Experience Sampling
Ecological Momentary Assessment

Repeated reports by a research participant of symptoms, affect, behavior, and cognition close in time to experience and in the participant's natural environment.


Inflammation of the lips. It is of various etiologies and degrees of pathology.


A genus of the family TOGAVIRIDAE containing only one recognized species, RUBELLA VIRUS. Transmission is primarily by aerosolization.


A poly(dimethylsiloxane) which is a polymer of 200-350 units of dimethylsiloxane, along with added silica gel. It is used as an antiflatulent, surfactant, and ointment base.


Sindbis Virus
Babanki virus
Ockelbo Virus
Kyzylagach virus

The type species of ALPHAVIRUS normally transmitted to birds by CULEX mosquitoes in Egypt, South Africa, India, Malaya, the Philippines, and Australia. It may be associated with fever in humans. Serotypes (differing by less than 17% in nucleotide sequence) include Babanki, Kyzylagach, and Ockelbo viruses.


Professionals who plan, organize and direct health education programs for the individual, groups and the community.


Structures which are part of the CELL MEMBRANE or have cell membrane as a major part of their structure.


A condition caused by degenerative arthritis (see OSTEOARTHRITIS) of the METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT of the great toe and characterized by pain and limited dorsiflexion, but relatively unrestricted plantar flexion.


A procedure to measure the amount of radiation absorbed by the body during RADIOTHERAPY by DOSIMETERS in the patient’s skin or natural cavities.


Nasal Cartilages
Septal Nasal Cartilage
Lateral Nasal Cartilages
Alar Nasal Cartilages

Hyaline cartilages in the nose. There are five major nasal cartilages including two lateral, two alar, and one septal.


Constriction of the pupil in response to light stimulation of the retina. It refers also to any reflex involving the iris, with resultant alteration of the diameter of the pupil. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)


A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)


An absorbable suture material used also as ligating clips, as pins for internal fixation of broken bones, and as ligament reinforcement for surgically managed ligament injuries. Its promising characteristics are elasticity, complete biodegradability, and lack of side effects such as infections.


Compounds in which one or more of the ketone groups on the pyrimidine ring of barbituric acid are replaced by thione groups.


Contractions of the abdominal muscles upon stimulation of the skin (superficial abdominal reflex) or tapping neighboring bony structures (deep abdominal reflex). The superficial reflex may be weak or absent, for example, after a stroke, a sign of upper (suprasegmental) motor neuron lesions. (Stedman, 25th ed & Best & Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, 12th ed, p1073)


Components of the usual diet that may provide health benefits beyond basic nutrients. Examples of functional foods include soy, nuts, chocolate, and cranberries (From NCCAM Backgrounder, March 2004, p3).


Derivatives and polymers of styrene. They are used in the manufacturing of synthetic rubber, plastics, and resins. Some of the polymers form the skeletal structures for ion exchange resin beads.


Immobilized Nucleic Acids
Immobilized DNA
Immobilized Oligonucleotides
Immobilized RNA

DNA or RNA bound to a substrate thereby having fixed positions.


A species of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria isolated from soil, animal intestines and feces, and fresh and salt water.


Specialized ophthalmic technique used in the surgical repair and or treatment of disorders that include retinal tears or detachment; MACULAR HOLES; hereditary retinal disease; AIDS-related retinal infections; ocular tumors; MACULAR DEGENERATION; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY; and UVEITIS.


Changing an open-chain hydrocarbon to a closed ring. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)


An order of MAMMALS that feeds using their trunks. It contains one family, the Elephantidae, comprised of two living genera of ELEPHANTS plus the extinct MAMMOTHS and MASTODONS.


Chemicals used to destroy pests of any sort. The concept includes fungicides (FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL); INSECTICIDES; RODENTICIDES; etc.


Subliminal Stimulation
Subliminal Perception

Stimulation at an intensity below that where a differentiated response can be elicited.


A plant genus of the family THYMELAEACEAE. Members contain daphnoretin and wikstroelides and daphnane-type DITERPENES.


Inorganic compounds that contain tin as an integral part of the molecule.


A genus of Old World monkeys found in Africa although some species have been introduced into the West Indies. This genus is composed of at least twenty species: C. AETHIOPS, C. ascanius, C. campbelli, C. cephus, C. denti, C. diana, C. dryas, C. erythrogaster, C. erythrotis, C. hamlyni, C. lhoesti, C. mitis, C. mona, C. neglectus, C. nictitans, C. petaurista, C. pogonias, C. preussi, C. salongo, and C. wolfi.


Bony structure of the mouth that holds the teeth. It consists of the MANDIBLE and the MAXILLA.


Organic-inorganic hybrid polymers developed primarily for DENTAL RESTORATION. They typically contain a defined mixture of ORGANOSILICON COMPOUNDS; CERAMICS; and organic POLYMERS.


The act of knowing or the recognition of a distance by recollective thought, or by means of a sensory process which is under the influence of a set of prior experiences.


Dolichol Monophosphates
Dolichol Phosphates


Diverticular Bleeding
Diverticular Diseases

Diseases of the DIVERTICULUM often due to infection and/or inflammation (DIVERTICULITIS).


Reproductive rights rest on the recognition of the basic right of all couples and individuals to decide freely and responsibly the number, spacing and timing of their children and to have the information and means to do so, and the right to attain the highest standard of sexual and reproductive health. They also include the right of all to make decisions concerning reproduction free of discrimination, coercion and violence.


The formation and development of blood cells outside the BONE MARROW, as in the SPLEEN; LIVER; or LYMPH NODES.


A radioactive element of the actinide group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Pa, atomic number 91, and atomic weight 231. It decays by alpha-emission.


The figwort plant family of the order Lamiales. The family is characterized by bisexual flowers with tubular corollas (fused petals) that are bilaterally symmetrical (two-lips) and have four stamens in most, two of which are usually shorter.


A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that contains LECTINS. Many members have been reclassified into other genera of the FABACEAE family.


A form-species of nitrogen-fixing CYANOBACTERIA, in the family Nostocaceae, order Nostocales.


Ferrihorseradish Peroxidase
Horseradish Peroxidase
Horseradish Peroxidase II
Alpha-Peroxidase
Horseradish Peroxidase III

An enzyme isolated from horseradish which is able to act as an antigen. It is frequently used as a histochemical tracer for light and electron microscopy. Its antigenicity has permitted its use as a combined antigen and marker in experimental immunology.


Life or metabolic reactions occurring in an environment containing oxygen.


Collections of related records treated as a unit; ordering of such files.


Water that emerges to the surface of the earth from underground.


A plant family of the order Geraniales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida.


A genus of asporogenous bacteria isolated from soil that displays a distinctive rod-coccus growth cycle.


Structures that are part of or contained in the CELL NUCLEUS.


A genus of gram-negative, moderately halophilic bacteria in the family HALOMONADACEAE. They are chemoorganotrophic and grow optimally in media containing 8-10% salt.


A family of flowering plants in the order Magnoliales. Many of the species are tropical and have fragrant wood and leaves.


Tolterodine Tartrate
PHA-686464B
Detrusitol
Unidet
Detrol
Tolterodine
Detrol LA
Urotrol

An ANTIMUSCARINIC AGENT selective for the MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS of the BLADDER that is used in the treatment of URINARY INCONTINENCE and URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE.


Solid dosage forms, of varying weight, size, and shape, which may be molded or compressed, and which contain a medicinal substance in pure or diluted form. (Dorland, 28th ed)


A family of viruses, of the order NIDOVIRALES, containing spherical virions. In contrast to CORONAVIRIDAE, no protruding spikes are obvious on the surface.


Vaccination Campaign
Immunization Programs
Vaccination Promotion
Vaccination Awareness

Organized services to administer immunization procedures in the prevention of various diseases. The programs are made available over a wide range of sites: schools, hospitals, public health agencies, voluntary health agencies, etc. They are administered to an equally wide range of population groups or on various administrative levels: community, municipal, state, national, international.


An aminopurine factor in plant extracts that induces cell division. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dict, 5th ed)


Locusts Acrididae Grasshoppers Romaleidae

Plant-eating orthopterans having hindlegs adapted for jumping. There are two main families: Acrididae and Romaleidae. Some of the more common genera are: Melanoplus, the most common grasshopper; Conocephalus, the eastern meadow grasshopper; and Pterophylla, the true katydid.


A genus of ascomycetous yeast in the family Metschnikowiaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES. Its antifungal activity is used to inhibit postharvest decay of fruit.


A butterlike product made of refined vegetable oils, sometimes blended with animal fats, and emulsified usually with water or milk. It is used as a butter substitute. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)


The study and treatment of human behavior problems utilizing principles derived from the behavioral, medical, and social science with emphasis on promotion of mental health.


A genus of filarial nematodes. Various immature species have been found to infect the eyes or subcutaneous tissue in humans.


A species of CAMPYLOBACTER isolated from cases of human PERIODONTITIS. It is a microaerophile, capable of respiring with OXYGEN.


A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.


Antibodies, especially IGE, that bind to tissue of the same species so that ANTIGENS induce release of HISTAMINE and other vasoactive agents. HYPERSENSITIVITY is the clinical manifestation.


A plant family of the order Najadales, subclass Alismatidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons).


Detailed financial plans for carrying out specific activities for a certain period of time. They include proposed income and expenditures.


Actidose-Aqua
Norit
Charbon
Charcoal
CharcoAid
Actidose
Charcodote
Formocarbine
Kohle-Pulvis
Liqui-Char
Activated Charcoal
Carbomix
Adsorba
Kohle-Compretten
Insta-Char
CharcoCaps
Kohle-Tabletten Boxo-Pharm
Ultracarbon
Kohle-Hevert

An amorphous form of carbon prepared from the incomplete combustion of animal or vegetable matter, e.g., wood. The activated form of charcoal is used in the treatment of poisoning. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)


A genus of RED ALGAE in the family Rhodomelaceae. Some species are a rich source of chlorine-and bromine-containing metabolites which show significant antibacterial activity.


The volume of water filtered out of plasma through glomerular capillary walls into Bowman's capsules per unit of time. It is considered to be equivalent to INULIN clearance.


