The process of converting an acid into an alkyl or aryl derivative. Most frequently the process consists of the reaction of an acid with an alcohol in the presence of a trace of mineral acid as catalyst or the reaction of an acyl chloride with an alcohol. Esterification can also be accomplished by enzymatic processes.


Stable cobalt atoms that have the same atomic number as the element cobalt, but differ in atomic weight. Co-59 is a stable cobalt isotope.


Shift Work Schedule
Night Shift Work
Rotating Shift Work

Job schedule in which working hours deviate from the standard hours (e.g., evening shift, night shift or rotating shift).


Characteristic cells of granulomatous hypersensitivity. They appear as large, flattened cells with increased endoplasmic reticulum. They are believed to be activated macrophages that have differentiated as a result of prolonged antigenic stimulation. Further differentiation or fusion of epithelioid cells is thought to produce multinucleated giant cells (GIANT CELLS).


A bone-patellar tendon graft used for fixation of the ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT during surgical reconstruction of the knee.


A drug formerly used as an antipsychotic and treatment of various movement disorders. Tetrabenazine blocks neurotransmitter uptake into adrenergic storage vesicles and has been used as a high affinity label for the vesicle transport system.


Contaminated water generated as a waste product of human activity.


Very large BONE MARROW CELLS which release mature BLOOD PLATELETS.


Arthropods, other than insects and arachnids, which transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.


The body of a fungus which is made up of HYPHAE.


Clinical manifestations that can be either objective when observed by a physician, or subjective when perceived by the patient.


The active production and accumulation of VITELLINS (egg yolk proteins) in the non-mammalian OOCYTES from circulating precursors, VITELLOGENINS. Vitellogenesis usually begins after the first MEIOSIS and is regulated by estrogenic hormones.


Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.


A procedure whereby the body is stimulated to generate extra soft tissue by the application of stretching forces that stimulate new growth of tissue which, over a period of time, results in a 2-dimensional expansion of the tissue. The procedure is used in reconstructive surgery for injuries caused by trauma, burns, or ablative surgery. Various types of TISSUE EXPANSION DEVICES have been developed that exert stretching forces.


Displacement of the PATELLA from the femoral groove.


Inorganic compounds that contain lithium as an integral part of the molecule.


Chymotrypsinogen
Chymotrypsinogen beta
Chymotrypsinogen A
Alpha-Chymotrypsinogen


The hair of SHEEP or other animals that is used for weaving or felting.


The emission of SEMEN to the exterior, resulting from the contraction of muscles surrounding the male internal urogenital ducts.


A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria that is found in domestic and wild animals including birds, and fish. In humans it causes GASTROENTERITIS in young children and some adults.


A genus of unicellular streptophyte algae in the family Desmidiaceae, order DESMIDIALES.


The integration of exogenous DNA into the genome of an organism at sites where its expression can be suitably controlled. This integration occurs as a result of homologous recombination.


Surgical interruption of a spinal or cranial nerve root. (From Dorland, 28th ed)


Gram-negative gas-producing rods found in feces of humans and other animals, sewage, soil, water, and dairy products.


A severe, sometimes fatal, disorder of adipose tissue occurring chiefly in preterm or debilitated infants suffering from an underlying illness and manifested by a diffuse, nonpitting induration of the affected tissue. The skin becomes cold, yellowish, mottled, and inflexible.


Weakening of hope, courage, or confidence.


Insects of the family Formicidae, very common and widespread, probably the most successful of all the insect groups. All ants are social insects, and most colonies contain three castes, queens, males, and workers. Their habits are often very elaborate and a great many studies have been made of ant behavior. Ants produce a number of secretions that function in offense, defense, and communication. (From Borror, et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p676)


The constant presence of diseases or infectious agents within a given geographic area or population group. It may also refer to the usual prevalence of a given disease with such area or group. It includes holoendemic and hyperendemic diseases. A holoendemic disease is one for which a high prevalent level of infection begins early in life and affects most of the child population, leading to a state of equilibrium such that the adult population shows evidence of the disease much less commonly than do children (malaria in many communities is a holoendemic disease). A hyperendemic disease is one that is constantly present at a high incidence and/or prevalence rate and affects all groups equally. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 3d ed, p53, 78, 80)


A species of gram-positive, rod-shaped LACTIC ACID bacteria found naturally in the human intestinal flora and BREAST MILK.


Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).


A state in which there is an enhanced potential for sensitivity and an efficient responsiveness to external stimuli.


A genus of anaerobic, gram-positive bacteria in the family Peptococcaceae, that reductively dechlorinates CHLOROPHENOLS.


Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.


Gram-negative rods isolated from human urine and feces.


The death of the father or mother or another person in this role.


The cutting of or surgical operation on a living animal, usually for physiological or pathological investigation. (from Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dict, 10th ed)


The observation and analysis of movements in a task with an emphasis on the amount of time required to perform the task.


Relatively bright light, or the dazzling sensation of relatively bright light, which produces unpleasantness or discomfort, or which interferes with optimal VISION, OCULAR. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)


A protozoan parasite that causes avian malaria (MALARIA, AVIAN), primarily in chickens, and is transmitted by the Aedes mosquito.


A family of bacteriophages containing one genus (Cystovirus) with one member (BACTERIOPHAGE PHI 6).


Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the eye; may also be hereditary.


A species of the genus POTYVIRUS that affects many species of Prunus. It is transmitted by aphids and by infected rootstocks.


Neuroglial cells of the peripheral nervous system which form the insulating myelin sheaths of peripheral axons.


Death that occurs as a result of anoxia or heart arrest, associated with immersion in liquid.


A beverage made by FERMENTATION of black tea and/or green tea.


Pain associated with examination, treatment or procedures.


A water-soluble medicinal preparation applied to the skin.


Organic compounds that contain two nitro groups attached to a phenol.


A gel-forming mucin that is predominantly associated with the gastric epithelium.


