBIQUITIN C, which is a single protein containing a tandemly arrayed ubiquitin peptide sequence.


The application of medicine, vitamins, extracts, or other bioactive substances for a localized effect via multiple subcutaneous injections or perfusion of substances into the various layers of the skin below the EPIDERMIS.


A functional relationship between psychological phenomena of such nature that the presence of one tends to evoke the other; also, the process by which such a relationship is established.


A subfamily of PARAMYXOVIRIDAE. Genera include RUBULAVIRUS; RESPIROVIRUS; MORBILLIVIRUS; HENIPAVIRUS; and AVULAVIRUS.


A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family STAPHYLOCOCCACEAE. It commonly causes urinary tract infections in humans.


Compounds that selectively bind to and block the activation of ADENOSINE A3 RECEPTORS.


Gelaspon
Gelfoam
Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable

Sterile, gelatin-base surgical sponge applied topically as an adjunct to hemostasis when the control of bleeding by conventional procedures is ineffective to reduce capillary ooze or is impractical. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p797)


A genus of saprobic mushrooms in the family Bolbitiaceae that grow in grass, dung, garden mulch, or in woods.


Inflammation of both the PERICARDIUM and the PLEURA.


A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887)


A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae, causing BACTEREMIA in humans and ANIMALS.


Non-digestible food ingredients mostly of a carbohydrate base that improve human health by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of existing BACTERIA in the COLON.


A two carbon alkane with the formula H3C-CH3.


The channels that collect and transport the bile secretion from the BILE CANALICULI, the smallest branch of the BILIARY TRACT in the LIVER, through the bile ductules, the bile ducts out the liver, and to the GALLBLADDER for storage.


The outer covering of the body composed of the SKIN and the skin appendages, which are the HAIR, the NAILS; and the SEBACEOUS GLANDS and the SWEAT GLANDS and their ducts.


The etiological agent of contagious pleuropneumonia (PLEUROPNEUMONIA, CONTAGIOUS) of cattle and goats.


Consists of a polypeptide chain and 4'-phosphopantetheine linked to a serine residue by a phosphodiester bond. Acyl groups are bound as thiol esters to the pantothenyl group. Acyl carrier protein is involved in every step of fatty acid synthesis by the cytoplasmic system.


Stable nitrogen atoms that have the same atomic number as the element nitrogen, but differ in atomic weight. N-15 is a stable nitrogen isotope.


HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITOR CELLS that have migrated to the THYMUS where they differentiate into T-LYMPHOCYTES. Thymocytes are classified into maturational stages based on the expression of CELL SURFACE ANTIGENS.


Recesses in the shore in a large body of water and usually the actual connection between a bay and the ocean.


Benzoic acid esters or salts substituted with one or more iodine atoms.


The care of women and a fetus or newborn given before, during, and after delivery from the 28th week of gestation through the 7th day after delivery.


Inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER with voiding (URINATION).


Disorders of the mouth attendant upon non-oral disease or injury.


Artifactual vesicles formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted. They are isolated by differential centrifugation and are composed of three structural features: rough vesicles, smooth vesicles, and ribosomes. Numerous enzyme activities are associated with the microsomal fraction. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990; from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)


Compounds containing the hexamethylenebis(trimethylammonium) cation. Members of this group frequently act as antihypertensive agents and selective ganglionic blocking agents.


An abnormal anatomical passage that connects the VAGINA to other organs, such as the bladder (VESICOVAGINAL FISTULA) or the rectum (RECTOVAGINAL FISTULA).