Addition of hydrogen to a compound, especially to an unsaturated fat or fatty acid. (From Stedman, 26th ed)


Methyl Propyl Ketones
Diethyl Ketones
Pentanones

5-carbon straight-chain or branched-chain ketones.


Congenital arteriovenous malformation involving the VEIN OF GALEN, a large deep vein at the base of the brain. The rush of arterial blood directly into the vein of Galen, without passing through the CAPILLARIES, can overwhelm the heart and lead to CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.


The emergence of a tooth from within its follicle in the ALVEOLAR PROCESS of the MAXILLA or MANDIBLE into the ORAL CAVITY. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)


One of the principal schools of medical philosophy in ancient Greece and Rome. It developed in Alexandria between 270 and 220 B.C., the only one to have any success in reviving the essentials of the Hippocratic concept. The Empiricists declared that the search for ultimate causes of phenomena was vain, but they were active in endeavoring to discover immediate causes. The "tripod of the Empirics" was their own chance observations (experience), learning obtained from contemporaries and predecessors (experience of others), and, in the case of new diseases, the formation of conclusions from other diseases which they resembled (analogy). Empiricism enjoyed sporadic continuing popularity in later centuries up to the nineteenth. (From Castiglioni, A History of Medicine, 2d ed, p186; Dr. James H. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division)


A genus of ascomycetous yeast in the family Saccharomycetaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES. It has been implicated in wine spoilage. Anamorphic forms are found in the genus BRETTANOMYCES.


Laryngeal Nerve, Inferior
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

Branches of the vagus (tenth cranial) nerve. The recurrent laryngeal nerves originate more caudally than the superior laryngeal nerves and follow different paths on the right and left sides. They carry efferents to all muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid and carry sensory and autonomic fibers to the laryngeal, pharyngeal, tracheal, and cardiac regions.


A component of the private sector characterized by ease of entry; reliance on indigenous resources; family ownership; small scale operations;  skills acquired outside of the formal sector; and unregulated markets.


Attachment of the child to the parent of the opposite sex, accompanied by envious and aggressive feelings toward the parent of the same sex.


Drug Withdrawal Symptoms
Withdrawal Symptoms
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome

Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.


Organic compounds composed of tin and three methyl groups. Affect mitochondrial metabolism and inhibit oxidative phosphorylation by acting directly on the energy conserving processes.


The major nerves supplying sympathetic innervation to the abdomen. The greater, lesser, and lowest (or smallest) splanchnic nerves are formed by preganglionic fibers from the spinal cord which pass through the paravertebral ganglia and then to the celiac ganglia and plexuses. The lumbar splanchnic nerves carry fibers which pass through the lumbar paravertebral ganglia to the mesenteric and hypogastric ganglia.


Xanthobacter
Xanthobacter flavus
Xanthobacter autotrophicus

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in wet soil containing decaying organic material and in water. Cells tend to be pleomorphic if grown on media containing succinate or coccoid if grown in the presence of an alcohol as the sole carbon source. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)


A genus of gram-negative bacteria in the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE consisting of species that profusely produce pectinolytic enzymes in plant pathogenesis.


A device that delivers medication to the lungs in the form of a dry powder.


A radioactive actinide discovered in 1961. It has the atomic symbol Lr, and atomic number 103. There are twelve isotopes with mass numbers 252–262 and 266.


Aldosterone, (11 beta,17 alpha)-Isomer
Aldosterone, (+-)-Isomer
Aldosterone

A hormone secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX that regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium.


A plant genus of the family OROBANCHACEAE. Members contain phenylethanoid glycosides.


A genus of question mark-shaped bacteria spirochetes which is found in fresh water that is contaminated by animal urine. It causes LEPTOSPIROSIS.


A genus of RED ALGAE in the family Porphyridiaceae. A single stellate CHLOROPLAST is present in each cell which has no CELL WALL.


A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus PASTEURELLA, found in the NASOPHARYNX of normal GUINEA PIGS; RATS; HAMSTERS; MICE; DOGS; and CATS. When associated with disease, it is usually a secondary invader. Occasional infections have been reported in humans.


The protrusion of an organ or part of an organ into a natural or artificial orifice.


A species of Aeromonas that occurs mostly as single cells in soil and freshwater environments. It also inhabits the digestive tract of the leech HIRUDO MEDICINALIS, where it aids in the digestion of blood and prevents colonization by other bacteria. It is pathogenic in fish and potentially in humans who consume infected fish or immunocompromised patients receiving LEECH THERAPY.


An order of nonhelical (ENTOMOPLASMATACEAE) and helical (SPIROPLASMATACEAE) gram-negative bacteria in the class MOLLICUTES, that are regularly associated with arthropod or plant hosts.


Multi-step systematic review process used for improving safety by investigation of incidents to find what happened, why it happened, and to determine what can be done to prevent it from happening again.


The continuation of the femoral artery coursing through the popliteal fossa; it divides into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries.


The vascular resistance to the flow of BLOOD through the CAPILLARIES portions of the peripheral vascular bed.


Devices for accelerating protons or electrons in closed orbits where the accelerating voltage and magnetic field strength varies (the accelerating voltage is held constant for electrons) in order to keep the orbit radius constant.


Deformities of the SPINE characterized by abnormal bending or flexure in the vertebral column. They may be bending forward (KYPHOSIS), backward (LORDOSIS), or sideway (SCOLIOSIS).


Involuntary discharge of URINE after expected age of completed development of urinary control. This can happen during the daytime (DIURNAL ENURESIS) while one is awake or during sleep (NOCTURNAL ENURESIS). Enuresis can be in children or in adults (as persistent primary enuresis and secondary adult-onset enuresis).


A blood group related to the ABO, Lewis and I systems. At least five different erythrocyte antigens are possible, some very rare, others almost universal. Multiple alleles are involved in this blood group.


Discrete tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the COLON. These POLYPS are connected to the wall of the colon either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.


A family of gram-negative, mostly aerobic bacteria, in the order Cardiobacteriales. There are three genera: CARDIOBACTERIUM; DICHELOBACTER; and Suttonella.


2-, 3-, or 4-Pyridinecarboxylic acids. Pyridine derivatives substituted with a carboxy group at the 2-, 3-, or 4-position. The 3-carboxy derivative (NIACIN) is active as a vitamin.


Physical motion, i.e., a change in position of a body or subject as a result of an external force. It is distinguished from MOVEMENT, a process resulting from biological activity.


A plant species and perennial herb of the genus DATURA, family SOLANACEAE, containing poisonous tropane ALKALOIDS.


Aluminum Nitrilotriacetate
Nitrilotriacetic Acid
Trisodium Nitrilotriacetate
Dysprosium Nitrilotriacetate

A derivative of acetic acid, N(CH2COOH)3. It is a complexing (sequestering) agent that forms stable complexes with Zn2+. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed.)


Behaviors associated with the ingesting of water and other liquids; includes rhythmic patterns of drinking (time intervals - onset and duration), frequency and satiety.


Zinc Orotate
Sodium Orotate
Orotic Acid
Potassium Orotate

An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.


A growth from a pollen grain down into the flower style which allows two sperm to pass, one to the ovum within the ovule, and the other to the central cell of the ovule to produce endosperm of SEEDS.


Recording of electric potentials in the retina after stimulation by light.


Agents destructive to snails and other mollusks.


An ERYTHROLEUKEMIA cell line derived from a CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA patient in BLAST CRISIS.


Emigrants
Aliens
Foreigners
Emigrants and Immigrants
Immigrants

People who leave their place of residence in one country and settle in a different country.


A specific protein in egg albumin that interacts with BIOTIN to render it unavailable to mammals, thereby producing biotin deficiency.


A measure of inpatient health facility use based upon the average number or proportion of beds occupied for a given period of time.


The separation and isolation of tissues for surgical purposes, or for the analysis or study of their structures.


A plant genus of the family Caricaceae, order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is the source of edible fruit and PAPAIN.


A hypnotic and sedative with anticonvulsant effects. However, because of the hazards associated with its administration, its tendency to react with plastic, and the risks associated with its deterioration, it has largely been superseded by other agents. It is still occasionally used to control status epilepticus resistant to conventional treatment. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p608-9)


Neoplasms containing cyst-like formations or producing mucin or serum.


A condition of low or absent PTH level and HYPOCALCEMIA. It usually occurs as part of an autoimmune syndrome.


Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle
Descending Limb of Loop of Henle
Loop of Henle

The U-shaped portion of the renal tubule in the KIDNEY MEDULLA, consisting of a descending limb and an ascending limb. It is situated between the PROXIMAL KIDNEY TUBULE and the DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULE.


The reformation of all, or part of, the native conformation of a nucleic acid molecule after the molecule has undergone denaturation.


Alkanes having one or more nitro (NO2) groups attached to carbon atoms.


Members of a Semitic people inhabiting the Arabian peninsula or other countries of the Middle East and North Africa. The term may be used with reference to ancient, medieval, or modern ethnic or cultural groups. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)


Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.


A series of thoughts, images, or emotions occurring during sleep which are dissociated from the usual stream of consciousness of the waking state.


Elevated level of AMMONIA in the blood. It is a sign of defective CATABOLISM of AMINO ACIDS or ammonia to UREA.


A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that is the etiologic agent of epidemic typhus fever acquired through contact with lice (TYPHUS, EPIDEMIC LOUSE-BORNE) as well as Brill's disease.


Dicarboxylic acids with a PYRIDINE backbone. Quinolinic Acids are downstream products of the KYNURENINE pathway which metabolize amino acid TRYPTOPHAN.


Inorganic or organic compounds that contain the general structure R2B(OH).


A disease of the eye in which the eyelashes abnormally turn inwards toward the eyeball producing constant irritation caused by motion of the lids.


Artery originating from the internal carotid artery and distributing to the eye, orbit and adjacent facial structures.


Absence of teeth from a portion of the mandible and/or maxilla.


Metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of URIC ACID calculi.


A common, benign, usually self-limited viral infection of the skin and occasionally the conjunctivae by a poxvirus (MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM VIRUS). (Dorland, 27th ed)


A phylum of predominantly GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA that includes the orders Bacillales and Clostridiales. Firmicutes and BACTEROIDETES are the two bacterial phyla that constitute the majority of the human gut MICROBIOTA.