The systematic application of information and computer sciences to public health practice, research, and learning.


The condition of carrying TRIPLETS simultaneously.


The measurement of the dimensions of the SKULL.


General term for the abnormal appearance of histiocytes in the blood. Based on the pathological features of the cells involved rather than on clinical findings, the histiocytic diseases are subdivided into three groups: HISTIOCYTOSIS, LANGERHANS CELL; HISTIOCYTOSIS, NON-LANGERHANS-CELL; and HISTIOCYTIC DISORDERS, MALIGNANT.


The entire genetic composition of a strain or individual that interacts with a gene of interest.


The anatomical components of a tooth, its tissues, and correlated parts.


A dull red, firm, dome-shaped hemangioma, sharply demarcated from surrounding skin, usually located on the head and neck, which grows rapidly and generally undergoes regression and involution without scarring. It is caused by proliferation of immature capillary vessels in active stroma, and is usually present at birth or occurs within the first two or three months of life. (Dorland, 27th ed)


The theory that the radiation and absorption of energy take place in definite quantities called quanta (E) which vary in size and are defined by the equation E=hv in which h is Planck's constant and v is the frequency of the radiation.


Radiography of the SALIVARY GLANDS or ducts following injection of contrast medium.


The process of breakdown of food for metabolism and use by the body.


Rourea Connarus Cnestis Connaraceae Agelaea

A plant genus of the family CONNARACEAE.


Iodinated pyridine derivatives that are often used as contrast media.


New immature growth of a plant including stem, leaves, tips of branches, and SEEDLINGS.


A family of 3,3-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)phthalides. They are used as CATHARTICS, indicators, and COLORING AGENTS.


Force exerted when using the index finger and the thumb. It is a test for determining maximum voluntary contraction force.


A sexual disorder occurring in a person 16 years or older and that is recurrent with intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child (generally age 13 or younger). (from APA, DSM-IV, 1994).


Fusiform Aneurysm
Saccular Aneurysm
Aneurysm

Localized distended sac affecting only part of the wall of blood vessels.


The study of the structure, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of fungi, and MYCOSES.


Rats bearing mutant genes which are phenotypically expressed in the animals.


In current usage, approximately equivalent to personality. The sum of the relatively fixed personality traits and habitual modes of response of an individual.


A genus of TICKS, in the family IXODIDAE, widespread in Africa. Members of the genus include many important vectors of animal and human pathogens.


The science concerned with celestial bodies and the observation and interpretation of the radiation received in the vicinity of the earth from the component parts of the universe (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)


Devices containing fissionable material in sufficient quantity and so arranged as to be capable of maintaining a controlled, self-sustaining NUCLEAR FISSION chain reaction. They are also known as atomic piles, atomic reactors, fission reactors, and nuclear piles, although such names are deprecated. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)


A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.


A genus of rod-shaped, extremely halophilic HALOBACTERIACEAE which grows in alkaline conditions. They are strictly aerobic and some strains are motile. Natronobacterium is found in soda lakes, alkaline salterns, and soda soils.


Raccoonpox virus
Volepox virus
Skunkpox virus
Horsepox virus
Orthopoxvirus
Taterapox virus
Camelpox virus

A genus of the family POXVIRIDAE, subfamily CHORDOPOXVIRINAE, comprising many species infecting mammals. Viruses of this genus cause generalized infections and a rash in some hosts. The type species is VACCINIA VIRUS.


Diseases in any part of the ductal system of the BILIARY TRACT from the smallest BILE CANALICULI to the largest COMMON BILE DUCT.


Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.


The transfer of lymphocytes from a donor to a recipient or reinfusion to the donor.


A historical and cultural entity dispersed across the wide geographical area of Europe, as opposed to the East, Asia, and Africa. The term was used by scholars through the late medieval period. Thereafter, with the impact of colonialism and the transmission of cultures, Western World was sometimes expanded to include the Americas. (Dr. James H. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division)


Those individuals with INTERSEX CONDITIONS, with or without a desire to undergo SEX REASSIGNMENT PROCEDURES.


The phenomenon by which dissociated cells intermixed in vitro tend to group themselves with cells of their own type.


Compounds with the general formula RN=C=NR, where R is a hydrocarbyl group.


A rare but highly lethal childhood tumor found almost exclusively in infants. Histopathologically, it resembles RHABDOMYOSARCOMA but the tumor cells are not of myogenic origin. Although it arises primarily in the kidney, it may be found in other parts of the body. The rhabdoid cytomorphology is believed to be the expression of a very primitive malignant cell. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2210)


Bogalusa Heart Study
Longitudinal Studies
Jackson Heart Study
California Teachers Study
Framingham Heart Study
Tuskegee Syphilis Study
Longitudinal Survey

Study into the epidemiology and risk factors of cardiovascular disease.


A group of viral diseases of diverse etiology but having many similar clinical characteristics; increased capillary permeability, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia are common to all. Hemorrhagic fevers are characterized by sudden onset, fever, headache, generalized myalgia, backache, conjunctivitis, and severe prostration, followed by various hemorrhagic symptoms. Hemorrhagic fever with kidney involvement is HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME.


A genus known for fibers obtained from their leaves: sisal from A. sisalana, henequen from A. fourcroyoides and A. cantala, or Manila-Maguey fiber from A. cantala. Some species provide a sap that is fermented to an intoxicating drink, called pulque in Mexico. Some contain agavesides.


A benign tumor composed of bone tissue or a hard tumor of bonelike structure developing on a bone (homoplastic osteoma) or on other structures (heteroplastic osteoma). (From Dorland, 27th ed)


Any aromatic amide obtained by acylation of aniline.


Persons adversely effected by DISASTERS, occurrences that result in property damage, deaths, and/or injuries to a community.


The condition in which one chromosome of a pair is missing. In a normally diploid cell it is represented symbolically as 2N-1.