The complete summaries of the frequencies of the values or categories of a measurement made on a group of items, a population, or other collection of data. The distribution tells either how many or what proportion of the group was found to have each value (or each range of values) out of all the possible values that the quantitative measure can have.


A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)


A species of STAPHYLOCOCCUS similar to STAPHYLOCOCCUS HAEMOLYTICUS, but containing different esterases. The subspecies Staphylococcus hominis novobiosepticus is highly virulent and novobiocin resistant.


INFLAMMATION of LYMPH NODES in the MESENTERY.


The third type of glial cell, along with astrocytes and oligodendrocytes (which together form the macroglia). Microglia vary in appearance depending on developmental stage, functional state, and anatomical location; subtype terms include ramified, perivascular, ameboid, resting, and activated. Microglia clearly are capable of phagocytosis and play an important role in a wide spectrum of neuropathologies. They have also been suggested to act in several other roles including in secretion (e.g., of cytokines and neural growth factors), in immunological processing (e.g., antigen presentation), and in central nervous system development and remodeling.


Chylopericardium
Pericardial Effusion
Hemopericardium

Fluid accumulation within the PERICARDIUM. Serous effusions are associated with pericardial diseases. Hemopericardium is associated with trauma. Lipid-containing effusion (chylopericardium) results from leakage of THORACIC DUCT. Severe cases can lead to CARDIAC TAMPONADE.


Fields of inquiry in human constructs and concerns as opposed to natural processes and social relations. These are traditionally the study of literature, philosophy, and religion.


Organic silicon derivatives used to characterize hydroxysteroids, nucleosides, and related compounds. Trimethylsilyl esters of amino acids are used in peptide synthesis.


Combustion or burning in which substances combine chemically with oxygen typically giving out bright light, heat, and smoke.


Cola
Cola nitida
Kola Nut
Cola acuminata

A plant genus of the family STERCULIACEAE. This is the source of the kola nut which contains CAFFEINE and is used in popular beverages.


Toluenes in which one hydrogen of the methyl group is substituted by an amino group. Permitted are any substituents on the benzene ring or the amino group.


A form of exercise involving use of laughter and breathing exercises in order to improve physical and mental health.


Usually refers to planned scientific data-gathering excursions.


The continuation of the subclavian artery; it distributes over the upper limb, axilla, chest and shoulder.


Migration Policy
Social Protection
Social Policy
Public Policy
Population Policy
Affirmative Action

Programs or policies intended to correct the effect of past discrimination in employment, education, housing, etc.


CELL LINE derived from the ovary of the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus (CRICETULUS). The species is a favorite for cytogenetic studies because of its small chromosome number. The cell line has provided model systems for the study of genetic alterations in cultured mammalian cells.


A genus of anaerobic coccoid METHANOCOCCACEAE whose organisms are motile by means of polar tufts of flagella. These methanogens are found in salt marshes, marine and estuarine sediments, and the intestinal tract of animals.


The ability to acquire general or special types of knowledge or skill.


Antibodies that react with self-antigens (AUTOANTIGENS) of the organism that produced them.


Phenomenon that occurs when learning and memory abilities decrease naturally due to age.


A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.


A species of gram-positive bacteria isolated from MILK and cheese-starter cultures.


A genus of the subfamily TRIATOMINAE. Several species are vectors of TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI.


A belief or practice which lacks adequate basis for proof; an embodiment of fear of the unknown, magic, and ignorance.


Secretory cells of the ductless glands. They secrete HORMONES directly into the blood circulation (internal secretion) to be carried to the target cells. The secreted chemicals can be PEPTIDES; STEROIDS; NEUROPEPTIDES; or BIOGENIC AMINES.


An ethnic group with shared religious beliefs in PROTESTANISM. Originating in Switzerland in the late 1600s, and first migrating to the mid-Atlantic, they now live throughout Eastern and Mid-Western United States and elsewhere. Communities are usually close-knit and marriage is within the community.


Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.


Geographic area in which a professional person practices; includes primarily physicians and dentists.


The rhythmical expansion and contraction of an ARTERY produced by waves of pressure caused by the ejection of BLOOD from the left ventricle of the HEART as it contracts.


American Native Continental Ancestry Group

Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continents of the Americas.


A genus of surf clams in the family Mactridae, class BIVALVIA. They are often used in EMBRYOLOGY research.


Information that can be used to distinguish or trace an individual’s identity, either alone or when combined with other personal or identifying information that is linked or linkable to a specific individual.


A family of gram-negative, coccoid microorganisms, in the order CHLAMYDIALES, pathogenic for vertebrates. Genera include CHLAMYDIA and CHLAMYDOPHILA.


The discontinuation of transcription at the end of a transcription unit, including the recognition of termination sites and release of the newly synthesized RNA molecule.


A phylum of gram-negative bacteria containing seven class-level groups from a wide variety of environments. Most members are chemoheterotrophs.


A genus of free-living amoebae found in fresh water. The cysts usually pass harmlessly through the intestinal tract of man and may thus be found in feces. Occasionally, these organisms cause respiratory tract infections or generalized fatal meningoencephalitis.


Ventricular Septal Rupture
Ventricular Septal Perforation

Presence of a hole or holes in the ventricular septum.


A plant genus of the family VITACEAE. Cissus rufescence gum is considered comparable to TRAGACANTH.


The uptake of substances via the SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.


Field of study concerning MENTAL PROCESSES; LEARNING; and the brain regions associated with them.


Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus

Membrane glycoproteins from influenza viruses which are involved in hemagglutination, virus attachment, and envelope fusion. Fourteen distinct subtypes of HA glycoproteins and nine of NA glycoproteins have been identified from INFLUENZA A VIRUS; no subtypes have been identified for Influenza B or Influenza C viruses.


Moral Policy
Metaethics
Natural Law
Egoism
Ethics
Situational Ethics
Ethical Issues

The ethical doctrine that morality has its foundations in self-interest. Also, excessive preoccupation with one's own well-being and interests.


Proteins that take part in the formation or structure of TIGHT JUNCTIONS.


A composition in prose or verse presenting in dialogue or pantomime a story involving various characters, usually intended to be acted on a stage and to be regarded as a form of entertainment. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)


Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.


Precose
Glucor
Bay g 5421
Glumida
Prandase
Acarbose
Glucobay

An inhibitor of ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASES that retards the digestion and absorption of DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES in the SMALL INTESTINE.


A genus of RNA protozoan viruses of the family TOTIVIRIDAE. It infects many isolates of the flagellated protozoan human parasite G. lamblia, but does not seem to be associated with the virulence of the parasite. The type species is Giardia lamblia virus.


Stable cesium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element cesium, but differ in atomic weight. Cs-133 is a naturally occurring isotope.


A measurement of the thickness of the carotid artery walls. It is measured by B-mode ULTRASONOGRAPHY and is used as a surrogate marker for ATHEROSCLEROSIS.


A climate characterized by COLD TEMPERATURE for a majority of the time during the year.


Substances that eliminate free radicals. Among other effects, they protect PANCREATIC ISLETS against damage by CYTOKINES and prevent myocardial and pulmonary REPERFUSION INJURY.


Superorder of dicot plants in the class MAGNOLIOPSIDA.


Stable sodium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element sodium, but differ in atomic weight. Na-23 is a stable sodium isotope.


A condition characterized by a reticular or fishnet pattern on the skin of lower extremities and other parts of the body. This red and blue pattern is due to deoxygenated blood in unstable dermal blood vessels. The condition is intensified by cold exposure and relieved by rewarming.


A plant genus of the family LYTHRACEAE. Members contain lagertannin and have hypoglycemic effects.


Functional Brain Imaging
Functional Neuroimaging

Methods for visualizing REGIONAL BLOOD FLOW, metabolic, electrical, or other physiological activities in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM using various imaging modalities.


A benign tumor that consists chiefly of fibrous CONNECTIVE TISSUE, with variable numbers of MUSCLE CELLS forming portions of the neoplasm (From Stedman's, 27th ed).


Chronic, localized granulomatous infection of mucocutaneous tissues, especially the NOSE, and characterized by HYPERPLASIA and the development of POLYPS. It is found in humans and other animals and is caused by the mesomycetozoean organism RHINOSPORIDIUM SEEBERI.


A salivary gland on each side of the mouth below the TONGUE.


A diverticulum from the fourth pharyngeal pouch of an embryo, regarded by some as a rudimentary fifth pharyngeal pouch and by others as a lateral thyroid primordium. The ultimobranchial bodies of lower vertebrates contain large amounts of calcitonin. In mammals the bodies fuse with the thyroid gland and are thought to develop into the parafollicular cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)


Distinctive neoplastic disorders of histiocytes. Included are malignant neoplasms of MACROPHAGES and DENDRITIC CELLS.


Measurement of the blood pressure of the retinal vessels. It is used also for the determination of the near point of convergence (CONVERGENCE, OCULAR). (From Cline, et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)


A species of parasitic nematode that is the largest found in the human intestine. Its distribution is worldwide, but it is more prevalent in areas of poor sanitation. Human infection with A. lumbricoides is acquired by swallowing fully embryonated eggs from contaminated soil.


A species of trematode blood flukes of the family Schistosomatidae. It is common in the Nile delta. The intermediate host is the planorbid snail. This parasite causes schistosomiasis mansoni and intestinal bilharziasis.


Proteins found in the PERIPLASM of organisms with cell walls.


A group of cells that includes FIBROBLASTS, cartilage cells, ADIPOCYTES, smooth muscle cells, and bone cells.


A cyclin A subtype primarily found in male GERM CELLS. It may play a role in the passage of SPERMATOCYTES into meiosis I.


A genus of gram-negative gliding bacteria found in SOIL; HUMUS; and FRESHWATER and marine habitats.


The adaptation of drug administration to the known variations in biological RHYTHMICITY, such as CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS. The treatment is aimed at supporting normal rhythms, or modifying the timing of therapy to achieve maximal efficacy and minimal adverse effect.


A genus of facultatively anaerobic heterotrophic archaea, in the order THERMOPLASMALES, isolated from self-heating coal refuse piles and acid hot springs. They are thermophilic and can grow both with and without sulfur.


