An organochlorine insecticide whose use has been cancelled or suspended in the United States. It has been used to control locusts, tropical disease vectors, in termite control by direct soil injection, and non-food seed and plant treatment. (From HSDB)


Small-arms weapons, including handguns, pistols, revolvers, rifles, shotguns, etc.


A biologically active tridecapeptide isolated from the hypothalamus. It has been shown to induce hypotension in the rat, to stimulate contraction of guinea pig ileum and rat uterus, and to cause relaxation of rat duodenum. There is also evidence that it acts as both a peripheral and a central nervous system neurotransmitter.


A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.


Protein Folding, Globular
Protein Folding

Processes involved in the formation of TERTIARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE.


Amine compounds that consist of carbon chains or rings containing two or more primary amino groups.


A paraphilia characterized by repetitive looking at unsuspecting people, usually strangers, who are either naked, in the act of disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity, as the method for achieving sexual excitement.


Persistence of the nuclei of the keratinocytes into the stratum corneum of the skin. This is a normal state only in the epithelium of true mucous membranes in the mouth and vagina. (Dorland, 27th ed)


The key substance in the biosynthesis of histidine, tryptophan, and purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.


Functionally and structurally differentiated, purple-pigmented regions of the cytoplasmic membrane of some strains of Halobacterium halobium. The membrane develops under anaerobic conditions and is made almost entirely of the purple pigment BACTERIORHODOPSINS. (From Singleton & Sainsbury Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)


Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.


Antibodies which elicit IMMUNOPRECIPITATION when combined with antigen.


2-Amino-1,5-dihydro-4,6-pteridinedione. Pigment first discovered in butterfly wings and widely distributed in plants and animals.


A personality assessment technique in which the subject or observer indicates the degree to which a standardized set of descriptive statements actually describes the subject. The term reflects "sorting" procedures occasionally used with this technique.


An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of ADP plus AMP from adenosine plus ATP. It can serve as a salvage mechanism for returning adenosine to nucleic acids. EC 2.7.1.20.


Dermal Alternariosis
Subcutaneous Alternariosis
Cutaneous Alternariosis
Alternariosis

Opportunistic fungal infection by a member of ALTERNARIA genus.


A plant genus of the family CUCURBITACEAE, order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae best known for cucumber (CUCUMIS SATIVUS) and cantaloupe (CUCUMIS MELO). Watermelon is a different genus, CITRULLUS. Bitter melon may refer to MOMORDICA or this genus.


The anamorphic form of the fungus EPICHLOE. Many Neotyphodium species produce ERGOT ALKALOIDS.


The fluid separating the membranous labyrinth from the osseous labyrinth of the ear. It is entirely separate from the ENDOLYMPH which is contained in the membranous labyrinth. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1396, 642)


Retinal Detachment
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment

Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12).


Inorganic or organic compounds that contain pentavalent phosphorus and the general formula R5P.


An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.


A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.


Conjugates of betalamic acid with AMINO ACIDS. Some of them are yellow COLORING AGENTS in the Caryophyllales order of PLANTS. This should not be confused with xanthin which is a term used for CAROTENES nor with XANTHINES.


A plant genus of the family BROMELIACEAE. Members contain 3-methoxy-5-hydroxyflavonols.


Systematic organization, storage, retrieval, and dissemination of specialized information, especially of a scientific or technical nature (From ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983). It often involves authenticating or validating information.


Imaging methods that result in sharp images of objects located on a chosen plane and blurred images located above or below the plane.


A vascular disease of the LIVER characterized by the occurrence of multiple blood-filled CYSTS or cavities. The cysts are lined with ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; the cavities lined with hepatic parenchymal cells (HEPATOCYTES). Peliosis hepatis has been associated with use of anabolic steroids (ANABOLIC AGENTS) and certain drugs.


A physiochemical process which occurs in a wide range of organisms which unlike BASAL METABOLISM is not required for or essential to short-term survivability but to long-term general well-being of the organism.


An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.


A family of gram-negative, non-motile bacteria from human and animal sources. One saprophytic species is known.


A mutant strain of TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS VIRUS causing mild or subclinical respiratory infections in young SWINE. It may also play a role in post-weaning porcine respiratory disease complex, especially when combined with other respiratory agents.


A subfamily of the family POXVIRIDAE, containing eight genera comprising all the vertebrate poxviruses.


Phosphatidic Acids
Phosphatidic Acid
Diacylglycerophosphates
Ammonium Phosphatidate

Fatty acid derivatives of glycerophosphates. They are composed of glycerol bound in ester linkage with 1 mole of phosphoric acid at the terminal 3-hydroxyl group and with 2 moles of fatty acids at the other two hydroxyl groups.


Ribose substituted in the 1-, 3-, or 5-position by a phosphoric acid moiety.


Cutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis
Subcutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis
Phaeohyphomycosis

OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS caused by the dematiaceous (darkly pigmented) MITOSPORIC FUNGI of ALTERNARIA, Bipolaris, CLADOSPORIUM, Curvularia, and EXOPHIALA. These fungi have pigmented HYPHAE due to MELANIN in the cell wall. The initial subcutaneous cyst from the infection can become systemic and spread rapidly to renal, pulmonary and cerebral systems (see CEREBRAL PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS) in an IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST.


An amino acid that occurs in vertebrate tissues and in urine. In muscle tissue, creatine generally occurs as phosphocreatine. Creatine is excreted as CREATININE in the urine.


Ascertaining of deception through detection of emotional disturbance as manifested by changes in physiologic processes usually using a polygraph.


Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins

Regulatory proteins and peptides that are signaling molecules involved in the process of PARACRINE COMMUNICATION. They are generally considered factors that are expressed by one cell and are responded to by receptors on another nearby cell. They are distinguished from HORMONES in that their actions are local rather than distal.


Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)


A curare alkaloid that is a very potent competitive nicotinic antagonist at the neuromuscular junction.


Laridal
Fustermizol
Astemizol Ratiopharm
Rifedot
Astemizol Alonga
Hubermizol
R-43-512
Urdrim
Esmacen
Astemina
Rimbol
Astesen
Romadin
Histaminos
Retolen
Simprox
Astemizole
Hismanal
Alermizol
Paralergin
Emdar

Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.


Nerve fibers which project from parasympathetic ganglia to synapses on target organs. Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers use acetylcholine as transmitter. They may also release peptide cotransmitters.


Disorders caused by the intentional or unintentional ingestion or exposure to chemical substances such as PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS; NOXAE; and PESTICIDES.


A subfamily of DNA vertebrate viruses, in the family PARVOVIRIDAE. There are three genera: PARVOVIRUS; ERYTHROVIRUS; and DEPENDOVIRUS.


Taste Disorder, Primary, Salt
Taste, Metallic
Taste Disorder, Secondary
Taste Disorders
Taste Disorder, Secondary, Salt
Taste Disorder, Primary, Sweet
Taste Disorder, Secondary, Bitter
Taste Disorder, Primary
Taste Disorder, Anterior Tongue
Taste Disorder, Posterior Tongue
Taste Disorder, Secondary, Sweet
Taste Disorder, Primary, Bitter

Conditions characterized by an alteration in gustatory function or perception. Taste disorders are frequently associated with OLFACTION DISORDERS. Additional potential etiologies include METABOLIC DISEASES; DRUG TOXICITY; and taste pathway disorders (e.g., TASTE BUD diseases; FACIAL NERVE DISEASES; GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE DISEASES; and BRAIN STEM diseases).


Physiologically active compounds found in many organs of the body. They are formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides and cause platelet aggregation, contraction of arteries, and other biological effects. Thromboxanes are important mediators of the actions of polyunsaturated fatty acids transformed by cyclooxygenase.


A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.


The final phase of cell nucleus division following ANAPHASE, in which two daughter nuclei are formed, the CYTOPLASM completes division, and the CHROMOSOMES lose their distinctness and are transformed into CHROMATIN threads.


Regulation
Social Control, Formal
Social Control

Exercise of the authority to restrict or supervise a practice or the conduct of a facility or organization. (AN: not to be used for gene regulation or any biological practices)


A obsolete family name of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria which derive energy from the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite or nitrite to nitrate. Its organisms are commonly found in soil and fresh water.


An alternative to REFRACTIVE SURGICAL PROCEDURES. A therapeutic procedure for correcting REFRACTIVE ERRORS. It involves wearing CONTACT LENSES designed to force corrective changes to the curvature of the CORNEA that remain after the lenses are removed. The effect is temporary but is maintained by wearing the therapeutic lenses daily, usually during sleep.


Atomic Bomb-Affected People
Hibakusha
Atomic Bomb Survivors

Japanese word for survivors of the atomic bomb attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, in 1945.


State of mind or behavior characterized by extreme skepticism and persistent opposition or resistance to outside suggestions or advice. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)


Administrators
Policy Makers
Administrative Personnel

Individuals responsible for the development of policy and supervision of the execution of plans and functional operations.


A plant genus of the family SCROPHULARIACEAE. Members contain mimengoside B, verbascoside, and phenylethanoids.


Ductless glands that secrete HORMONES directly into the BLOOD CIRCULATION. These hormones influence the METABOLISM and other functions of cells in the body.


Books designed by the arrangement and treatment of their subject matter to be consulted for definite terms of information rather than to be read consecutively. Reference books include DICTIONARIES; ENCYCLOPEDIAS; ATLASES; etc. (From the ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)


A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) commonly found in tropical regions. Species of this genus are vectors for ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS as well as many other diseases of man and domestic and wild animals.


Infection of the LIVER with species of MYCOBACTERIUM, most often MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS. It is characterized by localized small tuberculous miliary lesions or tumor-like mass (TUBERCULOMA), and abnormalities in liver function tests.


Use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy.


An epithelial outgrowth of the cloaca in birds similar to the thymus in mammals. It atrophies within 6 months after birth and remains as a fibrous remnant in adult birds. It is composed of lymphoid tissue and prior to involution, is the site of B-lymphocyte maturation.


