Telomere Lengthening
Telomere Length Maintenance
Telomere Homeostasis

Maintenance of TELOMERE length. During DNA REPLICATION, chromosome ends loose some of their telomere sequence (TELOMERE SHORTENING.) Various cellular mechanism are involved in repairing, extending, and recapping the telomere ends.


Simulation of symptoms of illness or injury with intent to deceive in order to obtain a goal, e.g., a claim of physical illness to avoid jury duty.


The physical effects involving the presence of electric charges at rest and in motion.


The spontaneous disintegration of tissues or cells by the action of their own autogenous enzymes.


A plant genus of the family MELIACEAE. Members contain lariciresinol, pregnanes, insecticidal rocaglamide derivatives and other compounds.


The quality of not being miscible with another given substance without a chemical change. One drug is not of suitable composition to be combined or mixed with another agent or substance. The incompatibility usually results in an undesirable reaction, including chemical alteration or destruction. (Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)


The valve, at the junction of the CECUM with the COLON, that guards the opening where the ILEUM enters the LARGE INTESTINE.


Stable iodine atoms that have the same atomic number as the element iodine, but differ in atomic weight. I-127 is the only naturally occurring stable iodine isotope.


Studies to determine the advantages or disadvantages, practicability, or capability of accomplishing a projected plan, study, or project.


Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)


A plant genus. Members contain furanone butenolides.


An alpha-glucosidase inhibitor with antiviral action. Derivatives of deoxynojirimycin may have anti-HIV activity.


The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.


Infection with nematodes of the superfamily OXYUROIDEA.


Soluble mediators of the immune response that are neither antibodies nor complement. They are produced largely, but not exclusively, by monocytes and macrophages.


Self Regulation, Professional
Professional Autonomy

The quality or state of being independent and self-directing, especially in making decisions, enabling professionals to exercise judgment as they see fit during the performance of their jobs.


Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.


Salts or esters of LACTIC ACID containing the general formula CH3CHOHCOOR.


Counterirritants Rubefacients Irritants Vesicants Pustulants

Drugs that act locally on cutaneous or mucosal surfaces to produce inflammation; those that cause redness due to hyperemia are rubefacients; those that raise blisters are vesicants and those that penetrate sebaceous glands and cause abscesses are pustulants; tear gases and mustard gases are also irritants.


A histone chaperone that facilitates nucleosome assembly by mediating the formation of the histone octamer and its transfer to DNA.


Specialized healthcare delivered as a follow-up or referral from a PRIMARY CARE provider.


The transmission and reproduction of transient images of fixed or moving objects. An electronic system of transmitting such images together with sound over a wire or through space by apparatus that converts light and sound into electrical waves and reconverts them into visible light rays and audible sound. (From Webster, 3rd ed)


Infections with POLYOMAVIRUS, which are often cultured from the urine of kidney transplant patients. Excretion of BK VIRUS is associated with ureteral strictures and CYSTITIS, and that of JC VIRUS with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL).


A cluster of chemical dependencies to specific foods or food in general in which there develops a physical craving for these foods.


The study of the deformation and flow of matter, usually liquids or fluids, and of the plastic flow of solids. The concept covers consistency, dilatancy, liquefaction, resistance to flow, shearing, thixotrophy, and VISCOSITY.


A network of tubules and sacs in the cytoplasm of SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS that assist with muscle contraction and relaxation by releasing and storing calcium ions.


An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.


A family in the order Chromatiales, class GAMMAPROTEOBACTERIA. These are haloalkaliphilic, phototrophic bacteria that deposit elemental sulfur outside their cells.


A species of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria that causes LEPROSY in man. Its organisms are generally arranged in clumps, rounded masses, or in groups of bacilli side by side.


A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.


A genus of zygomycetous fungi of the family Mucoraceae, order Mucorales. It is primarily saprophytic, but may cause MUCORMYCOSIS in man from spores germinating in the lungs.


A thin-walled, glandular stomach found in birds. It precedes the gizzard.


Process in which individuals take the initiative, in diagnosing their learning needs, formulating learning goals, identifying resources for learning, choosing and implementing learning strategies and evaluating learning outcomes (Knowles, 1975)


Processes used to make water more acceptable for a desired end-use


Drugs used for their effects on the kidneys' regulation of body fluid composition and volume. The most commonly used are the diuretics. Also included are drugs used for their antidiuretic and uricosuric actions, for their effects on the kidneys' clearance of other drugs, and for diagnosis of renal function.


Sexual Abuse
Sexual Violence
Sex Offenses

Any violation of established legal or moral codes in respect to sexual behavior.


The tendency to react to stimuli that are different from, but somewhat similar to, the stimulus used as a conditioned stimulus.


Agencies of the FEDERAL GOVERNMENT of the United States.


Decussation, Pyramidal
Corticospinal Tracts
Corticobulbar Tracts
Pyramidal Tracts

Fibers that arise from cells within the cerebral cortex, pass through the medullary pyramid, and descend in the spinal cord. Many authorities say the pyramidal tracts include both the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts.


A direct-acting SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxant used to dilate BLOOD VESSELS.


Each of the upper and lower folds of SKIN which cover the EYE when closed.


Enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond by means other than hydrolysis or oxidation. This subclass contains the DECARBOXYLASES, the ALDEHYDE-LYASES, and the OXO-ACID-LYASES. EC 4.1.


An order of ungulates having an odd number of toes, including the horse, tapir, and rhinoceros. (Dorland, 27th ed)


Reptiles within the order Squamata that generally possess limbs, moveable EYELIDS, and EXTERNAL EAR openings, although there are some species which lack one or more of these structures.


An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of varying combinations of clear and hobnail-shaped tumor cells. There are three predominant patterns described as tubulocystic, solid, and papillary. These tumors, usually located in the female reproductive organs, have been seen more frequently in young women since 1970 as a result of the association with intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed)


An appliance used as an artificial or prosthetic replacement for missing teeth and adjacent tissues. It does not include CROWNS; DENTAL ABUTMENTS; nor TOOTH, ARTIFICIAL.


Dientamoebiasis
Dientamoeba fragilis Infection
Dientamoeba Infection

Gastrointestinal infection with organisms of the genus DIENTAMOEBA.


A major nerve of the upper extremity. The fibers of the musculocutaneous nerve originate in the lower cervical spinal cord (usually C5 to C7), travel via the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to the upper arm, elbow, and forearm.


Resorption of calcified dental tissue, involving demineralization due to reversal of the cation exchange and lacunar resorption by osteoclasts. There are two types: external (as a result of tooth pathology) and internal (apparently initiated by a peculiar inflammatory hyperplasia of the pulp). (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p676)


A suborder of ciliate protozoa. Most organisms are free-living in fresh water and many species are used extensively for experimental studies.


Agents that mimic neural transmission by stimulation of the nicotinic receptors on postganglionic autonomic neurons. Drugs that indirectly augment ganglionic transmission by increasing the release or slowing the breakdown of acetylcholine or by non-nicotinic effects on postganglionic neurons are not included here nor are the nonspecific cholinergic agonists.


A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.


The extra volume of air that can be inspired with maximal effort after reaching the end of a normal, quiet inspiration. Common abbreviation is IRV.


The branch of medicine concerned with the delivery of comprehensive medical care to hospitalized patients. Practitioners include physicians and non-physician providers who engage in clinical care, teaching, research, or leadership in the field of general hospital medicine.(from http://www.hospitalmedicine.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Hospitalist_Definition)


Works about items gathered and assembled in some order to facilitate access or use.


The degree to which the individual regards the health care service or product or the manner in which it is delivered by the provider as useful, effective, or beneficial.


A form-genus of CYANOBACTERIA in the order Nostocales, characterized by thin trichomes, cylindrical akinetes, and terminal heterocysts.


A superfamily of parasitic nematodes which includes three genera: Thelazia, Spirocerca, and GNATHOSTOMA. Only Thelazia and GNATHOSTOMA occasionally occur in man.


An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode that ultimately may lead to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.


Stable zinc atoms that have the same atomic number as the element zinc, but differ in atomic weight. Zn-66-68, and 70 are stable zinc isotopes.


A family of tricyclic hydrocarbons whose members include many of the commonly used tricyclic antidepressants (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC).


Inherited abnormalities of fructose metabolism, which include three known autosomal recessive types: hepatic fructokinase deficiency (essential fructosuria), hereditary fructose intolerance, and hereditary fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency. Essential fructosuria is a benign asymptomatic metabolic disorder caused by deficiency in fructokinase, leading to decreased conversion of fructose to fructose-1-phosphate and alimentary hyperfructosemia, but with no clinical dysfunction; may produce a false-positive diabetes test.


A feeling of revulsion or strong disapproval aroused by something unpleasant or offensive.


Administrative units of government responsible for policy making and management of governmental activities.


A chemical that acts as a dopamine beta-hydroxylase inhibitor. Its salts are agricultural fungicides. It is inferior to diethyldithiocarbamate as a chelating agent.


A group of hydroxycorticosteroids bearing a hydroxy group at the 17-position. Urinary excretion of these compounds is used as an index of adrenal function. They are used systemically in the free alcohol form, but with esterification of the hydroxy groups, topical effectiveness is increased.


The presence of an infectious agent on instruments, prostheses, or other inanimate articles.


Nonsusceptibility of bacteria to the action of TETRACYCLINE which inhibits aminoacyl-tRNA binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit during protein synthesis.


Transmission of the readings of instruments to a remote location by means of wires, radio waves, or other means. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)


An unusual cyclin subtype that is found highly expressed in terminally differentiated cells. Unlike conventional cyclins increased expression of cyclin G2 is believed to cause a withdrawal of cells from the CELL CYCLE.


Beaches, both natural and man-made, used for bathing and other activities.