An area approximately 1.5 millimeters in diameter within the macula lutea where the retina thins out greatly because of the oblique shifting of all layers except the pigment epithelium layer. It includes the sloping walls of the fovea (clivus) and contains a few rods in its periphery. In its center (foveola) are the cones most adapted to yield high visual acuity, each cone being connected to only one ganglion cell. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)


A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the ulnar nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C7 to T1), travel via the medial cord of the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the hand and forearm.


A genus of free-living soil amoebae that produces no flagellate stage. Its organisms are pathogens for several infections in humans and have been found in the eye, bone, brain, and respiratory tract.


BONE SCREWS to be used in the pedicle of the vertebral arch.


A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic rods occurring singly or occasionally in rosettes. Members of this genus are usually motile and are isolated from soil, dust, fresh water, lake sediments, leaf surfaces, rice, air, and hospital environments. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)


A superfamily of parasitic nematodes which were formerly considered a part of TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA. It includes the following genera: Heligmosomum, NEMATOSPIROIDES, and NIPPOSTRONGYLUS. The hosts are rodents.


A 25-kDa peptidase produced by Staphylococcus simulans which cleaves a glycine-glcyine bond unique to an inter-peptide cross-bridge of the STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS cell wall.


The presence of bacteria in the urine which is normally bacteria-free. These bacteria are from the URINARY TRACT and are not contaminants of the surrounding tissues. Bacteriuria can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Significant bacteriuria is an indicator of urinary tract infection.


The sequence in which children are born into the family.


A group of nitrogen mustard compounds which are substituted with a phosphoramide group or its derivatives. They are usually cytotoxic and used as antineoplastic agents.


Inorganic or organic compounds that contain sulfur as an integral part of the molecule.


A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.


A saccharolytic species of gram-negative bacteria in the family Prevotellaceae. It ferments a wide range of CARBOHYDRATES in the RUMEN of animals.


Grants and Subsidies, Health Planning
Health Planning Support
Subsidies, Health Planning

Financial resources provided for activities related to health planning and development.


Ependymal derivative located at the junction of the THIRD VENTRICLE and the CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT; and the SOMATOSTATIN SECRETING CELLS.


Stuttering, Developmental
Stuttering, Adult
Stuttering
Stuttering, Acquired
Stuttering, Childhood
Stuttering, Familial Persistent 1
Stammering

A disturbance in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech that is inappropriate for the individual's age. This disturbance is characterized by frequent repetitions or prolongations of sounds or syllables. Various other types of speech dysfluencies may also be involved including interjections, broken words, audible or silent blocking, circumlocutions, words produced with an excess of physical tension, and monosyllabic whole word repetitions. Stuttering may occur as a developmental condition in childhood or as an acquired disorder which may be associated with BRAIN INFARCTIONS and other BRAIN DISEASES. (From DSM-IV, 1994)


Phosphoric acid esters of inositol. They include mono- and polyphosphoric acid esters, with the exception of inositol hexaphosphate which is PHYTIC ACID.


Diseases of Old World and New World monkeys. This term includes diseases of baboons but not of chimpanzees or gorillas (= APE DISEASES).


A genus of brown-rot fungi in the family Coriolaceae. The biologically active ingredients of its species have potential pharmaceutical value.


The development of anatomical structures to create the form of a single- or multi-cell organism. Morphogenesis provides form changes of a part, parts, or the whole organism.


Pollutants, present in water or bodies of water, which exhibit radioactivity.


An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of prephenate to p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate in the presence of NAD. In the enteric bacteria, this enzyme also possesses chorismate mutase activity, thereby catalyzing the first two steps in the biosynthesis of tyrosine. EC 1.3.1.12.


A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae. Its GLUTAMATE DEHYDROGENASE is commonly used in research.


The posture of an individual supported by the knees and chest resting on a table.


Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of six (6) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.


Stable strontium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element strontium, but differ in the atomic weight. Sr-84, 86, 87, and 88 are the stable strontium isotopes.


The surgical removal of the inner contents of the eye, leaving the sclera intact. It should be differentiated from ORBIT EVISCERATION which removes the entire contents of the orbit, including eyeball, blood vessels, muscles, fat, nerve supply, and periosteum.


The craniosacral division of the autonomic nervous system. The cell bodies of the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are in brain stem nuclei and in the sacral spinal cord. They synapse in cranial autonomic ganglia or in terminal ganglia near target organs. The parasympathetic nervous system generally acts to conserve resources and restore homeostasis, often with effects reciprocal to the sympathetic nervous system.


Vitreous Detachment
Posterior Vitreous Detachment

Detachment of the corpus vitreum (VITREOUS BODY) from its normal attachments, especially the retina, due to shrinkage from degenerative or inflammatory conditions, trauma, myopia, or senility.


Amino acid sequence in which two disulfide bonds (DISULFIDES) and their connecting backbone form a ring that is penetrated by a third disulfide bond. Members include CYCLOTIDES and agouti-related protein.


The desire for FOOD generated by a sensation arising from the lack of food in the STOMACH.


Oil derived from fruits of the coconut plant, COCOS NUCIFERA.


Inorganic or organic compounds that contain boron as an integral part of the molecule.


Surgical construction of an opening into the CECUM with a tube through the ABDOMINAL WALL (tube cecostomy) or by skin level approach, in which the cecum is sewn to the surrounding PERITONEUM. Its primary purpose is decompression of colonic obstruction.


A benign neoplasm composed of a mixture of adipose tissue and blood vessels. (Dorland, 27th ed)


The period of cyclic physiological and behavior changes in non-primate female mammals that exhibit ESTRUS. The estrous cycle generally consists of 4 or 5 distinct periods corresponding to the endocrine status (PROESTRUS; ESTRUS; METESTRUS; DIESTRUS; and ANESTRUS).


A condition of less than normal MILK secretion.


A group of SESQUITERPENES and their analogs that contain a peroxide group (PEROXIDES) within an oxepin ring (OXEPINS).


The lung volume at which the dependent lung zones cease to ventilate presumably as a result of airway closure.


Brassica juncea
Mustard Plant
Mustard
Brassica nigra

Any of several BRASSICA species that are commonly called mustard. Brassica juncea is brown or Chinese mustard, and Brassica nigra is black, brown, or red mustard. The plant is grown both for mustard seed from which oil is extracted or used as SPICES, and for its greens used as VEGETABLES or ANIMAL FEED. There is no relationship to MUSTARD COMPOUNDS. A species from a related genus SINAPIS ALBA is white mustard.


A pyridoxal-phosphate protein that catalyzes the conversion of L-tyrosine to tyramine and carbon dioxide. The bacterial enzyme also acts on 3-hydroxytyrosine and, more slowly, on 3-hydroxyphenylalanine. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.1.1.25.


The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed)


Destruction by passage of a galvanic electric current, as in disintegration of a chemical compound in solution.


Compounds with two BENZENE rings fused to AZEPINES.


The periodic shedding of the ENDOMETRIUM and associated menstrual bleeding in the MENSTRUAL CYCLE of humans and primates. Menstruation is due to the decline in circulating PROGESTERONE, and occurs at the late LUTEAL PHASE when LUTEOLYSIS of the CORPUS LUTEUM takes place.


Circular, double-stranded DNA viruses that invade giant DNA viruses (GIANT VIRUSES) which infect eukaryotes.


A genus of bacteria capable of developing within other bacteria.


Congenital or acquired structural abnormalities of the lymphatic system (LYMPHOID TISSUE) including the lymph vessels.


A type of climate characterized by insufficient moisture to support appreciable plant life. It is a climate of extreme aridity, usually of extreme heat, and of negligible rainfall. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)


Peptides derived from pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) which can stimulate MELANOCYTES or CORTICOTROPHS. Melanocortins include ACTH; ALPHA-MSH; and other peptides such as BETA-MSH and GAMMA-MSH, derived from other fragments of POMC. These peptides act through a variety of MELANOCORTIN RECEPTORS to control different functions including steroidogenesis, energy homeostasis, feeding, and skin pigmentation.


Halogenated anti-infective agent that is used against trematode and cestode infestations.


A derivative of phenethylamine containing two substituent methoxy groups in the phenyl ring.


A food group comprised of EDIBLE PLANTS or their parts.


Measurement of cells' substrate utilization and biosynthetic output for modeling of METABOLIC NETWORKS.


The study of the conformation of the skull as indicative of mental faculties and traits of character, especially according to the hypothesis of F. J. Gall (1758-1828). (Webster 3d ed)


A mixture of several dental waxes, usually containing paraffin wax, ceresin, beeswax, resins, and other natural and synthetic waxes. It is used for making patterns to determine the shape of the metallic framework and other parts of removable partial dentures. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p868)


A mixture of alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine, found in SOLANACEAE plants.


A diverse genus of minute freshwater CRUSTACEA, of the suborder CLADOCERA. They are a major food source for both young and adult freshwater fish.


A bacterium causing tuberculosis in domestic fowl and other birds. In pigs, it may cause localized and sometimes disseminated disease. The organism occurs occasionally in sheep and cattle. It should be distinguished from the M. avium complex, which infects primarily humans.


A basidiomycetous fungal genus of the family Agaricaceae, order Agaricales, which includes the field mushroom (A. campestris) and the commercial mushroom (A. bisporus).


Either of the pair of hard processes, including ANTLERS, that consist of a BONE core surrounded by a middle KERATIN layer which is in turn covered by EPIDERMIS. They grow from the upper portion of the head of many RUMINANTS.


A group of proteins that associate with DYSTROPHIN at the CELL MEMBRANE to form the DYSTROPHIN-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN COMPLEX.


A superfamily of nematodes whose members are free-living saprophytes or parasites of plants. Ova are sometimes found in human feces after ingestion of infected plants.


A class of inorganic or organic compounds that contain the borohydride (BH4-) anion.


A genus of gram-negative bacteria which are obligately intracellular endosymbionts of APHIDS. The bacteria are found within specialized cells in the aphid body cavity.


Deficiency of sodium in the blood; salt depletion. (Dorland, 27th ed)


A genus of obligately aerobic marine phototrophic and chemoorganotrophic bacteria, in the family RHODOBACTERACEAE.