An abnormal passage in any part of the URINARY TRACT between itself or with other organs.


A species of gliding bacteria found on soil as well as in surface fresh water and coastal seawater.


A genus of ascomycetous yeast in the family Saccharomycetaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES. Species in the genus are plant pathogens.


A plant genus of the family SIMAROUBACEAE. Members contain javanicins, picrasinoside and other quassinoids.


A genus of gram-positive bacteria in the family Lachnospiraceae that inhabits the RUMEN; LARGE INTESTINE; and CECUM of MAMMALS.


Necrotizing VASCULITIS of small and medium size vessels, developing as a complication in RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS patients. It is characterized by peripheral vascular lesions, cutaneous ULCERS, peripheral GANGRENE, and MONONEURITIS MULTIPLEX.


Crustacean Proteins
Spider Proteins
Tick Proteins
Horseshoe Crab Proteins
Arachnid Proteins
Arthropod Proteins

Proteins synthesized by organisms belonging to the phylum ARTHROPODA. Included in this heading are proteins from the subdivisions ARACHNIDA; CRUSTACEA; and HORSESHOE CRABS. Note that a separate heading for INSECT PROTEINS is listed under this heading.


Assistance, such as money, food, or shelter, given to the needy, aged, or victims of disaster. It is usually granted on a temporary basis. (From The American Heritage Dictionary, 2d college ed)


A union between adjacent bones or parts of a single bone formed by osseous material, such as ossified connecting cartilage or fibrous tissue. (Dorland, 27th ed)


A genus of RNA plant viruses as yet unassigned to any family. Plant hosts are all in the family Poaceae. Each species is transmitted by a particular species of planthopper. The type species is Rice stripe virus.


Alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. They are classified according to relation of the carbon atom: primary alcohols, R-CH2OH; secondary alcohols, R2-CHOH; tertiary alcohols, R3-COH. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)


Surgery to remove one or more NEOPLASM METASTASES.


Cloacin
Cloacin-Immunity Protein Complex
Cloacin Complex

A bacteriocin produced by a plasmid that can occur in several bacterial strains. It is a basic protein of molecular weight 56,000 and exists in a complex with its immunity protein which protects the host bacterium from its effects.


A gray substance found in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT of the SPERM WHALE.


A substituted benzamide that has antipsychotic properties. It is a dopamine D2 receptor (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D2) antagonist.


Tubal Obstruction
Fallopian Tube Diseases

Diseases involving the FALLOPIAN TUBES including neoplasms (FALLOPIAN TUBE NEOPLASMS); SALPINGITIS; tubo-ovarian abscess; and blockage.


Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.


A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae. It is a cellulolytic, mesophilic species isolated from decayed GRASS.


A group (some say infraphylum) of AMOEBOZOA that lack mitochondria.


The cavity within the SPINAL COLUMN through which the SPINAL CORD passes.


Arthropods of the order Scorpiones, of which 1500 to 2000 species have been described. The most common live in tropical or subtropical areas. They are nocturnal and feed principally on insects and other arthropods. They are large arachnids but do not attack man spontaneously. They have a venomous sting. Their medical significance varies considerably and is dependent on their habits and venom potency rather than on their size. At most, the sting is equivalent to that of a hornet but certain species possess a highly toxic venom potentially fatal to humans. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Smith, Insects and Other Arthropods of Medical Importance, 1973, p417; Barnes, Invertebrate Zoology, 5th ed, p503)


A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria in the family FLAVOBACTERIACEAE. Tenacibaculum adheres to surfaces of marine organisms and is pathogenic to fish.


Compounds derived from TYROSINE via betalamic acid, including BETAXANTHINS and BETACYANINS. They are found in the Caryophyllales order of PLANTS and some BASIDIOMYCETES.


Persons who have acquired academic or specialized training in countries other than that in which they are working. The concept excludes physicians for which FOREIGN MEDICAL GRADUATES is the likely heading.


A species of parasitic protozoa found in the intestines of humans and other primates. It was classified as a yeast in 1912. Over the years, questions arose about this designation. In 1967, many physiological and morphological B. hominis characteristics were reported that fit a protozoan classification. Since that time, other papers have corroborated this work and the organism is now recognized as a protozoan parasite of humans causing intestinal disease with potentially disabling symptoms.


A plant genus of the family LYTHRACEAE. Members contain lauric acid and cuphiin.


The new and thickened layer of scar tissue that forms on a PROSTHESIS, or as a result of vessel injury especially following ANGIOPLASTY or stent placement.


Aromatic substances added to food before or after cooking to enhance its flavor. These are usually of vegetable origin.


A malonic acid derivative which is a vital intermediate in the metabolism of fat and protein. Abnormalities in methylmalonic acid metabolism lead to methylmalonic aciduria. This metabolic disease is attributed to a block in the enzymatic conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA.


A family of mainly aromatic evergreen plants in the order Laurales. The laurel family includes 2,200 species in 45 genera and from these are derived medicinal extracts, essential oils, camphor and other products.


A subgenus of Salmonella containing several medically important serotypes. The habitat for the majority of strains is warm-blooded animals.


Antitrust Laws
Antitrust Liability
Sherman Antitrust Act

Those federal and state laws, and their enforcement, that protect trade and commerce from unlawful restraints and monopolies or unfair business practices.


The thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate in neurons of the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord and project to the paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia, which in turn project to target organs. The sympathetic nervous system mediates the body's response to stressful situations, i.e., the fight or flight reactions. It often acts reciprocally to the parasympathetic system.


Substances that comprise all matter. Each element is made up of atoms that are identical in number of electrons and protons and in nuclear charge, but may differ in mass or number of neutrons.


Deliberate introduction of air into the peritoneal cavity.


A plant family of the order Polypodiales, class Filicopsida, division Pteridophyta (FERNS).


Individuals licensed to practice medicine.


Polymyxin B
Aerosporin
Polymyxin B Sulfate

A mixture of polymyxins B1 and B2, obtained from BACILLUS POLYMYXA strains. They are basic polypeptides of about eight amino acids and have cationic detergent action on cell membranes. Polymyxin B is used for treatment of infections with gram-negative bacteria, but may be neurotoxic and nephrotoxic.


Treatment of muscles and nerves under pressure as a result of crush injuries.


An endoscopy of the small intestines accomplished while advancing the endoscope, which is assisted by one or two balloons


The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)


Permanent roads having a line of rails fixed to ties and laid to gage, usually on a leveled or graded ballasted roadbed and providing a track for freight cars, passenger cars, and other rolling stock. Cars are designed to be drawn by locomotives or sometimes propelled by self-contained motors. (From Webster's 3d) The concept includes the organizational and administrative aspects of railroads as well.


Processes required for CELL ENLARGEMENT and CELL PROLIFERATION.


A family of proteins that are structurally-related to Ubiquitin. Ubiquitins and ubiquitin-like proteins participate in diverse cellular functions, such as protein degradation and HEAT-SHOCK RESPONSE, by conjugation to other proteins.


A group of often glycosylated macrocyclic compounds formed by chain extension of multiple PROPIONATES cyclized into a large (typically 12, 14, or 16)-membered lactone. Macrolides belong to the POLYKETIDES class of natural products, and many members exhibit ANTIBIOTIC properties.


An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.


A species of gram-negative, anaerobic, sigmoid-shaped bacteria isolated from salt and freshwater in Africa.


Treatment methods intended to prevent the development of crooked teeth that involve the use of space maintainers for BABY TEETH lost early or removal of PRIMARY TEETH that don't come out on their own. Commonly used in pediatric dentistry.


1,4:3,6-Dianhydro D-glucitol. Chemically inert osmotic diuretic used mainly to treat hydrocephalus; also used in glaucoma.


The study of the origin, nature, properties, and actions of drugs and their effects on living organisms.


A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE that is used for experiments in molecular genetic studies in plant physiology and development.


The pigmented vascular coat of the eyeball, consisting of the CHOROID; CILIARY BODY; and IRIS, which are continuous with each other. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)


The observable response an animal makes to any situation.


Early Diagnosis of Cancer
Early Detection of Cancer
Cancer Screening Tests
Cancer Screening

Procedures performed on people to identify those who have NEOPLASMS or PRENEOPLASTIC CONDITIONS.


Intravenous Feeding Solutions
Parenteral Nutrition Solutions

Specialized solutions for PARENTERAL NUTRITION. They may contain a variety of MICRONUTRIENTS; VITAMINS; AMINO ACIDS; CARBOHYDRATES; LIPIDS; and SALTS.


A long, narrow, and flat bone commonly known as BREASTBONE occurring in the midsection of the anterior thoracic segment or chest region, which stabilizes the rib cage and serves as the point of origin for several muscles that move the arms, head, and neck.


Medicines whose effectiveness is unproven and whose ingredients are often secret.


Arteriovenous Hemofiltration
Venovenous Hemofiltration
Hemofiltration

Extracorporeal ULTRAFILTRATION technique without HEMODIALYSIS for treatment of fluid overload and electrolyte disturbances affecting renal, cardiac, or pulmonary function.


A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Ingestion has been associated with MILK SICKNESS. The common name of thoroughwort is also used for other plants including CHROMOLAENA; Hebeclinium, and Koanophyllon.


Vaccines that are produced by using only the antigenic part of the disease causing organism. They often require a "booster" every few years to maintain their effectiveness.


Acids, salts, and derivatives of clavulanic acid (C8H9O5N). They consist of those beta-lactam compounds that differ from penicillin in having the sulfur of the thiazolidine ring replaced by an oxygen. They have limited antibacterial action, but block bacterial beta-lactamase irreversibly, so that similar antibiotics are not broken down by the bacterial enzymes and therefore can exert their antibacterial effects.