Devices intended to replace non-functioning organs. They may be temporary or permanent. Since they are intended always to function as the natural organs they are replacing, they should be differentiated from PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS and specific types of prostheses which, though also replacements for body parts, are frequently cosmetic (EYE, ARTIFICIAL) as well as functional (ARTIFICIAL LIMBS).


Disaster Planning
Disaster Relief Planning

Pre-event effort to coordinate and plan for response to disaster.


Distributed Systems
Network Communication Protocols
Telecommunication Networks
Computer Network Management
Computer Communication Networks
Extranets
Databases, Distributed
Intranets

A system containing any combination of computers, computer terminals, printers, audio or visual display devices, or telephones interconnected by telecommunications equipment or cables: used to transmit or receive information. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)


A condition in which the FORESKIN, once retracted, cannot return to its original position. If this condition persists, it can lead to painful constriction of GLANS PENIS, swelling, and impaired blood flow to the penis.


The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.


The study of literature in its widest sense, including grammar, etymology, criticism, literary history, language history, linguistic history, systems of writing, and anything else that is relevant to literature or language viewed as literature. Philology as a discipline has both philosophical and scientific overtones.


A species of gram-negative bacteria causing URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS and SEPTICEMIA.


The selecting and organizing of visual stimuli based on the individual's past experience.


Pinhead size (3 mm) skin discolorization due to hemorrhage.


Standardized tests that measure the present general ability or aptitude for intellectual performance.


Iodamide Sodium
Iodomiron
Iodamide
Uromiro
Odiston

An ionic monomeric contrast medium. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)


Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with Japanese B encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, JAPANESE).


Partial or total surgical excision of the tongue. (Dorland, 28th ed)


Infection in humans and animals caused by any fungus in the order Mucorales (e.g., Absidia, Mucor, Rhizopus etc.) There are many clinical types associated with infection of the central nervous system, lung, gastrointestinal tract, skin, orbit and paranasal sinuses. In humans, it usually occurs as an opportunistic infection in patients with a chronic debilitating disease, particularly uncontrolled diabetes, or who are receiving immunosuppressive agents. (From Dorland, 28th ed)


The outer layer of the adrenal gland. It is derived from MESODERM and comprised of three zones (outer ZONA GLOMERULOSA, middle ZONA FASCICULATA, and inner ZONA RETICULARIS) with each producing various steroids preferentially, such as ALDOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and ANDROSTENEDIONE. Adrenal cortex function is regulated by pituitary ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN.


Zinc Polycarboxylate Cement
Polycarboxylate Cement

Water-soluble low-molecular-weight polymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid that form solid, insoluble products when mixed with specially prepared ZnO powder. The resulting cement adheres to dental enamel and is also used as a luting agent.


A genus of fungi in the family Neocallimasticaceae, order NEOCALLIMASTIGALES. They contain polyflagellate zoospores and grow on a range of simple and complex carbohydrates in the rumen of sheep and cattle.


A species of gram-negative bacteria causing contagious agalactia of SHEEP and GOATS.


Any one of five terminal digits of the vertebrate FOOT.


Allosteric enzymes that regulate glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. These enzymes catalyze phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to either fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE-1 reaction), or to fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE-2 reaction).


An N-acetylglycosamine containing antiviral antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lysosuperificus. It is also active against some bacteria and fungi, because it inhibits the glucosylation of proteins. Tunicamycin is used as tool in the study of microbial biosynthetic mechanisms.


A distribution function used to describe the occurrence of rare events or to describe the sampling distribution of isolated counts in a continuum of time or space.


The part of a human or animal body connecting the HEAD to the rest of the body.


Diagnostic tests conducted in order to measure the increment of active DENTAL CARIES over a period of time.


A plant genus of the family IRIDACEAE that contains IRIP, a type-1 ribosome-inactivating protein, and iridals (TRITERPENES).


A species of POLYOMAVIRUS suspected to be the cause of most cases of MERKEL CELL CARCINOMA, a rare but highly lethal form of skin cancer.


Chromosome regions that are loosely packaged and more accessible to RNA polymerases than HETEROCHROMATIN. These regions also stain differentially in CHROMOSOME BANDING preparations.


Common name for two distinct groups of BIRDS in the order GALLIFORMES: the New World or American quails of the family Odontophoridae and the Old World quails in the genus COTURNIX, family Phasianidae.


A FLAVOPROTEIN enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative demethylation of dimethylglycine to SARCOSINE and FORMALDEHYDE.


Modifying, carrying, or manipulating an item external to itself by an animal, before using it to effect a change on the environment or itself (from Beck, Animal Tool Behavior, 1980).


A regressive change of teeth characterized by excessive development of secondary cementum on the tooth surface. It may occur on any part of the root, but the apical two-thirds are most commonly affected. (Dorland, 27th ed)


The self administration of medication not prescribed by a physician or in a manner not directed by a physician.


Procedure that involves the removal of infectious products from a root canal space through use of special instruments and fillings. This procedure is performed when root canal treatment fails.


A tough transparent membrane surrounding the OVUM. It is penetrated by the sperm during FERTILIZATION.


A genus of mushrooms in the family Cortinariaceae. When ingested, species of Cortinarius cause delayed acute RENAL FAILURE.


A genus of ascomycetous yeast in the family Saccharomycetaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES. Debaryomyces hansenni is a salt-tolerant marine species.


The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different parts of the spectrum.


A glycolipid, cross-species antigen that induces production of antisheep hemolysin. It is present on the tissue cells of many species but absent in humans. It is found in many infectious agents.


A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family STAPHYLOCOCCACEAE. It is responsible for skin and soft-tissue infections among others, and is part of the normal human skin flora.


System of recording financial transactions.


A microtubule-associated mechanical adenosine triphosphatase, that uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move organelles along microtubules toward the plus end of the microtubule. The protein is found in squid axoplasm, optic lobes, and in bovine brain. Bovine kinesin is a heterotetramer composed of two heavy (120 kDa) and two light (62 kDa) chains.


Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Rebuilding of the POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT to restore functional stability of the knee.


Part of an ear examination that measures the ability of sound to reach the brain.


A radioactive element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Po, atomic number 84, and the atomic weight of the isotope with the longest half-life (209Po) is 208.98. It decays by alpha-emission.


General dysfunction of an organ occurring immediately following its transplantation. The term most frequently refers to renal dysfunction following KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.


Gram-negative aerobic rods, isolated from surface water or thermally polluted lakes or streams. Member are pathogenic for man. Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent for LEGIONNAIRES' DISEASE.


The posture of an individual lying face down.


The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)


The fundamental, structural, and functional units or subunits of living organisms. They are composed of CYTOPLASM containing various ORGANELLES and a CELL MEMBRANE boundary.


Impaired venous blood flow or venous return (venous stasis), usually caused by inadequate venous valves. Venous insufficiency often occurs in the legs, and is associated with EDEMA and sometimes with VENOUS STASIS ULCERS at the ankle.


Surgical procedure involving the creation of an opening (stoma) into the chest cavity for drainage; used in the treatment of PLEURAL EFFUSION; PNEUMOTHORAX; HEMOTHORAX; and EMPYEMA.


Planning and control of time to improve efficiency and effectiveness.


An ancient Greek medical theory that health and illness result from a balance or imbalance of body fluids or "humors". The humors are blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile.


Derivatives of UREA where one of the amino groups is replaced with hydrazine.


A species of the family Ranidae which occurs primarily in Europe and is used widely in biomedical research.


A large class of structurally-related proteins that contain one or more LIM zinc finger domains. Many of the proteins in this class are involved in intracellular signaling processes and mediate their effects via LIM domain protein-protein interactions. The name LIM is derived from the first three proteins in which the motif was found: LIN-11, Isl1 and Mec-3.


Differentiated epithelial cells of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA, found in the basal part of the intestinal crypts of Lieberkuhn. Paneth cells secrete GROWTH FACTORS, digestive enzymes such as LYSOZYME and antimicrobial peptides such as cryptdins (ALPHA-DEFENSINS) into the crypt lumen.


An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.


Usually refers to the use of mathematical models in the prediction of learning to perform tasks based on the theory of probability applied to responses; it may also refer to the frequency of occurrence of the responses observed in the particular study.


Nifluril
Flunir
Donalgin
Niflumic Acid
Niflugel
Niflactol

An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.


A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)


Respiratory system manifestations of diseases of the respiratory tract or of other organs.


Clinical manifestation consisting of a deficiency of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.


Success in bringing an effort to the desired end; the degree or level of success attained in some specified area (esp. scholastic) or in general.


Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. and other species are used medicinally.


An imaging test of the BILIARY TRACT in which a contrast dye (RADIOPAQUE MEDIA) is injected into the BILE DUCT and x-ray pictures are taken.


Inorganic binary compounds of iodine or the I- ion.


Catalyze the hydrolysis of nucleotides with the elimination of ammonia.


The creation of an amine. It can be produced by the addition of an amino group to an organic compound or reduction of a nitro group.


Fluorescence Imaging
Optical Imaging
Autofluorescence Imaging
Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging

The use of light interaction (scattering, absorption, and fluorescence) with biological tissue to obtain morphologically based information. It includes measuring inherent tissue optical properties such as scattering, absorption, and autofluorescence; or optical properties of exogenous targeted fluorescent molecular probes such as those used in optical MOLECULAR IMAGING, or nontargeted optical CONTRAST AGENTS.


An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.


Hormones secreted by the PITUITARY GLAND including those from the anterior lobe (adenohypophysis), the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis), and the ill-defined intermediate lobe. Structurally, they include small peptides, proteins, and glycoproteins. They are under the regulation of neural signals (NEUROTRANSMITTERS) or neuroendocrine signals (HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES) from the hypothalamus as well as feedback from their targets such as ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES; ANDROGENS; ESTROGENS.


A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.


Substances that inhibit the SCHIZONTS stage of protozoa. There is particular interest in them as ANTIMALARIALS.