A genus of bacteria that form a nonfragmented aerial mycelium. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. This genus is responsible for producing a majority of the ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS of practical value.


A form of LYNCH SYNDROME II associated with cutaneous SEBACEOUS GLAND NEOPLASMS. Muir-Torre syndrome is also associated with other visceral malignant diseases include colorectal, endometrial, urological, and upper gastrointestinal neoplasms.


The design or use of pharmaceutical agents that act on multiple targets or disease pathways.


Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.


Potyviridae Bymovirus Ipomovirus Tritimovirus Rymovirus Macluravirus

A family of RNA plant viruses with flexuous, filamentous particles and consisting of six genera: POTYVIRUS; Ipomovirus; Macluravirus; Rymovirus; Tritimovirus; and Bymovirus. All members of the family form cytoplasmic cylindrical inclusion bodies during infection.


Toxic, possibly carcinogenic, monomer of neoprene, a synthetic rubber; causes damage to skin, lungs, CNS, kidneys, liver, blood cells and fetuses. Synonym: 2-chlorobutadiene.


A mitosporic fungal genus frequently found in soil and on wood. It is sometimes used for controlling pathogenic fungi. Its teleomorph is HYPOCREA.


A species of Streptococcus that occurs in the human oral cavity and upper respiratory tract. It is a constituent of DENTAL PLAQUE and some strains may be pathogenic if they enter the bloodstream. However, other strains such as Streptococcus salivarius K12 produce BACTERIOCINS and are used as PROBIOTICS.


Physical resistance to motion between dental surfaces.


A physiological phenomenon of BONE TRANSPLANTATION, whereby the new graft matrix configures a scaffold on which cells in the recipient form new bone.


A species of Lactobacillus that occurs in FERMENTED FOODS AND BEVERAGES where its ability to produce LACTIC ACID; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; and BACTERIOCINS make it useful as a FOOD PRESERVATION agent. It is also used as a PROBIOTIC.


Subtotal or complete excision of the alveolar process of the maxilla or mandible. (Dorland, 28th ed)


Common Good
Obligations of Society
Social Justice
Justice


A series of actions, sometimes symbolic actions which may be associated with a behavior pattern, and are often indispensable to its performance.


Peptides that inhibit mitosis (ANTIMITOTICS). During the 1960's the term referred to crude extracts that inhibited cell proliferation; the activity was later attributed to PYROGLUTAMATE type oligopeptides.


A cold infusion of tar in water, formerly regarded as a cure-all. (Webster, 3d ed)


An asymptomatic, autosomal dominant trait in which pea-sized sclerotic spots, prominent in the metaphyseal area, are accompanied by unique cutaneous lesions. These are yellowish papules or plaques with increased elastin content. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, pp1434-35)


An anchoring junction of the cell to a non-cellular substrate, similar in morphology to halves of DESMOSOMES. They are composed of specialized areas of the plasma membrane where INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS bind on the cytoplasmic face to the transmembrane linkers, INTEGRINS, via intracellular attachment proteins, while the extracellular domain of the integrins binds to EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS.


A highly contagious disease characterized by subconjunctival hemorrhage, sudden swelling of the eyelids and congestion, redness, and pain in the eye. Epidemic conjunctivitis caused by Enterovirus 70 (EV-70) was first described in Africa in 1969. It is caused also by Coxsackievirus A24 variant (CA24v). Epidemics by this organism have appeared most frequently in Asia.


Three-carbon cycloparaffin cyclopropane (the structural formula (CH2)3) and its derivatives.


Compounds with four adjacent carbons joined by double bonds.


The outermost cell envelope of GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA composed of PHOSPHOLIPIDS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES (LPS), and BACTERIAL OUTER MEMBRANE PROTEINS. The bacterial outer membrane LPS demonstrates cytotoxicity (see LIPID A and BACTERIAL O ANTIGEN).


Non-susceptibility of an organism to the action of the cephalosporins.


A genus of crescent-shaped algae in the family Closteriaceae, order DESMIDIALES.


A double-walled capsule found in jellyfish and other CNIDARIA whose functions include prey capture, defense, locomotion, and attachment. Nematocysts contain toxic CNIDARIAN VENOMS which are injected into the victim via a barbed tubule.


Salts and esters of the 10-carbon monocarboxylic acid-decanoic acid.


A true cyst of the PANCREAS, distinguished from the much more common PANCREATIC PSEUDOCYST by possessing a lining of mucous EPITHELIUM. Pancreatic cysts are categorized as congenital, retention, neoplastic, parasitic, enterogenous, or dermoid. Congenital cysts occur more frequently as solitary cysts but may be multiple. Retention cysts are gross enlargements of PANCREATIC DUCTS secondary to ductal obstruction. (From Bockus Gastroenterology, 4th ed, p4145)


A low number of circulating cells transferred from one individual to another. This often refers to fetal cells persisting in the material circulation and may play a role in the pathogenesis of AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.


A branch of the facial (7th cranial) nerve which passes through the middle ear and continues through the petrotympanic fissure. The chorda tympani nerve carries taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and conveys parasympathetic efferents to the salivary glands.


Milk Fluoridation
Fluoridation
Water Fluoridation
Salt Fluoridation

Practice of adding fluoride to water, and other food or beverages, for the purpose of preventing tooth decay and tooth cavities.


An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.


Personal names, given or surname, as cultural characteristics, as ethnological or religious patterns, as indications of the geographic distribution of families and inbreeding, etc. Analysis of isonymy, the quality of having the same or similar names, is useful in the study of population genetics. NAMES is used also for the history of names or name changes of corporate bodies, such as medical societies, universities, hospitals, government agencies, etc.


A family of anaerobic METHANOCOCCALES whose organisms are motile by means of flagella. These methanogens use carbon dioxide as an electron acceptor.


A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.


An order of basidiomycetous fungi; some species are parasitic on grasses (POACEAE) and maize.


Papilloma, Squamous Cell
Papilloma
Papillomatosis

A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)


Electrically neutral elementary particles found in all atomic nuclei except light hydrogen; the mass is equal to that of the proton and electron combined and they are unstable when isolated from the nucleus, undergoing beta decay. Slow, thermal, epithermal, and fast neutrons refer to the energy levels with which the neutrons are ejected from heavier nuclei during their decay.


A family of bacteria ranging from free living and saprophytic to parasitic and pathogenic forms.


Blastocyst Culture Techniques
Embryo Culture Techniques

The technique of maintaining or growing mammalian EMBRYOS in vitro. This method offers an opportunity to observe EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT; METABOLISM; and susceptibility to TERATOGENS.


Products made by baking or firing nonmetallic minerals (clay and similar materials). In making dental restorations or parts of restorations the material is fused porcelain. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed & Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)


Centers for storing various parts of the eye for future use.


This discipline concerns the study of SEXUALITY, and the application of sexual knowledge such as sexual attitudes, psychology, and SEXUAL BEHAVIOR. Scope of application generally includes educational (SEX EDUCATION), clinical (SEX COUNSELING), and other settings.


A legal concept for individuals who are designated to act on behalf of persons who are considered incapable of acting in their own behalf, e.g., minors and persons found to be not mentally competent.


Intensely discomforting, distressful, or agonizing sensation associated with trauma or disease, with well-defined location, character, and timing.


Programs of study which span the traditional boundaries of academic scholarship.


A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria capable of reducing sulfur compounds to hydrogen sulfide. Organisms are isolated from anaerobic mud of fresh and salt water, animal intestines, manure, and feces.


A centrally acting muscle relaxant with a short duration of action.


A plant species of the genus CITRUS, family RUTACEAE that provides the familiar lime fruit. Its common name of lime is similar to the limetree (TILIA).


A species of MYXOSPOREA that causes whirling disease in salmonids.


Computers that combine the functions of analog and digital computers. (Sippl, Computer Dictionary, 4th ed)


A genus of FUNGI, in the family Amblyosporidae, which is a parasite of MOSQUITOES.


Implants used in arthroscopic surgery and other orthopedic procedures to attach soft tissue to bone. One end of a suture is tied to soft tissue and the other end to the implant. The anchors are made of a variety of materials including titanium, stainless steel, or absorbable polymers.


An actin capping protein that binds to the pointed-end of ACTIN. It functions in the presence of TROPOMYOSIN to inhibit microfilament elongation.


Undertaking a task involving a challenge for achievement or a desirable goal in which there is a lack of certainty or a fear of failure. It may also include the exhibiting of certain behaviors whose outcomes may present a risk to the individual or to those associated with him or her.


Genus in the family FELIDAE comprised of small felines including the domestic cat, Felis catus (CATS) and its ancestor the wild cat, Felis silvestris.


A subclass of enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of a methyl group from one compound to another. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 2.1.1.


Inorganic compounds that contain potassium as an integral part of the molecule.


A vein which arises from the right ascending lumbar vein or the vena cava, enters the thorax through the aortic orifice in the diaphragm, and terminates in the superior vena cava.


The indelible marking of TISSUES, primarily SKIN, by pricking it with NEEDLES to imbed various COLORING AGENTS. Tattooing of the CORNEA is done to colorize LEUKOMA spots.


Laboratory examination used to monitor and evaluate platelet function in a patient's blood.


Kenacort A
Triamcinolone Acetonide
Kenalog
Cinonide
Tricort-40
Kenalog 40
Azmacort

An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.


The cell center, consisting of a pair of CENTRIOLES surrounded by a cloud of amorphous material called the pericentriolar region. During interphase, the centrosome nucleates microtubule outgrowth. The centrosome duplicates and, during mitosis, separates to form the two poles of the mitotic spindle (MITOTIC SPINDLE APPARATUS).


Skills in the use of language which lead to proficiency in written or spoken communication.


Multinucleate cells or a stage in the development of sporozoan protozoa. It is exemplified by the life cycle of PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM in the MALARIA infection cycle.


A CELL LINE derived from human T-CELL LEUKEMIA and used to determine the mechanism of differential susceptibility to anti-cancer drugs and radiation.


Catalytically active enzymes that are formed by the combination of an apoenzyme (APOENZYMES) and its appropriate cofactors and prosthetic groups.


A bacterial genus of the order ACTINOMYCETALES.