Membrane-associated calcium-binding proteins that are characterized by N-terminal EF HAND MOTIFS and a STERILE ALPHA MOTIF. They function as sensors of ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM calcium levels and translocate from the ER to the plasma membrane to activate CALCIUM CHANNELS in response to intracellular calcium depletion.


Method of using a polycrystalline powder and Rietveld refinement (LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS) of X-RAY DIFFRACTION or NEUTRON DIFFRACTION. It circumvents the difficulties of producing single large crystals.


A species of HELICOBACTER that colonizes the CECUM and COLON of several strains of MICE, and is associated with HEPATITIS and carcinogenesis.


Contextually focused form of cognitive behavioral psychotherapy that uses MINDFULNESS and behavioral activation to increase patients' psychological flexibility in areas such as ability to engage in values-based, positive behaviors while experiencing difficult thoughts, emotions, or sensations.


Process of cultural change in which one group or members of a group assimilate various cultural patterns from another.


A species of ascomycetous fungi of the family Sordariaceae, order SORDARIALES, much used in biochemical, genetic, and physiologic studies.


Devices used for influencing tooth position. Orthodontic appliances may be classified as fixed or removable, active or retaining, and intraoral or extraoral. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p19)


A genus of plant viruses in the family SEQUIVIRIDAE. Transmission is by APHIDS but depends on the presence of a helper protein encoded by the Anthriscus yellow virus, a WAIKAVIRUS. The type species is Parsnip yellow fleck virus (parsnip serotype).


Ribosome inactivating proteins consisting of only the toxic A subunit, which is a polypeptide of around 30 kDa.


Acute conjunctival inflammation in the newborn, usually caused by maternal gonococcal infection. The causative agent is NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE. The baby's eyes are contaminated during passage through the birth canal.


A mixture of metallic elements or compounds with other metallic or metalloid elements in varying proportions.


A genus of DNA viruses in the family PAPILLOMAVIRIDAE, causing cutaneous and mucosal lesions in rabbits. COTTONTAIL RABBIT PAPILLOMAVIRUS is the type species.


Heat-generating liquids that are thinner than ointments and are applied to the skin with friction. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)


A species of gram-negative bacteria causing chronic respiratory disease in POULTRY.


Proteins which participate in contractile processes. They include MUSCLE PROTEINS as well as those found in other cells and tissues. In the latter, these proteins participate in localized contractile events in the cytoplasm, in motile activity, and in cell aggregation phenomena.


Coronary vasodilator with some antiarrhythmic action.


Therapies using arts or directed at the senses.


Compounds with a benzene ring fused to a thiazole ring.


Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body.


Inflammation of the DUODENUM section of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL). Erosive duodenitis may cause bleeding in the UPPER GI TRACT and PEPTIC ULCER.


A health care system's ability to rapidly mobilize to meet an increased demand, to rapidly expand beyond normal services levels to meet the increased demand in the event of large-scale DISASTERS or public health emergencies.


Marrow
Bone Marrow
Red Marrow
Yellow Marrow

The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells.


Glands of external secretion that release its secretions to the body's cavities, organs, or surface, through a duct.


Seven-carbon alkanes with the formula C7H16.


Audiometry, Pure-Tone
Audiometry, Bekesy

Measurement of hearing based on the use of pure tones of various frequencies and intensities as auditory stimuli.


A plant genus of the family ANNONACEAE. Members contain 8-oxopolyalthiaine.


To move about or walk on foot with the use of aids.


Plant tissue that carries water up the root and stem. Xylem cell walls derive most of their strength from LIGNIN. The vessels are similar to PHLOEM sieve tubes but lack companion cells and do not have perforated sides and pores.


The different ways GENES and their ALLELES interact during the transmission of genetic traits that effect the outcome of GENE EXPRESSION.


A name originally applied to a group of skin diseases characterized by the formation of fine, branny scales, but now used only with a modifier. (Dorland, 27th ed)


A genus in the subfamily PARAMYXOVIRINAE, family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE. It contains species that infect and cause potentially fatal disease in a number of host species, including humans.


Light-induced change in a chromophore, resulting in the loss of its absorption of light of a particular wave length. The photon energy causes a conformational change in the photoreceptor proteins affecting PHOTOTRANSDUCTION. This occurs naturally in the retina (ADAPTATION, OCULAR) on long exposure to bright light. Photobleaching presents problems when occurring in PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY, and in FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY. On the other hand, this phenomenon is exploited in the technique, FLUORESCENCE RECOVERY AFTER PHOTOBLEACHING, allowing measurement of the movements of proteins and LIPIDS in the CELL MEMBRANE.


Process of reproducing words or images on a physical media.


Biceps Femoris
Hamstring Muscles
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus

A group of muscles in the posterior THIGH area that are involved in connecting the KNEE JOINT and the PELVIS.


Early Diagnosis
Early Detection of Disease

Methods to determine in patients the nature of a disease or disorder at its early stage of progression. Generally, early diagnosis improves PROGNOSIS and TREATMENT OUTCOME.


A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.


Either of two fleshy protuberances at the lower posterior section of the trunk or HIP in humans and primate on which a person or animal sits, consisting of gluteal MUSCLES and fat.


Any of six international prizes awarded annually for outstanding work in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, economics and the promotion of peace.


Personal or family variables such as household income, assets such as inherited wealth, savings, employment benefits, or ownership of homes or other property.


A family of GTP-binding proteins that were initially identified in YEASTS where they were shown to initiate the process of septation and bud formation. Septins form into hetero-oligomeric complexes that are comprised of several distinct septin subunits. These complexes can act as cytoskeletal elements that play important roles in CYTOKINESIS, cytoskeletal reorganization, BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT, and membrane dynamics.


Unstable isotopes of iron that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Fe atoms with atomic weights 52, 53, 55, and 59-61 are radioactive iron isotopes.


Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the cardiovascular system, processes, or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers and other electronic equipment.


Connective tissue cells of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere.


A tumor made up of nerve cells and nerve fibers. (Dorland, 27th ed)


A genus of SEA URCHINS in the family Strongylocentrotidae. They possess more than three pore pairs per ambulacral plate. The species STRONGYLOCENTROTUS PURPURATUS is commonly used for research.


A membrane in the midline of the THORAX of mammals. It separates the lungs between the STERNUM in front and the VERTEBRAL COLUMN behind. It also surrounds the HEART, TRACHEA, ESOPHAGUS, THYMUS, and LYMPH NODES.


The ability to speak, read, or write several languages or many languages with some facility. Bilingualism is the most common form. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)


Pharmacological agents destructive to nematodes in the superfamily Filarioidea.


A field of biological research combining engineering in the formulation, design, and building (synthesis) of novel biological structures, functions, and systems.


An electrochemical process in which macromolecules or colloidal particles with a net electric charge migrate in a solution under the influence of an electric current.


A plant genus of the family CARYOPHYLLACEAE. The common name of campion is also used with LYCHNIS. The common name of 'pink' can be confused with other plants.


Asthma attacks caused, triggered, or exacerbated by OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE.


Passages within the liver for the conveyance of bile. Includes right and left hepatic ducts even though these may join outside the liver to form the common hepatic duct.


A radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Cm, and atomic number 96. Thirteen curium isotopes have been produced with mass numbers ranging from 238-250. Its valence can be +3 or +4. It is intensely radioactive and decays by alpha-emission.


DNA Degradation, Apoptotic
DNA Fragmentation

Splitting the DNA into shorter pieces by endonucleolytic DNA CLEAVAGE at multiple sites. It includes the internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, which along with chromatin condensation, are considered to be the hallmarks of APOPTOSIS.


A plant genus of the family OLEACEAE. Oleuropein has been identified in the stem bark.


To utter an inarticulate, characteristic sound in order to communicate or express a feeling, or desire for attention.


An expression of the number of mitoses found in a stated number of cells.


The innermost layer of the three meninges covering the brain and spinal cord. It is the fine vascular membrane that lies under the ARACHNOID and the DURA MATER.


Regulations to prevent, protect against, control and provide a public health response to the international spread of disease in ways that are commensurate with and restricted to public health risks. (www.who.int/features/qa/39/en)


alpha-Linolenic Acid, Potassium Salt
alpha-Linolenic Acid, Lithium Salt
alpha-Linolenic Acid, (Z,Z,E)-Isomer
alpha-Linolenic Acid, (Z,E,Z)-Isomer
alpha-Linolenic Acid
alpha-Linolenic Acid, (E,Z,Z)-Isomer
alpha-Linolenic Acid, Magnesium Salt
Linolenate
alpha-Linolenic Acid, (Z,E,E)-Isomer
alpha-Linolenic Acid, Calcium Salt
alpha-Linolenic Acid, Ammonium Salt
alpha-Linolenic Acid, (E,Z,E)-Isomer
alpha-Linolenic Acid, (E,E,Z)-Isomer
alpha-Linolenic Acid, Zinc Salt
alpha-Linolenic Acid, Tin(2+) Salt
alpha-Linolenic Acid, (E,E,E)-Isomer
alpha-Linolenic Acid, Sodium Salt
Linolenic Acid

A fatty acid that is found in plants and involved in the formation of prostaglandins.


alpha-Agatoxins mu-Agatoxins Agatoxins omega-Agatoxins

A class of polyamine and peptide toxins which are isolated from the venom of spiders such as Agelenopsis aperta.


A genus of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria in the family MORAXELLACEAE, associated with processed MEAT; FISH PRODUCTS; and POULTRY PRODUCTS.


A period of arrested growth or development in animals that is triggered by external conditions, such as length of day, extreme temperatures, or reduced food availability. It can occur at the embryonic, larval, pupal, or adult stage, depending on the species.


A genus of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria occurring as rods (subgenus Moraxella) or cocci (subgenus Branhamella). Its organisms are parasitic on the mucous membranes of humans and other warm-blooded animals.


A discipline or occupation concerned with the study of INSECTS, including the biology and the control of insects.


A superficial dermatitis occurring on skin surfaces in contact with each other, such as the axillae, neck creases, intergluteal fold, between the toes, etc. Obesity is a predisposing factor. The condition is caused by moisture and friction and is characterized by erythema, maceration, burning, and exudation.


A game whose object is to sink a ball into each of 9 or 18 successive holes on a golf course using as few strokes as possible.


A genus of ascomycetous fungi of the family Saccharomycetaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES.