A plant genus of the family VERBENACEAE. Members contain lantadene and other TRITERPENES.


A genus of scallops in the family PECTINIDAE, class BIVALVIA. The shell is usually radially ribbed.


The collection, interpretation and storage of information about gene and protein activity in order to identify toxic substances in the environment and those populations at greatest risk to environmental diseases.


Drugs that are designed to block the action of VIRAL FUSION PROTEINS and prevent VIRUSES from entering the cell.


The concept of new knowledge acquisition through observation and interaction with others.


A plant genus of the family RUTACEAE. The fruit is edible and the seed has cardiovascular activity.


A medical specialty concerned with the skin, its structure, functions, diseases, and treatment.


Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.


Decline in value of capital assets of a permanent or fixed nature over time with use.


Pregnatrienes which have undergone ring contractions or are lacking carbon-18 or carbon-19.


A material used for cementation of inlays, crowns, bridges, and orthodontic appliances and occasionally as a temporary restoration. It is prepared by mixing zinc oxide and magnesium oxide powders with a liquid consisting principally of phosphoric acid, water, and buffers. (From Bouchers' Clinical Dental Terminology, 3d ed)


An enzyme derived from cow's milk. It catalyzes the radioiodination of tyrosine and its derivatives and of peptides containing tyrosine.


A cystic dilatation of the end of a URETER as it enters into the URINARY BLADDER. It is characterized by the ballooning of the ureteral orifice into the lumen of the bladder and may obstruct urine flow.


Deficiency of the protease inhibitor ALPHA 1-ANTITRYPSIN that manifests primarily as PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA and LIVER CIRRHOSIS.


The eighth planet in order from the sun. It is one of the five outer planets of the solar system. Its two natural satellites are Nereid and Triton.


The profession concerned with the teeth, oral cavity, and associated structures, and the diagnosis and treatment of their diseases including prevention and the restoration of defective and missing tissue.


Cholinergic bundle of nerve fibers posterior to the anterior perforated substance. It interconnects the paraterminal gyrus in the septal area with the hippocampus and lateral olfactory area.


A genus of gram-negative bacteria with curved rods, in the family VIBRIONACEAE. The organisms are chemoorganotrophic and are found in marine environments.


Behavioral treatment that uses drill and practice, compensatory and adaptive strategies to facilitate improvement in targeted learning areas.


Radiographic study of the lymphatic system following injection of dye or contrast medium.


Fatty Acid Synthase, Animal Form
Fatty Acid Synthase, Mammalian
Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I

Animal form of fatty acid synthase which is encoded by a single gene and consists of seven catalytic domains and is functional as a homodimer. It is overexpressed in some NEOPLASMS and is a target in humans of some ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS and some ANTI-OBESITY AGENTS.


Excretion of abnormally high level of CALCIUM in the URINE, greater than 4 mg/kg/day.


A genus of zygomycetous fungi, family Mucoraceae, order MUCORALES, which sometimes causes infection in humans.


Bence Jones Protein
Bence Jones Protein SUT
Bence Jones Protein Den

An abnormal protein with unusual thermosolubility characteristics that is found in the urine of patients with MULTIPLE MYELOMA.


The prevailing temper or spirit of an individual or group in relation to the tasks or functions which are expected.


An abnormal passage or communication between a bronchus and another part of the body.


One of the AROMATIC-L-AMINO-ACID DECARBOXYLASES, this enzyme is responsible for the conversion of DOPA to DOPAMINE. It is of clinical importance in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.


The excitable plasma membrane of a muscle cell. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)


The compartment that lies posterior to the MAXILLA and inferior to the side wall of the SKULL deep to the ramus of the MANDIBLE. It contains several FACIAL NERVES and the CAROTID ARTERIES and the JUGULAR VEINS.


Individuals subjected to and adversely affected by criminal activity. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)


Membrane-bound cytoplasmic vesicles formed by invagination of phagocytized material. They fuse with lysosomes to form phagolysosomes in which the hydrolytic enzymes of the lysosome digest the phagocytized material.


Measurement of volume of air inhaled or exhaled by the lung.


A reference measure of food used to identify the calorie and nutrient content in a particular amount of that food. It is defined by an authoritative source, such as the Food Guide Pyramid devised by the UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. It is different from PORTION SIZE, which is the amount of food one chooses to eat at a single meal.


A non-heme iron protein consisting of eight apparently identical subunits each containing 2 iron atoms. It binds one molecule of oxygen per pair of iron atoms and functions as a respiratory protein.


Warm Springs
Hot Springs
Geothermal Springs

Habitat of hot water naturally heated by underlying geologic processes. Surface hot springs have been used for BALNEOLOGY. Underwater hot springs are called HYDROTHERMAL VENTS.


The adjustment of the eye to variations in the intensity of light. Light adaptation is the adjustment of the eye when the light threshold is increased; DARK ADAPTATION when the light is greatly reduced. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)


Agents that promote the production and release of interferons. They include mitogens, lipopolysaccharides, and the synthetic polymers Poly A-U and Poly I-C. Viruses, bacteria, and protozoa have been also known to induce interferons.


A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhaled dust from processing SUGARCANE (bagasse), usually in the manufacturing of wallboard.


A group of alkylating agents derived from mustard gas, with the sulfur replaced by nitrogen. They were formerly used as toxicants and vesicants, but now function as antineoplastic agents. These compounds are also powerful mutagens, teratogens, immunosuppressants, and carcinogens.


Cyclic TETRAPYRROLES based on the corrin skeleton.


A family of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria isolated from the RUMEN of SHEEP and CATTLE and from human FECES. They are chemoorganotrophic and strictly anaerobic.


A genus of primitive plants in the family Cyanophoraceae, class GLAUCOPHYTA. They contain pigmented ORGANELLES (or PLASTIDS) called cyanelles, which have characteristics of both CYANOBACTERIA and CHLOROPLASTS.


The teeth collectively in the dental arch. Dentition ordinarily refers to the natural teeth in position in their alveoli. Dentition referring to the deciduous teeth is DENTITION, PRIMARY; to the permanent teeth, DENTITION, PERMANENT. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)


A twisting deformation of a solid body about an axis. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)


A plant genus of the family THYMELAEACEAE. They are evergreen shrubs much cultivated in garden borders and rock gardens in mild climates. Members contain mezerein, flavonoids, and COUMARINS such as daphnetin and daphnin.


Breaks in bones resulting from low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration characteristic of OSTEOPOROSIS.


Compounds with a 5-membered ring of four carbons and an oxygen. They are aromatic heterocycles. The reduced form is tetrahydrofuran.


Electron-dense cytoplasmic particles bounded by a single membrane, such as PEROXISOMES; GLYOXYSOMES; and glycosomes.


A genus of flowering plants in the family SALICACEAE, order MALPHIGIALES. An example is the willow, also known as salix or saules (French).


Walk Test
Incremental Shuttle Walk Test
Endurance Shuttle Walk Test
6-Minute Walk Test

A measure of endurance tests that show how far and fast an individual can walk without stopping within a certain period of time.


An infection of cattle caused by MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. It is transmissible to man and other animals.


An anti-IgE, recombinant, humanized monoclonal antibody which specifically binds to the C epsilon3 domain of IMMUNOGLOBULIN E, the site of high-affinity IgE receptor binding. It inhibits the binding of IgE to MAST CELLS and BASOPHILS to reduce the severity of the allergic response and is used in the management of persistent allergic ASTHMA.


Pyrazolopyrimidine ribonucleosides isolated from Nocardia interforma. They are antineoplastic antibiotics with cytostatic properties.


Community-Institutional Relations
Community Relations
Community Outreach

The interactions between members of a community and representatives of the institutions within that community.


A persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions.


Rapid Sequence Induction
Rapid Sequence Intubation
Rapid Sequence Induction and Intubation

A method of maintaining airway patency and administering anesthesia during emergency situations when it cannot be determined if the patient is fasting or not; or in other instances where there is a risk of aspiration. The method includes a series of events that involve the administration of SEDATIVES to induce unconsciousness, followed by NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCK AGENTS to improve the intubating conditions, followed by endotracheal intubation.


A species of monogenetic, parasitic protozoa usually found in insects.


Earlier than planned termination of clinical trials.


A genus of cuttlefish in the family Sepiidae. They live in tropical, subtropical and temperate waters in most oceans.


Hepatitis Virus, Marmoset
Hepatitis Viruses

Any of the viruses that cause inflammation of the liver. They include both DNA and RNA viruses as well viruses from humans and animals.


Substances used either in the prevention or facilitation of pregnancy.


A common inhabitant of the vagina and cervix and a potential human pathogen, causing infections of the male and female reproductive tracts. It has also been associated with respiratory disease and pharyngitis. (From Dorland, 28th ed)


Disturbances in the ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM of the body.


Therapeutic technique for replacement of minerals in partially decalcified teeth.


Adoptive Cell Transfer
Adoptive Transfer

Form of passive immunization where previously sensitized immunologic agents (cells or serum) are transferred to non-immune recipients. When transfer of cells is used as a therapy for the treatment of neoplasms, it is called adoptive immunotherapy (IMMUNOTHERAPY, ADOPTIVE).


Pathological processes of the snail-like structure (COCHLEA) of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) which can involve its nervous tissue, blood vessels, or fluid (ENDOLYMPH).


The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.


The visually perceived property of objects created by absorption or reflection of specific wavelengths of light.


A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035)


A genus of PASTEURELLACEAE described as gram-negative, nonsporeforming, nonmotile, facultative anaerobes. Most members are found both as pathogens and commensal organisms in the respiratory, alimentary, and genital tracts of animals.


Pathological processes involving any part of the UTERUS.


A branch of the external carotid artery which distributes to the deep structures of the face (internal maxillary) and to the side of the face and nose (external maxillary).