The maximum volume of air that can be inspired after reaching the end of a normal, quiet expiration. It is the sum of the TIDAL VOLUME and the INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME. Common abbreviation is IC.


Nurse Managers
Nurse Executives
Nurse Administrators

Nurses professionally qualified in administration.


A noble gas that is found in the atmosphere. It has the atomic symbol Kr, atomic number 36, atomic weight 83.80, and has been used in electric bulbs.


Spongy Mesophyll Cells
Mesophyll Cells
Palisade Parenchyma Cells

Irregular chlorophyll-bearing mesophyll cells interspersed with air spaces.


A genus of green nonsulfur bacteria in the family Chloroflexaceae. They are photosynthetic, thermophilic, filamentous gliding bacteria found in hot springs.


Process of determining and distinguishing species of bacteria or viruses based on antigens they share.


A nonfluorescent reagent for the detection of primary amines, peptides and proteins. The reaction products are highly fluorescent.


The measurement of subcutaneous fat located directly beneath the skin by grasping a fold of skin and subcutaneous fat between the thumb and forefinger and pulling it away from the underlying muscle tissue. The thickness of the double layer of skin and subcutaneous tissue is then read with a caliper. The five most frequently measured sites are the upper arm, below the scapula, above the hip bone, the abdomen, and the thigh. Its application is the determination of relative fatness, of changes in physical conditioning programs, and of the percentage of body fat in desirable body weight. (From McArdle, et al., Exercise Physiology, 2d ed, p496-8)


Events that have extreme values of important meteorological variables. Extreme is generally defined as either taking maximum values or exceedance above pre-existing high thresholds. Such events are generally rare; for example, extreme wind speeds exceeding the 100-year return value, which have a probability of only 0.01 of occurring in any particular year. (Stephenson, 2008)


A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ne, atomic number 10, and atomic weight 20.18. It is found in the earth's crust and atmosphere as an inert, odorless gas and is used in vacuum tubes and incandescent lamps.


A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.


The sole species in the genus BILOPHILA.


A cartilaginous rod of mesodermal cells at the dorsal midline of all CHORDATE embryos. In lower vertebrates, notochord is the backbone of support. In the higher vertebrates, notochord is a transient structure, and segments of the vertebral column will develop around it. Notochord is also a source of midline signals that pattern surrounding tissues including the NEURAL TUBE development.


An injury to the skin causing erythema, tenderness, and sometimes blistering and resulting from excessive exposure to the sun. The reaction is produced by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.


A biogenic polyamine formed from spermidine. It is found in a wide variety of organisms and tissues and is an essential growth factor in some bacteria. It is found as a polycation at all pH values. Spermine is associated with nucleic acids, particularly in viruses, and is thought to stabilize the helical structure.


A sensory branch of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. The ophthalmic nerve carries general afferents from the superficial division of the face including the eyeball, conjunctiva, upper eyelid, upper nose, nasal mucosa, and scalp.


Inflammation of the anterior uvea comprising the iris, angle structures, and the ciliary body. Manifestations of this disorder include ciliary injection, exudation into the anterior chamber, iris changes, and adhesions between the iris and lens (posterior synechiae). Intraocular pressure may be increased or reduced.


A plant genus of the family APIACEAE. The seed is used in SPICES.


The deliberate attempt to influence attitudes and beliefs for furthering one's cause or damaging an opponent's cause.


A genus of the family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE (subfamily PARAMYXOVIRINAE) where all the virions have both HEMAGGLUTININ and NEURAMINIDASE activities and encode a non-structural C protein. SENDAI VIRUS is the type species.


Tests that are dependent on the clumping of cells, microorganisms, or particles when mixed with specific antiserum. (From Stedman, 26th ed)


The flow of water in enviromental bodies of water such as rivers, oceans, water supplies, aquariums, etc. It includes currents, tides, and waves.


An industry that creates products and procedures designed to enhance physical appearance and aesthetic appeal.


A vascular connective tissue formed on the surface of a healing wound, ulcer, or inflamed tissue. It consists of new capillaries and an infiltrate containing lymphoid cells, macrophages, and plasma cells.


Reference points located by visual inspection, palpation, or computer assistance, that are useful in localizing structures on or within the human body.


The fold of peritoneum by which the COLON is attached to the posterior ABDOMINAL WALL.


The act of injuring one's own body to the extent of cutting off or permanently destroying a limb or other essential part of a body.


Ventricular End-Diastolic Volume
Stroke Volume
Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Ventricular End-Systolic Volume

Volume of blood remaining in a ventricle at the end of SYSTOLE.


A malignant cystic or semicystic neoplasm. It often occurs in the ovary and usually bilaterally. The external surface is usually covered with papillary excrescences. Microscopically, the papillary patterns are predominantly epithelial overgrowths with differentiated and undifferentiated papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma cells. Psammoma bodies may be present. The tumor generally adheres to surrounding structures and produces ascites. (From Hughes, Obstetric-Gynecologic Terminology, 1972, p185)


A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod- or vibroid-shaped or fusiform bacteria that commonly produce a stalk. They are found in fresh water and soil and divide by binary transverse fission.


The recording of images in three-dimensional form on a photographic film by exposing it to a laser beam reflected from the object under study.


Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.


A genus of tree shrews of the family TUPAIIDAE which consists of about 12 species. One of the most frequently encountered species is T. glis. Members of this genus inhabit rain forests and secondary growth areas in southeast Asia.


The process of pictorial communication, between human and computers, in which the computer input and output have the form of charts, drawings, or other appropriate pictorial representation.


Use of a non-cautery–dependent mechanical device that simultaneously cuts and aspirates polyp and/or myoma tissue.


Maxillofacial Orthognathic Surgery
Maxillo-Mandibular Surgery
Jaw Surgery
Orthognathic Surgical Procedures

Surgery that involves either or both of the jaws.


A plant family of the order Myrtales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. They are mostly trees and shrubs growing in warm areas.


A branch of the celiac artery that distributes to the stomach, pancreas, duodenum, liver, gallbladder, and greater omentum.


A glycosylated extracellular myelin protein found on the MYELIN SHEATH of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. It is linked to the cell surface via a GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL LINKAGE.


A genus of aerobic or facultatively anaerobic BACTERIA, in the family Cellulomonadaceae. It is found in the SOIL and capable of hydrolyzing CELLULOSE.


Absorbent pads designed to be worn as underpants or pants liners by adults.


A plant family of the order Magnoliales, subclass Magnoliidae, class Magnoliopsida. They are trees and shrubs having an elongated conelike floral axis with fragrant flowers that have six tepals (sepals and petals that are not distinctly different) and many spirally arranged stamens.


A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.


Rare diseases that have not been well studied.


Inflammation of the LARYNGEAL MUCOSA, including the VOCAL CORDS. Laryngitis is characterized by irritation, edema, and reduced pliability of the mucosa leading to VOICE DISORDERS such as APHONIA and HOARSENESS.


A genus of GREEN ALGAE in the family Scenedesmaceae. It forms colonies of usually four or eight cylindrical cells that are widely distributed in freshwater and SOIL.


Posture while lying with the head lower than the rest of the body. Extended time in this position is associated with temporary physiologic disturbances.


A saprophytic bacterium widely distributed in soil and dust and on plants.


Either of the two principal arteries on both sides of the neck that supply blood to the head and neck; each divides into two branches, the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery.


A team sport in which two teams hit an inflated ball back and forth over a high net using their hands.


Lectins that were identified in DICTYOSTELIUM DISCOIDEUM. They bind to GALACTOSE and are involved in cell-substratum adhesion, maintenance of morphology during aggregation, and spore formation.


Unstable isotopes of gold that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Au 185-196, 198-201, and 203 are radioactive gold isotopes.


Human Research Subject Protection
Human Experimentation

Basic ethical principles that should underlie the conduct of biomedical and behavioral research involving human subjects.


Corsiaceae
Arachnitis Plant
Corsiopsis
Corsia

A plant family of the order Liliales (or by some as Dioscoreales or Burmanniales), subclass Liliidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons). They are perennial saprophytic plants obtaining their carbon from FUNGI.


A mixture of smoke and fog polluting the atmosphere. (Dorland, 27th ed)


Nucleosides in which the purine or pyrimidine base is combined with ribose. (Dorland, 28th ed)


Retroelements
Retroposons
Mobile Dispersed Genetic Elements
Retrotransposons
Retrovirus-like Elements
Ty1 Transposon
MDG1 Retrotransposons

Elements that are transcribed into RNA, reverse-transcribed into DNA and then inserted into a new site in the genome. Long terminal repeats (LTRs) similar to those from retroviruses are contained in retrotransposons and retrovirus-like elements. Retroposons, such as LONG INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS and SHORT INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS do not contain LTRs.


Systems Theory
Queuing Theory
General Systems Theory

Principles, models, and laws that apply to complex interrelationships and interdependencies of sets of linked components which form a functioning whole, a system. Any system may be composed of components which are systems in their own right (sub-systems), such as several organs within an individual organism.


Microfilament Proteins
Actin-Binding Proteins

Monomeric subunits of primarily globular ACTIN and found in the cytoplasmic matrix of almost all cells. They are often associated with microtubules and may play a role in cytoskeletal function and/or mediate movement of the cell or the organelles within the cell.


Separase is a caspase-like cysteine protease, which plays a central role in triggering ANAPHASE by cleaving the SCC1/RAD21 subunit of the cohesin complex. Cohesin holds the sister CHROMATIDS together during METAPHASE and its cleavage results in chromosome segregation.


Fenoprofen
Nalfon
Fenoprofen Dihydrate, Calcium Salt
Fenoprofen, Anhydrous, Calcium Salt
Nalgesic
Fenoprofen Calcium

A propionic acid derivative that is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.


A consistent pattern of food and drink consumption that contributes to the development and advancement of DENTAL CARIES.