Heterocyclic compounds where the ring system is composed of three CARBON atoms, a SULFUR and NITROGEN atoms.


Chenuda Virus
Changuinola Virus
Orbivirus
Kemerovo Virus

A serotype, in the species Great Island virus, of antigenically related tick-borne viruses found in Eastern Europe, Egypt, and Sudan.


Salmeterol
Salmeterol Xinafoate
Serevent

A selective ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR agonist that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR when administered by inhalation. It is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.


Profound inattention by individuals to their own health and hygiene.


The mechanical planing of the SKIN with sand paper, emery paper, or wire brushes, to promote reepithelialization and smoothing of skin disfigured by ACNE scars or dermal NEVI.


A plant family of the order ZINGIBERALES, subclass Zingiberidae, class Liliopsida.


A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that occurs singly, in pairs, or in short chains. Its organisms are found in fresh water and sewage and are pathogenic to humans, frogs, and fish.


Microvascular Decompression Surgery
Microvascular Decompression

Surgery performed to relieve pressure from MICROVESSELS that are located around nerves and are causing NERVE COMPRESSION SYNDROMES.


A benign tumor of the sweat glands which is usually multiple and results from malformation of sweat ducts. It is uncommon and more common in females than in males. It is most likely to appear at adolescence, and further lesions may develop during adult life. It does not appear to be hereditary. (Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, pp2407-8)


A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol Th, atomic number 90, and atomic weight 232.04. It is used as fuel in nuclear reactors to produce fissionable uranium isotopes. Because of its radioopacity, various thorium compounds are used to facilitate visualization in roentgenography.


A family of 6-membered heterocyclic compounds occurring in nature in a wide variety of forms. They include several nucleic acid constituents (CYTOSINE; THYMINE; and URACIL) and form the basic structure of the barbiturates.


Porphyrinogens which are intermediates in the heme biosynthesis. They have four methyl and four propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings. Coproporphyrinogens I and III are formed in the presence of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase from the corresponding uroporphyrinogen. They can yield coproporphyrins by autooxidation or protoporphyrin by oxidative decarboxylation.


Dyneins that are responsible for intracellular transport, MITOSIS, cell polarization, and movement within the cell.


The cognitive and affective processes which constitute an internalized moral governor over an individual's moral conduct.


Derivatives of acetamide that are used as solvents, as mild irritants, and in organic synthesis.


Tests based on the biochemistry and physiology of the exocrine pancreas and involving analysis of blood, duodenal contents, feces, or urine for products of pancreatic secretion.


Inorganic or organic oxy acids of sulfur which contain the RSO2(OH) radical.


An involuntary expression of merriment and pleasure; it includes the patterned motor responses as well as the inarticulate vocalization.


A plant genus in the family APIACEAE (Umbelliferae) that is used in SPICES and is a source of anethole.


A type of refractive surgery of the CORNEA to correct MYOPIA and ASTIGMATISM. An EXCIMER LASER is used directly on the surface of the EYE to remove some of the CORNEAL EPITHELIUM thus reshaping the anterior curvature of the cornea.


A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae, capable of solventogenesis, and isolated from SOIL, infected WOUNDS, fermenting OLIVES, and spoiled CANDY.


The air-dried exudate from the unripe seed capsule of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, or its variant, P. album. It contains a number of alkaloids, but only a few - MORPHINE; CODEINE; and PAPAVERINE - have clinical significance. Opium has been used as an analgesic, antitussive, antidiarrheal, and antispasmodic.


Commerce
Commercial Sector
Vendors
Business
Prices
Sales

The interchange of goods or commodities, especially on a large scale, between different countries or between populations within the same country. It includes trade (the buying, selling, or exchanging of commodities, whether wholesale or retail) and business (the purchase and sale of goods to make a profit). (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, p411, p2005 & p283)


The science and practice of preventing, minimizing, or eliminating damage to AGRICULTURAL CROPS by pest organisms, weeds, and disease-causing agents.


The application of genetic analyses and MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES to legal matters and crime analysis.


The refined fixed oil obtained from the seed of one or more cultivated varieties of Sesamum indicum. It is used as a solvent and oleaginous vehicle for drugs and has been used internally as a laxative and externally as a skin softener. It is used also in the manufacture of margarine, soap, and cosmetics. (Dorland, 28th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)


Involuntary reddening, especially of the face, associated with feelings of embarrassment, confusion or shame.


The science of developing, caring for, or cultivating forests.


M'Naghten Rule
McNaughton Rule
Insanity Defense
Criminal Insanity

A legal concept that an accused is not criminally responsible if, at the time of committing the act, the person was laboring under such a defect of reason from disease of the mind as not to know the nature and quality of the act done or if the act was known, to not have known that what was done was wrong. (From Black's Law Dictionary, 6th ed)


An idiopathic, rapidly evolving, and severely debilitating disease occurring most commonly in association with chronic ulcerative colitis. It is characterized by the presence of boggy, purplish ulcers with undermined borders, appearing mostly on the legs. The majority of cases are in people between 40 and 60 years old. Its etiology is unknown.


Medical methods of either relieving pain caused by a particular condition or removing the sensation of pain during a surgery or other medical procedure.


A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes.


Government Publications as Topic
Government Documents as Topic

Works about publications issued by local, regional, or national governments or by their agencies or subdivisions.


A beverage made from ground COFFEA beans (SEEDS) infused in hot water. It generally contains CAFFEINE and THEOPHYLLINE unless it is decaffeinated.


Enzymes that catalyze the formation of a carbon-carbon double bond by the elimination of AMMONIA. EC 4.3.1.


A species of SHEWANELLA noted for its ability to reduce iron and manganese anaerobically.


A species of EDWARDSIELLA distinguished by its nonmotility. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)


The hospital unit in which patients with acute cardiac disorders receive intensive care.


Colipase I and II, consisting of 94-95 and 84-85 amino acid residues, respectively, have been isolated from porcine pancreas. Their role is to prevent the inhibitory effect of bile salts on the lipase-catalyzed intraduodenal hydrolysis of dietary long-chain triglycerides.


A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH) triggering responses that increase blood CALCIUM. It is characterized by HYPERCALCEMIA and BONE RESORPTION, eventually leading to bone diseases. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is caused by parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is increased PTH secretion in response to HYPOCALCEMIA, usually caused by chronic KIDNEY DISEASES.


A lattice of fibrils which covers the entire inner surface of the nuclear envelope and interlinks nuclear pores (NUCLEAR PORE).


Derivatives of glutaric acid (the structural formula (COO-)2C3H6), including its salts and esters.


A glucan that is structurally related to maltodextrin, with more than 85% of its molecules having molecular weights between 1640 and 45 000 Daltons (Da), and a weight-average molecular weight of about 20 000 Da; it is used in dialysis fluids as an alternative to glucose-based solutions, and to reduce adhesions after gynecological or abdominal surgery. It has also been used as a vehicle for drugs given via the peritoneal cavity.


Extracts of liver tissue containing uncharacterized specific factors with specific activities; a soluble thermostable fraction of mammalian liver is used in the treatment of pernicious anemia.


A colorless, odorless, highly water soluble vinyl monomer formed from the hydration of acrylonitrile. It is primarily used in research laboratories for electrophoresis, chromatography, and electron microscopy and in the sewage and wastewater treatment industries.


Viscoelastic Solutions
Viscoelastic Substances
Viscoelastic Foams

Substances that display the physical properties of ELASTICITY and VISCOSITY. The dual-nature of these substances causes them to resist applied forces in a time-dependent manner.


A bacterial protein from Pseudomonas, Bordetella, or Alcaligenes which operates as an electron transfer unit associated with the cytochrome chain. The protein has a molecular weight of approximately 16,000, contains a single copper atom, is intensively blue, and has a fluorescence emission band centered at 308nm.


Type C fibers are peripheral unmyelinated nerve fibers in which several AXONS are surrounded by a single Schwann cell (SCHWANN CELLS). They constitute more than half of the peripheral sensory nerve fibers as well as all the postganglionic autonomic fibers.


The lymph or fluid of dentin. It is a transudate of extracellular fluid, mainly cytoplasm of odontoblastic processes, from the dental pulp via the dentinal tubules. It is also called dental lymph. (From Stedman, 26th ed, p665)


The process by which organisms release chemical compounds known as ALLELOCHEMICALS which influence the physiology, growth, survival, colonization, and reproductive activities of other species usually located nearby.


Observation and acquisition of physical data from a distance by viewing and making measurements from a distance or receiving transmitted data from observations made at distant location.


The structure that forms the roof of the mouth. It consists of the anterior hard palate (PALATE, HARD) and the posterior soft palate (PALATE, SOFT).


Discontinuance of care received by patient(s) due to reasons other than full recovery from the disease.


The physician's inability to practice medicine with reasonable skill and safety to the patient due to the physician's disability. Common causes include alcohol and drug abuse, mental illness, physical disability, and senility.


A family of the class Urodela which includes 4 living genera, about 33 species, and occurs only in North America. Adults are usually terrestrial, but the larval forms are aquatic.


The amount of adaptive work involved in allostasis.


A plant genus of the family CUPRESSACEAE. The common name of 'Cedar' makes this easily confused with other trees using that name including cedrus, JUNIPERUS; and CHAMAECYPARIS.


Fractures in which the break in bone is not accompanied by an external wound.


Ideal perfection especially in laws, government, and social conditions.


A cyclin B subtype that colocalizes with GOLGI APPARATUS during INTERPHASE and is transported into the CELL NUCLEUS at the end of the G2 PHASE.


Type and only species in the genus RHODOMICROBIUM.


A dull or sharp painful sensation associated with the outer or inner structures of the eyeball, having different causes.


Extracellular structures found in a variety of microorganisms. They contain CELLULASES and play an important role in the digestion of CELLULOSE.


A genus of plant viruses, in the family TYMOVIRIDAE, possessing a narrow host range that includes CRUCIFERAE. Transmission occurs by BEETLES and mechanical inoculation.


A species of gram-negative bacteria that is the causative agent of human EHRLICHIOSIS. This organism was first discovered at Fort Chaffee, Arkansas, when blood samples from suspected human ehrlichiosis patients were studied.


Benzoic acid or benzoic acid esters substituted with one or more chlorine atoms.


Tachycardia, Paroxysmal
Paroxysmal Reciprocal Tachycardia

Abnormally rapid heartbeats with sudden onset and cessation.