Injection of air or a more slowly absorbed gas such as nitrogen, into the PLEURAL CAVITY to collapse the lung.


beta-Lactoglobulin A
beta-Lactoglobulin I
beta-Lactoglobulin E
beta-Lactoglobulin B
Lactoglobulins
beta-Lactoglobulin F
beta-Lactoglobulin C
beta-Lactoglobulin G
beta-Lactoglobulin

Globulins of milk obtained from the WHEY.


Banthine
Methantheline Bromide
Methantheline
Vagantin

A quaternary ammonium compound that acts as an antimuscarinic agent. It has been used in the treatment of PEPTIC ULCER, in gastrointestinal disorders associated with smooth muscle spasm, and in the management of urinary incontinence, and may also be used for the treatment of HYPERHIDROSIS.


Skills and knowledge required for assessment and treatment of traumatic, environmental, and medical emergencies in remote geographic or wilderness environments.


The heart of the fetus of any viviparous animal. It refers to the heart in the postembryonic period and is differentiated from the embryonic heart (HEART/embryology) only on the basis of time.


The continuation of the axillary artery; it branches into the radial and ulnar arteries.


A cystic tumor of the ovary, containing thin, clear, yellow serous fluid and varying amounts of solid tissue, with a malignant potential several times greater than that of mucinous cystadenoma (CYSTADENOMA, MUCINOUS). It can be unilocular, parvilocular, or multilocular. It is often bilateral and papillary. The cysts may vary greatly in size. (Dorland, 27th ed; from Hughes, Obstetric-Gynecologic Terminology, 1972)


Fracture of the lower end of the radius in which the lower fragment is displaced posteriorly.


The rigid framework of connected bones that gives form to the body, protects and supports its soft organs and tissues, and provides attachments for MUSCLES.


A group of familial congenital hemolytic anemias characterized by numerous abnormally shaped erythrocytes which are generally spheroidal. The erythrocytes have increased osmotic fragility and are abnormally permeable to sodium ions.


The transfer of energy of a given form among different scales of motion. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed). It includes the transfer of kinetic energy and the transfer of chemical energy. The transfer of chemical energy from one molecule to another depends on proximity of molecules so it is often used as in techniques to measure distance such as the use of FORSTER RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER.


Coriandrum sativum
Cilantro
Coriandrum
Coriander

A plant genus of the family APIACEAE. The leaves are the source of cilantro and the seeds are the source of coriander, both of which are used in SPICES.


The application of computer and information sciences to improve dental practice, research, education and management.


A plant family of the order ZINGIBERALES, subclass Zingiberidae, class Liliopsida best known for banana (MUSA). The slender false trunk, formed by leaf sheaths of the spirally arranged leaves, may rise to 15 meters (50 feet). There is a crown of large leaves at the top.


Actions taken to protect individuals (i.e. persons/patients) from unnecessary medical interventions that are likely to cause more harm than good.


An oversimplified perception or conception especially of persons, social groups, etc.


Physicians specializing in the diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the urinary tract in both sexes, and the genital tract in the male.


8-Hydroxyquinolinols chlorinated on the number 5 and/or 7 carbon atom(s). They are antibacterial, antiprotozoal, and antidiarrheal, especially in amebiasis, and have also been used as antiseborrheics. The compounds are mostly used topically, but have been used also as animal feed additives. They may cause optic and other neuropathies and are most frequently administered in combination with other agents.


An acute or prolonged illness usually considered to be life-threatening or with the threat of serious residual disability. Treatment may be radical and is frequently costly.


Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.


The system of all phenomena in space and time; the totality of physical reality. It is both a scientific and philosophic concept appearing in all historic eras. (Webster 2d; Dr. James H. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division)


A genus of mitosporic Phyllachoraceae fungi which contains at least 40 species of plant parasites. They have teleomorphs in the genus Glomerella (see PHYLLACHORALES).


A species of Paenibacillus that causes American Foulbrood, a fatal disease of honeybees (APIS) and honeybee colonies.


A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.


The expected function of a member of a particular profession.


The small thick cartilage that forms the lower and posterior parts of the laryngeal wall.


Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.


Available manpower, facilities, revenue, equipment, and supplies to produce requisite health care and services.


2-(4-Amino-4-carboxybutyl)-1-(5-amino-5-carboxypentyl)-3,5-bis(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)pyridinium. A rare amino acid found in elastin, formed by condensation of four molecules of lysine into a pyridinium ring.


Spiny processes on DENDRITES, each of which receives excitatory input from one nerve ending (NERVE ENDINGS). They are commonly found on PURKINJE CELLS and PYRAMIDAL CELLS.


A glucocorticoid with the general properties of corticosteroids. It has been used by mouth in the treatment of all conditions in which corticosteroid therapy is indicated except adrenal-deficiency states for which its lack of sodium-retaining properties makes it less suitable than HYDROCORTISONE with supplementary FLUDROCORTISONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p737)


A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The common name of bluestem is also used for other plants in this family. Andropogon nardus has been reclassified as CYMBOPOGON nardus and Andropogon zizanioides as Chrysopogon zizanioides.


Bulbous enlargement of the growing tip of nerve axons and dendrites. They are crucial to neuronal development because of their pathfinding ability and their role in synaptogenesis.


A replica technique in which cells are frozen to a very low temperature and cracked with a knife blade to expose the interior surfaces of the cells or cell membranes. The cracked cell surfaces are then freeze-dried to expose their constituents. The surfaces are now ready for shadowing to be viewed using an electron microscope. This method differs from freeze-fracturing in that no cryoprotectant is used and, thus, allows for the sublimation of water during the freeze-drying process to etch the surfaces.


A late 20th-century philosophical approach or style of cultural analysis that seeks to reveal the cultural or social construction of concepts conventionally assumed to be natural or universal. (from E.R. DuBose, The Illusion of Trust: Toward a Medical Theological Ethics in the Postmodern Age, Kluwer, 1995)


The study of plant lore and agricultural customs of a people. In the fields of ETHNOMEDICINE and ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY, the emphasis is on traditional medicine and the existence and medicinal uses of PLANTS and PLANT EXTRACTS and their constituents, both historically and in modern times.


A form of alveolitis or pneumonitis due to an acquired hypersensitivity to inhaled antigens associated with farm environment. Antigens in the farm dust are commonly from bacteria actinomycetes (SACCHAROPOLYSPORA and THERMOACTINOMYCES), fungi, and animal proteins in the soil, straw, crops, pelts, serum, and excreta.


A physiological process by which the perception of pain at a local area of the body is inhibited by a second painful stimulus administered at a distal body site


Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases

Enzymes that catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of single-stranded regions of DNA or RNA molecules while leaving the double-stranded regions intact. They are particularly useful in the laboratory for producing "blunt-ended" DNA molecules from DNA with single-stranded ends and for sensitive GENETIC TECHNIQUES such as NUCLEASE PROTECTION ASSAYS that involve the detection of single-stranded DNA and RNA.


The free-swimming larval forms of parasites found in an intermediate host.


A complex of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius.


Component of dermatan sulfate. Differs in configuration from glucuronic acid only at the C-5 position.


Liquid by-product of excretion produced in the kidneys, temporarily stored in the bladder until discharge through the URETHRA.


The hemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the HEART VENTRICLES.


Digestive system manifestations of diseases of the gastrointestinal system or of other organs.


A polyamine formed from putrescine. It is found in almost all tissues in association with nucleic acids. It is found as a cation at all pH values, and is thought to help stabilize some membranes and nucleic acid structures. It is a precursor of spermine.


A species of ciliate protozoa used in genetic and cytological research.


Any reptile including tortoises, fresh water, and marine species of the order Testudines with a body encased in a bony or cartilaginous shell consisting of a top (carapace) and a bottom (plastron) derived from the ribs.


A single-pass transmembrane glycoproteins that mediate CALCIUM-dependent CELL ADHESION and are core components of DESMOSOMES.


Learning to respond verbally to a verbal stimulus cue.


Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.


Inflammation of the NASOPHARYNX, usually including its mucosa, related lymphoid structure, and glands.


The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.


Astragalus propinquus
Astragalus membranaceus
Astragalus mongholicus

A plant species of the Astragalus genus which is source of Huang qi preparation used in TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE.


Endoscopes for viewing the embryo, fetus and amniotic cavity.


A genus of gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-spore forming rods. Soil and water are regarded as the natural habitat. They are sometimes isolated from a hospital environment and humans.


Steroids which have undergone contraction in ring size or reduction in side chains.


A genus of gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria in the class GAMMAPROTEOBACTERIA. They are obligately acidophilic and aerobic, using reduced SULFUR COMPOUNDS to support AUTOTROPHIC GROWTH.


Surgical reconstruction of the hearing mechanism of the middle ear, with restoration of the drum membrane to protect the round window from sound pressure, and establishment of ossicular continuity between the tympanic membrane and the oval window. (Dorland, 28th ed.)


Rare vascular anomaly involving a communication between the intracranial and extracranial venous circulation via diploe, the central spongy layer of cranial bone. It is often characterized by dilated venous structures on the scalp due to abnormal drainage from the intracranial venous sinuses. Sinus pericranii can be congenital or traumatic in origin.


Organic sulfonic acid derivatives which contain an aromatic hydrocarbon radical.


A specialized barrier in the kidney, consisting of the fenestrated CAPILLARY ENDOTHELIUM; GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE; and glomerular epithelium (PODOCYTES). The barrier prevents the filtration of PLASMA PROTEINS.


A cyclin D subtype which is regulated by GATA4 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR. Experiments using KNOCKOUT MICE suggest a role for cyclin D2 in granulosa cell proliferation and gonadal development.


A technique to generate restriction maps from single large DNA molecules by spreading the DNA onto a glass surface, digesting with DNA RESTRICTION ENZYMES, staining with FLUORESCENT DYES, and visualizing the DNA cleavage sites by FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY.