A species of TRICHOMONAS that produces a refractory vaginal discharge in females, as well as bladder and urethral infections in males.


A class of ciliate protozoa. Prominent cytopharyngeal apparatus is characteristic of this class as is only a slight distinction between oral and somatic cilia.


GPI-linked proteins consisting of eight elongated leucine-rich repeats at their N-temini that are connected to the GPI  by a "stalk" region rich in prolines, serines and threonines. They bind to NOGO PROTEIN; however, some Nogo receptors also bind MYELIN ASSOCIATED GLYCOPROTEIN and other cell surface glycoproteins. Interactions between nogo receptors and their ligands modulate nerve growth and NEURONAL PLASTICITY.


Deficiency of all three cell elements of the blood, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets.


Surgical removal of an obstructing clot or foreign material which has been transported from a distant vessel by the bloodstream. Removal of a clot at its original site is called THROMBECTOMY.


Cyclic compounds that include two rings which share a single atom (usually a carbon). The simplest example of this type of compound is Spiro[2.2]pentane, which looks like a bow tie.


3-Carbamoyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl pyridinium hydroxide-5'phosphate, inner salt. A nucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-N-glycosidic linkage with the C-1 position of D-ribose. Synonyms: Nicotinamide Ribonucleotide; NMN.


Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid with hydroxyls at the 2 and 5 positions of the phenyl ring.


A synthetic PGE2 analog that has an inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion, a mucoprotective effect, and a postprandial lowering effect on gastrin. It has been shown to be efficient and safe in the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers.


Inflammation of the VULVA. It is characterized by PRURITUS and painful urination.


A genus of bacteriophages of the family INOVIRIDAE. Organisms of this genus infect Acholeplasma and Spiroplasma.


A supernumerary rib developing from an abnormal enlargement of the costal element of the C7 vertebra. This anomaly is found in 1-2% of the population and can put pressure on adjacent structures causing CERVICAL RIB SYNDROME; THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME; or other conditions.


The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)


The bones of the upper and lower LEG. They include the PELVIC BONES.


Cells contained in the bone marrow including fat cells (see ADIPOCYTES); STROMAL CELLS; MEGAKARYOCYTES; and the immediate precursors of most blood cells.


A species of gram-negative bacteria highly pathogenic to RATS and MICE. It is the primary cause of murine respiratory mycoplasmosis.


A genus of rod-shaped, almost rectangular ARCHAEA, in the family THERMOPROTEACEAE. Organisms are facultatively aerobic or strictly anaerobic, grow on various organic substrates, and are found in continental solfataras.


Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.


Selection and removal of individuals from a population or group. Culling is a common strategy with livestock and wildlife, used to control and eradicate diseases or pests, control population size, select for desired genetic characteristics, and maximize economic profit.


The study of the composition, chemical structures, and chemical reactions of living things.


Biosynthesis of GLUCOSE from nonhexose or non-carbohydrate precursors, such as LACTATE; PYRUVATE; ALANINE; and GLYCEROL.


A herpesvirus infection of CATTLE characterized by INFLAMMATION and NECROSIS of the mucous membranes of the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.


A genus of zygomycetous fungi of the family Cunninghamellaceae, order MUCORALES. Some species cause systemic infections in humans.


A spice made from the seed of the nutmeg tree, Myristica fragrans.


Works about or subject matter related to reference works listing and describing concepts related to oral medicine and dentistry.


A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.


An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.


Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.


Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines.


Pigmented or colored fluid used for writing, staining, painting, drawing, printing, or copying images.


Places designed, built, or installed to provide for a specific, non-medical function or service used by a specific, restricted group of persons.


A genus of gram-positive bacteria in the family CARNOBACTERIACEAE. They are tolerant to freezing/thawing and high pressure and able to grow at low temperatures.


A protozoan parasite that occurs naturally in the macaque. It is similar to PLASMODIUM VIVAX and produces a type of malaria similar to vivax malaria (MALARIA, VIVAX). This species has been found to give rise to both natural and experimental human infections.


Enzymes that catalyze the joining of two molecules by the formation of a carbon-carbon bond. These are the carboxylating enzymes and are mostly biotinyl-proteins. EC 6.4.


Intraocular infection caused mainly by pus-producing bacteria and rarely by fungi. The infection may be caused by an injury or surgical wound (exogenous) or by endogenous septic emboli in such diseases as bacterial endocarditis or meningococcemia.


A mixed radiolucent-radiopaque lesion of the jaws with features of both a cyst and a solid neoplasm. It is characterized microscopically by an epithelial lining showing a palisaded layer of columnar basal cells, presence of ghost cell keratinization, dentinoid, and calcification. (Stedman, 25th ed)


Board, room, and other personal assistance services generally provided on a long term basis. It excludes regular medical care.


Works about documents used for acquiring particular information or for presenting particular information in a prescribed sequence and format, often with blank spaces or lines or other methods to prompt for insertion of the requested information.


Silver Nitrate
Silver Nitrate, Silver (2+) Salt (2:1)
Alcoholic Silver Nitrate

A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.


Theoretical approach to social processes with a fundamental concern with power phenomena. There is a focus on the analysis of culture, the influence of Foucault, and the development of feminist perspectives.


Star-shaped, myofibroblast-like cells located in the periacinar, perivascular, and periductal regions of the EXOCRINE PANCREAS. They play a key role in the pathobiology of FIBROSIS; PANCREATITIS; and PANCREATIC CANCER.


A genus of NODAVIRIDAE infecting juvenile marine fish.


Oxa-Thia Crown Ethers
Cryptates
Crown Ethers
Aza-Oxa Crown Ethers
Cryptands

Macropolycyclic poly-aza-polyethers that are ether chains linked by three-coordinate nitrogen atoms.


Peripheral Anticholinergic Syndrome
Anticholinergic Syndrome
Central Anticholinergic Syndrome

Adverse drug effects associated with CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONISTS. Clinical features include TACHYCARDIA; HYPERTHERMIA; MYDRIASIS, dry skin and dry mucous membranes, decreased bowel sounds and urinary retention in peripheral anticholinergic syndrome; and HALLUCINATIONS; PSYCHOSES; SEIZURES; and COMA in central anticholinergic syndrome.


A sarcoma of the body of the uterus arising in older women, composed of more than one mesenchymal tissue, especially including striated muscle cells. It is associated with previous pelvic radiation exposure in 20% of patients. (Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1702)


Female-associated sex-specific social roles and behaviors unrelated to biologic function.


An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.


The phase of cell nucleus division following METAPHASE, in which the CHROMATIDS separate and migrate to opposite poles of the spindle.


The observation of successive phases of MOVEMENT by use of a flashing light.


Institutions specializing in the care of patients with heart disorders.


Ache
Pain
Pain, Splitting
Pain, Radiating
Suffering, Physical
Pain, Burning
Pain, Migratory
Pain, Crushing

An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.


T-cell enhancement of the B-cell response to thymic-dependent antigens.


Spectrum analysis of absorbed or emitted TERAHERTZ RADIATION.


Fellowships
Scholarships
Fellowships and Scholarships

Stipends or grants-in-aid granted by foundations or institutions to individuals for study.


Physicians who specialize in treating diseases of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.


Fluid Balance
Water-Electrolyte Balance
Electrolyte Balance

The balance of fluid in the BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS; total BODY WATER; BLOOD VOLUME; EXTRACELLULAR SPACE; INTRACELLULAR SPACE, maintained by processes in the body that regulate the intake and excretion of WATER and ELECTROLYTES, particularly SODIUM and POTASSIUM.


Observable manifestations of impaired psychological functioning.


A cyclin G subtype that is constitutively expressed throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin G1 is considered a major transcriptional target of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P53 and is highly induced in response to DNA damage.


A plant family of the order Aristolochiales subclass Magnoliidae class Magnoliopsida. They are mostly tropical woody vines and a few temperate-zone species. The flowers are 3-parted; some species lack petals while others are large and foul smelling.


Any of the eight frontal teeth (four maxillary and four mandibular) having a sharp incisal edge for cutting food and a single root, which occurs in man both as a deciduous and a permanent tooth. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p820)


The antisocial acts of children or persons under age which are illegal or lawfully interpreted as constituting delinquency.


A plant genus of the family MENISPERMACEAE. Members contain bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids.


A genus of protozoan parasites of the subclass COCCIDIA. Various species are parasitic in the epithelial cells of the liver and intestines of man and other animals.


A form of RHABDOMYOSARCOMA arising primarily in the head and neck, especially the orbit, of children below the age of 10. The cells are smaller than those of other rhabdomyosarcomas and are of two basic cell types: spindle cells and round cells. This cancer is highly sensitive to chemotherapy and has a high cure rate with multi-modality therapy. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2188)


Alkaloids derived from TYRAMINE combined with 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde via a norbelladine pathway, including GALANTAMINE, lycorine and crinine. They are found in the Amaryllidaceae (LILIACEAE) plant family.


Intestinal Mucosa
Intestinal Epithelium
Intestinal Glands

Lining of the INTESTINES, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. In the SMALL INTESTINE, the mucosa is characterized by a series of folds and abundance of absorptive cells (ENTEROCYTES) with MICROVILLI.


Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent or treat TUBERCULOSIS.


Ferrozine
Ferrozine, Monosodium Salt
Ferrozine, Monosodium Salt, Monohydrate

A ferroin compound that forms a stable magenta-colored solution with the ferrous ion. The complex has an absorption peak at 562 nm and is used as a reagent and indicator for iron.


Potassium Citrate
Potassium Citrate Anhydrous

A powder that dissolves in water, which is administered orally, and is used as a diuretic, expectorant, systemic alkalizer, and electrolyte replenisher.


Efforts to reduce risk, to address and reduce incidents and accidents that may negatively impact healthcare consumers.


A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that contains butrin and isobutrin.