A species of Lactobacillus that occurs in fermented meat and fish. It produces the BACTERIOCIN Sakacin P and is used for FOOD PRESERVATION and as a PROBIOTIC.


Human position in which the body is held in an upright orthostatic position and supported only by the feet.


Payment for a service or for a commodity such as a body part.


Inflammation of a DIVERTICULUM or diverticula.


A congenital defect in which the heart is located on the right side of the THORAX instead of on the left side (levocardia, the normal position). When dextrocardia is accompanied with inverted HEART ATRIA, a right-sided STOMACH, and a left-sided LIVER, the combination is called dextrocardia with SITUS INVERSUS. Dextrocardia may adversely affect other thoracic organs.


Dichogamous Organisms
Protandrous Organisms
Protogynous Organisms
Hermaphroditic Organisms
Heterodichogamous Organisms

Organisms which begin as male and later switch to female.


The formation of CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES.


Interference with the FREEDOM or PERSONAL AUTONOMY of another person, with justifications referring to the promotion of the person's good or the prevention of harm to the person. (from Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, 1995); more generally, not allowing a person to make decisions on his or her own behalf.


Moving a patient into a specific position or POSTURE to facilitate examination, surgery, or for therapeutic purposes.


The mucous lining of the LARYNX, consisting of various types of epithelial cells ranging from stratified squamous EPITHELIUM in the upper larynx to ciliated columnar epithelium in the rest of the larynx, mucous GOBLET CELLS, and glands containing both mucous and serous cells.


Methods used for assessment of ovarian function.


A decrease in the incidence and frequency of SMOKING. Smoking reduction differs from SMOKING CESSATION in that the smoker continues to smoke albeit at a lesser frequency without quitting.


Long acting sulfonamide antibacterial agent.


Brain injuries resulted from vigorous shaking of an infant or young child held by the chest, shoulders, or extremities causing extreme cranial acceleration. It is characterized by the intracranial and intraocular hemorrhages with no evident external trauma. Serious cases may result in death.


A disorder characterized by the accumulation of encapsulated or unencapsulated tumor-like fatty tissue resembling LIPOMA.


Enhancement of viral infectivity caused by non-neutralizing antibodies. There are at least two mechanisms known to account for this: mediation by Fc receptors (RECEPTORS, FC) or by complement receptors (RECEPTORS, COMPLEMENT). Either the virus is complexed with antiviral IMMUNOGLOBULIN G and binds to Fc receptors, or virus is coated with antiviral IMMUNOGLOBULIN M and binds to complement receptors.


Four or five slender jointed digits in humans and primates, attached to each HAND.


Disorders in which exposure to a traumatic or stressful event is explicitly a diagnostic criterion.


A protozoan parasite of rodents transmitted by the mosquito Anopheles dureni.


A species of AVIPOXVIRUS, subfamily CHORDOPOXVIRINAE. Canarypox virus vectors are used in vaccine and immunotherapy research.


Social Anhedonia
Physical Anhedonia
Anhedonia

Inability to experience pleasure due to impairment or dysfunction of normal psychological and neurobiological mechanisms. It is a symptom of many PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS (e.g., DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; and SCHIZOPHRENIA).


Unstable isotopes of calcium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ca atoms with atomic weights 39, 41, 45, 47, 49, and 50 are radioactive calcium isotopes.


Solutions that have a lesser osmotic pressure than a reference solution such as blood, plasma, or interstitial fluid.


Hypothalamic Diseases
Hypothalamic Overactivity Syndrome
Froehlich's Syndrome
Hypothalamic-Neurohypophyseal Disorders
Hypothalamic Dysfunction Syndromes
Hypothalamic Pseudopuberty
Hypothalamic-Adenohypophyseal Disorders
Hypothalamic Dysinhibition Syndrome
Pituitary Diencephalic Syndrome

Neoplastic, inflammatory, infectious, and other diseases of the hypothalamus. Clinical manifestations include appetite disorders; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; SLEEP DISORDERS; behavioral symptoms related to dysfunction of the LIMBIC SYSTEM; and neuroendocrine disorders.


A colorless, flammable, poisonous liquid, CS2. It is used as a solvent, and is a counterirritant and has local anesthetic properties but is not used as such. It is highly toxic with pronounced CNS, hematologic, and dermatologic effects.


Zamiaceae Lepidozamia Microcycas Ceratozamia Macrozamia Zamia Dioon Encephalartos

A plant family of the order Cycadales, class Cycadopsida, division CYCADOPHYTA.


Introduction of a tube into a hollow organ to restore or maintain patency if obstructed. It is differentiated from CATHETERIZATION in that the insertion of a catheter is usually performed for the introducing or withdrawing of fluids from the body.


Horizontal and, to a lesser degree, axial movement of a tooth in response to normal forces, as in occlusion. It refers also to the movability of a tooth resulting from loss of all or a portion of its attachment and supportive apparatus, as seen in periodontitis, occlusal trauma, and periodontosis. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p507 & Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p313)


Tracheal Cyst
Thymic Cyst
Thoracic Cyst
Mediastinal Cyst
Pericardial Cyst

Cysts of one of the parts of the mediastinum: the superior part, containing the trachea, esophagus, thoracic duct and thymus organs; the inferior middle part, containing the pericardium; the inferior anterior part containing some lymph nodes; and the inferior posterior part, containing the thoracic duct and esophagus.


Arixtra
Fondaparinux
Fondaparinux Sodium
Quixidar

Synthetic pentasaccharide that mediates the interaction of HEPARIN with ANTITHROMBINS and inhibits FACTOR Xa; it is used for prevention of VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM after surgery.


Electrical Equipment and Supplies
Electronic Equipment and Supplies

Apparatus and instruments that generate and operate with ELECTRICITY, and their electrical components.


A genus of ascomycetous fungi in the family Clavicipitaceae, order HYPOCREALES, which are fungal symbionts of grasses. Anamorphic forms are in the genus NEOTYPHODIUM.


The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.


A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA GYRASE.


A syndrome characterized by CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE and GONADAL DYSGENESIS in phenotypic females with karyotype of 46,XY or female individual with a normal 46,XX karyotype. It is caused by donor splice-site mutations of Wilms tumor suppressor gene (GENES, WILMS TUMOR) on chromosome 11.


A proposed genus with one species: Histophilus ovis.


The transmission and reception of electric impulses or signals by means of electric waves without a connecting wire, or the use of these waves for the wireless transmission of electric impulses into which sound is converted. (From Webster's 3d)


The process by which antigen is presented to lymphocytes in a form they can recognize. This is performed by antigen presenting cells (APCs). Some antigens require processing before they can be recognized. Antigen processing consists of ingestion and partial digestion of the antigen by the APC, followed by presentation of fragments on the cell surface. (From Rosen et al., Dictionary of Immunology, 1989)


Works about exclusive legal rights or privileges applied to inventions, plants, etc.


The force per unit area that the air exerts on any surface in contact with it. Primarily used for articles pertaining to air pressure within a closed environment.


Yucca schidigera
Yucca
Yucca filamentosa

A genus (and common name) in the Asparagaceae family. It is known for SAPONINS in the root that are used in SOAPS.


A subfield of acoustics dealing in the radio frequency range higher than acoustic SOUND waves (approximately above 20 kilohertz). Ultrasonic radiation is used therapeutically (DIATHERMY and ULTRASONIC THERAPY) to generate HEAT and to selectively destroy tissues. It is also used in diagnostics, for example, ULTRASONOGRAPHY; ECHOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; and ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, to visually display echoes received from irradiated tissues.


A superfamily of parasitic nematodes consisting of several genera. ENTEROBIUS, which occurs in humans, and Oxyuris, which occurs in horses, are two of the most common. Other genera are: Skrjabinema, Passalurus, Dermatoxys, and Probstmayria.


Orientation of intracellular structures especially with respect to the apical and basolateral domains of the plasma membrane. Polarized cells must direct proteins from the Golgi apparatus to the appropriate domain since tight junctions prevent proteins from diffusing between the two domains.


Organization of medical and nursing care according to the degree of illness and care requirements in the hospital. The elements are intensive care, intermediate care, self-care, long-term care, and organized home care.


A generic term for all substances having the properties of stretching under tension, high tensile strength, retracting rapidly, and recovering their original dimensions fully. They are generally POLYMERS.


The immediate physical zone surrounding plant roots that include the plant roots. It is an area of intense and complex biological activity involving plants, microorganisms, other soil organisms, and the soil.


Steroidal compounds in which one or more carbon atoms in the steroid ring system have been substituted with nitrogen atoms.


A genus of gram-negative, aerobic or microaerophilic, colorless filaments. It is nonfruiting, motile by gliding, and found in freshwater sediments and cow dung. One species (V. stercoraria) is considered morphologically to be a streptobacillus. That species is strictly aerobic and produces a homodimeric bacterial hemoglobin, especially under oxygen-limited growth conditions. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)


Collection and analysis of data pertaining to operations of a particular library, library system, or group of independent libraries, with recommendations for improvement and/or ordered plans for further development.


A chronic, malignant T-cell lymphoma of the skin. In the late stages, the LYMPH NODES and viscera are affected.


An EGF family member that plays an important role in regulating growth and differentiation of PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Betacellulin has specificity for the EGF RECEPTOR and the ERBB-4 RECEPTOR.


Sexual attraction or relationship between males.


A type of CARTILAGE characterized by a homogenous amorphous matrix containing predominately TYPE II COLLAGEN and ground substance. Hyaline cartilage is found in ARTICULAR CARTILAGE; COSTAL CARTILAGE; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; and the NASAL SEPTUM.


A process by which a product or service takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a market and then relentlessly moves up market, eventually displacing established competitors. (http://www.claytonchristensen.com/key-concepts)


Structures within the CELL NUCLEUS of insect cells containing DNA.


The anterior aspect of the casing that surrounds the natural CRYSTALLINE LENS.


The articulations extending from the WRIST distally to the FINGERS. These include the WRIST JOINT; CARPAL JOINTS; METACARPOPHALANGEAL JOINT; and FINGER JOINT.


New abnormal growth of tissue in the THORAX.


Process of increasing the capacity of individuals or groups to make choices and to transform those choices into desired actions as deigned by the individuals or groups.