A method for the detection of very small quantities of antibody in which the antigen-antibody-complement complex adheres to indicator cells, usually primate erythrocytes or nonprimate blood platelets. The reaction is dependent on the number of bound C3 molecules on the C3b receptor sites of the indicator cell.


Any facility  owned, leased, or otherwise operated, or funded by a governmental body or public entity.


Works about or subject matter related to reference works listing and describing concepts related to medicine.


The pull on a limb or a part thereof. Skin traction (indirect traction) is applied by using a bandage to pull on the skin and fascia where light traction is required. Skeletal traction (direct traction), however, uses pins or wires inserted through bone and is attached to weights, pulleys, and ropes. (From Blauvelt & Nelson, A Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology, 5th ed)


A polysaccharide-producing species of STREPTOCOCCUS isolated from human dental plaque.


Eating other individuals of one's own species.


A form of therapy that employs a coordinated and interdisciplinary approach for easing the suffering and improving the quality of life of those experiencing pain.


INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.


Substances used on inanimate objects that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. Disinfectants are classed as complete, destroying SPORES as well as vegetative forms of microorganisms, or incomplete, destroying only vegetative forms of the organisms. They are distinguished from ANTISEPTICS, which are local anti-infective agents used on humans and other animals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)


A diverse group of agents, with unique chemical structures and biochemical requirements, which generate NITRIC OXIDE. These compounds have been used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and the management of acute myocardial infarction, acute and chronic congestive heart failure, and surgical control of blood pressure. (Adv Pharmacol 1995;34:361-81)


A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE. The common names of beebalm or lemonbalm are also used for MELISSA. The common name of bergamot is also used for Citrus bergamia (CITRUS).


Senior professionals who provide guidance, direction and support to those persons desirous of improvement in academic positions, administrative positions or other career development situations.


Aflatoxin B1 Dihydrochloride, (6aR-cis)-Isomer

Aflatoxin B1, (6aR-cis)-Isomer, 3H-Labeled

Aflatoxin B1, (6aR-cis)-Isomer, 14C-Labeled

Aflatoxin B1, (6aR-cis)-Isomer, 2H-Labeled

A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.


A genus of zoospore-forming bacteria in the Micromonosporaceae family that is a source of many clinically important natural products.


A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, helical bacteria, various species of which produce RELAPSING FEVER in humans and other animals.


Diseases involving the CRYSTALLINE LENS.


Two membranous sacs within the vestibular labyrinth of the INNER EAR. The saccule communicates with COCHLEAR DUCT through the ductus reuniens, and communicates with utricle through the utriculosaccular duct from which the ENDOLYMPHATIC DUCT arises. The utricle and saccule have sensory areas (acoustic maculae) which are innervated by the VESTIBULAR NERVE.


Nystatin A1
Stamycin
Mycostatin
Nystatin A3
Fungicidin
Nilstat
Nystatin A2
Stamicin
Nystatin
Nystatin G

Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.


The most posterior teeth on either side of the jaw, totaling eight in the deciduous dentition (2 on each side, upper and lower), and usually 12 in the permanent dentition (three on each side, upper and lower). They are grinding teeth, having large crowns and broad chewing surfaces. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p821)


Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.


A genus of gram-positive, anaerobic, coccoid bacteria that is part of the normal flora of humans. Its organisms are opportunistic pathogens causing bacteremias and soft tissue infections.


The quantitation of the body's metabolism of toxic xenobiotic compounds, as measured by the plasma concentration of the toxicant at various time points.


A family of the order DIPTERA. These flies are generally found around decaying vegetation and fruit. Several species, because of their short life span, giant salivary gland chromosomes, and ease of culturing, have been used extensively in studies of heredity.


A purine and a reaction intermediate in the metabolism of adenosine and in the formation of nucleic acids by the salvage pathway.


Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.


Drugs that selectively bind to and activate ADENOSINE A3 RECEPTORS.


Pyridines substituted in any position with an amino group. May be hydrogenated, but must retain at least one double bond.


A plant genus of the family APIACEAE used in SPICES.


Tehran virus
Toscana virus
Sandfly fever Naples virus

A species in the genus PHLEBOVIRUS causing PHLEBOTOMUS FEVER, an influenza-like illness. Related serotypes include Toscana virus and Tehran virus.


Inflammation of the inner endothelial lining (TUNICA INTIMA) of an artery.


Group of alkaloids containing a benzylpyrrole group (derived from TRYPTOPHAN)


This is not an official taxonomic designation, but is often used as a general term for members of the phylum MICROSPORIDIA or as a placeholder for unclassified species.


A family of enzymes that catalyze the exonucleolytic cleavage of RNA. It includes EC 3.1.13.-, EC 3.1.14.-, EC 3.1.15.-, and EC 3.1.16.-. EC 3.1.-


A species of COLTIVIRUS transmitted by the tick DERMACENTOR andersonii and causing fever, chills, aching head and limbs, and often vomiting. It occurs in the northwestern United States, except the Pacific Coast.


One of four nucleotide bases in the nucleic acid RNA.


The dilated portion of the common carotid artery at its bifurcation into external and internal carotids. It contains baroreceptors which, when stimulated, cause slowing of the heart, vasodilatation, and a fall in blood pressure.


The withholding of water in a structured experimental situation.


Inorganic compounds that contain thorium as an integral part of the molecule.


Use of gonadotropins to stimulate follicular growth, oocyte maturation, and the release of an ovum or ova (SUPEROVULATION).


Peritonitis
Secondary Peritonitis
Primary Peritonitis

INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.


ENDOPEPTIDASES which have a cysteine involved in the catalytic process. This group of enzymes is inactivated by CYSTEINE PROTEINASE INHIBITORS such as CYSTATINS and SULFHYDRYL REAGENTS.


Pyrolysis of organic compounds at the temperature of a hydrogen-air flame to produce ionic intermediates which can be collected and the resulting ion current measured by gas chromatography.


A complication of gastrojejunostomy (BILLROTH II PROCEDURE), a reconstructive GASTROENTEROSTOMY. It is caused by acute (complete) or chronic (intermittent) obstruction of the afferent jejunal loop due to HERNIA, intussusception, kinking, VOLVULUS, etc. It is characterized by PAIN and VOMITING of BILE-stained fluid.


The GENETIC RECOMBINATION of the parts of two or more GENES resulting in a gene with different or additional regulatory regions, or a new chimeric gene product. ONCOGENE FUSION includes an ONCOGENE as at least one of the fusion partners and such gene fusions are often detected in neoplastic cells and are transcribed into ONCOGENE FUSION PROTEINS. ARTIFICIAL GENE FUSION is carried out in vitro by RECOMBINANT DNA technology.


A system of medicine, most popular in the 19th century, that advocates the use of indigenous plants in the treatment of specific signs and symptoms.


Attachment, conscious or unconscious, of emotional feeling and significance to an idea, object or most commonly a person.


New abnormal growth of tissue in the RETROPERITONEAL SPACE.


The aggregation of suspended solids into larger clumps.


Agents acting to arrest the flow of blood. Absorbable hemostatics arrest bleeding either by the formation of an artificial clot or by providing a mechanical matrix that facilitates clotting when applied directly to the bleeding surface. These agents function more at the capillary level and are not effective at stemming arterial or venous bleeding under any significant intravascular pressure.


Eralzdin Practolol
Dalzic
ICI-50172
Practolol

A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS.


A group of small, histidine-rich, cationic peptides in human SALIVA which are antibacterial and antifungal.


Dental procedure in which the entire pulp chamber is removed from the crown and roots of a tooth.


A group of tetraterpenes, with four terpene units joined head-to-tail. Biologically active members of this class are used clinically in the treatment of severe cystic ACNE; PSORIASIS; and other disorders of keratinization.


Cells that store epinephrine secretory vesicles. During times of stress, the nervous system signals the vesicles to secrete their hormonal content. Their name derives from their ability to stain a brownish color with chromic salts. Characteristically, they are located in the adrenal medulla and paraganglia (PARAGANGLIA, CHROMAFFIN) of the sympathetic nervous system.


Complex Endometrial Hyperplasia
Endometrial Hyperplasia
Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia
Simple Endometrial Hyperplasia

A benign form of endometrial hyperplasia with crowded endometrial glands and little stroma between the glands. Complex hyperplasia has low risk of progression to endometrial carcinoma.


The duct that is connected to the GALLBLADDER and allows the emptying of bile into the COMMON BILE DUCT.


Prosthesis Fitting
Prosthesis Adjustment

The fitting and adjusting of artificial parts of the body. (From Stedman's, 26th ed)


Stygiolobus Sulfolobaceae Sulfurisphaera Sulfurococcus Metallosphaera

A family of SULFOLOBALES consisting of aerobic or facultatively anaerobic chemolithotrophic cocci, usually occurring singly. They grow best at a pH of about 2.


A general state of sluggishness, listless, or uninterested, with being tired, and having difficulty concentrating and doing simple tasks. It may be related to DEPRESSION or DRUG ADDICTION.


A genus of bacteria which may be found in the feces of animals and man, on vegetation, and in silage. Its species are parasitic on cold-blooded and warm-blooded animals, including man.


A condition that is characterized by chronic fatty DIARRHEA, a result of abnormal DIGESTION and/or INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of FATS.


A genus of extremely thermophilic, sulfate-reducing archaea, in the family Archaeoglobaceae.


Six-membered rings with two adjacent nitrogen atoms also called 1,2-diazine.


Asbestos. Fibrous incombustible mineral composed of magnesium and calcium silicates with or without other elements. It is relatively inert chemically and used in thermal insulation and fireproofing. Inhalation of dust causes asbestosis and later lung and gastrointestinal neoplasms.


A genus of gram-positive, anaerobic bacteria in the family Thermoanaerobacteriaceae. They are thermophilic and saccharolytic.


Very long DNA molecules and associated proteins, HISTONES, and non-histone chromosomal proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE). Normally 46 chromosomes, including two sex chromosomes are found in the nucleus of human cells. They carry the hereditary information of the individual.