The immature stage in the life cycle of those orders of insects characterized by gradual metamorphosis, in which the young resemble the imago in general form of body, including compound eyes and external wings; also the 8-legged stage of mites and ticks that follows the first moult.


The part of the foot between the tarsa and the TOES.


A species of ALPHAVIRUS isolated in central, eastern, and southern Africa.


Movement of internal organs due to physiological processes.


Neurons that fire when an animal acts or observes the same action of another thus coding the motor response. They were originally discovered in the premotor and parietal cortex of the monkey and studies have shown that neurons that have a similar mechanism are present in humans. Mirror neurons are theorized to be related to social cognition.


Headgear, Orthodontic
Face Bow, Orthodontic
Extraoral Traction Appliances
Chincap, Orthodontic

Extraoral devices for applying force to the dentition in order to avoid some of the problems in anchorage control met with in intermaxillary traction and to apply force in directions not otherwise possible.


A family of marine, gram-negative PROTEOBACTERIA including the genera ALTEROMONAS; Colwellia; Idiomarina; MARINOBACTER; MORITELLA; PSEUDOALTEROMONAS; and SHEWANELLA.


An auditory orientation mechanism involving the emission of high frequency sounds which are reflected back to the emitter (animal).


A very hard, gray, toxic, and nearly infusible metal element, atomic number 76, atomic weight 190.2, symbol Os.


The branch of physics which deals with the motions of material bodies, including kinematics, dynamics, and statics. When the laws of mechanics are applied to living structures, as to the locomotor system, it is referred to as BIOMECHANICAL PHENOMENA. (From Dorland, 28th ed)


Tibial Nerve
Posterior Tibial Nerve
Medial Plantar Nerve

The medial terminal branch of the sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve fibers originate in lumbar and sacral spinal segments (L4 to S2). They supply motor and sensory innervation to parts of the calf and foot.


A genus of large SEA CUCUMBERS possessing the primitive radial configuration of podia in all five ambulacral areas.


Caldesmon (77)
Calmodulin-Binding Proteins
Calspectin
Caldesmon
CaM-BP(80)

Proteins which bind calmodulin. They are found in many tissues and have a variety of functions including F-actin cross-linking properties, inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and calcium and magnesium ATPases.


Sialoglycopeptides Sialoglycoproteins Polysialoglycoproteins Sialoproteins

Glycoproteins which contain sialic acid as one of their carbohydrates. They are often found on or in the cell or tissue membranes and participate in a variety of biological activities.


Isordil
Isosorbide Dinitrate
Isoket
Isotrate
Isomak R
Nitrosorbide
Cardonit 40
Sorbonit
Isodinit
Iso-Bid
Isoket Retard-120
Dilatrate
Sorbitrate

A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.


A purine nucleoside that has hypoxanthine linked by the N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is an intermediate in the degradation of purines and purine nucleosides to uric acid and in pathways of purine salvage. It also occurs in the anticodon of certain transfer RNA molecules. (Dorland, 28th ed)


An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.


Family of slender threadlike aquatic plants, in the order CHARALES, phylum STREPTOPHYTA, that are closely related to LAND PLANTS.


Duty to Recontact
Recontact
Duty to Follow Up

The ethical and/or legal obligation of a health provider or researcher to communicate with a former patient or research subject about advances in research relevant to a treatment or to a genetic or other diagnostic test provided earlier, or about proposed new uses of blood or tissue samples taken in the past for another purpose.


An index for monitoring the accumulation of lipids based on the WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE measurement and the level of TRIGLYCERIDES circulating in the blood.


Infections with unicellular organisms formerly members of the subkingdom Protozoa. The infections may be experimental or veterinary.


Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)


Works about representations, normally to scale and on a flat medium, of a selection of material or abstract features on the surface of the earth, the heavens, or celestial bodies.


Infection by roundworms of the superfamily TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA, including the genera TRICHOSTRONGYLUS; OSTERTAGIA; Cooperia, HAEMONCHUS; Nematodirus, Hyostrongylus, and DICTYOCAULUS.


A trivalent radioactive element and the prototypical member of the actinide family. It has the atomic symbol Ac, and atomic number 89. Its principal isotope is 227 and it decays primarily by beta-emission.


A potent vasoactive agent that dilates cerebral and coronary arteries, but slightly constricts femoral arteries, without any effects on heart rate, blood pressure or cardiac output.


A broad class of substances encompassing all those that do not include carbon and its derivatives as their principal elements. However, carbides, carbonates, cyanides, cyanates, and carbon disulfide are included in this class.


Streptococcus milleri Group
Streptococcus milleri

A subset of VIRIDANS STREPTOCOCCI, but the species in this group differ in their hemolytic pattern and diseases caused. These species are often beta-hemolytic and produce pyogenic infections.


Intermittent Urethral Catheterization
Clean Intermittent Catheterization
Urethral Self-Catheterization

Insertion of a catheter into the urethra to drain the urine from the bladder at intervals as needed using clean techniques and disposable or cleansed reusable catheters as opposed to using asceptic technique with sterile catheters and disinfecting lubricants.


Aid for consistent recording of data such as tasks completed and observations noted.


The process whereby a representation of past experience is elicited.


Inorganic salts of the hypothetical acid, H3Fe(CN)6.


A genus of gram-negative, strictly aerobic chemoorganotrophic bacteria, in the family COMAMONADACEAE.


A method which uses specific precipitation reactions to separate or collect substances from a solution.


A surgical device designed for retaining a hernia in a reduced state within the abdominal cavity.


Devices that provide support for tubular structures that are being anastomosed or for body cavities during skin grafting.


Purines attached to a RIBOSE and a phosphate that can polymerize to form DNA and RNA.


Estrogen Receptor Antagonists
Estradiol Receptor Antagonists

Compounds and drugs that bind to and block or inhibit the activation of ESTROGEN RECEPTORS.


Housing subsidized by tax funds, usually intended for low income persons or families.


An acute infectious disease primarily of the tropics, caused by a virus and transmitted to man by mosquitoes of the genera Aedes and Haemagogus. The severe form is characterized by fever, HEMOLYTIC JAUNDICE, and renal damage.


Law Enforcement Officers
Police Force
Police Officers
Police

Agents of the law charged with the responsibility of maintaining and enforcing law and order among the citizenry.


An inhibitor of the last step of noradrenaline biosynthesis.


A genus of ciliate protozoa that is often large enough to be seen by the naked eye. Paramecia are commonly used in genetic, cytological, and other research.


Pneumorrhachis, Epidural
Pneumorrhachis, Subarachnoid
Pneumorrhachis

Presence of air or gas within the spinal canal cavity (EPIDURAL SPACE; or SUBARACHNOID SPACE). It may result from traumatic injuries, emphysema, infection and other conditions. It can also develop as a complication of various SURGICAL PROCEDURES (e.g., MYELOGRAPHY).


A detailed review and evaluation of selected clinical records by qualified professional personnel to improve the quality of patient care and outcomes. The clinical audit was formally introduced in 1993 into the United Kingdom's National Health Service.


Any purulent skin disease (Dorland, 27th ed).


A family of lipid-containing bacteriophages with double capsids which infect both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It has one genus, Tectivirus.


A plant genus of the family CONVOLVULACEAE. Members contain bonaspectins (tetrahydrofuran-type sesqui-lignans).


A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped to ellipsoidal bacteria occurring singly or in pairs and found in flowers, soil, honey bees, fruits, cider, beer, wine, and vinegar. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)


A species of gram negative, aerobic, denitrifying bacteria in the genus ACHROMOBACTER.


Street People
Homelessness
Homeless Persons

Persons who have no permanent residence. The concept excludes nomadic peoples.


An intermediate in the pathway of coenzyme A formation in mammalian liver and some microorganisms.


A protozoan parasite causing tropical theileriasis in cattle. It is transmitted by ticks of the Hyalomma genus.


Extracts prepared from placental tissue; they may contain specific but uncharacterized factors or proteins with specific activities.


Distensibility measure of a chamber such as the lungs (LUNG COMPLIANCE) or bladder. Compliance is expressed as a change in volume per unit change in pressure.


Hydrazines substituted by one or more methyl groups in any position.


Glycosides from plants of the genus DIGITALIS. Some of these are useful as cardiotonic and anti-arrhythmia agents. Included also are semi-synthetic derivatives of the naturally occurring glycosides. The term has sometimes been used more broadly to include all CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES, but here is restricted to those related to Digitalis.


Althesin
Saffan
Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture
Alphadione
Alfatesine
Glaxovet
Alfathesin
CT-1341
Alphathesin

A 3:1 mixture of alfaxalone with alfadolone acetate that previously had been used as a general anesthetic. It is no longer actively marketed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1445)


A plant genus of the family Apocynaceae. It is a source of periplocosides (pregnane steroid glycosides).


Family of antimicrobial peptides that have been identified in humans, animals, and plants. They are thought to play a role in host defenses against infections, inflammation, wound repair, and acquired immunity.


A disease of the horny parts and of the adjacent soft structures of the feet of cattle, swine, and sheep. It is usually caused by Corynebacterium pyogenes or Bacteroides nodosus (see DICHELOBACTER NODOSUS). It is also known as interdigital necrobacillosis. (From Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 18th ed)


Unstable isotopes of xenon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Xe atoms with atomic weights 121-123, 125, 127, 133, 135, 137-145 are radioactive xenon isotopes.


Evaluation of the degree of acceptance for the immediate variables associated with a procedure or program designed to change behavior. This includes the social significance of the goals of treatment, the social appropriateness of the treatment procedures, and the social importance of the effects of treatments.


A value equal to the total volume flow divided by the cross-sectional area of the vascular bed.


Periplasmic proteins that scavenge or sense diverse nutrients. In the bacterial environment they usually couple to transporters or chemotaxis receptors on the inner bacterial membrane.


Population Register
Registries
Parish Registers

The systems and processes involved in the establishment, support, management, and operation of registers, e.g., disease registers.


A group of diterpenoid CYCLODECANES named for the taxanes that were discovered in the TAXUS tree. The action on MICROTUBULES has made some of them useful as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS.


A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the median nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C6 to T1), travel via the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the forearm and hand.