A complete denture replacing all the natural maxillary teeth and associated maxillary structures. It is completely supported by the oral tissue and underlying maxillary bone.


A genus of zygomycetous fungi of the family Mucoraceae, order MUCORALES, a common saprophyte and facultative parasite of mature fruits and vegetables. It may cause cerebral mycoses in diabetes and cutaneous infection in severely burned patients.


Social welfare organizations with programs designed to assist individuals in need.


A genus of bacteria which comprises a heterogenous group of gram-negative small rods and coccoid forms associated with arthropods. (From Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol 1, 1984)


A branch of physical chemistry which studies chemical reactions, isomerization and physical behavior that may occur under the influence of visible and/or ultraviolet light.


Light-Harvesting Bacteriochlorophyll Protein Complexes

Light harvesting proteins found in phycobilisomes.


Culturelle
Lactobacillus rhamnosus
Lactobacillus GG

A strain of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 53103) that is widely used as a PROBIOTIC and for the treatment of DIARRHEA.


A circumscribed melanosis consisting of a brown-pigmented, velvety verrucosity or fine papillomatosis appearing in the axillae and other body folds. It occurs in association with endocrine disorders, underlying malignancy, administration of certain drugs, or as in inherited disorder.


A plant genus of the family ERICACEAE. The common name of "wintergreen" is also used for PYROLA and "snowberry" is also used for SYMPHORICARPOS.


Exposing oneself to SUNLIGHT or ULTRAVIOLET RAYS for the purpose of getting a SUNTAN.


The event that a FETUS is born alive with heartbeats or RESPIRATION regardless of GESTATIONAL AGE. Such liveborn is called a newborn infant (INFANT, NEWBORN).


A plant genus of the family PROTEACEAE that is the source of edible NUTS.


A plant family of the order Urticales, subclass Hamamelidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is most notable for the members, Cannabis and Hops.


Instruments used to observe distant objects.


A small, often impalpable benign papilloma arising in a lactiferous duct and frequently causing bleeding from the nipple. (Stedman, 25th ed)


A genus of anoxygenic, photosynthetic, nonmotile, spherical to slightly ovoid bacterial cells occurring singly, or in aggregates of two or four, and usually surrounded with slime. It is found in stagnant water, mud of ponds, estuaries, and microbial mats of salt marshes. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)


An order of extremely thermophilic, sulfate-reducing archaea, in the kingdom EURYARCHAEOTA. The single family Archaeoglobaceae contains one genus ARCHAEOGLOBUS.


Unstable isotopes of fluorine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. F atoms with atomic weights 17, 18, and 20-22 are radioactive fluorine isotopes.


Changes that occur to liberate the enzymes of the ACROSOME of a sperm (SPERMATOZOA). Acrosome reaction allows the sperm to penetrate the ZONA PELLUCIDA and enter the OVUM during FERTILIZATION.


Any member of the class of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of the substrate and the addition of water to the resulting molecules, e.g., ESTERASES, glycosidases (GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASES), lipases, NUCLEOTIDASES, peptidases (PEPTIDE HYDROLASES), and phosphatases (PHOSPHORIC MONOESTER HYDROLASES). EC 3.


Turbidimetry
Nephelometry
Nephelometry and Turbidimetry

Chemical analysis based on the phenomenon whereby light, passing through a medium with dispersed particles of a different refractive index from that of the medium, is attenuated in intensity by scattering. In turbidimetry, the intensity of light transmitted through the medium, the unscattered light, is measured. In nephelometry, the intensity of the scattered light is measured, usually, but not necessarily, at right angles to the incident light beam.


An alcoholic beverage usually made from malted cereal grain (as barley), flavored with hops, and brewed by slow fermentation.


Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)


Financial assistance to impoverished persons for the essentials of living through federal, state or local government programs.


A benign condition of the tongue characterized by hypertrophy of the filiform papillae that give the dorsum of the tongue a furry appearance. The color of the elongated papillae varies from yellowish white to brown or black, depending upon staining by substances such as tobacco, food, or drugs. (Dorland, 27th ed)


The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)


Salts and derivatives of acetoacetic acid.


A man-made radioactive element of the actinide metal series. It has the atomic symbol No, and atomic number 102.


The placing of a body or a part thereof into a liquid.


A genus of freshwater mussel in the family MYTILIDAE, class BIVALVIA. It is found in tropical and warm temperate coastal waters. Most species have green in their shells.


A lipid cofactor that is required for normal blood clotting. Several forms of vitamin K have been identified: VITAMIN K 1 (phytomenadione) derived from plants, VITAMIN K 2 (menaquinone) from bacteria, and synthetic naphthoquinone provitamins, VITAMIN K 3 (menadione). Vitamin K 3 provitamins, after being alkylated in vivo, exhibit the antifibrinolytic activity of vitamin K. Green leafy vegetables, liver, cheese, butter, and egg yolk are good sources of vitamin K.


The distance from the sole to the crown of the head with body standing on a flat surface and fully extended.


Facility for the procurement, care, study, and display of objects of scholarly interest or value.


The purified, alkaloidal, extra-potent form of cocaine. It is smoked (free-based), injected intravenously, and orally ingested. Use of crack results in alterations in function of the cardiovascular system, the autonomic nervous system, the central nervous system, and the gastrointestinal system. The slang term "crack" was derived from the crackling sound made upon igniting of this form of cocaine for smoking.


Any of the numerous types of clay which contain varying proportions of Al2O3 and SiO2. They are made synthetically by heating aluminum fluoride at 1000-2000 degrees C with silica and water vapor. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)


Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed)


The region of the face on either side, around the PAROTID GLAND.


Professional organization concerned with issues affecting personal and environmental health, including federal and state funding for health programs, programs related to chronic and infectious diseases, and professional education in public health.


Physicians who specialize in providing medical care to newborn infants.


A genus of protozoa that comprise the malaria parasites of mammals. Four species infect humans (although occasional infections with primate malarias may occur). These are PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; PLASMODIUM OVALE, and PLASMODIUM VIVAX. Species causing infection in vertebrates other than man include: PLASMODIUM BERGHEI; PLASMODIUM CHABAUDI; P. vinckei, and PLASMODIUM YOELII in rodents; P. brasilianum, PLASMODIUM CYNOMOLGI; and PLASMODIUM KNOWLESI in monkeys; and PLASMODIUM GALLINACEUM in chickens.


A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilament structures resulting in multinucleated cell formation, reversible inhibition of cell movement, and the induction of cellular extrusion. Additional reported effects include the inhibition of actin polymerization, DNA synthesis, sperm motility, glucose transport, thyroid secretion, and growth hormone release.


A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p826)


A live VACCINIA VIRUS vaccine of calf lymph or chick embryo origin, used for immunization against smallpox. It is now recommended only for laboratory workers exposed to smallpox virus. Certain countries continue to vaccinate those in the military service. Complications that result from smallpox vaccination include vaccinia, secondary bacterial infections, and encephalomyelitis. (Dorland, 28th ed)


Common Cold Virus
Coryza Viruses
Rhinovirus

A genus of PICORNAVIRIDAE inhabiting primarily the respiratory tract of mammalian hosts. It includes over 100 human serotypes associated with the COMMON COLD.


The visualization of internal structure using TERAHERTZ RADIATION technologies.


Accessory salivary glands located in the lip, cheek, tongue, floor of mouth, palate and intramaxillary.


A chronic inflammation in which the NASAL MUCOSA gradually changes from a functional to a non-functional lining without mucociliary clearance. It is often accompanied by degradation of the bony TURBINATES, and the foul-smelling mucus which forms a greenish crust (ozena).


Sassafras officinale
Sassafras
Sassafras albidum

A plant genus in the LAURACEAE family. The tree bark has been used medicinally. Drinks called sarsaparilla and root beer have been prepared from Sassafras and SMILAX ORNATA (Jamaican sarsaparilla).


A genus of motile or nonmotile gram-positive bacteria of the family Clostridiaceae. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. They occur in water, soil, and in the intestinal tract of humans and lower animals.


A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that utilizes citrate as a sole carbon source. It is pathogenic for humans, causing enteric fevers, gastroenteritis, and bacteremia. Food poisoning is the most common clinical manifestation. Organisms within this genus are separated on the basis of antigenic characteristics, sugar fermentation patterns, and bacteriophage susceptibility.


Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding
Hemorrhagic Disease of Newborn

Neonatal nasogastric or intracranial hemorrhage caused by vitamin K deficiency.


Nerve structures through which impulses are conducted from a nerve center toward a peripheral site. Such impulses are conducted via efferent neurons (NEURONS, EFFERENT), such as MOTOR NEURONS, autonomic neurons, and hypophyseal neurons.


Abnormal passage communicating with the PANCREAS.


The first stomach of ruminants. It lies on the left side of the body, occupying the whole of the left side of the abdomen and even stretching across the median plane of the body to the right side. It is capacious, divided into an upper and a lower sac, each of which has a blind sac at its posterior extremity. The rumen is lined by mucous membrane containing no digestive glands, but mucus-secreting glands are present in large numbers. Coarse, partially chewed food is stored and churned in the rumen until the animal finds circumstances convenient for rumination. When this occurs, little balls of food are regurgitated through the esophagus into the mouth, and are subjected to a second more thorough mastication, swallowed, and passed on into other parts of the compound stomach. (From Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 17th ed)


Suspensions of attenuated or killed protozoa administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious protozoan disease.


The process by which ELECTRONS are transported from a reduced substrate to molecular OXYGEN. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984, p270)


Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with a SULFUR in the center ring.


A species of hydatid tapeworm (class CESTODA) in the family Taeniidae, whose adult form infects the DIGESTIVE TRACT of DOGS, other canines, and CATS. The larval form infects SHEEP; PIGS; HORSES; and may infect humans, where it migrates to various organs and forms permanent HYDATID CYSTS.


A slender and most superficial muscle in the inner THIGH which originates at the ramus of the PUBIC BONE near the PUBIC SYMPHYSIS and inserts at the proximal medial TIBIA. Its function is to abduct thigh, flex knee, and rotate leg medially. It is a common  source of a MYOCUTANEOUS FLAP.


Fractures of the larger bone of the forearm.


Aminobutyric Acids
Aminobutyrates
Aminobutyric Acid

Derivatives of BUTYRIC ACID that contain one or more amino groups attached to the aliphatic structure. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that include the aminobutryrate structure.