Health Information System Interoperability

Automatic and seamless exchange or cross-talk across HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS.


The growth of a superabundance of algae usually from an enrichment of a natural body of water by the addition of dissolved nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus. The enrichment may be natural, or unnatural, for example, from WATER POLLUTION, or controlled such as is done for the aquaculture of PHYTOPLANKTON. If the bloom becomes detrimental to animals, it is called a HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOM.


A species of Bacillus that occurs in soil and marine sediments. Many strains are alkalophilic and able to metabolize HEAVY METALS; it may therefore be a useful species for ENVIRONMENTAL BIODEGRADATION.


Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.


Metabolic Networks
Metabolic Networks and Pathways
Metabolic Pathways

Complex sets of enzymatic reactions connected to each other via their product and substrate metabolites.


The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.


Oil and Gas Fields
Gas Wells
Oil Wells
Gas Reservoirs
Oil and Gas Reservoirs
Oil Fields
Gas Fields
Oil Reservoirs
Oil and Gas Wells

Areas of the earth where hydrocarbon deposits of PETROLEUM and/or NATURAL GAS are located.


Making measurements by the use of stereoscopic photographs.


A plasma protein that circulates in increased amounts during inflammation and after tissue damage.


Aviation
Parachuting
Air Traffic Control

System of personnel and equipment that ensures the safe operation of commercial and private aircraft.


Any device or element which converts an input signal into an output signal of a different form. Examples include the microphone, phonographic pickup, loudspeaker, barometer, photoelectric cell, automobile horn, doorbell, and underwater sound transducer. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)


Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins

Proteins and peptides that are involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION within the cell. Included here are peptides and proteins that regulate the activity of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and cellular processes in response to signals from CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. Intracellular signaling peptide and proteins may be part of an enzymatic signaling cascade or act through binding to and modifying the action of other signaling factors.


The maximum compression a material can withstand without failure. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed, p427)


Cholesterol derivatives having an additional double bond in any position. The prevalent isomer 7-dehydrocholesterol is a precursor of cholesterol and of vitamin D3.


Vibrio- to spiral-shaped phototrophic bacteria found in stagnant water and mud exposed to light.


Inorganic compounds that contain chromium as an integral part of the molecule.


The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.


Suspensions of killed or attenuated microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa), antigenic proteins,  synthetic constructs, or other bio-molecular derivatives, administered for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious and other diseases.


Farnesylation Isoprenylation Prenylation Geranylgeranylation

Attachment of isoprenoids (TERPENES) to other compounds, especially PROTEINS and FLAVONOIDS.


Achievement of an economic system that can continue to grow for the foreseeable future.


The only extant family of the suborder Tylopoda (order Artiodactyla). Currently living members include domesticated species, DROMEDARIES (with one-hump); BACTRIAN CAMELS (with two humps); LLAMAS; ALPACAS, and wild feral camels; VICUNAS; and GUANACOS. Although they get nutrients from plants by rumination, they evolved separately from the RUMINANTS which have four-chambered stomachs. Camelidae have three-chambered stomachs.


The study of the precise nature of different mental tasks and the operations of the brain that enable them to be performed, engaging branches of psychology, computer science, philosophy, and linguistics. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)


Insurance providing benefits to cover part or all of the psychiatric care.


An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the ESOPHAGUS and the beginning of the DUODENUM.


The sole species of TROPHERYMA causing Whipple Disease.


A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that contains dihydroayapin (COUMARINS) and phenanthraquinones.


Suggestion coming from the subject himself.


The act of cleaning teeth with a brush to remove plaque and prevent tooth decay. (From Webster, 3d ed)


A genus of protozoan parasites of the subclass COCCIDIA. Its species are parasitic in dogs, cattle, goats, and sheep, among others. N. caninum, a species that mainly infects dogs, is intracellular in neural and other cells of the body, multiplies by endodyogeny, has no parasitophorous vacuole, and has numerous rhoptries. It is known to cause lesions in many tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord as well as abortion in the expectant mother.


Unctuous combustible substances that are liquid or easily liquefiable on warming, and are soluble in ether but insoluble in water. Such substances, depending on their origin, are classified as animal, mineral, or vegetable oils. Depending on their behavior on heating, they are volatile or fixed. (Dorland, 28th ed)


A group of high molecular weight chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans that form aggregates with HYALURONIC ACID.


A genus of gram-negative bacteria in the family ACIDAMINOCOCCACEAE, isolated from the INTESTINES of PIGS and humans.


Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon, but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.


An order of nematodes consisting of many species which are plant parasites. Female worms lay eggs that hatch either in soil or in the host plant.


Estimates of the flow of people, material or information between locations in geographic space.


Nonsusceptibility of bacteria to the action of TRIMETHOPRIM.


An intermediate stage between polytheism and monotheism, which assumes a "Great Spirit", with lesser deities subordinated. With the beginnings of shamanism there was the advent of the medicine man or witch doctor, who assumed a supervisory relation to disease and its cure. Formally, shamanism is a religion of Ural-Altaic peoples of Northern Asia and Europe, characterized by the belief that the unseen world of gods, demons, ancestral spirits is responsive only to shamans. The Indians of North and South America entertain religious practices similar to the Ural-Altaic shamanism. The word shaman comes from the Tungusic (Manchuria and Siberia) saman, meaning Buddhist monk. The shaman handles disease almost entirely by psychotherapeutic means; he frightens away the demons of disease by assuming a terrifying mien. (From Garrison, An Introduction to the History of Medicine, 4th ed, p22; from Webster, 3d ed)


A naturally occurring lipid pigment with histochemical characteristics similar to lipofuscin. It accumulates in various tissues in certain experimental and pathological conditions.


A subfamily of ATELIDAE inhabiting the forests of Central and South America. The genus ALOUATTA, or howler monkeys, belongs to this subfamily.


The routing of water to open or closed areas where it is used for agricultural purposes.


A number of different cardioactive glycosides obtained from Strophanthus species. OUABAIN is from S. gratus and CYMARINE from S. kombe. They are used like the digitalis glycosides.


The study of the composition, chemical structures, and chemical reactions of the NERVOUS SYSTEM or its components.


A genus of basiodiomycetous fungi in the family Coriolaceae. Members are known for infesting wood.


A species of STAPHYLOCOCCUS that is a spherical, non-motile, gram-positive, chemoorganotrophic, facultative anaerobe. Mainly found on the skin and mucous membrane of warm-blooded animals, it can be primary pathogen or secondary invader.


The repeating structural units of chromatin, each consisting of approximately 200 base pairs of DNA wound around a protein core. This core is composed of the histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4.


Process of using a rotating machine to generate centrifugal force to separate substances of different densities, remove moisture, or simulate gravitational effects. It employs a large motor-driven apparatus with a long arm, at the end of which human and animal subjects, biological specimens, or equipment can be revolved and rotated at various speeds to study gravitational effects. (From Websters, 10th ed; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)


Limnobium Hydrilla Hydrocharitaceae Thalassia Elodea Ottelia

A plant family of the order Hydrocharitales, subclass ALISMATIDAE, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons).


The second planet in order from the sun. It has no known natural satellites. It is one of the four inner or terrestrial planets of the solar system.


Facilities or services which are especially devoted to providing palliative and supportive care to the patient with a terminal illness and to the patient's family.


Ballistics, Wound
Forensic Ballistics
Ballistics

The science of studying projectiles in motion.


An autosomal dominant or acquired porphyria due to a deficiency of UROPORPHYRINOGEN DECARBOXYLASE in the LIVER. It is characterized by photosensitivity and cutaneous lesions with little or no neurologic symptoms. Type I is the acquired form and is strongly associated with liver diseases and hepatic toxicities caused by alcohol or estrogenic steroids. Type II is the familial form.


An exaggerated feeling of physical and emotional well-being not consonant with apparent stimuli or events; usually of psychologic origin, but also seen in organic brain disease and toxic states.


Congenital disorder of lambs caused by a virus closely related to or identical with certain strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus.


Equipment on which one may lie and sleep, especially as used to care for the hospital patient.


Contamination of water with radioactive materials and/or substances.


Roentgenography of a joint, usually after injection of either positive or negative contrast medium.


A genus of gram negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in soil, plants, and marine mud.


Works about systematic description of the drugs and preparations used generally or in a specific setting.


Excessive compression of parts of the body that causes muscle swelling, fracture, and/or neurological disturbances in the affected areas. Crush injury with systemic manifestations is referred to as CRUSH SYNDROME.


The tendinous cords that connect each cusp of the two atrioventricular HEART VALVES to appropriate PAPILLARY MUSCLES in the HEART VENTRICLES, preventing the valves from reversing themselves when the ventricles contract.


Infestation with nematode worms of the genus TRICHOSTRONGYLUS. Man and animals become infected by swallowing larvae, usually with contaminated food or drink, although the larvae may penetrate human skin.


Professional nurses who have completed postgraduate training in the administration of anesthetics.


An order of fungi in the phylum ASCOMYCOTA that includes a number of species which are parasitic on higher plants, insects, or fungi. Other species are saprotrophic.


Serine proteinase inhibitors which inhibit trypsin. They may be endogenous or exogenous compounds.


Branch-like terminations of NERVE FIBERS, sensory or motor NEURONS. Endings of sensory neurons are the beginnings of afferent pathway to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Endings of motor neurons are the terminals of axons at the muscle cells. Nerve endings which release neurotransmitters are called PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS.


Pathological processes of the ADRENAL GLANDS.


Those funds disbursed for facilities and equipment, particularly those related to the delivery of health care.


A febrile illness characterized by chills, aches, vomiting, leukopenia, and sometimes encephalitis. It is caused by the COLORADO TICK FEVER VIRUS, a reovirus transmitted by the tick Dermacentor andersoni.