A genus of roundworms in the family MOLINIEIDAE, whose species are important gastrointestinal parasites of RUMINANTS, especially CATTLE; SHEEP; and GOATS.


Infestation of animals with parasitic worms of the helminth class. The infestation may be experimental or veterinary.


Supporting cells for the developing female gamete in the OVARY. They are derived from the coelomic epithelial cells of the gonadal ridge. Granulosa cells form a single layer around the OOCYTE in the primordial ovarian follicle and advance to form a multilayered cumulus oophorus surrounding the OVUM in the Graafian follicle. The major functions of granulosa cells include the production of steroids and LH receptors (RECEPTORS, LH).


Pulse Wave Transit Time
Pulse Transit Time
Pulse Wave Analysis
Pulse Wave Velocity

The transit time of an AORTIC PRESSURE wave between two places along the ARTERIES. It is determined in part by the degree of ARTERIAL STIFFNESS.


Assessment of psychological variables by the application of mathematical procedures.


Markedly disturbed and developmentally inappropriate social relatedness that begins before age 5 and is associated with grossly pathological child care. The child may persistently fail to initiate and respond to social interactions in a developmentally appropriate way (inhibited type) or there may be a pattern of diffuse attachments with nondiscriminate sociability (disinhibited type). (From DSM-V)


Compounds that accept electrons in an oxidation-reduction reaction. The reaction is induced by or accelerated by exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the spectrum of visible or ultraviolet light.


The initial stages of the growth of SEEDS into a SEEDLINGS. The embryonic shoot (plumule) and embryonic PLANT ROOTS (radicle) emerge and grow upwards and downwards respectively. Food reserves for germination come from endosperm tissue within the seed and/or from the seed leaves (COTYLEDON). (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)


Works about creative writing, not presented as factual.


A genus of endophytic, ascomycetous mold in the family Trichocomaceae, order EUROTIALES. Anamorphic forms are in the genus PENICILLIUM.


MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).


The absence of appropriate stimuli in the physical or social environment which are necessary for the emotional, social, and intellectual development of the individual.


Chlorophylls from which the magnesium has been removed by treatment with weak acid.


Surgical reshaping of the gingivae and papillae for correction of deformities (particularly enlargements) and to provide the gingivae with a normal and functional form, the incision creating an external bevel. (Dorland, 28th ed)


Disabling osteochondrodysplasia with OSTEOSCLEROSIS, cone-shaped METAPHYSIS, and shortening of the DIAPHYSIS. It is endemic in parts of Siberia and northern China. Mineral deficiencies (e.g., selenium, iodine), fungal cereal contamination, and water contamination may be contributing factors in its etiology.


Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in any position. Some are cytotoxic serotonin analogs that are preferentially taken up by serotonergic neurons and then destroy those neurons.


Diseases affecting or involving the PARANASAL SINUSES and generally manifesting as inflammation, abscesses, cysts, or tumors.


Behavior in defense of an area against another individual or individuals primarily of the same species.


A malignant neoplasm consisting of elements of teratoma with those of embryonal carcinoma or choriocarcinoma, or both. It occurs most often in the testis. (Dorland, 27th ed)


Lists of words to which individuals are asked to respond ascertaining the conceptual meaning held by the individual.


A group of low-molecular-weight carbohydrates produced by the hydrolysis of STARCH or GLYCOGEN. They are mixtures of polymers of D-glucose units linked by alpha-(1->4) or alpha-(1->6) glycosidic bonds.


Non-susceptibility of a microbe to the action of METHICILLIN, a semi-synthetic penicillin derivative.


An enlarged sac-like lymph vessel located in the lumbar region of the abdominal cavity, just right of the ABDOMINAL AORTA.


Cells lacking a nuclear membrane so that the nuclear material is either scattered in the cytoplasm or collected in a nucleoid region.


Parasitic attack by members of the order SIPHONAPTERA.


A species of trematode blood flukes of the family Schistosomatidae which occurs at different stages in development in veins of the pulmonary and hepatic system and finally the bladder lumen. This parasite causes urinary schistosomiasis.


A species of free-living soil amoebae in the family Acanthamoebidae. It can cause ENCEPHALITIS and KERATITIS in humans.


A preparation consisting of PLATELETS concentrated in a limited volume of PLASMA. This is used in various surgical tissue regeneration procedures where the GROWTH FACTORS in the platelets enhance wound healing and regeneration.


Metabolite of ASCORBIC ACID and the oxidized form of the lactone DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID.


A genus of gram-negative opportunistic foodborne pathogens.


Slender tubular or hairlike excretory structures found in insects. They emerge from the alimentary canal between the mesenteron (midgut) and the proctodeum (hindgut).


A genus of plant viruses of the family COMOVIRIDAE in which the bipartite genome is encapsidated in separate icosahedral particles. Mosaic and mottle symptoms are characteristic, and transmission is exclusively by leaf-feeding beetles. Cowpea mosaic virus is the type species.


Porphyrins with four acetic acid and four propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings.


11- to 14-membered macrocyclic lactones with a fused isoindolone. Members with INDOLES attached at the C10 position are called chaetoglobosins. They are produced by various fungi. Some members interact with ACTIN and inhibit CYTOKINESIS.


Vaccines used to prevent POLIOMYELITIS. They include inactivated (POLIOVIRUS VACCINE, INACTIVATED) and oral vaccines (POLIOVIRUS VACCINE, ORAL).


Compounds with BENZENE fused to AZEPINES.


The informal or formal organization of a group of people based on a network of personal relationships which is influenced by the size and composition, etc., of the group.


A group of physiologically active prostaglandin endoperoxides. They are precursors in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. The most frequently encountered member of this group is the prostaglandin H2.


That part of the STOMACH close to the opening from ESOPHAGUS into the stomach (cardiac orifice), the ESOPHAGOGASTRIC JUNCTION. The cardia is so named because of its closeness to the HEART. Cardia is characterized by the lack of acid-forming cells (GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS).


Water in the form of a vapor, especially when below the boiling point and diffused. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)


An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sm, atomic number 62, and atomic weight 150.36. The oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.


Degenerative changes to the RETINA due to HYPERTENSION.


Protactyl
Promazine Hydrochloride
Sinophenin
Promazine
Sparine

A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.


gamma-Tubulin Tubulin alpha-Tubulin epsilon-Tubulin beta-Tubulin delta-Tubulin

A microtubule subunit protein found in large quantities in mammalian brain. It has also been isolated from SPERM FLAGELLUM; CILIA; and other sources. Structurally, the protein is a dimer with a molecular weight of approximately 120,000 and a sedimentation coefficient of 5.8S. It binds to COLCHICINE; VINCRISTINE; and VINBLASTINE.


3-beta-D-Ribofuranosylmaleimide. Antineoplastic antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces showdoensis. It is possibly active also as a sulfhydryl reagent.


A genus of gram-positive, anaerobic bacteria whose organisms divide in three perpendicular planes and occur in packets of eight or more cells. It has been isolated from soil, grains, and clinical specimens.


Compounds that are used in medicine as sources of radiation for radiotherapy and for diagnostic purposes. They have numerous uses in research and industry. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1161)


A nutritional reservoir of fatty tissue found mainly in insects and amphibians.


A technique of diagnostic imaging of RETINA or CORNEA of the human eye involving the measurement and interpretation of polarizing ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES such as radio or light waves. It is helpful in the diagnosis of GLAUCOMA; MACULAR DEGENERATION; and other retinal disorders.


Fluocortolone Caproate
Fluocortolone Pivalate
Fluocortolone
Ultralan

A glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity used topically for various skin disorders.


Infections with bacteria of the genus LEGIONELLA.


Any behavior associated with conflict between two individuals.


Compressive lesion affecting the nerve roots of the CAUDA EQUINA (e.g., compression, herniation, inflammation, rupture, or stenosis), which controls the function of the bladder and bowel. Symptoms may include neurological dysfunction of bladder or bowels, loss of sexual sensation and altered sensation or paralysis in the lower extremities.


Diabetes complications in which VENTRICULAR REMODELING in the absence of CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS and hypertension results in cardiac dysfunctions, typically LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION. The changes also result in myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial necrosis and fibrosis, and collagen deposition due to impaired glucose tolerance.


A technique for visualizing CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS using fluorescently labeled DNA probes which are hybridized to chromosomal DNA. Multiple fluorochromes may be attached to the probes. Upon hybridization, this produces a multicolored, or painted, effect with a unique color at each site of hybridization. This technique may also be used to identify cross-species homology by labeling probes from one species for hybridization with chromosomes from another species.


A collective term for nutritional disorders resulting from poor absorption or nutritional imbalance, and metabolic disorders resulting from defects in biosynthesis (ANABOLISM) or breakdown (CATABOLISM) of endogenous substances.


A competitive team sport played on a rectangular court having a raised basket at each end.


A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria isolated from soil and water as well as clinical specimens. Occasionally it is an opportunistic pathogen.


Heterocyclic compounds with SULFUR and NITROGEN in the ring. This term commonly refers to the BENZOTHIADIAZINES that inhibit SODIUM-POTASSIUM-CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS and are used as DIURETICS.


Four-membered cyclic AMIDES, best known for the PENICILLINS based on a bicyclo-thiazolidine, as well as the CEPHALOSPORINS based on a bicyclo-thiazine, and including monocyclic MONOBACTAMS. The BETA-LACTAMASES hydrolyze the beta lactam ring, accounting for BETA-LACTAM RESISTANCE of infective bacteria.


Chemical agents that increase the permeability of CELL MEMBRANES to SODIUM ions.


The bracken fern plant family of the order Polypodiales, class Filicopsida, division Pteridophyta.


Joining metal pieces or parts together by melting the adjoining surfaces with heat, using a heat source such as a blowtorch or electric arc. The melted surfaces are then pressed together by hammering.