The process whereby PLATELETS adhere to something other than platelets, e.g., COLLAGEN; BASEMENT MEMBRANE; MICROFIBRILS; or other "foreign" surfaces.


The only genus in the family ARENAVIRIDAE. It contains two groups ARENAVIRUSES, OLD WORLD and ARENAVIRUSES, NEW WORLD, which are distinguished by antigenic relationships and geographic distribution.


Qualified medical professionals who specialize in treating KIDNEY DISEASES.


A technique that came into use in the mid-1980's for assisted conception in infertile women with normal fallopian tubes. The protocol consists of hormonal stimulation of the ovaries, followed by laparoscopic follicular aspiration of oocytes, and then the transfer of sperm and oocytes by catheterization into the fallopian tubes.


The adopting or performing the role of another significant individual in order to gain insight into the behavior of that person.


Thermal destruction of the excess bronchial SMOOTH MUSCLE tissue with heat delivered through a catheter assembly attached to a BRONCHOSCOPE. It is often used to control BRONCHIAL HYPERREACTIVITY in severe ASTHMA for better AIRWAY MANAGEMENT.


An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-glutamate and water to 2-oxoglutarate and NH3 in the presence of NAD+. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 1.4.1.2.


Irreversible FIBROSIS of the submucosal tissue of the MOUTH.


A subclass of protozoans commonly parasitic in the epithelial cells of the intestinal tract but also found in the liver and other organs. Its organisms are found in both vertebrates and higher invertebrates and comprise two orders: EIMERIIDA and EUCOCCIDIIDA.


The lower part of the SPINAL CORD consisting of the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerve roots.


The MUSCLES, bones (BONE AND BONES), and CARTILAGE of the body.


A genus of freshwater mussels in the family UNIONIDAE, class BIVALVIA.


The state of failure to initiate and complete the process of growth, reproduction, or gemination of otherwise normal plants or vegetative structures thereof.


A branch of psychology which investigates the correlation between experience or behavior and the basic neurophysiological processes. The term neuropsychology stresses the dominant role of the nervous system. It is a more narrowly defined field than physiological psychology or psychophysiology.


Works about brief accounts or narratives of an incident or event.


Pentanisia Bouvardia Schumanniophyton Isertia Rubiaceae Palicourea Cruciata Randia Pentas Saprosma Nauclea Chiococca


Infections with bacteria of the genus ALIIVIBRIO.


A species of HANTAVIRUS causing a less severe form of HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME in Asia (primarily Korea and Japan). It is transmitted by rats, especially Rattus rattus and R. norvegicus.


Tetrameres Physaloptera Spiruroidea Gongylonema Habronema

A superfamily of parasitic nematodes which requires one or two intermediate arthropod hosts before finally being eaten by the final host. Its organisms occur rarely in man.


Dilation of pupils to greater than 6 mm combined with failure of the pupils to constrict when stimulated with light. This condition may occur due to injury of the pupillary fibers in the oculomotor nerve, in acute angle-closure glaucoma, and in ADIE SYNDROME.


Persons who have experienced a prolonged survival after serious disease or who continue to live with a usually life-threatening condition as well as family members, significant others, or individuals surviving traumatic life events.


Disease resulting from exposure to beryllium. Entry into the body is not limited to the inhalation route.


An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyzes the reaction sedoheptulose 7-phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to yield D-erythrose 4-phosphate and D-fructose phosphate in the PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 2.2.1.2.


Inflammation of the choroid in which the sensory retina becomes edematous and opaque. The inflammatory cells and exudate may burst through the sensory retina to cloud the vitreous body.


A genus of SPONGES in the family Plakinidae, with the skeleton formed by small diactine (and some triactine) needle-like terminations.


A peptide which is a homopolymer of lysine.


Somatosensory evoked potentials generated through the application of HEAT to the SKIN with a LASER. They are often used clinically to assess the function of the central nociceptive system and in diagnosing NOCICEPTIVE PAIN.


Enzymes that act at a free C-terminus of a polypeptide to liberate a single amino acid residue.


A group of FLAVONOLS based on kaempferol. They are derived from naringenin and can be hydroxylated to QUERCETIN or reduced to leucopelargonidin.


The quantity of volume or surface area of CELLS.


Compounds possessing both a hydroxyl (-OH) and an amino group (-NH2).


A fluid-filled sac lined with SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE that provides a cushion between bones, tendons and/or muscles around a joint.


An order of parasitic FUNGI found mostly in ARTHROPODS; FISHES; and in some VERTEBRATES including humans. It comprises two suborders: Pansporoblastina and APANSPOROBLASTINA.


A form of violent crowd behavior which expresses the emotional release of resentments and prejudices, usually relevant to grievances toward the social system.


Inert Gas Narcosis
Nitrogen Narcosis
Depth Intoxication

Progressive mental disturbances and unconsciousness due to breathing mixtures of oxygen and inert gases (argon, helium, xenon, krypton, and atmospheric nitrogen) at high pressure.


One of a pair of small pyramidal cartilages that articulate with the lamina of the CRICOID CARTILAGE. The corresponding VOCAL LIGAMENT and several muscles are attached to it.


Dyneins that are responsible for ciliary and flagellar beating.


1,N-6-Ethenoadenosine triphosphate. A fluorescent analog of adenosine triphosphate.


Unstable isotopes of cadmium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Cd atoms with atomic weights 103-105, 107, 109, 115, and 117-119 are radioactive cadmium isotopes.


Sensitive tests to measure certain antigens, antibodies, or viruses, using their ability to agglutinate certain erythrocytes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)


The addition of a tail of polyadenylic acid (POLY A) to the 3' end of mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). Polyadenylation involves recognizing the processing site signal, (AAUAAA), and cleaving of the mRNA to create a 3' OH terminal end to which poly A polymerase (POLYNUCLEOTIDE ADENYLYLTRANSFERASE) adds 60-200 adenylate residues. The 3' end processing of some messenger RNAs, such as histone mRNA, is carried out by a different process that does not include the addition of poly A as described here.


A species of MOLLUSCIPOXVIRUS causing skin lesions in humans. It is transmitted by direct contact or from non-living reservoirs (fomites), such as books or clothing.


Signals for an action; that specific portion of a perceptual field or pattern of stimuli to which a subject has learned to respond.


The inner portion of the adrenal gland. Derived from ECTODERM, adrenal medulla consists mainly of CHROMAFFIN CELLS that produces and stores a number of NEUROTRANSMITTERS, mainly adrenaline (EPINEPHRINE) and NOREPINEPHRINE. The activity of the adrenal medulla is regulated by the SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM.


A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.


A species of Pediococcus that occurs in FERMENTED FOODS AND BEVERAGES where its ability to produce LACTIC ACID and PEDIOCINS make it useful as a FOOD PRESERVATION agent. It is also used as a PROBIOTIC.


Cardiac manifestation of gastrointestinal CARCINOID TUMOR that metastasizes to the liver. Substances secreted by the tumor cells, including SEROTONIN, promote fibrous plaque formation in ENDOCARDIUM and its underlying layers. These deposits cause distortion of the TRICUSPID VALVE and the PULMONARY VALVE eventually leading to STENOSIS and valve regurgitation.


Seeking, locating, acquiring, organizing, cataloging, displaying, storing, and maintaining whatever books are of interest to a given individual collector.


The psychiatric, sociological and psychological study and treatment of the developing child with emphasis on preventive or prophylactic measures focused on the familial, educational and socio-environmental milieu of the child.


A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus SERRATIA found in plants and the DIGESTIVE TRACT of rodents. It is the most prevalent Serratia species in the natural environment.


Chemical bond cleavage reactions resulting from absorption of radiant energy.


A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812)


Fetal Development
Fetal Growth
Fetal Programming

The permanent alteration of tissue structures and functions as a result of fetal environment, either positive or negative.


An abnormal bone development that is characterized by extra long and slender hands and fingers, such that the clenched thumb extends beyond the ulnar side of the hand. Arachnodactyly can include feet and toes. Arachnodactyly has been associated with several gene mutations and syndromes.


Professional society representing the field of nursing.


Cerebral State Index Monitor
Index of Consciousness-View Monitor
Consciousness Monitors
Bispectral Index Monitor

Devices used to assess the level of consciousness especially during anesthesia. They measure brain activity level based on the EEG.


A plant genus of the family CAPPARACEAE that contains cleogynol and 15alpha-acetoxycleomblynol (dammaranes) and 1-epibrachyacarpone (a triterpene), and ISOTHIOCYANATES.


A low-energy attractive force between hydrogen and another element. It plays a major role in determining the properties of water, proteins, and other compounds.


Rotator Cuff Tendinosis
Rotator Cuff Tendinitis
Rotator Cuff Tears
Glenoid Labral Tears
Rotator Cuff Injuries

Rupture of the tendons in the ROTATOR CUFF of the shoulder joint due to injury.


A family of Urodela consisting of 15 living genera and about 42 species and occurring in North America, Europe, Asia, and North Africa.


The turning inward of the lines of sight toward each other.


Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of hexose groups. EC 2.4.1.-.


The state of not being engaged in a gainful occupation.


A plant family of the order Najadales, subclass ALISMATIDAE, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons). This is a group of perennial aquatic herbs with basal leaves.


Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


Used formerly as antimicrobial food additive. It causes mutations in many cell cultures and may be carcinogenic.


A benign neoplasm derived from mesodermal cells that form cartilage. It may remain within the substance of a cartilage or bone (true chondroma or enchondroma) or may develop on the surface of a cartilage (ecchondroma or ecchondrosis). (Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)


Injuries involving the breaking of either several bones or one bone in two or more places.


alpha-Lactalbumin A
alpha-Lactalbumin C
alpha-Lactalbumin B
alpha-Lactalbumin
Lactalbumin

The B protein subunit of the LACTOSE SYNTHASE complex.


Cholesterol which is substituted by a hydroxy group in any position.


Epimedium grandiflorum
Epimedium
Epimedium sagittatum

A plant genus of the family BERBERIDACEAE which is used in DRUGS, CHINESE HERBAL. Members contain flavonol glycosides including epimedins, icariin and noricariin.


A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that is a source of psoralen (FICUSIN).


Excision of breast tissue with preservation of overlying skin, nipple, and areola so that breast form may be reconstructed.