Enzymes that catalyze the joining of two molecules by the formation of a carbon-nitrogen bond. EC 6.3.


Unequal curvature of the refractive surfaces of the eye. Thus a point source of light cannot be brought to a point focus on the retina but is spread over a more or less diffuse area. This results from the radius of curvature in one plane being longer or shorter than the radius at right angles to it. (Dorland, 27th ed)


Plant extracts from several species, including genera STRYCHNOS and Chondodendron, which contain TETRAHYDROISOQUINOLINES that produce PARALYSIS of skeletal muscle. These extracts are toxic and must be used with the administration of artificial respiration.


Surgical fistulization of the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear with mastoid, subarachnoid or cochlear shunt. This procedure is used in the treatment of MENIERE DISEASE.


A family of gram-positive, aerobic actinomycetes found in soil and animal tissue. Some species are the cause of infection in man and animals.


A class of lipoproteins that carry dietary CHOLESTEROL and TRIGLYCERIDES from the SMALL INTESTINE to the tissues. Their density (0.93-1.006 g/ml) is the same as that of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS.


Population Replacement
Population Theory
Neomalthusianism
Population Pressure
Optimum Population
Demographic Transition
Malthusianism
Rural-Urban Migration
Population Decrease
Population Dynamics
Residential Mobility
Demographic Aging
Stationary Population
Stable Population

Frequent change of residence, either in the same city or town, or between cities, states or communities.


A genus of ascomycetous mitosporic fungi in the family Orbiliaceae. It is used for the biological control of nematodes in livestock.


Methods used for studying the interactions of antibodies with specific regions of protein antigens. Important applications of epitope mapping are found within the area of immunochemistry.


A tube of ectodermal tissue in an embryo that will give rise to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, including the SPINAL CORD and the BRAIN. Lumen within the neural tube is called neural canal which gives rise to the central canal of the spinal cord and the ventricles of the brain. For malformation of the neural tube, see NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS.


An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sc, atomic number 21, and atomic weight 45.


Compounds with three contiguous nitrogen atoms in linear format R2N-N=NR.


Devices that cover the nose and mouth to maintain aseptic conditions or to administer inhaled anesthetics or other gases. (UMDNS, 1999)


An involuntary or voluntary pause in breathing, sometimes accompanied by loss of consciousness.


Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists
Adenosine A2B Receptor Agonists
Adenosine A2A Receptor Agonists

Compounds that selectively bind to and activate ADENOSINE A2 RECEPTORS.


A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.


The shortest and widest portion of the SMALL INTESTINE adjacent to the PYLORUS of the STOMACH. It is named for having the length equal to about the width of 12 fingers.


A tricyclic antidepressant that has actions and uses similar to those of AMITRIPTYLINE, but has only weak antimuscarinic and sedative effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p257)


A group of inherited metabolic disorders characterized by the intralysosomal accumulation of sulfur-containing lipids (SULFATIDES), including SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS normally found in the MYELIN SHEATH of the brain. These disorders are caused by defective degradative enzymes leading to substrate accumulation (or storage).


A collection of watery fluid in the pleural cavity. (Dorland, 27th ed)


A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.


Stromectol Ivermectin MK-933 Mectizan Eqvalan Ivomec


An acute disease of young pigs that is usually associated with weaning. It is characterized clinically by paresis and subcutaneous edema.


Focalin XR
Dexmethylphenidate
Focalin
Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride

A methylphenidate derivative, DOPAMINE UPTAKE INHIBITOR and CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANT that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.


A genus of owlet moths of the family Noctuidae. These insects are used in molecular biology studies during all stages of their life cycle.


A subclass of LIM domain proteins that include an additional centrally-located homeodomain region that binds AT-rich sites on DNA. Many LIM-homeodomain proteins play a role as transcriptional regulators that direct cell fate.


A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)


The practice of extracting COAL from the earth.


The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)


Neurological process involving the conversion of learned information into long-term memory.


Organic compounds having ethyl groups bound to an oxygen atom.


Deaths occurring from the 28th week of GESTATION to the 28th day after birth in a given population.


A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus PORPHYROMONAS, family Porphyromonadaceae. It is a key pathogen in endodontic infections.


A genus of GREEN ALGAE in the family Volvocaceae. They form spherical colonies of hundreds or thousands of bi-flagellated cells in a semi-transparent gelatinous ball.


A plant genus of the family CUCURBITACEAE. It is a source of momordin.


Steroids in which one or more hydroxy groups have been substituted for hydrogen atoms either within the ring skeleton or on any of the side chains.


A formal process of examination of patient care or research proposals for conformity with ethical standards. The review is usually conducted by an organized clinical or research ethics committee (CLINICAL ETHICS COMMITTEES or RESEARCH ETHICS COMMITTEES), sometimes by a subset of such a committee, an ad hoc group, or an individual ethicist (ETHICISTS).


A family of bacteria consisting of flexible helical cells exhibiting a right-handed conformation. It consists of a single genus, LEPTOSPIRA.


A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825)


A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that contains castanospermines, swainsonine, and triterpenoid saponins.


Dual Data Collection
Data Collection
Data Collection Methods

Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.


A genus of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria consisting of organisms causing variable hemolysis that are normal flora of the intestinal tract. Previously thought to be a member of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS, it is now recognized as a separate genus.


Exposure of FOOD to radioactive substances, distinguishable from FOOD IRRADIATION, a food preservation technique.


Food products manufactured from fish (e.g., FISH FLOUR, fish meal).


A genus of gram-negative bacteria in the family OXALOBACTERACEAE, which comprises vibrioid or sometimes helical cells. They are chemoorganotrophic nitrogen fixers and are found free-living in the soil or in association with the roots of members of the GRAMINEAE. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)


A family of THERMOPROTEALES consisting of variable length rigid rods without septa. They grow either chemolithoautotrophically or by sulfur respiration. The four genera are: PYROBACULUM; THERMOPROTEUS; Caldivirga; and Thermocladium. (From Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2d ed)


An extension of the posterior of an animal body beyond the TORSO.


PROTEINS derived from TISSUES of the EYE.


Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Differential Mobility Analysis

Techniques for separation and identification of ionized molecules based on their drift through a gas phase after being accelerated by an electric field. Their mobilities will be effected by their shape, size, and charge.


Inhibition of quorum sensing (signaling molecules) by degradation enzymes.


A plant family of the order Lamiales. The leaves are usually opposite and the flowers usually have four sepals, four petals, two stamens, and two fused carpels that form a single superior ovary.


Compounds containing dibenzo-1,4-thiazine. Some of them are neuroactive.


Gas Scavengers
Anesthetic Gas Scavengers

Apparatus for removing exhaled or leaked anesthetic gases or other volatile agents, thus reducing the exposure of operating room personnel to such agents, as well as preventing the buildup of potentially explosive mixtures in operating rooms or laboratories.


Serologic tests in which a positive reaction manifested by visible CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION occurs when a soluble ANTIGEN reacts with its precipitins, i.e., ANTIBODIES that can form a precipitate.


Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling
Vascular Remodeling

The active alterations of vascular wall structures, often leading to elevated VASCULAR RESISTANCE. It is associated with AGING; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; HYPERTENSION; PREGNANCY; PULMONARY HYPERTENSION; and STROKE, but is also a normal part of EMBRYOGENESIS.


Committees of professional personnel who have responsibility for determining policies, procedures, and controls related to professional matters in health facilities.


Benzoic acid or benzoic acid esters substituted with one or more nitro groups.


A subclass of alpha-amylase ISOENZYMES that are secreted into SALIVA.


Illigerales Laurales Hernandiales Calycanthales Gyrocarpales Atherospermatales Monimiales

Order of flowering plants in the superorder Magnolianae. Common examples are bay laurel, AVOCADO; sassafras and CINNAMON.


A body of stories, the origins of which may be unknown or forgotten, that serve to explain practices, beliefs, institutions or natural phenomena. Mythology includes legends and folk tales. It may refer to classical mythology or to a body of modern thought and modern life. (From Webster's 1st ed)


Gastric analysis for determination of free acid or total acid.


A group of compounds having the general formula CH2=C(CN)-COOR; it polymerizes on contact with moisture; used as tissue adhesive; higher homologs have hemostatic and antibacterial properties.


A family of rod-shaped or filamentous bacteriophages consisting of single-stranded DNA. There are two genera: INOVIRUS and PLECTROVIRUS.


A plant family of the order Dilleniales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida.


Conformational transitions of a protein from unfolded states (after PROTEIN UNFOLDING)  to a more folded state.


In patients with neoplastic diseases a wide variety of clinical pictures which are indirect and usually remote effects produced by tumor cell metabolites or other products.


Betatrons
Linear Accelerators
Particle Accelerators

Devices which accelerate electrically charged atomic or subatomic particles, such as electrons, protons or ions, to high velocities so they have high kinetic energy.


Information Distribution
Information Sharing
Data Sharing
Information Dissemination

The circulation or wide dispersal of information.


A state of unconsciousness as a complication of diabetes mellitus. It occurs in cases of extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA or extreme HYPOGLYCEMIA as a complication of INSULIN therapy.


Endocrine Breast Diseases
Breast Diseases

Breast diseases which are hormone-dependent or responsive to endocrine signals.


Sexual stimulation or gratification of the self.


A group of compounds that are methyl derivatives of the amino acid TYROSINE.


Geographically Weighted Regression
Spatial Regression

Methods used to take into account and incorporate spatial autocorrelation and regional variation into regression analysis models of data that has spatial dependency, and also to provide information on the spatial relationships among the variables.


A large superfamily of cell surface membrane proteins characterized by their four transmembrane domains. They play a role in a variety of processes such as cellular adhesion and motility. They may be involved in the organization of cell surface MEMBRANE MICRODOMAINS that regulate the activation of LEUKOCYTES.


Transducers that are activated by pressure changes, e.g., blood pressure.