Glycosides formed by the reaction of the hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon atom of galactose with an alcohol to form an acetal. They include both alpha- and beta-galactosides.


A technique for measuring extracellular concentrations of substances in tissues, usually in vivo, by means of a small probe equipped with a semipermeable membrane. Substances may also be introduced into the extracellular space through the membrane.


A species of gram-negative bacteria causing PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA in calves. Mycoplasma dispar also possibly plays a synergistic role with other BACTERIA and VIRUSES to cause other RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASES in calves.


A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain germacrane and sesquiterpene LACTONES.


In eukaryotes, a genetic unit consisting of a noncontiguous group of genes under the control of a single regulator gene. In bacteria, regulons are global regulatory systems involved in the interplay of pleiotropic regulatory domains and consist of several OPERONS.


A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus ACTINOBACILLUS, which causes EPIDIDYMITIS in SHEEP.


A plant genus of the family PHYTOLACCACEAE, order Caryophyllales.


A state of internal activity of an organism that is a necessary condition before a given stimulus will elicit a class of responses; e.g., a certain level of hunger (drive) must be present before food will elicit an eating response.


Ergostane derivatives of 28 carbons with oxygens at C1, C22, and C26 positions and the side chain cyclized. They are found in WITHANIA plant genus and have cytotoxic and other effects.


A complex mixture of organisms (algae, cyanobacteria, heterotrophic microbes, detritus, etc.) clinging on the surfaces of plants and other objects projecting from the bottom sediments of aquatic ecosystems.


47-amino acid peptides secreted by ECCRINE GLANDS and having a role in innate cutaneous defense, being antimicrobial to some pathogenic BACTERIA. They are overexpressed by some primary BREAST CANCER cells. They are derived from 110 residue PROTEIN PRECURSORS.


Quality Circles
Management Quality Circles

Participation of employees with management as a labor-management team, in decisions pertaining to the operational activities of the organization or industry.


Phentermine
Phentermine Hydrochloride
Ionamine
Adipex-P
Duromine

A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity.


A 3D printing technology where a computer-controlled moving laser beam is used to build up the required structure, layer by layer, from liquid POLYMERS that harden on contact with laser light (photopolymerization).


An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).


The termination of the cell's ability to carry out vital functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, responsiveness, and adaptability.


The study of natural phenomena by observation, measurement, and experimentation.


Running at a low rate of speed. It can be done as a means of conditioning or for general health and well being.


Community Health Networks
Community Care Networks
Community Networks

Organizations and individuals cooperating together toward a common goal at the local or grassroots level.


Antigens from the genus TRICHOPHYTON. Trichophytin has been used in studies of immunological responses to these dermatophytes.


Sulfanilamides consisting of  a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position of 1,3-thiazole. They are often used as ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS.


Benzylammonium compounds with the formula Br-phenyl-CN+R3 that include BRETYLIUM TOSYLATE.


The destroying of all forms of life, especially microorganisms, by heat, chemical, or other means.


Flower Head
Inflorescence Types
Inflorescence
Tassel

A cluster of FLOWERS (as opposed to a solitary flower) arranged on a main stem of a plant.


A change in, or manipulation of, gravitational force. This may be a natural or artificial effect.


A genus of the plant family Amaryllidaceae. Many produce pungent, often bacteriostatic and physiologically active compounds and are used as VEGETABLES; CONDIMENTS; and medicament, the latter in traditional medicine.


Vincapront Vincimax Cerebroxine Devincan Pervincamine Vincamine

A major alkaloid of Vinca minor L., Apocynaceae. It has been used therapeutically as a vasodilator and antihypertensive agent, particularly in cerebrovascular disorders.


Tissue in the BASAL FOREBRAIN inferior to the anterior perforated substance, and anterior to the GLOBUS PALLIDUS and ansa lenticularis. It contains the BASAL NUCLEUS OF MEYNERT.


Neural tracts connecting one part of the nervous system with another.


The knowledge or communication by one person with the mental processes of another through channels other than known physical or perceptual processes.


One of the BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE DISCIPLINES concerned with the origin, structure, development, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of animals, plants, and microorganisms.


The release of GLUCOSE from GLYCOGEN by GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE (phosphorolysis). The released glucose-1-phosphate is then converted to GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE by PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE before entering GLYCOLYSIS. Glycogenolysis is stimulated by GLUCAGON or EPINEPHRINE via the activation of PHOSPHORYLASE KINASE.


The field concerned with the interrelationship between the brain, behavior and the immune system. Neuropsychologic, neuroanatomic and psychosocial studies have demonstrated their role in accentuating or diminishing immune/allergic responses.


Specialized devices used in ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY to repair bone fractures.


A severe, rapidly fatal reaction occurring most commonly in children following an infectious illness. It is characterized by large, rapidly spreading skin hemorrhages, fever, or shock. Purpura fulminans often accompanies or is triggered by DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.


A common inhabitant of the colon flora in human infants and sometimes in adults. It produces a toxin that causes pseudomembranous enterocolitis (ENTEROCOLITIS, PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS) in patients receiving antibiotic therapy.


A rare intra-abdominal tumor in the MESENTERY. Mesenteric cysts are usually benign and can be very large fluid-filled (2000 mL) lesions.


Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.


The primary sore of syphilis, a painless indurated, eroded papule, occurring at the site of entry of the infection.


Discarded animal and vegetable matter from a kitchen or the refuse from food preparation. (From Random House College Dictionary, 1982)


A plant genus of the family ANACARDIACEAE best known for the edible fruit.


A malignant neoplasm occurring in young children, primarily in the liver, composed of tissue resembling embryonal or fetal hepatic epithelium, or mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. (Stedman, 25th ed)


One of the paired air spaces located in the body of the SPHENOID BONE behind the ETHMOID BONE in the middle of the skull. Sphenoid sinus communicates with the posterosuperior part of NASAL CAVITY on the same side.


Abnormal swelling of the inner aspect of the first metatarsal head affecting the first METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT.


A plant family of the order Caryophyllales, subclass Caryophyllidae, class Magnoliopsida. There are no true petals; each flower has two to six sepals. They produce betacyanin and betaxanthin pigments and lack anthocyanins.


Pathological development in the ILEUM including the ILEOCECAL VALVE.


Israeli acute paralysis virus of bees
Cripavirus
Dicistroviridae

A family of invertebrate RNA viruses in the order Picornavirales.


A neurological disorder characterized by an excessive startle reaction with ABNORMAL REFLEX;  MYOCLONIC JERKS; and MUSCLE HYPERTONIA.


The theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes and organized activity on behalf of women's rights and interests. (Webster New Collegiate Dictionary, 1981)


General agreement or collective opinion; the judgment arrived at by most of those concerned.


Carbohydrates covalently linked to a nonsugar moiety (lipids or proteins). The major glycoconjugates are glycoproteins, glycopeptides, peptidoglycans, glycolipids, and lipopolysaccharides. (From Biochemical Nomenclature and Related Documents, 2d ed; From Principles of Biochemistry, 2d ed)


Green dyes containing ammonium and aryl sulfonate moieties that facilitate the visualization of tissues, if given intravenously. They have mostly been used in the study of kidney physiology.


A genus of toxic marine GREEN ALGAE found throughout tropical and subtropical seas. One species, Caulerpa taxifolia, is highly invasive and produces the poison caulerpenyne, deadly to marine organisms though not humans.


Infection in humans and animals caused by fungi in the class Zygomycetes. It includes MUCORMYCOSIS and entomophthoramycosis. The latter is a tropical infection of subcutaneous tissue or paranasal sinuses caused by fungi in the order Entomophthorales. Phycomycosis, closely related to zygomycosis, describes infection with members of Phycomycetes, an obsolete classification.


An estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of four double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of euilin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares.


A collective genome representative of the many organisms, primarily microorganisms, existing in a community.


A species of HELICOBACTER that colonizes in the STOMACH of laboratory MICE; CATS; and DOGS. It is associated with lymphoid follicular hyperplasia and mild GASTRITIS in CATS.


Fluids composed mainly of water found within the body.


A class Ib anti-arrhythmia agent used to manage ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.


The sequential activation of serum COMPLEMENT PROTEINS to create the COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX. Factors initiating complement activation include ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES, microbial ANTIGENS, or cell surface POLYSACCHARIDES.


Reflex, Conditioned
Conditioning, Classical

Learning that takes place when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.


Anemone hepatica
Anemone
Anemone raddeana

A plant genus of the family RANUNCULACEAE that contains triterpene saponins. The root of Anemone raddeana is the source of a Chinese folk medicine, zhu jie xian fu. The common name of liverwort is also used with other plants. This genus is unrelated to SEA ANEMONES.


Removal of one or more methyl groups from a chemical compound.


Compounds derived from organic or inorganic acids in which at least one hydroxyl group is replaced by an –O-alkyl or other organic group. They can be represented by the structure formula RCOOR’ and are usually formed by the reaction between an acid and an alcohol with elimination of water.


A generic term used to describe a group of polypeptides with related chemical structures and pharmacological properties that are widely distributed in nature. These peptides are AUTACOIDS that act locally to produce pain, vasodilatation, increased vascular permeability, and the synthesis of prostaglandins. Thus, they comprise a subset of the large number of mediators that contribute to the inflammatory response. (From Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacologic Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p588)


Sense of awareness of self and of the environment.


Nursing professionals whose practice is limited to A particular area or discipline of medicine.


A genus of the family CALICIVIRIDAE comprised of species infecting a wide range of organisms. Most members of this genus can be readily propagated in cell culture (as opposed to other genera of Caliciviridae). The type species is VESICULAR EXANTHEMA OF SWINE VIRUS.


Simultaneous inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva.


An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.


The time periods immediately before, during and following a surgical operation.