A naturally occurring variation in heart rate that occurs during a BREATHING cycle, where the time between heartbeats is shortened during inspiration and prolonged during expiration. It is not the same as SINUS ARRHYTHMIA, the disorder.


Xiphophorus
Platyfish
Gambusia
Cyprinodontiformes
Mosquito Fish

An order of fish with eight families and numerous species of both egg-laying and livebearing fish. Families include Cyprinodontidae (egg-laying KILLIFISHES;), FUNDULIDAEl; (topminnows), Goodeidae (Mexican livebearers), Jenynsiidae (jenynsiids), Poeciliidae (livebearers), Profundulidae (Middle American killifishes), Aplocheilidae, and Rivulidae (rivulines). In the family Poeciliidae, the guppy and molly belong to the genus POECILIA.


Cell Therapy, Historical
Biogenic Stimulators
Tissue Therapy, Historical

Historically, substances that are produced in isolated animal and vegetable tissues in the process of adapting to adverse conditions, that when injected into the body stimulate and accelerate tissue regeneration.


A plant genus of the family RUBIACEAE. Members contain psychotridine and brachycerine (indole alkaloids).


The reforming of the MYELIN SHEATH around AXONS following loss due to injury or DEMYELINATING DISEASES.


The body fluid that circulates in the vascular system (BLOOD VESSELS). Whole blood includes PLASMA and BLOOD CELLS.


Fluconazol-Isis
Fluc Hexal
Solacap
Zonal
UK-49858
Oxifungol
Fluconazol von ct
FlucoLich
Fluconazol AL
Neofomiral
Béagyne
Fluconazol-ratiopharm
Flunazul
Fungata
Loitin
Fluconazol AbZ
Triflucan
Flucobeta
Lavisa
Fluconazol Stada
Fluconazole
Diflucan
Apo-Fluconazole

Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.


Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA.


Mercury-containing benzoic acid derivatives.


Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.


Derivatives of benzophenone (with the structural formula phenyl-(C=O)-phenyl).


Nerve fibers which project from cell bodies of AUTONOMIC GANGLIA to SYNAPSES on target organs.


A powerful flexor of the thigh at the hip joint (psoas major) and a weak flexor of the trunk and lumbar spinal column (psoas minor). Psoas is derived from the Greek "psoa", the plural meaning "muscles of the loin". It is a common site of infection manifesting as abscess (PSOAS ABSCESS). The psoas muscles and their fibers are also used frequently in experiments in muscle physiology.


Obsessive, persistent, intense fear of open places.


Inorganic or organic acids that contain sulfur as an integral part of the molecule.


The addition of an organic acid radical into a molecule.


The amount of land available for use or development.


The monomeric units from which DNA or RNA polymers are constructed. They consist of a purine or pyrimidine base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)


Anomaly of the tooth, found chiefly in upper lateral incisors. It is characterized by invagination of the enamel at the incisal edge.


A reaction that severs one of the covalent sugar-phosphate linkages between NUCLEOTIDES that compose the sugar phosphate backbone of DNA. It is catalyzed enzymatically, chemically or by radiation. Cleavage may be exonucleolytic - removing the end nucleotide, or endonucleolytic - splitting the strand in two.


A mitosporic fungal genus occasionally causing human diseases such as pulmonary infections, mycotic keratitis, endocarditis, and opportunistic infections. Its teleomorph is BYSSOCHLAMYS.


Oxidoreductases that are specific for KETONES.


A genus of GRAM-NEGATIVE AEROBIC BACTERIA of marine origin. Many species were formerly classified under ALTEROMONAS.


A term used in Eastern European research literature on brain and behavior physiology for cortical functions. It refers to the highest level of integrative function of the brain, centered in the CEREBRAL CORTEX, regulating language, thought, and behavior via sensory, motor, and cognitive processes.


Hydrogen Sulfide
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2(Sx))
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S2)
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S3)

A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)


Jurisprudence, Psychiatric
Forensic Psychiatry

Psychiatry in its legal aspects. This includes criminology, penology, commitment of mentally ill, the psychiatrist's role in compensation cases, the problems of releasing information to the court, and of expert testimony.


Hopea Dipterocarpaceae Dryobalanops Shorea Monotes Vateria


Facilitating understanding of the significance of data by placing it in a visual context. Patterns, trends and correlations that might go undetected in text-based data may be exposed and recognized easier.


The adaptation of therapeutic approaches such as pharmacological (DRUG CHRONOTHERAPY), surgical, radiological, or physical to the known variations in biological RHYTHMICITY, such as CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS. The treatment is aimed at supporting normal rhythms, or modifying the timing of therapy to achieve maximal efficacy and minimal adverse effect.


A plant genus of the family MORACEAE. Members have been used as an arrow poison.


The relationships between symbols and their meanings.


Personality evaluation based on the scoring of several variables as a result of the subject's responses in perceiving 47 inkblot plates.


Parasitic plants that form a bushy growth on branches of host trees which are in the order Santalales. It includes the Christmas mistletoe family (VISCACEAE), the showy mistletoe family (LORANTHACEAE) and the catkin mistletoe family (Eremolepidaceae). The composition of toxins, lectins, tyramine, phenethylamines, and other compounds may be affected by the host.


A movement, caused by sequential muscle contraction, that pushes the contents of the intestines or other tubular organs in one direction.


A climate which is typical of equatorial and tropical regions, i.e., one with continually high temperatures with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)


A 6-methyl PROGESTERONE acetate with reported glucocorticoid activity and effect on ESTRUS.


An immunologic deficiency state characterized by selective deficiencies of one or more, but not all, classes of immunoglobulins.


High molecular weight (1,500,000 to 3,000,000) hemoglobins found in the plasma of many polychete and oligochete annelid worms, crustaceans, insects, and mollusks. They bind one mole of oxygen per heme and function as oxygen carriers.


Membranous cisternae of the CHLOROPLAST containing photosynthetic pigments, reaction centers, and the electron-transport chain. Each thylakoid consists of a flattened sac of membrane enclosing a narrow intra-thylakoid space (Lackie and Dow, Dictionary of Cell Biology, 2nd ed). Individual thylakoids are interconnected and tend to stack to form aggregates called grana. They are found in cyanobacteria and all plants.


Derivatives of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton. Flavin derivatives serve an electron transfer function as ENZYME COFACTORS in FLAVOPROTEINS.


The convoluted tubules in the TESTIS where sperm are produced (SPERMATOGENESIS) and conveyed to the RETE TESTIS. Spermatogenic tubules are composed of developing germ cells and the supporting SERTOLI CELLS.


Graphic registration of the heart sounds picked up as vibrations and transformed by a piezoelectric crystal microphone into a varying electrical output according to the stresses imposed by the sound waves. The electrical output is amplified by a stethograph amplifier and recorded by a device incorporated into the electrocardiograph or by a multichannel recording machine.


A plant genus of the family WINTERACEAE. They have leathery, elliptic-shaped leaves; red-tinged shoots; and jasmine-scented, cream-colored, 8- to 12-petaled, 2.5-centimeter (1-inch) flowers in clusters.


Abdominal artery that follows the curvature of the stomach. The right gastroepiploic artery is frequently used in CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING; MYOCARDIAL REVASCULARIZATION, and other vascular reconstruction.


A plant species of the family CUCURBITACEAE, order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae known for the melon fruits with reticulated (net) surface including cantaloupes, honeydew, casaba, and Persian melons.


The study of the structure of various TISSUES of organisms on a microscopic level.


In some animals, the jaws together with their horny covering. The beak usually refers to the bill of birds in which the whole varies greatly in form according of the food and habits of the bird. While the beak refers most commonly to birds, the anatomical counterpart is found also in the turtle, squid, and octopus. (From Webster, 3d ed & Storer, et al., General Zoology, 6th ed, p491, 755)


Rural Communities
Rural Spatial Distribution
Rural Population

The inhabitants of rural areas or of small towns classified as rural.


A species of gram-negative bacteria that causes MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIA OF SWINE. The organism damages the CILIA in the airways of the pig, and thus compromises one of the most effective mechanical barriers against invading pathogens. The resulting weakening of the IMMUNE SYSTEM can encourage secondary infections, leading to porcine respiratory disease complex.


Organopyrophosphorus Compounds
Organophosphorus Compounds

Organic compounds that contain phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule. Included under this heading is broad array of synthetic compounds that are used as PESTICIDES and DRUGS.


The sudden sensation of being cold. It may be accompanied by SHIVERING.


Ticlopidine Hydrochloride
Ticlid
Ticlodone
Ticlopidine
Ticlodix
53-32C

An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.


Any chemical species which accepts an electron-pair from a LEWIS BASE in a chemical bonding reaction.


A family of serine-threonine kinases that are specific for G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS. They are regulatory proteins that play a role in G-protein-coupled receptor densensitization.


Ability to make speech sounds that are recognizable.


Opipramol Hydrochloride
Insidon
Opipramol

A tricyclic antidepressant with actions similar to AMITRIPTYLINE.


Government Regulation
Government Regulation and Oversight

Exercise of governmental authority to control conduct.


Nonsusceptibility of bacteria to the antibiotic KANAMYCIN, which can bind to their 70S ribosomes and cause misreading of messenger RNA.


Pregnadienes which have undergone ring contractions or are lacking carbon-18 or carbon-19.


Antilipemic agent with high ophthalmic toxicity. According to Merck Index, 11th ed, the compound was withdrawn from the market in 1962 because of its association with the formation of irreversible cataracts.


A common superficial bacterial infection caused by STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS or group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. Characteristics include pustular lesions that rupture and discharge a thin, amber-colored fluid that dries and forms a crust. This condition is commonly located on the face, especially about the mouth and nose.


The science that investigates the principles governing correct or reliable inference and deals with the canons and criteria of validity in thought and demonstration. This system of reasoning is applicable to any branch of knowledge or study. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed & Sippl, Computer Dictionary, 4th ed)


Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.


A class of parasitic FUNGI. Characteristics include spores that are spherical, oval, or tubular in shape and sporoplasm which is uninuclear or binuclear.


Toxins isolated from any species of the seaweed Lyngbya or similar chemicals from other sources, including mollusks and micro-organisms. These have been found to be potent tumor promoters. They are biosynthesized from TRYPTOPHAN; VALINE; and METHIONINE nonribosomally (PEPTIDE BIOSYNTHESIS, NUCLEIC ACID-INDEPENDENT).