A thermotolerant, cyst-forming, anoxygenic photosynthetic species, in the genus RHODOSPIRILLUM.


Air Conditioning
Air Revitalization
Climate Control

The maintenance of certain aspects of the environment within a defined space to facilitate the function of that space; aspects controlled include air temperature and motion, radiant heat level, moisture, and concentration of pollutants such as dust, microorganisms, and gases. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)


An order of mammals which consists of the even-toed ungulates and includes both RUMINANTS and SWINE.


A genus of ciliate protozoa having a unique cursorial type of locomotion.


Compounds that cause reproductive sterility in organisms. They are sometimes used to control pest populations by sterilizing males within the population.


The outer protein protective shell of a virus, which protects the viral nucleic acid.


Collective behavior of an aggregate of individuals giving the appearance of unity of attitude, feeling, and motivation.


Adaptive antiviral defense mechanisms, in archaea and bacteria, based on DNA repeat arrays called CLUSTERED REGULARLY INTERSPACED SHORT PALINDROMIC REPEATS (CRISPR elements) that function in conjunction with CRISPR-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS (Cas proteins). Several types have been distinguished, including Type I, Type II, and Type III, based on signature motifs of CRISPR-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS.


Reductions in all or any portion of the costs of providing goods or services. Savings may be incurred by the provider or the consumer.


Copies of a work or document distributed to the public by sale, rental, lease, or lending. (From ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983, p181)


A process of differentiation having for its goal the development of the individual personality.


Usually densely-packed hairs on the skin of MAMMALS.


The sour gum family of the order Cornales.


The study of the actions and properties of medicinal agents, often derived from PLANTS, indigenous to populations or ETHNIC GROUPS.


A genus of flowering plants in the family PRIMULACEAE, order ERICALES.


Alkaloids extracted from various species of Cinchona.


The exposure of the head to roentgen rays or other forms of radioactivity for therapeutic or preventive purposes.


Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream.


Endoscopes for visual examination of the urinary bladder.


Dispersion or dislocation of people from their country of origin, either voluntarily or involuntarily.


A metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn.


Inorganic compounds that contain silver as an integral part of the molecule.


Decreased URINE output that is below the normal range. Oliguria can be defined as urine output of less than or equal to 0.5 or 1 ml/kg/hr depending on the age.


A complete denture replacing all the natural mandibular teeth and associated structures. It is completely supported by the oral tissue and underlying mandibular bone.


Gradual increase in the number, the size, and the complexity of cells of an individual. Growth generally results in increase in ORGAN WEIGHT; BODY WEIGHT; and BODY HEIGHT.


A reagent that is highly selective for the modification of arginyl residues. It is used to selectively inhibit various enzymes and acts as an energy transfer inhibitor in photophosphorylation.


A plant genus of the family GERANIACEAE. Geranium is also used as a common name for PELARGONIUM.


The process of laying or shedding fully developed eggs (OVA) from the female body. The term is usually used for certain INSECTS or FISHES with an organ called ovipositor where eggs are stored or deposited before expulsion from the body.


A framework through which the United Kingdom's National Health Service organizations are accountable for continually improving the quality of their services and safeguarding high standards of care by creating an environment in which excellence in clinical care will flourish. (Scally and Donaldson, BMJ (4 July 1998): 61-65)


Evaluation of manifestations of disease.


Movement characteristics of SPERMATOZOA in a fresh specimen. It is measured as the percentage of sperms that are moving, and as the percentage of sperms with productive flagellar motion such as rapid, linear, and forward progression.


A subfamily of HERPESVIRIDAE characterized by a short replication cycle. The genera include: SIMPLEXVIRUS; VARICELLOVIRUS; MAREK'S DISEASE-LIKE VIRUSES; and ILTOVIRUS.


A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that occurs in fish and other aquatic animals and in a variety of mammals, including man. Its organisms probably do not belong to the normal intestinal flora of man and can cause diarrhea.


The intentional infliction of physical or mental suffering upon an individual or individuals, including the torture of animals.


Period of contraction of the HEART, especially of the HEART VENTRICLES.


Study of the causes as well as tactical and strategic principles of WARFARE.


A genus of side-gilled sea slugs in the family Pleurobranchidae, superorder GASTROPODA. They are opportunistic voracious feeders but prefer the sea anemone.


Three-dimensional biocompatible polymers in micrometer size range. They are typically spherical particles in a size range of 1-350 micrometers when used for drug delivery and 3D cell culture applications.


A birth defect due to malformation of the URETHRA in which the urethral opening is above its normal location. In the male, the malformed urethra generally opens on the top or the side of the PENIS, but the urethra can also be open the entire length of the penis. In the female, the malformed urethral opening is often between the CLITORIS and the labia, or in the ABDOMEN.


Azoles of two nitrogens at the 1,2 positions, next to each other, in contrast with IMIDAZOLES in which they are at the 1,3 positions.


Hydroxylated benzoic acid derivatives that contain mercury. Some of these are used as sulfhydryl reagents in biochemical studies.


Young, unweaned mammals. Refers to nursing animals whether nourished by their biological mother, foster mother, or bottle fed.


A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7)


An antitumor antibiotic produced by Streptomyces sparsogenes. It inhibits protein synthesis in 70S and 80S ribosomal systems.


Folk Media
Mass Media
Broadcast Media
Printed Media

Instruments or technological means of communication that reach large numbers of people with a common message: press, radio, television, etc.


Presence of pus in a hollow organ or body cavity.


The study of the physical, chemical, hydrological, and biological aspects of fresh water bodies. (EPA Terms of Environment: Glossary, Abbreviations and Acronyms [Internet] US Environmental Protection Agency [cited 2008 Sep 25] available from http://www.epa.gov/OCEPAterms/aterms.html)


Astragalus gummifer Labill. is the source of gum TRAGACANTH.


A compound forming white, odorless deliquescent crystals and used as iodine supplement, expectorant or in its radioactive (I-131) form as an diagnostic aid, particularly for thyroid function tests.


A fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed into a number of pieces.


Deliberate introduction of air or gas into the mediastinum as an aid to examination and diagnosis.


A man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Cf, atomic number 98, and atomic weight 251. Its valence can be +2 or +3. Californium has medical use as a radiation source for radiotherapy.


Techniques, procedures, and therapies carried out on diseased organs in such a way to avoid complete removal of the organ and preserve the remaining organ function.


A family of the order DIPTERA that includes the TSETSE FLIES. These flies occur only in Africa.


Cattell Personality Factor Questionnaire

Self report questionnaire which yields 16 scores on personality traits, such as reserved vs. outgoing, humble vs. assertive, etc.


Any aspect of the operations in the preparation, processing, transport, storage, packaging, wrapping, exposure for sale, service, or delivery of food.


An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Pr, atomic number 59, and atomic weight 140.91.


Five individuals derived from five FETUSES that were fertilized at or about the same time, developed in the UTERUS simultaneously, and born to the same mother.


A plant genus of the family ARECACEAE. Members contain ARECOLINE and CATECHIN. The leaves and nuts have been used as masticatories, stimulants, and astringents in traditional medicine. The common name of betel is also used for PIPER BETLE. The common name of catechu is sometimes used for ACACIA CATECHU.


A plant species of the family APIACEAE that is the source of dong quai.


Foreign Aid
International Cooperation
Treaties

The interaction of persons or groups of persons representing various nations in the pursuit of a common goal or interest.


An erectile structure homologous with the penis, situated beneath the anterior labial commissure, partially hidden between the anterior ends of the labia minora.


The transfer of blood components such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and plasma from a donor to a recipient or back to the donor. This process differs from the procedures undertaken in PLASMAPHERESIS and types of CYTAPHERESIS; (PLATELETPHERESIS and LEUKAPHERESIS) where, following the removal of plasma or the specific cell components, the remainder is transfused back to the donor.


Various mixtures of fats, waxes, animal and plant oils and solid and liquid hydrocarbons; vehicles for medicinal substances intended for external application; there are four classes: hydrocarbon base, absorption base, water-removable base and water-soluble base; several are also emollients.


A standardized nomenclature for clinical drugs and drug delivery devices. It links its names to many of the drug vocabularies commonly used in pharmacy management.


Modified oligonucleotides in which one of the oxygens of the phosphate group is replaced with a sulfur atom.


A complex of cells consisting of juxtaglomerular cells, extraglomerular mesangium lacis cells, the macula densa of the distal convoluted tubule, and granular epithelial peripolar cells. Juxtaglomerular cells are modified SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS found in the walls of afferent glomerular arterioles and sometimes the efferent arterioles. Extraglomerular mesangium lacis cells are located in the angle between the afferent and efferent glomerular arterioles. Granular epithelial peripolar cells are located at the angle of reflection of the parietal to visceral angle of the renal corpuscle.


Chemical Safety Measures
Chemical Safety

Measures and or processes implemented to reduce and or eliminate hazards associated with chemicals.


Phenomena and pharmaceutics of compounds that bind to the same receptor binding-site as an agonist (DRUG AGONISM) for that receptor but exerts the opposite pharmacological effect.


Fever in which the etiology cannot be ascertained.


A system of exercise using the weight of the body and specific apparatus to promote strength and grace of carriage.


A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Members contain isoacteoside, luteolin, indole-3-carboxylic acid.


A plant genus of the family RUTACEAE. Members contain murrayanine, koenine, isomahanine, kwangsine, siamenol, murrayafoline A, murrayaquinone A and other cytotoxic carbazolequinones.


Patient care intended to prevent or relieve suffering in conditions that ensure optimal quality living.


Instinctual patterns of activity related to a specific area including ability of certain animals to return to a given place when displaced from it, often over great distances using navigational clues such as those used in migration (ANIMAL MIGRATION).


The percent frequency with which a dominant or homozygous recessive gene or gene combination manifests itself in the phenotype of the carriers. (From Glossary of Genetics, 5th ed)