The aperture in the iris through which light passes.


Beet yellow stunt virus
Beet yellows virus
Closterovirus

A genus of plant viruses in the family CLOSTEROVIRIDAE containing highly flexuous filaments. Some members are important pathogens of crop plants. Natural vectors include APHIDS, whiteflies, and mealybugs. The type species is Beet yellows virus.


A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.


Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent or treat PSEUDOMONAS INFECTIONS.


A state of social disorganization and demoralization in society which is largely the result of disharmony between cultural goals and the means for attaining them. This may be reflected in the behavior of the individual in many ways - non-conformity, social withdrawal, deviant behavior, etc.


A species of rod-shaped, LACTIC ACID bacteria used in PROBIOTICS and SILAGE production.


Microbodies which occur in animal and plant cells and in certain fungi and protozoa. They contain peroxidase, catalase, and allied enzymes. (From Singleton and Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2nd ed)


DNA Repeat Expansion
Expanded DNA Repeats

An increase number of repeats of a genomic, tandemly repeated DNA sequence from one generation to the next.


A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.


Miniopterus bat coronavirus 1
Bat coronavirus HKU10
Miniopterus bat coronavirus HKU8
Mink coronavirus 1
Alphacoronavirus
Rhinolophus bat coronavirus HKU2
Bat coronavirus CDPHE15
Scotophilus bat coronavirus 512

A genus of the family CORONAVIRIDAE which causes respiratory or gastrointestinal disease in a variety of mammals. Human alphacoronaviruses include Human coronavirus 229E and NL63. All members share the identical core transcription regulatory sequences of 5’-CUAAAC-3’ and most have 1 to 2 ORFs downstream to the N protein gene.


Inflammation of the choroid as well as the retina and vitreous body. Some form of visual disturbance is usually present. The most important characteristics of posterior uveitis are vitreous opacities, choroiditis, and chorioretinitis.


A species of the genus BRUCELLA whose natural hosts are sheep and goats. Other mammals, including humans, may be infected. In general, these organisms tend to be more virulent for laboratory animals than BRUCELLA ABORTUS and may cause fatal infections.


3-Chloro-4-(3-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)pyrrole. Antifungal antibiotic isolated from Pseudomonas pyrrocinia. It is effective mainly against Trichophyton, Microsporium, Epidermophyton, and Penicillium.


A disaccharide consisting of one galactose and one glucose moiety in an alpha (1-6) glycosidic linkage.


A plant genus of the family CORNACEAE. It is widely cultivated for the attractive flowers.


The type species of OLEAVIRUS which is transmitted by the inoculation of sap, but not by APHIDS.


Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the internal bonds and thereby the formation of polynucleotides or oligonucleotides from ribo- or deoxyribonucleotide chains. EC 3.1.-.


A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Canavalia ensiformis is the source of CONCANAVALIN A.


The feeling-tone accompaniment of an idea or mental representation. It is the most direct psychic derivative of instinct and the psychic representative of the various bodily changes by means of which instincts manifest themselves.


Income
Savings
Income Distribution
Income Generation Programs

Revenues or receipts accruing from business enterprise, labor, or invested capital.


Acquired degenerative dilation or expansion (ectasia) of normal BLOOD VESSELS, often associated with aging. They are isolated, tortuous, thin-walled vessels and sources of bleeding. They occur most often in mucosal capillaries of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT leading to GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE and ANEMIA.


A species of Propionibacterium that occurs in raw milk and cheese. It produces ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS and is used as a PROBIOTIC.


Ventilago Rhamnaceae Alphitonia Discaria

A plant genus. Members contain CYCLIC PEPTIDES.


A plant family of the order AUSTROBAILEYALES, class MAGNOLIOPSIDA.


A plant genus of the family SANTALACEAE. Members contain thionin toxin, which shouldn't be confused with thionine.


A medicated adhesive patch placed on the skin to deliver a specific dose of medication into the bloodstream.


Peptides composed of two amino acid units.


Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.


Trifluoroacetate
Cesium Trifluoroacetate
Trifluoroacetic Acid

A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.


A plant genus of the family RUTACEAE. Members contain eudesmane type SESQUITERPENES; COUMARINS, and obacunone (a limonoid).


A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.


Population Heterogeneity
Population Statistics
Population Characteristics

Qualities and characterization of various types of populations within a social or geographic group, with emphasis on demography, health status, and socioeconomic factors.


Benzylamine Oxidase
Clorgyline-Resistant Amine Oxidase

An aspect of monoamine oxidase, EC 1.4.3.4. Catalyzes the oxidation of benzylamine to form benzaldehyde, ammonia and hydrogen peroxide.


Anxiety related to the execution of a task. (Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary, 9th ed.)


Drosophila melanogaster Proteins
Drosophila Proteins

Proteins that originate from insect species belonging to the genus DROSOPHILA. The proteins from the most intensely studied species of Drosophila, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, are the subject of much interest in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.


Demographic and epidemiologic changes that have occurred in the last five decades in many developing countries and that are characterized by major growth in the number and proportion of middle-aged and elderly persons and in the frequency of the diseases that occur in these age groups. The health transition is the result of efforts to improve maternal and child health via primary care and outreach services and such efforts have been responsible for a decrease in the birth rate; reduced maternal mortality; improved preventive services; reduced infant mortality, and the increased life expectancy that defines the transition. (From Ann Intern Med 1992 Mar 15;116(6):499-504)


Abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE.


Spindle-shaped cells with characteristic CONTRACTILE PROTEINS and structures that contribute to the WOUND HEALING process. They occur in GRANULATION TISSUE and also in pathological processes such as FIBROSIS.


A genus comprising related species of ferns.


The measurement of the density of a material by measuring the amount of light or radiation passing through (or absorbed by) the material.