A species of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacteria in the family STREPTOCOCCACEAE. It is a normal inhabitant of the human oral cavity, and causes DENTAL PLAQUE and ENDOCARDITIS. It is being investigated as a vehicle for vaccine delivery.


The anterior concavity in the curvature of the lumbar and cervical spine as viewed from the side. The term usually refers to abnormally increased curvature (hollow back, saddle back, swayback). It does not include lordosis as normal mating posture in certain animals ( = POSTURE + SEX BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL).


Type II Polyketide Beta-Ketoacyl Synthase

Large enzyme complexes composed of a number of component enzymes that are found in STREPTOMYCES which biosynthesize MACROLIDES and other polyketides.


A rigorous and systematic process which entails defining plans, decisions, and sequence of steps to be taken in the future.


A breach in the continuity of the ANTERIOR CHAMBER of the eyeball.


C.I. Acid Black 1
C.I.-20470
Amido Black, Sodium salt
Amido Black, Dilithium salt
Amido Black

A dye used to stain proteins in electrophoretic techniques. It is used interchangeably with its acid form.


The number of beds from 300 to 499 which a hospital has been designed and constructed to contain. It may also refer to the number of beds set up and staffed for use.


Chemical compounds derived from acids by the elimination of a molecule of water.


A group of techniques developed to apply scientific methods and tools to solve the problems of DECISION MAKING in complex organizations and systems. Operations research searches for optimal solutions in situations of conflicting GOALS and makes use of mathematical models from which solutions for actual problems may be derived. (From Psychiatric Dictionary, 6th ed)


The adherence and merging of cell membranes, intracellular membranes, or artificial membranes to each other or to viruses, parasites, or interstitial particles through a variety of chemical and physical processes.


An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age.


The upper part of the human body, or the front or upper part of the body of an animal, typically separated from the rest of the body by a neck, and containing the brain, mouth, and sense organs.


Processes and results of aesthetic expression.


A structurally-related family of small, multimeric proteins that are secreted in the mucosa of mammalian epithelial tissues. A variety of proteins are classed under this heading including some secretoglobin subtypes that appear unique to a particular mammalian species, and others whose functions differ between species.


Networking capability which facilitates information flow to and from objects and devices using the INTERNET.


Orthodontic Appliances, Functional
Frankel Function Regulator
Bimler Appliance
Kinetor
Herbst Appliance

Loose, usually removable intra-oral devices which alter the muscle forces against the teeth and craniofacial skeleton. These are dynamic appliances which depend on altered neuromuscular action to effect bony growth and occlusal development. They are usually used in mixed dentition to treat pediatric malocclusions. (ADA, 1992)


A family of anaerobic, coccoid to rod-shaped METHANOBACTERIALES. Cell membranes are composed mainly of polyisoprenoid hydrocarbons ether-linked to glycerol. Its organisms are found in anaerobic habitats throughout nature.


What a person has in mind to do or bring about.


Unstable isotopes of sodium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Na atoms with atomic weights 20-22 and 24-26 are radioactive sodium isotopes.


An antibiotic mixture originally isolated from Streptomyces loidensis. It contains a mixture of compounds belonging to STREPTOGRAMIN GROUP A and STREPTOGRAMIN GROUP B.


Phallic Stage
Psychosexual Development
Anal Stage

The stages of development of the psychological aspects of sexuality from birth to adulthood; i.e., oral, anal, genital, and latent periods.


The taking of a blood sample to determine its character as a whole, to identify levels of its component cells, chemicals, gases, or other constituents, to perform pathological examination, etc.


A class of nongenotoxic CARCINOGENS that induce the production of hepatic PEROXISOMES and induce hepatic neoplasms after long-term administration.


Inorganic compounds that contain mercury as an integral part of the molecule.


A small space in the skull between the MAXILLA and the SPHENOID BONE, medial to the pterygomaxillary fissure, and connecting to the NASAL CAVITY via the sphenopalatine foramen.


Hospitals controlled by agencies and departments of the U.S. federal government.


Diet modification and physical exercise to improve the ability of animals to perform physical activities.


A means of identifying the age of an animal or human through tooth examination.


A radioactive element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Pm, and atomic number 61. It has been used in the construction of atomic batteries, in the preparation of self-luminous compounds, and as a beta-particle source for thickness gauges.


Eye movements that are slow, continuous, and conjugate and occur when a fixed object is moved slowly.


A group of compounds derived from ammonia by substituting organic radicals for the hydrogens. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)


A species of protozoan parasite causing MALARIA. It is the rarest of the four species of PLASMODIUM infecting humans, but is common in West African countries and neighboring areas.


Reproduction without fusion of two types of cells, mostly found in ALGAE; FUNGI; and PLANTS. Asexual reproduction occurs in several ways, such as budding, fission, or splitting from "parent" cells. Only few groups of ANIMALS reproduce asexually or unisexually (PARTHENOGENESIS).


Nucleic Acid Conformation
DNA Conformation
RNA Conformation

The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.


A fluid-filled VAGINA that is obstructed.


The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.


A genus in the family Corvidae comprising mostly CROWS but also ravens, and jackdaws.


Inorganic or organic compounds that contain divalent iron.


A sport consisting of hand-to-hand combat between two unarmed contestants seeking to pin or press each other's shoulders to the ground.


A tissue plasminogen activator enzyme that acts as a fibrinolytic agent; it is used for the dissolution of blood clots, such as those that occur in acute MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.


A theoretical technique utilizing a group of related constructs to describe or prescribe how individuals or groups of people choose a course of action when faced with several alternatives and a variable amount of knowledge about the determinants of the outcomes of those alternatives.


Infection by round worms of the genus TOXOCARA, usually found in wild and domesticated cats and dogs and foxes, except for the larvae, which may produce visceral and ocular larva migrans in man.


A water bird in the order Anseriformes (subfamily Anatinae (true ducks)) with a broad blunt bill, short legs, webbed feet, and a waddling gait.


A species of gram-negative, fluorescent, phytopathogenic bacteria in the genus PSEUDOMONAS. It is differentiated into approximately 50 pathovars with different plant pathogenicities and host specificities.


Fluid that seeps out of one or both nipples of the breast.


The metal-free blue phycobilin pigment in a conjugated chromoprotein of blue-green algae. It functions as light-absorbing substance together with chlorophylls.


A pair of glands located at the cranial pole of each of the two KIDNEYS. Each adrenal gland is composed of two distinct endocrine tissues with separate embryonic origins, the ADRENAL CORTEX producing STEROIDS and the ADRENAL MEDULLA producing NEUROTRANSMITTERS.


A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.


Drugs that cannot be sold legally without a prescription.


A series of progressive, overlapping events, triggered by exposure of the PLATELETS to subendothelial tissue. These events include shape change, adhesiveness, aggregation, and release reactions. When carried through to completion, these events lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug.


Inflammation of the periosteum. The condition is generally chronic, and is marked by tenderness and swelling of the bone and an aching pain. Acute periostitis is due to infection, is characterized by diffuse suppuration, severe pain, and constitutional symptoms, and usually results in necrosis. (Dorland, 27th ed)


Mice homozygous for the mutant autosomal recessive gene, quaking (qk), associated with disorder in myelin formation and manifested by axial tremors.


Dodecapeptide tachykinin found in the central nervous system of the amphibian Kassina senegalensis. It is similar in structure and action to other tachykinins, but is especially effective in contracting smooth muscle tissue and stimulating the micturition reflex.


Common name for Ricinus communis, a species in the family EUPHORBIACEAE. It is the source of CASTOR OIL.


A genus of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria mainly isolated from milk and milk products. These bacteria are also found in plants and nonsterile frozen and dry foods. Previously thought to be a member of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS (group N), it is now recognized as a separate genus.


A reflex in which the AFFERENT NEURONS synapse directly on the EFFERENT NEURONS, without any INTERCALATED NEURONS. (Lockard, Desk Reference for Neuroscience, 2nd ed.)


Hedonism
Stoicism
Philosophy
Pharmacy Philosophy
Philosophical Overview

A love or pursuit of wisdom. A search for the underlying causes and principles of reality. (Webster, 3d ed)


Organic compounds containing a carbonyl group in the form -CHO.


Urban Planning
City Planning
Town Planning

Comprehensive planning for the physical development of the city.


A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria normally found in the flora of the mouth and respiratory tract of animals and birds. It causes shipping fever (see PASTEURELLOSIS, PNEUMONIC); HEMORRHAGIC BACTEREMIA; and intestinal disease in animals. In humans, disease usually arises from a wound infection following a bite or scratch from domesticated animals.


Crinivirus
Lettuce infectious yellows virus

A genus of plant viruses in the family CLOSTEROVIRIDAE. Transmission is by whiteflies. Lettuce infectious yellows virus is the type species.


A family of bacteria found in the mouth and intestinal and respiratory tracts of man and other animals as well as in the human female urogenital tract. Its organisms are also found in soil and on cereal grains.


A genus of the family BRUCELLACEAE comprising obligately aerobic gram-negative rods with parallel sides and rounded ends.


A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria in the family ALTEROMONADACEAE. The inability to utilize carbohydrates is a distinguishing feature from other genera in the family.


Formation of differentiated cells and complicated tissue organization to provide specialized functions.


The edible portions of any animal used for food including domestic mammals (the major ones being cattle, swine, and sheep) along with poultry, fish, shellfish, and game.


Organic nitrogenous bases. Many alkaloids of medical importance occur in the animal and vegetable kingdoms, and some have been synthesized. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)


Heterocyclic rings containing three nitrogen atoms, commonly in 1,2,4 or 1,3,5 or 2,4,6 formats. Some are used as HERBICIDES.


Those customs and ceremonies pertaining to the dead.


Insects of the order DIPTERA, suborder NEMATOCERA. They include mosquitoes, gnats, black flies, and true flies.


Derivatives of 4-phenylbutyric acid, including its salts and esters.


Software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web.