An ulcerative pyoderma usually caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection at the site of minor trauma. (Dorland, 27th ed)


Measurement of the index of refraction (the ratio of the velocity of light or other radiation in the first of two media to its velocity in the second as it passes from one into the other).


Cytoplasmic hyaline inclusions in HEPATOCYTES. They are associated with ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS and non-alcoholic STEATOHEPATITIS, but are also present in benign and malignant hepatocellular neoplasms, and metabolic, toxic, and chronic cholestatic LIVER DISEASES.


Any derivative of BENZENE that contains IODINE.


Tissue Microarray Analysis
Tissue Array Analysis
Cell Array Analysis
Cell Microarray Analysis

The simultaneous analysis of multiple samples of TISSUES or CELLS from BIOPSY or in vitro culture that have been arranged in an array format on slides or microchips.


A genus of anaerobic, irregular spheroid-shaped METHANOSARCINALES whose organisms are nonmotile. Endospores are not formed. These archaea derive energy via formation of methane from acetate, methanol, mono-, di-, and trimethylamine, and possibly, carbon monoxide. Organisms are isolated from freshwater and marine environments.


The fluid excreted by the SWEAT GLANDS. It consists of water containing sodium chloride, phosphate, urea, ammonia, and other waste products.


A family of alicyclic hydrocarbons containing an amine group with the general formula R-C6H10NH2.


Enzymes belonging to the class of GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASES which break down DISACCHARIDES into simpler sugars, MONOSACCHARIDES.


Neuromuscular Blockade Monitoring
Neuromuscular Monitoring
Train-of-Four Monitoring

Measuring the response of a muscle to four consecutive stimuli delivered along the path of the muscle's innervating nerve to test the level of NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKADE.


Cyclopentanophenanthrenes with a 6-membered lactone ring attached at the 17-position and SUGARS attached at the 3-position. They are found in BUFONIDAE and often possess cardiotonic properties.


Invertebrate organisms that live on or in another organism (the host), and benefit at the expense of the other. Traditionally excluded from definition of parasites are pathogenic BACTERIA; FUNGI; VIRUSES; and PLANTS; though they may live parasitically.


Lack of correspondence between the way a stimulus is commonly perceived and the way an individual perceives it under given conditions.


Behavioral science applied with the aim of improving socially important issues such as behavior problems and learning. For individuals diagnosed with intellectual and developmental disabilities including AUTISM, techniques can be categorized as comprehensive or focused.


Binary compounds of oxygen containing the anion O(2-). The anion combines with metals to form alkaline oxides and non-metals to form acidic oxides.


A family of very small viruses containing circular, single-stranded DNA and possessing no envelope. The modes of transmission are not known.


A highly chlorinated polycyclic hydrocarbon insecticide whose large number of chlorine atoms makes it resistant to degradation. It has been shown to be toxic to mammals and causes abnormal cellular changes in laboratory animals.


A genus of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria found in soil and water. Its organisms occur singly, in pairs or irregular clumps, and sometimes in chains of varying lengths.


Abnormal passage in any organ of the biliary tract or between biliary organs and other organs.


A cell surface glycoprotein of endothelial cells that binds thrombin and serves as a cofactor in the activation of protein C and its regulation of blood coagulation.


An assessment of a person's personality based on their facial and other external features.


The use of wings or wing-like appendages to remain aloft and move through the air.


A fistula between a salivary duct or gland and the cutaneous surface of the oral cavity.


A voluntary organization concerned with the prevention and treatment of heart and vascular diseases.


The interval between two successive CELL DIVISIONS during which the CHROMOSOMES are not individually distinguishable. It is composed of the G phases (G1 PHASE; G0 PHASE; G2 PHASE) and S PHASE (when DNA replication occurs).


Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction.


A SOMATOSTATIN-secreting tumor derived from the pancreatic delta cells (SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS). It is also found in the INTESTINE. Somatostatinomas are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS; CHOLELITHIASIS; STEATORRHEA; and HYPOCHLORHYDRIA. The majority of somatostatinomas have the potential for METASTASIS.


Familiarity and comfort in using computers efficiently.


A 50-kDa protein that complexes with CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 2 in the late G1 phase of the cell cycle.


Eighteen-carbon cyclopentyl polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID via an oxidative pathway analogous to the EICOSANOIDS in animals. Biosynthesis is inhibited by SALICYLATES. A key member, jasmonic acid of PLANTS, plays a similar role to ARACHIDONIC ACID in animals.


A condition with trapped gas or air in the PERITONEAL CAVITY, usually secondary to perforation of the internal organs such as the LUNG and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, or to recent surgery. Pneumoperitoneum may be purposely introduced to aid radiological examination.


Neurons whose primary neurotransmitter is ACETYLCHOLINE.


A concept that stands for or suggests something else by reason of its relationship, association, convention, or resemblance. The symbolism may be mental or a visible sign or representation. (From Webster, 3d ed)


Restoration of integrity to traumatized tissue.


The larger of the two terminal branches of the brachial artery, beginning about one centimeter distal to the bend of the elbow. Like the RADIAL ARTERY, its branches may be divided into three groups corresponding to their locations in the forearm, wrist, and hand.


A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that contains kukulkanin, a CHALCONE.


A cutaneous pouch of skin containing the testicles and spermatic cords.


An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.


Anhydride polymers with a repeating structure of RC(=O)OC(=O)R. They readily hydrolyze in water making them useful for DELAYED-ACTION PREPARATIONS.


The administration of nutrients for assimilation and utilization by a patient by means other than normal eating. It does not include FLUID THERAPY which normalizes body fluids to restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.


A form of retention cyst of the floor of the mouth, usually due to obstruction of the ducts of the submaxillary or sublingual glands, presenting a slowly enlarging painless deep burrowing mucocele of one side of the mouth. It is also called sublingual cyst and sublingual ptyalocele.


An infection at a specific location that may spread to another region of the body.


Cerebral Atherosclerosis
Intracranial Atherosclerosis
Intracranial Arteriosclerosis
Cerebral Arteriosclerosis

Vascular diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of ARTERIES inside the SKULL. There are three subtypes: (1) atherosclerosis with fatty deposits in the ARTERIAL INTIMA; (2) Monckeberg's sclerosis with calcium deposits in the media and (3) arteriolosclerosis involving the small caliber arteries. Clinical signs include HEADACHE; CONFUSION; transient blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX); speech impairment; and HEMIPARESIS.


Refers to the whole process of grieving and mourning and is associated with a deep sense of loss and sadness.


A family of RNA viruses that infect fungi and protozoa. There are three genera: TOTIVIRUS; GIARDIAVIRUS; and LEISHMANIAVIRUS.


Aortic Stiffness
Vascular Stiffness
Arterial Stiffness

Loss of vascular ELASTICITY due to factors such as AGING; and ARTERIOSCLEROSIS. Increased arterial stiffness is one of the RISK FACTORS for many CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.


A genus of flowering plants in the family ASTERACEAE, mainly distributed in southern and central Europe, and on other continents as introduced species. Leucanthemum species include annuals and perennials grown for their daisy flowers, which are usually gleaming white with yellow centers.


A plant genus of the family Moringaceae, order Capparales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida.


Basic peptide antibiotic from Bacillus brevis. It exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis.


The process of generating white blood cells (LEUKOCYTES) from the pluripotent HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS of the BONE MARROW. There are two significant pathways to generate various types of leukocytes: MYELOPOIESIS, in which leukocytes in the blood are derived from MYELOID STEM CELLS, and LYMPHOPOIESIS, in which leukocytes of the lymphatic system (LYMPHOCYTES) are generated from lymphoid stem cells.


Tomato bushy stunt virus
Cymbidium ringspot virus
Tombusvirus

A genus of plant viruses that infects ANGIOSPERMS. Transmission occurs mechanically and through soil, with one species transmitted via a fungal vector. The type species is Tomato bushy stunt virus.


Complexes of iron atoms chelated with carbonyl ions.


An increase in circulating RETICULOCYTES, which is among the simplest and most reliable signs of accelerated ERYTHROCYTE production. Reticulocytosis occurs during active BLOOD regeneration (stimulation of red bone marrow) and in certain types of ANEMIA, particularly CONGENITAL HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA.


A genus of SPONGES in the family Crambeidae characterized by desmoid spicules. The type species is Crambe crambe.


A species of MORGANELLA formerly classified as a Proteus species. It is found in the feces of humans, dogs, other mammals, and reptiles. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)


Botanically, a type of single-seeded fruit in which the pericarp enclosing the seed is a hard woody shell. In common usage the term is used loosely for any hard, oil-rich kernel. Of those commonly eaten, only hazel, filbert, and chestnut are strictly nuts. Walnuts, pecans, almonds, and coconuts are really drupes. Brazil nuts, pistachios, macadamias, and cashews are really seeds with a hard shell derived from the testa rather than the pericarp.


A plant genus of the family POACEAE. Young shoots are eaten in Asian foods while the stiff mature stems are used for construction of many things. The common name of bamboo is also used for other genera of Poaceae including Phyllostachys, SASA, and Dendrocalamus.


Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Repetitive

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Paired Pulse

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Single Pulse

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with a set of pulses that is experimentally being used as a therapy for DEPRESSION. Abbreviated as rTMS.


Dioncophyllum Triphyophyllum Dioncophyllaceae Habropetalum

A plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae class Magnoliopsida. Members contain naphthylisoquinolines which inhibit PLASMODIUM.


An order of fresh water fish with 18 families and over 1600 species. The order includes CHARACINS, hatchetfish, piranhas, and TETRAS.


A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.


A condition of abnormally low AMNIOTIC FLUID volume. Principal causes include malformations of fetal URINARY TRACT; FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION; GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION; nicotine poisoning; and PROLONGED PREGNANCY.


Resuscitation Orders
Resuscitation Policies
Resuscitation Decisions
Withholding Resuscitation
Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders

Instructions issued by a physician pertaining to the institution, continuation, or withdrawal of life support measures. The concept includes policies, laws, statutes, decisions, guidelines, and discussions that may affect the issuance of such orders.


The period following ESTRUS during which the phenomena of estrus subside in those animals in which pregnancy or pseudopregnancy does not occur.