A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that contains crotalarin.


An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.


Cellular receptors which mediate the sense of temperature. Thermoreceptors in vertebrates are mostly located under the skin. In mammals there are separate types of thermoreceptors for cold and for warmth and NOCICEPTORS which detect cold or heat extreme enough to cause pain.


Process of administering an anesthetic through injection directly into the bloodstream.


A protein-nucleic acid complex which forms part or all of a virion. It consists of a CAPSID plus enclosed nucleic acid. Depending on the virus, the nucleocapsid may correspond to a naked core or be surrounded by a membranous envelope.


A cyclin subtype that is found associated with CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 5; cyclin G associated kinase, and PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2.


Nisentil
Alphaprodine Hydrochloride
Prodine
Alphaprodine

An opioid analgesic chemically related to and with an action resembling that of MEPERIDINE, but more rapid in onset and of shorter duration. It has been used in obstetrics, as pre-operative medication, for minor surgical procedures, and for dental procedures. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1067)


A genus of the ascomycetous yeast in the family Saccharomycodaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES, that contributes to the spontaneous fermentation of cider. Anamorphic forms are in the genus KLOECKERA.


A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria whose organisms are associated with plants as pathogens, saprophytes, or as constituents of the epiphytic flora.


The social context within which all individuals exist and acknowledge the emotional and embodied aspects of decision-makers. The approach acknowledges the central role of others in decision-making, including clinicians, who have a responsibility to engage patients’ and surrogates’ emotional experiences.


Any of a group of plants formed by a symbiotic combination of a fungus with an algae or CYANOBACTERIA, and sometimes both. The fungal component makes up the bulk of the lichen and forms the basis for its name.


A mono-hydroxylated xanthophyll that is a provitamin A precursor.


Substances that stimulate mitosis and lymphocyte transformation. They include not only substances associated with LECTINS, but also substances from streptococci (associated with streptolysin S) and from strains of alpha-toxin-producing staphylococci. (Stedman, 25th ed)


An abnormal hardening or increased density of bone tissue.


The fumitory, or bleeding-heart plant family of the order Papaverales, subclass Magnoliidae, class Magnoliopsida. Flowers are bisexual, with two small sepals and four petals, one pistil and six stamens.


Coloration or discoloration of a part by a pigment.


A plant genus of the family ARACEAE. The common name of Calla Lily or Callalily also refers to the Calla genus (CALLA PLANT).


A plant genus of the family MALPIGHIACEAE. G. glauca is the source of 'Galphimia glauca extract' and contains 'galphimine B' and tetragalloylquinic acid.


A vascular, horny neoplasm of the skin characterized by TELANGIECTASIS and secondary epithelial changes including acanthosis and hyperkeratosis.


A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.


The two dimensional measure of the outer layer of the body.


Behaviors associated with the giving of assistance or aid to individuals.


A surgical specialty concerned with correcting conditions related to malposition of the jawbones and other related MAXILLOFACIAL ABNORMALITIES (e.g., CLEFT PALATE; RETROGNATHISM).


Process whereby the immune system reacts against the body's own tissues. Autoimmunity may produce or be caused by AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.


Exploratory Behavior
Curiosity
Novelty-Seeking Behavior

The tendency to explore or investigate a novel environment. It is considered a motivation not clearly distinguishable from curiosity.


A carcinoma that originates in the EPITHELIUM of the NASOPHARYNX and includes four subtypes: keratinizing squamous cell, non-keratinizing, basaloid squamous cell, and PAPILLARY ADENOCARCINOMA. It is most prevalent in Southeast Asian populations and is associated with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS. Somatic mutations associated with this cancer have been identified in NPCR, BAP1, UBAP1, ERBB2, ERBB3, MLL2, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, and ARID1A genes.


Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Organelle Biogenesis

The growth and division of pre-existing MITOCHONDRIA.


Musanga Cecropiaceae Myrianthus Urticaceae

A plant genus of the family Cecropiaceae that contains cecropic acid.


A hypnotic and sedative used in the treatment of INSOMNIA.


Cell membranes associated with synapses. Both presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are included along with their integral or tightly associated specializations for the release or reception of transmitters.


A chronic lung disease developed after OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY or mechanical ventilation (VENTILATION, MECHANICAL) usually occurring in certain premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE) or newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN). Histologically, it is characterized by the unusual abnormalities of the bronchioles, such as METAPLASIA, decrease in alveolar number, and formation of CYSTS.


A family of blood flukes of the class Trematoda which is found in animals and man. It Includes the genera Heterobilharzia, Schistosomatium, Schistosoma, Ornithobilharzia, Bilharziella, Trichobilharzia, Pseudobilharzia, and Austrobilharzia.


A genus of ascomycetous fungi, family Sordariaceae, order SORDARIALES, comprising bread molds. They are capable of converting tryptophan to nicotinic acid and are used extensively in genetic and enzyme research. (Dorland, 27th ed)


The genetic constitution of individuals with respect to one member of a pair of allelic genes, or sets of genes that are closely linked and tend to be inherited together such as those of the MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX.


Agreements between two or more parties, especially those that are written and enforceable by law (American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th ed). It is sometimes used to characterize the nature of the professional-patient relationship.


A mycotoxin with antibiotic and carcinogenic activity produced by various strains of PENICILLIUM and ASPERGILLUS. It has been found in tobacco, sausages, and corn.


Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of nitrogenous groups, primarily amino groups, from a donor, generally an amino acid, to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxoacid. EC 2.6.


Lumbar Plexus
Lumbosacral Plexus
Sacral Plexus

The lumbar and sacral plexuses taken together. The fibers of the lumbosacral plexus originate in the lumbar and upper sacral spinal cord (L1 to S3) and innervate the lower extremities.


Facilities for the preparation of the dead for burial or cremation, for the viewing of the body, and for funeral services.


A family of BACTERIOPHAGES and ARCHAEAL VIRUSES which are characterized by complex contractile tails.


Protamine Sulfate
Protamine Chloride
Protamines

A group of simple proteins that yield basic amino acids on hydrolysis and that occur combined with nucleic acid in the sperm of fish. Protamines contain very few kinds of amino acids. Protamine sulfate combines with heparin to form a stable inactive complex; it is used to neutralize the anticoagulant action of heparin in the treatment of heparin overdose. (From Merck Index, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p692)


Altitude Hypoxia
Mountain Sickness
Altitude Sickness

Low ambient oxygen tension associated with ALTITUDE.


That component of SPEECH which gives the primary distinction to a given speaker's VOICE when pitch and loudness are excluded. It involves both phonatory and resonatory characteristics. Some of the descriptions of voice quality are harshness, breathiness and nasality.


Interpersonal modification of psychodynamic psychotherapy. Therapy is present-focused and seeks to resolve problems in interpersonal relations. Aspects of attachment theory are used to analyze how past relationships affect current relationships.


Tumors of bone tissue or synovial or other soft tissue characterized by the presence of giant cells. The most common are giant cell tumor of tendon sheath and GIANT CELL TUMOR OF BONE.


A complex network of nerve fibers in the pelvic region. The hypogastric plexus distributes sympathetic fibers from the lumbar paravertebral ganglia and the aortic plexus, parasympathetic fibers from the pelvic nerve, and visceral afferents. The bilateral pelvic plexus is in its lateral extent.


Rod-shaped storage granules for VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR specific to endothelial cells.


Bicyclic bridged compounds that contain a nitrogen which has three bonds. The nomenclature indicates the number of atoms in each path around the rings, such as [2.2.2] for three equal length paths. Some members are TROPANES and BETA LACTAMS.


NANOTUBES formed from cyclic peptides (PEPTIDES, CYCLIC). Alternating D and L linkages create planar rings that self assemble by stacking into nanotubes. They can form pores through CELL MEMBRANE causing damage to cells.


A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)


An abnormal hemoglobin composed of four beta chains. It is caused by the reduced synthesis of the alpha chain. This abnormality results in ALPHA-THALASSEMIA.


Species that causes leaf scald, an important disease of SUGARCANE.


Urea compounds which are substituted with one or more methyl groups.


Gram-negative organisms including apparently free-living saphrophytes as well as mammalian and avian parasites, and possibly pathogens.


A fruit of trees of the Persea genus. It is known for its oily content.


Books used for sex education and procedural instruction.


Sensory Disorders
Sensation Disorders
Special Senses Disorders

Disorders of the special senses (i.e., VISION; HEARING; TASTE; and SMELL) or somatosensory system (i.e., afferent components of the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM).


Community of tiny aquatic PLANTS and ANIMALS, and photosynthetic BACTERIA, that are either free-floating or suspended in the water, with little or no power of locomotion. They are divided into PHYTOPLANKTON and ZOOPLANKTON.


A genus of destructive root-parasitic OOMYCETES in the family Pythiaceae, order Peronosporales, commonly found in cultivated soils all over the world. Differentiation of zoospores takes place in a vesicle.


Radiography of the heart and great vessels after injection of a contrast medium.


Plastic surgery of the SCLERA. This procedure is used frequently to prevent blindness and poor vision in patients, especially children, with MYOPIA.


Negative test results in subjects who possess the attribute for which the test is conducted. The labeling of diseased persons as healthy when screening in the detection of disease. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)


Regulations to assure protection of property and equipment.


Inorganic compounds that contain iodine as an integral part of the molecule.


Corynebacteriaceae
Actinomycetales
Coryneform Group

An order of gram-positive, primarily aerobic BACTERIA that tend to form branching filaments.


A quantitative value of a measured amount of a specific food that is equal to the GLYCEMIC INDEX of that food multiplied by the carbohydrate content of that food.


A genus of basidiomycetous mushroom in the family Strophariaceae, exhibiting a bipolar mating system.


The branch of anatomy that concerns the structure and function of bones.


A plant genus. Members contain naphthopyranones.


A vasodilator with general properties similar to NITROGLYCERIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1020)


Devices for generating biological products that use light as the energy source. They are used for controlled BIOMASS production such as growing cyanobacteria, mosses, or algae.


Restoration of human functions to the maximum degree possible in a person or persons suffering from disease or injury.


A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that contains ternatins (anthocyanins) and preternatins, antifungal proteins, stigmast-4-ene-3,6-dione, and clitoriacetal (ROTENONE).


Agents useful in the treatment or prevention of COCCIDIOSIS in man or animals.