Gene Clusters
Genes, Reiterated
Multigene Family

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)


Production, storage, and distribution of DAIRY PRODUCTS.


Stable potassium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element potassium, but differ in atomic weight. K-41 is a stable potassium isotope.


Canine oral papillomavirus
Lambdapapillomavirus

A genus of DNA viruses in the family papillomaviridae, causing mucosal and cutaneous lesions in cats and dogs. Canine oral papillomavirus is the type species.


Surgical removal of the PINEAL GLAND including resection of pineal tumor (PINEALOMA) and CYSTS.


Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents
Pulpectomy Agents
Pulp Capping Agents

Materials used in DENTAL PULP CAPPING or PULPECTOMY.


Lymphoid tissue on the mucosa of the small intestine.


Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.


Saturated Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

Organic compounds that primarily contain carbon and hydrogen atoms with the carbon atoms forming a linear or circular structure.


Any compound that contains a constituent sugar, in which the hydroxyl group attached to the first carbon is substituted by an alcoholic, phenolic, or other group. They are named specifically for the sugar contained, such as glucoside (glucose), pentoside (pentose), fructoside (fructose), etc. Upon hydrolysis, a sugar and nonsugar component (aglycone) are formed. (From Dorland, 28th ed; From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed)


The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.


A psychotic disorder characterized by the patient's belief that acquaintances or closely related persons have been replaced by doubles or imposters.


A plant genus of the family MORACEAE. Members contain PYRROLIDINES.


Measurement of distances or movements by means of the phenomena caused by the interference of two rays of light (optical interferometry) or of sound (acoustic interferometry).


Adenosine A2B Receptor Antagonists
Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists
Adenosine A2A Receptor Antagonists

Compounds that selectively bind to and block the activation of ADENOSINE A2 RECEPTORS.


A genus of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that has a tendency to form long filaments. Its organisms are widely distributed in nature and are found in MAMMALS; BIRDS; and FISHES. Erysipelothrix may appear gram-negative because they decolorize easily.


The narrow elongated slit between the vocal folds. Its shape changes according to the position of the vocal folds.


Osmofundin (L)-Mannitol Mannitol Osmitrol

A diuretic and renal diagnostic aid related to sorbitol. It has little significant energy value as it is largely eliminated from the body before any metabolism can take place. It can be used to treat oliguria associated with kidney failure or other manifestations of inadequate renal function and has been used for determination of glomerular filtration rate. Mannitol is also commonly used as a research tool in cell biological studies, usually to control osmolarity.


A plant family of the order Linales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida best known for the coca plant.


Activities performed in the preparation of bibliographic records for CATALOG. It is carried out according to a set of rules and contains information enabling the user to know what is available and where items can be found.


The yellowish discoloration of connective tissue due to deposition of HOMOGENTISIC ACID (a brown-black pigment). This is due to defects in the metabolism of PHENYLALANINE and TYROSINE. Ochronosis occurs in ALKAPTONURIA, but has also been associated with exposure to certain chemicals (e.g., PHENOL, trinitrophenol, BENZENE DERIVATIVES).


Orthopedic appliances used to support, align, or hold parts of the body in correct position. (Dorland, 28th ed)


Dexamethasone Isonicotinate
HE-111
Auxison

An anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic glucocorticoid that can be administered orally, by inhalation, locally, and parenterally. It may cause water and salt retention.


A broad category of chemical actions and uses that result in the prevention, treatment, cure or diagnosis of disease. Included here are drugs and chemicals that act by altering normal body functions, such as the REPRODUCTIVE CONTROL AGENTS and ANESTHETICS. Effects of chemicals on the environment are also included.


A plant genus of the family Ebenaceae that contains pentacyclic triterpenoids.


The study of significant causes and processes in the development of mental illness.


A genus of tapeworm containing several species which occurs in the intestine of fish, birds, and mammals including man. Infection in humans is usually by eating uncooked fish. The larval stage is known as SPARGANUM.


Branch of the common carotid artery which supplies the anterior part of the brain, the eye and its appendages, the forehead and nose.


A mutant strain of Rattus norvegicus used in research on renal function and hypertension and as a disease model for diabetes insipidus.


Congenital or acquired asymmetry of the face.


Cytoplasmic Streaming
Protoplasmic Streaming

The movement of CYTOPLASM within a CELL. It serves as an internal transport system for moving essential substances throughout the cell, and in single-celled organisms, such as the AMOEBA, it is responsible for the movement (CELL MOVEMENT) of the entire cell.


An adult hemoglobin component normally present in hemolysates from human erythrocytes in concentrations of about 3%. The hemoglobin is composed of two alpha chains and two delta chains. The percentage of HbA2 varies in some hematologic disorders, but is about double in beta-thalassemia.


Abnormally diminished or absent perspiration. Both generalized and segmented (reduced or absent sweating in circumscribed locations) forms of the disease are usually associated with other underlying conditions.


Lack of emotion or emotional expression; a disorder of motivation that persists over time.


Chymodiactin
Chymopapain
Discase
Chymopapain A
Chymopapain B
Chemolase

A cysteine endopeptidase isolated from papaya latex. Preferential cleavage at glutamic and aspartic acid residues. EC 3.4.22.6.


Morphine derivatives of the methanobenzazocine family that act as potent analgesics.


Nalbuphine
EN-2234A
Nalbuphine Serb
Nubain
Nalbuphine Hydrochloride

A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS.


Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with VIBRIO CHOLERAE. The original cholera vaccine consisted of killed bacteria, but other kinds of vaccines now exist.


Severe Congenital Microcephaly
Microcephaly
Microlissencephaly

A congenital abnormality in which the CEREBRUM is underdeveloped, the fontanels close prematurely, and, as a result, the head is small. (Desk Reference for Neuroscience, 2nd ed.)


Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.


A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria commonly found in the alimentary tract of cows, sheep, and other ruminants. It occasionally is encountered in cases of human endocarditis. This species is nonhemolytic.


The science of breeding, feeding and care of domestic animals; includes housing and nutrition.


Unexpected and unintentional events, typically resulting in ACCIDENTAL INJURIES.


Medicines that are stocked behind the counter of a pharmacy which require the attention or counsel of a pharmacist before being dispensed or handed over to a consumer or patient.


The comparative study of social organization in animals including humans, especially with regard to its genetic basis and evolutionary history. (Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 10th ed)


The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.


A family of shrimp in the class CRUSTACEA, order DECAPODA, containing a single genus, Crangon, with multiple species.


A superfamily of nematodes. Most are intestinal parasites of ruminants and accidentally in humans. This superfamily includes seven genera: DICTYOCAULUS; HAEMONCHUS; Cooperia, OSTERTAGIA; Nematodirus, TRICHOSTRONGYLUS; and Hyostrongylus.


A naturally-occurring isomer of URIDINE found in RNA, in which ribosyl is attached to a carbon instead of a nitrogen atom.


Simple protein, one of the prolamines, derived from the gluten of wheat, rye, etc. May be separated into 4 discrete electrophoretic fractions. It is the toxic factor associated with CELIAC DISEASE.


A plant genus of the family MELIACEAE. Members contain cedrelanolide.


An order of herbaceous tropical perennials which include the banana (MUSACEAE) and GINGER (ZINGIBERACEAE) family.


Glycopeptides that have an additional lipophilic side chains. Several semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide antibiotics are derived from naturally occurring lipoglycopeptide and glycopeptide antibiotics.


The partition separating the two NASAL CAVITIES in the midplane. It is formed by the SEPTAL NASAL CARTILAGE, parts of skull bones (ETHMOID BONE; VOMER), and membranous parts.


A plant genus of the family BORAGINACEAE. Members contain PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS. The common name of burweed is also used for Triumfetta (TILIACEAE).


Chemical substances which inhibit the function of the endocrine glands, the biosynthesis of their secreted hormones, or the action of hormones upon their specific sites.


A bony prominence situated on the upper surface of the body of the sphenoid bone. It houses the PITUITARY GLAND.


A genus of DNA viruses in the family PAPILLOMAVIRIDAE. They preferentially infect the anogenital and ORAL MUCOSA in humans and primates, causing both malignant and benign neoplasms. Cutaneous lesions are also seen.


Surgical removal of the thyroid gland. (Dorland, 28th ed)


A genus of flexible, spiral rods found in hydrogen sulfide-containing mud, sewage, and polluted water. None of the species properly referred to in this genus are pathogenic.


Progressive loss of the hard substance of a tooth by chemical processes that do not involve bacterial action. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p296)


A usually benign tumor composed of cells which arise from chondroblasts or their precursors and which tend to differentiate into cartilage cells. It occurs primarily in the epiphyses of adolescents. It is relatively rare and represents less than 2% of all primary bone tumors. The peak incidence is in the second decade of life; it is about twice as common in males as in females. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1846)


Cholene derivatives with methyl groups at C-10 and C-13 and a branched 8-carbon chain at C-17. They must have two double bonds in the ring system.


Formation of NEURONS which involves the differentiation and division of STEM CELLS in which one or both of the daughter cells become neurons.


The state of feeling sad or dejected as a result of lack of companionship or being separated from others.


Normal adult human hemoglobin. The globin moiety consists of two alpha and two beta chains.


Native, inorganic or fossilized organic substances having a definite chemical composition and formed by inorganic reactions. They may occur as individual crystals or may be disseminated in some other mineral or rock. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)


Activity typically involving several individuals for the purpose of leisure, amusement, entertainment or pleasure.


Stable gallium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element gallium, but differ in atomic weight. Ga-71 is a stable gallium isotope.


An arbovirus infection of sheep and goats transmitted by ticks. It is characterized by high fever and hemorrhagic gastroenteritis.


A north temperate species of tapeworm (CESTODA) whose adult form infects FOXES and wild RODENTS. The larval form can infect humans producing HEPATIC HYDATID CYSTS.