Proteins that enhance gene expression when associated with ligand bound activated NUCLEAR RECEPTORS. The coactivators may act through an enzymatic process that affects the rate of transcription or the structure of chromatin. Alternatively nuclear receptor coactivators can function as adaptor proteins that bring nuclear receptors into close proximity with transcriptional complexes.


A type of CARTILAGE whose matrix contains large bundles of COLLAGEN TYPE I. Fibrocartilage is typically found in the INTERVERTEBRAL DISK; PUBIC SYMPHYSIS; TIBIAL MENISCI; and articular disks in synovial JOINTS. (From Ross et. al., Histology, 3rd ed., p132,136)


Bevacizumab Avastin Bevacizumab-awwb Mvasi

An anti-VEGF humanized murine monoclonal antibody. It inhibits VEGF RECEPTORS and helps to prevent PATHOLOGIC ANGIOGENESIS.


Primigravidity Multigravidity Gravidity Nulligravidity

The number of pregnancies, complete or incomplete, experienced by a female. It is different from PARITY, which is the number of offspring borne. (From Stedman, 26th ed)


A multisubunit polycomb protein complex with affinity for CHROMATIN that contains methylated HISTONE H3. It contains an E3 ubiquitin ligase activity that is specific for HISTONE H2A and works in conjunction with POLYCOMB REPRESSIVE COMPLEX 2 to effect EPIGENETIC REPRESSION.


A group of indole-indoline dimers which are ALKALOIDS obtained from the VINCA genus of plants. They inhibit polymerization of TUBULIN into MICROTUBULES thus blocking spindle formation and arresting cells in METAPHASE. They are some of the most useful ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS.


Myocardial Revascularization
Internal Mammary Artery Implantation

The restoration of blood supply to the myocardium. (From Dorland, 28th ed)


A plant genus of the family BROMELIACEAE. Members contain karatasin and balansain (ENDOPEPTIDASES) and BROMELAINS.


A species of nematode that is widely used in biological, biochemical, and genetic studies.


A genus of parasitic nematodes whose organisms live and breed in skin and subcutaneous tissues. Onchocercal microfilariae may also be found in the urine, blood, or sputum.


The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.


Ions with the suffix -onium, indicating cations with coordination number 4 of the type RxA+ which are analogous to QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS (H4N+). Ions include phosphonium R4P+, oxonium R3O+, sulfonium R3S+, chloronium R2Cl+


A method for diagnosing a disease in one organism by inoculating the putative causative organism in a second animal of a different species. It has been used for the detection of parasites (Trypanosoma cruzi and Trichinella spiralis) when peripheral blood smears are negative. (Segen, Current Med Talk, 1995)


A deep blue dye (with the formula OC6H4NC6H4OH) used to detect AMMONIA in a common test called the Berthelot's reaction and to detect PARACETAMOL by spectrophotometry.


Scientific discipline that studies external factors, both biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving), to which an organism is exposed.


Infections with viruses of the order NIDOVIRALES. The concept includes ARTERIVIRUS INFECTIONS and CORONAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS.


Footwear made of a flat sole shaped to the contour of the foot, connected to an upper portion which may or may not completely cover or wrap around the foot.


Deleterious experiences in first 18 years of life.


Compounds that consist of a benzene ring with a formyl group. They occur naturally in the seeds of many fruits and are used as FLAVORING AGENTS and fragrances, as well as precursors in pharmaceutical and plastics manufacturing.


Intestinal obstruction caused by congealed MECONIUM in the distal ILEUM and CECUM. It presents shortly after birth as a failure to pass meconium and frequently occurs in infants with CYSTIC FIBROSIS.


A genus of anaerobic, gram-negative bacteria in the family Fusobacteriaceae. Some species cause BACTEREMIA and some intra-amniotic infections.


The deductive study of shape, quantity, and dependence. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)


Removal of tissue by vaporization, abrasion, or destruction. Methods used include heating tissue by hot liquids or microwave thermal heating, freezing (CRYOABLATION), chemical ablation, and photoablation with LASERS.


A personality trait characterized by a person's striving for flawlessness and setting excessively high performance standards, accompanied by overly critical self-evaluations and concerns regarding others' evaluations.


Downward displacement of any one of the HEART VALVES from its normal position. This usually results in failed valve closure.


A serine protease found in the azurophil granules of NEUTROPHILS. It has an enzyme specificity similar to that of chymotrypsin C.


Chlorinated ethanes which are used extensively as industrial solvents. They have been utilized in numerous home-use products including spot remover preparations and inhalant decongestant sprays. These compounds cause central nervous system and cardiovascular depression and are hepatotoxic. Include 1,1,1- and 1,1,2-isomers.


A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.


Institutions which provide medical or health-related services.


A genus of newts of the Salamandridae family found in North America in areas east of the 100th meridian. A common species is NOTOPHTHALMUS VIRIDESCENS.


Substances used in the processing or storage of foods or animal feed including ANTIOXIDANTS; FOOD PRESERVATIVES; FOOD COLORING AGENTS; FLAVORING AGENTS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; EXCIPIENTS and other similarly used substances. Many of the same substances are used as PHARMACEUTIC AIDS.


A condition in which there is a derivation of pleasure from inflicting pain, discomfort or humiliation on another person or persons. The sexual significance of sadistic wishes or behavior may be conscious or unconscious.


Any of a group of infections of fowl caused by protozoa of the genera PLASMODIUM, Leucocytozoon, and Haemoproteus. The life cycles of these parasites and the disease produced bears strong resemblance to those observed in human malaria.


Preservation technique in which epoxy polymers are used to preserve tissue or an organ resulting in anatomically authentic dry specimens often used in teaching of anatomy.


A condition caused by the lack of intestinal PERISTALSIS or INTESTINAL MOTILITY without any mechanical obstruction. This interference of the flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS often leads to INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION. Ileus may be classified into postoperative, inflammatory, metabolic, neurogenic, and drug-induced.


Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).


A rare metal element with a blue-gray appearance and atomic symbol Ge, atomic number 32, and atomic weight 72.63.


Radiographic examination of the process of defecation after the instillation of a CONTRAST MEDIA into the rectum.


The determination of the concentration of a given component in solution (the analyte) by addition of a liquid reagent of known strength (the titrant) until an equivalence point is reached (when the reactants are present in stoichiometric proportions). Often an indicator is added to make the equivalence point visible (e.g., a change in color).


A man-made compound previously used to control termites and other insects. Even though production of heptachlor was phased out of use in the United States during the late 1980's it remains in soil and hazardous waste sites. It is clearly toxic to animals and humans but, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined that heptachlor is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (From ATSDR Public Heath Statement, April 1989)


A TEXTILE fiber obtained from the pappus (outside the SEEDS) of cotton plant (GOSSYPIUM).


The potential of the FETUS to survive outside the UTERUS after birth, natural or induced. Fetal viability depends largely on the FETAL ORGAN MATURITY, and environmental conditions.


Instinctual behavior pattern in which food is obtained by killing and consuming other species.


Amount of stimulation required before the sensation of pain is experienced.


The practice of caring for individuals in the community, rather than in an institutional environment with resultant effects on the individual, the individual's family, the community, and the health care system.


Absence of urine formation. It is usually associated with complete bilateral ureteral (URETER) obstruction, complete lower urinary tract obstruction, or unilateral ureteral obstruction when a solitary kidney is present.


The very first viral gene products synthesized after cells are infected with adenovirus. The E1 region of the genome has been divided into two major transcriptional units, E1A and E1B, each expressing proteins of the same name (ADENOVIRUS E1A PROTEINS and ADENOVIRUS E1B PROTEINS).


Wechsler Memory Scale
Brief Cognitive Status Exam

A neuropsychological test designed to assess different memory functions. It may incorporate an optional cognitive exam (Brief Cognitive Status Exam) that helps to assess memory related cognitive function.


Recruitment Activities
Personnel Selection
Personnel Recruitment

The process of choosing employees for specific types of employment. The concept includes recruitment.


A suborder of chewing lice, in the order PHTHIRAPTERA, that are ectoparasites of poultry and some mammals.


Mulundocandins Aculeacins Pneumocandins Echinocandins

Cyclic hexapeptides of proline-ornithine-threonine-proline-threonine-serine. The cyclization with a single non-peptide bond can lead them to be incorrectly called DEPSIPEPTIDES, but the echinocandins lack ester links. Antifungal activity is via inhibition of 1,3-beta-glucan synthase production of BETA-GLUCANS.


Motion pictures of the passage of contrast medium through blood vessels.


A condition produced by the presence of toxins or other harmful substances in the BLOOD.


A genus of shallow-cupped SPONGES with a broad base in the family Theonellidae. They are characterized by ectosomal spicules dominated by phyllotriaenes.


Determination, by measurement or comparison with a standard, of the correct value of each scale reading on a meter or other measuring instrument; or determination of the settings of a control device that correspond to particular values of voltage, current, frequency or other output.


A plant family of the order Fagales subclass Hamamelidae, class Magnoliopsida.


A superfamily of nematodes of the suborder CAMALLANINA. Its organisms possess a poorly developed buccal cavity and a rudimentary esophagus and intestine.


The removal of a carboxyl group, usually in the form of carbon dioxide, from a chemical compound.


Porphyrinogens which are intermediates in heme biosynthesis. They have four acetic acid and four propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings. Uroporphyrinogen I and III are formed from polypyrryl methane in the presence of uroporphyrinogen III cosynthetase and uroporphyrin I synthetase, respectively. They can yield uroporphyrins by autooxidation or coproporphyrinogens by decarboxylation.


Learning in which the subject must respond with one word or syllable when presented with another word or syllable.


The part of a tooth from the neck to the apex, embedded in the alveolar process and covered with cementum. A root may be single or divided into several branches, usually identified by their relative position, e.g., lingual root or buccal root. Single-rooted teeth include mandibular first and second premolars and the maxillary second premolar teeth. The maxillary first premolar has two roots in most cases. Maxillary molars have three roots. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p690)


A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE. Members contain withanolides. Withania somnifera is the source of ashwagandha and aswal.


Vaccine used to prevent YELLOW FEVER. It consists of a live attenuated 17D strain of the YELLOW FEVER VIRUS.


Surgical removal of the pancreas. (Dorland, 28th ed)


Porphyrins which are combined with a metal ion. The metal is bound equally to all four nitrogen atoms of the pyrrole rings. They possess characteristic absorption spectra which can be utilized for identification or quantitative estimation of porphyrins and porphyrin-bound compounds.


Process of searching, gathering, and presenting data in a summarized format.


Dynamic Light Scattering
Quasi-Elastic Light Scattering (QELS)

An analytical technique for measuring particle size of molecules that are less than a micron in diameter dispersed or dissolved in a liquid.


A class of organic compounds that contains a naphthalene moiety linked to a sulfonic acid salt or ester.


A suborder of protozoa of the class LOBOSEA.


A plant family of the order THEALES, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida that have evergreen, alternate leaves.


Exposure of the male parent, human or animal, to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals that may affect offspring.


Interactions and relationships between sisters and/or brothers. The concept also applies to animal studies.


A plant family of the order ZINGIBERALES, subclass Zingiberidae, class Liliopsida. Some species in this genus are called bird-of-paradise which is also a common name for CAESALPINIA and Heliconia (HELICONIACEAE).


The three membranes that cover the BRAIN and the SPINAL CORD. They are the dura mater, the arachnoid, and the pia mater.


The resection or removal of the innervation of a muscle or muscle tissue.


Antibiotic Stewardship
Antimicrobial Stewardship

Programs and guidelines for selecting optimal ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS regimens in an effort to maintain antibiotic efficacy, reduce CROSS INFECTION related to ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE while managing satisfactory clinical and economic outcomes.