Inflammation of the fetal UMBILICAL CORD.


INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.


Proteins secreted by the prostate gland. The major secretory proteins from the human prostate gland include PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN, prostate-specific acid phosphatase, prostate-specific membrane antigen, and prostate-specific protein-94.


The largest branch of the celiac trunk with distribution to the spleen, pancreas, stomach and greater omentum.


A genus of zygomycetous fungi of the family Mucoraceae, order MUCORALES.


Inflammation of the EPIDIDYMIS. Its clinical features include enlarged epididymis, a swollen SCROTUM; PAIN; PYURIA; and FEVER. It is usually related to infections in the URINARY TRACT, which likely spread to the EPIDIDYMIS through either the VAS DEFERENS or the lymphatics of the SPERMATIC CORD.


Chemical groups containing the covalent sulfur bonds -S-. The sulfur atom can be bound to inorganic or organic moieties.


The volume of BLOOD passing through the HEART per unit of time. It is usually expressed as liters (volume) per minute so as not to be confused with STROKE VOLUME (volume per beat).


A suborder of FUNGI in the phylum MICROSPORIDIA, commonly lacking a pansporoblastic membrane. The sporoblast is usually dinucleate.


The study of the characteristics, behavior, and internal structures of the atomic nucleus and its interactions with other nuclei. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)


Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.


Hormones secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR) that stimulate gonadal functions in both males and females. They include FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE that stimulates germ cell maturation (OOGENESIS; SPERMATOGENESIS), and LUTEINIZING HORMONE that stimulates the production of sex steroids (ESTROGENS; PROGESTERONE; ANDROGENS).


The infiltrating of histological specimens with plastics, including acrylic resins, epoxy resins and polyethylene glycol, for support of the tissues in preparation for sectioning with a microtome.


Oxy acids of sulfur with the general formula RSOH, where R is an alkyl or aryl group such as CH3. They are often encountered as esters and halides. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)


The initial culturing of cells derived directly from fresh TISSUES.


Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders

Includes two similar disorders: oppositional defiant disorder and CONDUCT DISORDERS. Symptoms occurring in children with these disorders include: defiance of authority figures, angry outbursts, and other antisocial behaviors.


Brain waves characterized by a relatively high voltage or amplitude and a frequency of approximately 30-100 Hz. They are primarily observed during network engagement and sensory processing activities, during both waking and sleeping states.


Medical services for which no payment is received. Uncompensated care includes charity care and bad debts.


Technique whereby the weight of a sample can be followed over a period of time while its temperature is being changed (usually increased at a constant rate).


Molecular Motor Proteins
Motility Proteins

Proteins that are involved in or cause CELL MOVEMENT such as the rotary structures (flagellar motor) or the structures whose movement is directed along cytoskeletal filaments (MYOSIN; KINESIN; and DYNEIN motor families).


Metacentric chromosomes produced during MEIOSIS or MITOSIS when the CENTROMERE splits transversely instead of longitudinally. The chromosomes produced by this abnormal division are one chromosome having the two long arms of the original chromosome, but no short arms, and the other chromosome consisting of the two short arms and no long arms. Each of these isochromosomes constitutes a simultaneous duplication and deletion.


A nitrogen-fixing genus of filamentous cyanobacteria that occurs in tropical and subtropical oceans.


Camphor, (1R)-Isomer
Camphor, (+-)-Isomer
Camphor
Camphor, (1S)-Isomer

A bicyclic monoterpene ketone found widely in plants, especially CINNAMOMUM CAMPHORA. It is used topically as a skin antipruritic and as an anti-infective agent.


A granulomatous disease caused by the aquatic organism PYTHIUM insidiosum and occurring primarily in horses, cattle, dogs, cats, fishes, and rarely in humans. It is classified into three forms: ocular, cutaneous, and arterial.


A genus of protozoa parasitic in the digestive tract of vertebrate or invertebrate hosts. Asexual multiplication is accomplished by transverse binary fission. Its organisms are ovoidal in shape and have a ciliated covering over the entire body.


A plant genus of the family Lamiaceae. The species of Coleus should be distinguished from PLECTRANTHUS BARBATUS - which is also known as Coleus forskohlii.


An inherited disorder due to defective reabsorption of CYSTINE and other BASIC AMINO ACIDS by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. This form of aminoaciduria is characterized by the abnormally high urinary levels of cystine; LYSINE; ARGININE; and ORNITHINE. Mutations involve the amino acid transport protein gene SLC3A1.


Benzoate derivatives substituted by one or more hydroxy groups in any position on the benzene ring.


Complete Mastoidectomy
Radical Mastoidectomy
Modified Radical Mastoidectomy
Mastoidectomy

Surgical removal of the diseased cells from the MASTOID PROCESS. It often involves simultaneous resection and/or repair of the MIDDLE EAR and EAR DRUM in MIDDLE EAR CHOLESTEATOMAS and MASTOIDITIS.


Summaries that serve as the primary documents communicating a patient's care plan to the post-hospital care team.


The total absence of teeth from either the mandible or the maxilla, but not both. Total absence of teeth from both is MOUTH, EDENTULOUS. Partial absence of teeth in either is JAW, EDENTULOUS, PARTIALLY.


Microbodies which occur in plant cells, and in some eukaryotic microorganisms, and which contain enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle. (Singleton and Stainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2nd ed)


An alkalophilic species of Bacillus that occurs in soil. It produces ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS and is used as a PROBIOTIC.


Field of chemistry that pertains to immunological phenomena and the study of chemical reactions related to antigen stimulation of tissues. It includes physicochemical interactions between antigens and antibodies.


A group of mental disorders associated with organic brain damage and caused by poisoning from alcohol.


A species of ALPHAVIRUS causing an acute dengue-like fever.


PEPTIDES that incorporate a phosphate group via PHOSPHORYLATION.


A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.


A group of two-ring heterocyclic compounds consisting of a NAPHTHALENES double ring in which two carbon atoms, one per each ring, are replaced with nitrogens.


The sexual attraction or relationship between members of both the same and the opposite SEX.


A branch of medicine which deals with sexually transmitted disease.


An order comprising three families of tailed bacteriophages: MYOVIRIDAE; PODOVIRIDAE; and SIPHOVIRIDAE.


A species of thermoacidophilic ARCHAEA in the family Sulfolobaceae, found in volcanic areas where the temperature is about 80 degrees C and SULFUR is present.


The death of a live-born INFANT within its first year of life.


Metallothionein IIA
Metallothionein A
Metallothionein
Metallothionein B
Metallothionein II
Metallothionein I
Isometallothionein

A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.


The process of refitting a denture by replacing the denture base material without changing the occlusal relations of the teeth. Rebasing may include adding to the denture base to compensate for resorptive changes to subjacent structures.


Muscles arising in the zygomatic arch that close the jaw. Their nerve supply is masseteric from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. (From Stedman, 25th ed)


Structures which are contained in or part of CHROMOSOMES.


An organization of cells into an organ-like structure. Organoids can be generated in culture. They are also found in certain neoplasms.


Angiostatic Peptides
Angiostatic Proteins

Proteins that specifically inhibit the growth of new blood vessels (ANGIOGENESIS, PHYSIOLOGIC).


A rare aggressive variant of chondrosarcoma, characterized by a biphasic histologic pattern of small compact cells intermixed with islands of cartilaginous matrix. Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas have a predilection for flat bones; long tubular bones are rarely affected. They tend to occur in the younger age group and are highly metastatic. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1456)


The black, tarry, foul-smelling FECES that contain degraded blood.


A partial or complete return to the normal or proper physiologic activity of an organ or part following disease or trauma.


A plant genus of the family APIACEAE. Members contain osthol.


Loss or absence of normal intestinal function due to nerve damage or birth defects. It is characterized by the inability to control the elimination of stool from the body.


A species of CAMPYLOBACTER isolated from DOGS; CATS; and humans.


A ribosomal protein that may play a role in controlling cell growth and proliferation. It is a major substrate of RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6 KINASES and plays a role in regulating the translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) of RNAs that contain an RNA 5' TERMINAL OLIGOPYRIMIDINE SEQUENCE.


A genus of zygomycetous fungi of the family Mortierellaceae, order MUCORALES. Its species are abundant in soil and can cause rare infections in humans and animals. Mortierella alpinais is used for production of arachidonic acid.


Subsidies, Research
Research Support as Topic
Grants and Subsidies, Research

Work about financial support of research activities.


Disorders affecting the organs of the thorax.


Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with DENGUE VIRUS. These include live-attenuated, subunit, DNA, and inactivated vaccines.


Compounds which restore enzymatic activity by removing an inhibitory group bound to the reactive site of the enzyme.


Services provided by an individual ethicist (ETHICISTS) or an ethics team or committee (ETHICS COMMITTEES, CLINICAL) to address the ethical issues involved in a specific clinical case. The central purpose is to improve the process and outcomes of patients' care by helping to identify, analyze, and resolve ethical problems.


The audibility limit of discriminating sound intensity and pitch.


A genus of the family RHABDOVIRIDAE which primarily infect cattle. EPHEMERAL FEVER VIRUS, BOVINE is the type species.


A dental specialty concerned with the maintenance of the dental pulp in a state of health and the treatment of the pulp cavity (pulp chamber and pulp canal).


A condition characterized by the presence of multiple gas-filled cysts in the intestinal wall, the submucosa and/or subserosa of the INTESTINE. The majority of the cysts are found in the JEJUNUM and the ILEUM.


Rapidly decreasing response to a drug or physiologically active agent after administration of a few doses. In immunology, it is the rapid immunization against the effect of toxic doses of an extract or serum by previous injection of small doses. (Dorland, 28th ed)


Analogs or derivatives of AMPHETAMINE. Many are sympathomimetics and central nervous system stimulators causing excitation, vasopressin, bronchodilation, and to varying degrees, anorexia, analepsis, nasal decongestion, and some smooth muscle relaxation.


The retention in the UTERUS of a dead FETUS two months or more after its DEATH.


A 1:1 molar complex of heme or hematin and albumin formed after the dissociation of methemoglobin into heme or hematin and globin in plasma. This complex, which imparts a coffee-brown color to plasma, occurs in hemolytic and hemorrhagic disorders. Its presence in plasma is used as a test to differentiate between hemorrhagic and edematous pancreatitis.