Discarded electronic devices containing valuable and sometimes hazardous materials such as LEAD, NICKEL, CADMIUM, and MERCURY. (from http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/materials/ecycling/faq.htm#impact accessed 4/25/2010)


The differentiation of pre-adipocytes into mature ADIPOCYTES.


Digitoxin Bürger
Digophton
Digitoxin-Philo
Digitaline Nativelle
Digimerck
Digitoxin Didier
Digitoxin AWD
Digitoxin
Digimed
Coramedan

A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665)


A historical and cultural entity dispersed across a wide geographical area under the influence of Greek civilization, culture, and science. The Greek Empire extended from the Greek mainland and the Aegean islands from the 16th century B.C., to the Indus Valley in the 4th century under Alexander the Great, and to southern Italy and Sicily. Greek medicine began with Homeric and Aesculapian medicine and continued unbroken to Hippocrates (480-355 B.C.). The classic period of Greek medicine was 460-136 B.C. and the Graeco-Roman period, 156 B.C.-576 A.D. (From A. Castiglioni, A History of Medicine, 2d ed; from F. H. Garrison, An Introduction to the History of Medicine, 4th ed)


The sounds produced by humans by the passage of air through the LARYNX and over the VOCAL CORDS, and then modified by the resonance organs, the NASOPHARYNX, and the MOUTH.


Adipocere
Algor Mortis
Livor Mortis
Postmortem Changes
Cruor

Physiological changes that occur in bodies after death.


A drive stemming from a physiological need for WATER.


A surgical operation for head and neck malignancies, most of which are squamous cell carcinomas. The neck is opened laterally, the majority of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is removed, as are the regional cervical lymph nodes, the jugular vein, the spinal accessory nerve, the submaxillary gland and most of the parotid gland. There are several modifications. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992, p605)


A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.


Preliminary administration of a drug preceding a diagnostic, therapeutic, or surgical procedure. The commonest types of premedication are antibiotics (ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS) and anti-anxiety agents. It does not include PREANESTHETIC MEDICATION.


The sorting out and classification of patients or casualties to determine priority of need and proper place of treatment.


The discipline concerned with using the combination of conventional allopathic medicine and ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE to address the biological, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects of health and illness.


Conservative contouring of the alveolar process, in preparation for immediate or future denture construction. (Dorland, 28th ed)


Triiodobenzoic Acid
Triiodobenzoic Acids

Triiodo-substituted derivatives of BENZOIC ACID.


Cells, usually bacteria or yeast, which have partially lost their cell wall, lost their characteristic shape and become round.


Eastern Orthodox Ethics
Armenian Orthodoxy
Serbian Orthodoxy
Eastern Orthodoxy
Greek Orthodoxy
Russian Orthodoxy
Syrian Orthodoxy

The name given to the religion of the body of modern churches, including among others the Greek and Russian Orthodox, that is derived from the church of the Byzantine Empire, adheres to the Byzantine rite, and acknowledges the honorary primacy of the patriarch of Constantinople. (from American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th ed)


Areas of shelter and protection for people who leave their own country or habitual residence to escape danger, persecution, or disaster.


A type of pregnancy in which the EMBRYO IMPLANTATION occurs in the horn of the UTERUS instead of in the uterine cavity, i.e. at the junction of the uterus and one of the FALLOPIAN TUBES.


The second stomach of ruminants. It lies almost in the midline in the front of the abdomen, in contact with the liver and diaphragm and communicates freely with the RUMEN via the ruminoreticular orifice. The lining of the reticulum is raised into folds forming a honeycomb pattern over the surface. (From Concise Veterinary Dictionary, 1988)


A mutation in which a codon is mutated to one directing the incorporation of a different amino acid. This substitution may result in an inactive or unstable product. (From A Dictionary of Genetics, King & Stansfield, 5th ed)


Chlorphentermine Hydrochloride
Avipron
Desopimon
Chlorphentermine
Pre-Sate

A sympathomimetic agent that was formerly used as an anorectic. It has properties similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been implicated in lipid storage disorders and pulmonary hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1223)


MafG is a ubiquitously expressed small maf protein that is involved in CELL DIFFERENTIATION of ERYTHROCYTES. It dimerizes with P45 NF-E2 PROTEIN and activates expression of ALPHA-GLOBIN and BETA-GLOBIN.


The process of reuniting or replacing broken or worn parts of a denture.


Unstable isotopes of indium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. In atoms with atomic weights 106-112, 113m, 114, and 116-124 are radioactive indium isotopes.


A fetal blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery with the descending aorta.


Biologically active molecules which are covalently bound to the enzymes or binding proteins normally acting on them. Binding occurs due to activation of the label by ultraviolet light. These labels are used primarily to identify binding sites on proteins.


A family of gram-positive, saprophytic bacteria occurring in soil and aquatic environments.


A type of ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE that enable COMPUTERS to independently initiate and execute LEARNING when exposed to new data.


A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties.


Trimecaine
Mesocaine
Trimecaine Monohydrochloride

Acetanilide derivative used as a local anesthetic.


Methods and techniques used to genetically modify cells' biosynthetic product output and develop conditions for growing the cells as BIOREACTORS.


A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped or pleomorphic bacteria which are halotolerant. Members of this genus are capable of growth in sodium chloride concentrations of up to 20% or more. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)


A species of BORDETELLA isolated from the respiratory tracts of TURKEYS and other BIRDS. It causes a highly contagious bordetellosis.


A genus of gram-negative, straight or curved rods which are motile by means of a single, polar flagellum. Members of this genus are found in coastal waters and the open ocean. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)


Endowments
Financial Activities
Financial Management
Funds

The obtaining and management of funds for institutional needs and responsibility for fiscal affairs.