Measurement of the temperature of a material, or of the body or an organ by various temperature sensing devices which measure changes in properties of the material that vary with temperature, such as ELASTICITY; MAGNETIC FIELDS; or LUMINESCENCE.


A species of imperfect fungi from which the antibiotic nidulin is obtained. Its teleomorph is Emericella nidulans.


Inorganic compounds that contain bromine as an integral part of the molecule.


The active form of GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE that is derived from the phosphorylation of PHOSPHORYLASE B. Phosphorylase a is deactivated via hydrolysis of phosphoserine by PHOSPHORYLASE PHOSPHATASE to form PHOSPHORYLASE B.


A glycoprotein secreted by the cells of the GASTRIC GLANDS that is required for the absorption of VITAMIN B 12 (cyanocobalamin). Deficiency of intrinsic factor leads to VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY and ANEMIA, PERNICIOUS.


Burrowing, chiefly nocturnal mammals of the family Dasypodidae having bodies and heads encased in small bony plates. They are widely distributed in the warmer parts of the Americas.


The removal of an amino group (NH2) from a chemical compound.


Persons trained and certified to administer ANESTHETICS.


An order of fungi in the phylum ASCOMYCOTA that includes many valuable experimental organisms. There are eight families and very few anamorphic forms.


A plant genus of the family ARACEAE. The name derived from ar (fire in Arabic) due to the irritating sap. Flower is a spathe.


A product of hard secondary xylem composed of CELLULOSE, hemicellulose, and LIGNANS, that is under the bark of trees and shrubs. It is used in construction and as a source of CHARCOAL and many other products.


Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.


Performing the role of a parent by care-giving, nurturance, and protection of the child by a natural or substitute parent. The parent supports the child by exercising authority and through consistent, empathic, appropriate behavior in response to the child's needs. PARENTING differs from CHILD REARING in that in child rearing the emphasis is on the act of training or bringing up the children and the interaction between the parent and child, while parenting emphasizes the responsibility and qualities of exemplary behavior of the parent.


Any system of defining ownership of dentures or dental prostheses.


Professionals trained in providing information, guidance, and recommendations to individual clients or families to support their decision making and development of coping skills.


Dietary proteins that are present in or isolated from the seeds of PISUM SATIVUM.


Innominate Bones
Hip Bone
Coxal Bone
Pelvic Bones

Bones that constitute each half of the pelvic girdle in VERTEBRATES, formed by fusion of the ILIUM; ISCHIUM; and PUBIC BONE.


Lacrimal Ducts
Lacrimal Apparatus
Conjunctival Sacs
Lacrimal Punctum
Lacrimal Gland
Medial Canthus
Lateral Canthus

The tear-forming and tear-conducting system which includes the lacrimal glands, eyelid margins, conjunctival sac, and the tear drainage system.


A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus PSEUDOMONAS. It is isolated from oil-water emulsions used as lubricants and cooling agents in the cutting and grinding of materials.


Derivatives of cinnamic acid (the structural formula: phenyl-HC=CH-COO-), including its salts and esters.


Receptors such as INTEGRIN ALPHAVBETA3 that bind VITRONECTIN with high affinity and play a role in cell migration. They also bind FIBRINOGEN; VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR; osteopontin; and THROMBOSPONDINS.


A genus of small tapeworms of birds and mammals.


Organic compounds containing a carbon-nitrogen double bond where a NITROGEN atom can be attached to HYDROGEN or an alkyl or aryl group.


The process of producing vocal sounds by means of VOCAL CORDS vibrating in an expiratory blast of air.


A broad category of endogenous cellular factors that are used by VIRUSES for essential functions such as VIRUS REPLICATION. Many host-derived factors play normal cellular roles in non-infected cells.


Colorless reduced precursors of porphyrins in which the pyrrole rings are linked by methylene (-CH2-) bridges.


The state of being retired from one's position or occupation.


A genus of plant viruses in the family FLEXIVIRIDAE, that cause mosaic and ringspot symptoms. Transmission occurs mechanically. Potato virus X is the type species.


A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.


Morgagni-Stewart-Morel Syndrome
Leontiasis Ossium
Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna

Thickening of the inner table of the frontal bone, which may be associated with hypertrichosis and obesity. It most commonly affects women near menopause.


Inorganic derivatives of phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Note that organic derivatives of phosphoric acids are listed under ORGANOPHOSPHATES.


A system of government in which there is free and equal participation by the people in the political decision-making process.


Volume of circulating ERYTHROCYTES . It is usually measured by RADIOISOTOPE DILUTION TECHNIQUE.


A form of RETINAL DEGENERATION in which abnormal CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION occurs under the RETINA and MACULA LUTEA, causing bleeding and leaking of fluid. This leads to bulging and or lifting of the macula and the distortion or destruction of central vision.


A family of immunoglobulin-related cell adhesion molecules that are involved in NERVOUS SYSTEM patterning.


A plant family of the order Ebenales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida.


A dry artificial sterile sponge of fibrin prepared by clotting with thrombin a foam or solution of fibrinogen. It is used in conjunction with thrombin as a hemostatic in surgery at sites where bleeding cannot be controlled by more common methods. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p648)


A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)


A genus of protozoan parasites found in the intestines of birds, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals, including man. The oocysts produce two sporocysts, each with four sporozoites. Many species are parasitic in wild and domestic animals.


Procedure involving the instillation of an anesthetic into the rectum.


The protoplasm and plasma membrane of plant, fungal, bacterial or archaeon cells without the CELL WALL.


Disordered formation of various types of leukocytes or an abnormal accumulation or deficiency of these cells.


Removal of the whole or part of the vitreous body in treating endophthalmitis, diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, intraocular foreign bodies, and some types of glaucoma.


A variety of techniques used to help individuals utilize their voice for various purposes and with minimal use of muscle energy.


Drugs and their metabolites which are found in the edible tissues and milk of animals after their medication with specific drugs. This term can also apply to drugs found in adipose tissue of humans after drug treatment.


Non-voluntary institutionalization or isolation following refusal or failure to take medication, to complete treatment, or to adhere to infection control precautions, or behavior that may or does endanger self or others.


Abnormal genetic constitution in males characterized by an extra Y chromosome.


A plant family of the order Theales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is best known for Kiwi fruit (ACTINIDIA).


Leukocytes with abundant granules in the cytoplasm. They are divided into three groups according to the staining properties of the granules: neutrophilic, eosinophilic, and basophilic. Mature granulocytes are the NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and BASOPHILS.


Rabbis Pastors Clergy Chaplains Clerics Ministers Priests Imams Deacons

Persons ordained for religious duties, who serve as leaders and perform religious services.


A group of carbon-oxygen lyases. These enzymes catalyze the breakage of a carbon-oxygen bond in polysaccharides leading to an unsaturated product and the elimination of an alcohol. EC 4.2.2.


A species of the Beta genus. Cultivars are used as a source of beets (root) or chard (leaves).


Uroplakin IIIb
Uroplakin IIIa
Uroplakin III

A uroplakin subtype that heterodimerizes with UROPLAKIN IB to form a component of the asymmetric unit membrane found in urothelial cells.


Filamentous ascomycete fungus that is a model organism used for the genetic and molecular study of several biological processes especially aging.


A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.


A bibliographic database that includes MEDLINE as its primary subset. It is produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), part of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. PubMed, which is searchable through NLM's Web site, also includes access to additional citations to selected life sciences journals not in MEDLINE, and links to other resources such as the full-text of articles at participating publishers' Web sites, NCBI's molecular biology databases, and PubMed Central.


A red yeast-like mitosporic fungal genus generally regarded as nonpathogenic. It is cultured from numerous sources in human patients.


Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.


A kingdom of hyperthermophilic ARCHAEA found in diverse environments.


An endogenous family of proteins belonging to the serpin superfamily that neutralizes the action of thrombin. Six naturally occurring antithrombins have been identified and are designated by Roman numerals I to VI. Of these, Antithrombin I (see FIBRIN) and ANTITHROMBIN III appear to be of major importance.


A group of disorders involving predominantly the posterior portion of the ocular fundus, due to degeneration in the sensory layer of the RETINA; RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM; BRUCH MEMBRANE; CHOROID; or a combination of these tissues.


Any type of research that employs nonnumeric information to explore individual or group characteristics, producing findings not arrived at by statistical procedures or other quantitative means. (Qualitative Inquiry: A Dictionary of Terms Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1997)


Diseases of the sebaceous glands such as sebaceous hyperplasia and sebaceous cell carcinoma (SEBACEOUS GLAND NEOPLASMS).


Low Temperature Biology
Cryobiology
Hibernation Biology

The study of biological materials or systems subjected to temperatures below their normal range.


Thick triangular muscle in the SHOULDER whose function is to abduct, flex, and extend the arm. It is a common site of INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTIONS.


Care over an extended period, usually for a chronic condition or disability, requiring periodic, intermittent, or continuous care.


Worth or value that people have because they are human, not by virtue of any social standing, group membership, or set of talents, skills, or powers.


Spirostans Spirostanols Spirostadienes Spirostenes Spirostatrienes

Cholestane derivatives containing a fused lactone ring at the 16,17-position and a spiroglycosidic linkage at C-22. Members include sarsaponin, DIOSGENIN and yamogenin.


A scientific or medical discipline concerning the study of male reproductive biology, diseases of the male genital organs, and male infertility. Major areas of interest include ENDOCRINOLOGY; SPERMATOGENESIS; SEMEN ANALYSIS; FERTILIZATION; CONTRACEPTION; and CRYOPRESERVATION.


The study of metabolite patterns in biological samples and correlation with xenobiotic challenge and disease states. The word was coined by Nicholson in 1999.


The homogeneous mixtures formed by the mixing of a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance (solute) with a liquid (the solvent), from which the dissolved substances can be recovered by physical processes. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)


Works about documents or charts that show days, weeks, and months of a year.


Chloroplast Thioredoxins
Thioredoxin m
Thioredoxin f
Thioredoxin fa
Thioredoxin fb

A subtype of thioredoxins found primarily in CHLOROPLASTS.