A highly toxic saponin occurring in HOLOTHUROIDEA. This marine toxin is an anionic surfactant, hemolyzing ERYTHROCYTES.


Fibrous cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE that attach bones to each other and hold together the many types of joints in the body. Articular ligaments are strong, elastic, and allow movement in only specific directions, depending on the individual joint.


Mammalian pigment cells that produce MELANINS, pigments found mainly in the EPIDERMIS, but also in the eyes and the hair, by a process called melanogenesis. Coloration can be altered by the number of melanocytes or the amount of pigment produced and stored in the organelles called MELANOSOMES. The large non-mammalian melanin-containing cells are called MELANOPHORES.


A family of intracellular calcium-sensing proteins found predominately in NEURONS and PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS. They contain EF HAND MOTIFS and undergo conformational changes upon calcium-binding. Neuronal calcium-sensor proteins interact with other regulatory proteins to mediate physiological responses to a change in intracellular calcium concentration.


Vertical-Banded Gastroplasty
Collis Gastroplasty
Gastroplasty

Surgical procedures involving the STOMACH and sometimes the lower ESOPHAGUS to correct anatomical defects, or to treat MORBID OBESITY by reducing the size of the stomach. There are several subtypes of bariatric gastroplasty, such as vertical banded gastroplasty, silicone ring vertical gastroplasty, and horizontal banded gastroplasty.


Nuclear reaction in which the nucleus of a heavy atom such as uranium or plutonium is split into two approximately equal parts by a neutron, charged particle, or photon.


A genus of fungi in the family Entomophthoraceae, order Entomorphthorales. They are primarily parasites of insects and spiders, but have been found to cause mycotic infections of the nose in man and horses.


Predonine Predate Di-Adreson-F Prednisolone

A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.


A frozen dairy food made from cream or butterfat, milk, sugar, and flavorings. Frozen custard and French-type ice creams also contain eggs.


Pinched-off nerve endings and their contents of vesicles and cytoplasm together with the attached subsynaptic area of the membrane of the post-synaptic cell. They are largely artificial structures produced by fractionation after selective centrifugation of nervous tissue homogenates.


Diets which become fashionable, but which are not necessarily nutritious.(Lehninger 1982, page 484)


Riboprinting Ribotyping Ribotype Riboprint

A highly specific RIBOTYPING technique used in the analysis of RFLP patterns of rRNA genes to differentiate between organisms at the subspecies level.


The presence of fungi circulating in the blood. Opportunistic fungal sepsis is seen most often in immunosuppressed patients with severe neutropenia or in postoperative patients with intravenous catheters and usually follows prolonged antibiotic therapy.


Benign tumors of fatty tissues found in infancy and childhood. It is associated chromosomal aberrations that result in activation of an oncogene on chromosome band 8q12.


Water-related Diseases
Waterborne Diseases

Illnesses due to micro-organisms and chemicals in drinking water, those caused by organisms having part of their lifecycle in water or those with water-related vectors, and others spread by aerosols containing pathogens.


A mitosporic Leotiales fungal genus of plant pathogens. It has teleomorphs in the genus Botryotina.


Property, such as patents, trademarks, and copyright, that results from creative effort. The Patent and Copyright Clause (Art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 8) of the United States Constitution provides for promoting the progress of science and useful arts by securing for limited times to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries. (From Black's Law Dictionary, 5th ed, p1014)


The most common of the microsatellite tandem repeats (MICROSATELLITE REPEATS) dispersed in the euchromatic arms of chromosomes. They consist of two nucleotides repeated in tandem; guanine and thymine, (GT)n, is the most frequently seen.


Organic compounds which contain mercury as an integral part of the molecule.


The family Cervidae of 17 genera and 45 species occurring nearly throughout North America, South America, and Eurasia, on most associated continental islands, and in northern Africa. Wild populations of deer have been established through introduction by people in Cuba, New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, and other places where the family does not naturally occur. They are slim, long-legged and best characterized by the presence of antlers. Their habitat is forests, swamps, brush country, deserts, and arctic tundra. They are usually good swimmers; some migrate seasonally. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1362)


A plant genus of the family TILIACEAE. The common name of burweed is also used for AMSINCKIA. Triumfetta semitriloba is considered a noxious weed.


Mistakes committed in the preparations for radiotherapy, including errors in positioning of patients, alignment radiation beams, or calculation of radiation doses.


Physicians who specialize in treating disorders of the skin.


Amphotericin B Cholesterol Dispersion
Amphotericin
Amphotericin B Colloidal Dispersion
Amphocil
Fungizone
Amphotericin B

Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.


Organ Survival
Tissue Viability
Tissue Survival
Organ Viability

The span of viability of a tissue or an organ.


Seven-carbon cycloparaffin cycloheptane (the structural formula (CH2)7) and its derivatives.


Endoscopes used for examining the interior of the stomach.


A subclass of EXOPEPTIDASES that act on the free N terminus end of a polypeptide liberating a single amino acid residue. EC 3.4.11.


A tough, malleable, iron-based alloy containing up to, but no more than, two percent carbon and often other metals. It is used in medicine and dentistry in implants and instrumentation.


Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection by any virus from the family HERPESVIRIDAE.


The part of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) that is concerned with hearing. It forms the anterior part of the labyrinth, as a snail-like structure that is situated almost horizontally anterior to the VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH.


A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in SOIL and WATER. Its organisms are also found in raw meats, MILK and other FOOD, hospital environments, and human clinical specimens. Some species are pathogenic in humans.


A malignant neoplasm arising simultaneously or consecutively in mesodermal tissue and glandular epithelium of the same part. (Stedman, 25th ed)


Left bronchial arteries arise from the thoracic aorta, the right from the first aortic intercostal or the upper left bronchial artery; they supply the bronchi and the lower trachea.


An abnormal passage communicating between any component of the respiratory tract or between any part of the respiratory system and surrounding organs.


Benign granulomatous disease of unknown etiology characterized by a ring of localized or disseminated papules or nodules on the skin and palisading histiocytes surrounding necrobiotic tissue resulting from altered collagen structures.


Facility Design and Construction
Facility Construction
Facility Design

Architecture, exterior and interior design, and construction of facilities other than hospitals, e.g., dental schools, medical schools, ambulatory care clinics, and specified units of health care facilities. The concept also includes architecture, design, and construction of specialized contained, controlled, or closed research environments including those of space labs and stations.


A genus of FUNGI in the family Glugeidae, parasitic on FISHES. The PARASITES cause the formation of large cysts causing hypertrophy.


Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.


A measurement of all the metabolites of a sample of cells or tissue.


The process of TOOTH formation. It is divided into several stages including: the dental lamina stage, the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage. Odontogenesis includes the production of tooth enamel (AMELOGENESIS), dentin (DENTINOGENESIS), and dental cementum (CEMENTOGENESIS).


Castela Picrolemma Harrisonia Simaroubaceae Simaba

A genus of SIMAROUBACEAE. Members contain QUASSINOIDS.


A focal malformation resembling a neoplasm, composed of an overgrowth of mature cells and tissues that normally occur in the affected area.


An acute tick-borne arbovirus infection causing meningoencephalomyelitis of sheep.


A transient reddening of the face that may be due to fever, certain drugs, exertion, or stress.


Polymers of organic acids and alcohols, with ester linkages--usually polyethylene terephthalate; can be cured into hard plastic, films or tapes, or fibers which can be woven into fabrics, meshes or velours.


Daraprim Chloridin Pyrimethamine Malocide Tindurine

One of the FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS that is used as an antimalarial or with a sulfonamide to treat toxoplasmosis.


Nitrate reduction process generally mediated by anaerobic bacteria by which nitrogen available to plants is converted to a gaseous form and lost from the soil or water column. It is a part of the nitrogen cycle.


A traditional term for all the activities which a physician or other health care professional normally performs to insure the coordination of the medical services required by a patient. It also, when used in connection with managed care, covers all the activities of evaluating the patient, planning treatment, referral, and follow-up so that care is continuous and comprehensive and payment for the care is obtained. (From Slee & Slee, Health Care Terms, 2nd ed)


Food, Dried
Food, Canned
Food, Preserved

Food that has been prepared and stored in a way to prevent spoilage.


Normal nystagmus produced by looking at objects moving across the field of vision.


Fusion of somatic cells in vitro or in vivo, which results in somatic cell hybridization.


Tumor or cancer of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI.


Proteins found within the THYLAKOID MEMBRANES of photosynthetic organisms such as PLANTS and PHYTOPLANKTON. Many of the proteins in this class are involved in the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS and the generation of ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE.


Termination of all transmission of infection by global extermination of the infectious agent through surveillance and containment (From Porta, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 5th ed).


Cortical vigilance or readiness of tone, presumed to be in response to sensory stimulation via the reticular activating system.


INFLAMMATION, acute or chronic, of the ESOPHAGUS caused by BACTERIA, chemicals, or TRAUMA.


Facilities designed to serve patients who require surgical treatment exceeding the capabilities of usual physician's office yet not of such proportion as to require hospitalization.


Rabbit Aorta Contracting Substance
Thromboxane A2

An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).


New abnormal growth of tissue in the ABDOMEN.


A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.


A contagious cutaneous inflammation caused by the bite of the mite SARCOPTES SCABIEI. It is characterized by pruritic papular eruptions and burrows and affects primarily the axillae, elbows, wrists, and genitalia, although it can spread to cover the entire body.


A phylum of gram-negative bacteria consisting of cells bounded by a plasma membrane. Its organisms differ from other bacteria in that they are devoid of cell walls. This phylum was formerly the class Mollicutes. Mollicutes is now the sole class in the phylum Tenericutes.


Qualified medical professionals specializing in medical and surgical treatment of defects and diseases of the eye.


The measure of that part of the heat or energy of a system which is not available to perform work. Entropy increases in all natural (spontaneous and irreversible) processes. (From Dorland, 28th ed)


Sensitive method for detection of bacterial endotoxins and endotoxin-like substances that depends on the in vitro gelation of Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL), prepared from the circulating blood (amebocytes) of the horseshoe crab, by the endotoxin or related compound. Used for detection of endotoxin in body fluids and parenteral pharmaceuticals.


A process of complicated morphogenetic cell movements that reorganizes a bilayer embryo into one with three GERM LAYERS and specific orientation (dorsal/ventral; anterior/posterior). Gastrulation describes the germ layer development of a non-mammalian BLASTULA or that of a mammalian BLASTOCYST.


A group of three related eukaryotic phyla whose members possess an alveolar membrane system, consisting of flattened membrane-bound sacs lying beneath the outer cell membrane.


A genus of marine mussels in the family MYTILIDAE, class BIVALVIA. The species MYTILUS EDULIS is the highly edible common mussel.


The decline in the function of the IMMUNE SYSTEM during aging.


Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.


Non-profit organizations concerned with various aspects of health, e.g., education, promotion, treatment, services, etc.


Use or insertion of a tubular device into a duct, blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity for injecting or withdrawing fluids for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It differs from INTUBATION in that the tube here is used to restore or maintain patency in obstructions.


The part of the personality structure which harbors the unconscious instinctive desires and strivings of the individual.


The type species in the genus RALSTONIA. It is often found in the hospital ward as a contaminant of antiseptic and disinfectant solutions.


A creeping annual plant species of the CUCURBITACEAE family. It has a rough succulent, trailing stem and hairy leaves with three to five pointed lobes.


The function of directing or controlling the actions or attitudes of an individual or group with more or less willing acquiescence of the followers.


Two individuals derived from two FETUSES that were fertilized at or about the same time, developed in the UTERUS simultaneously, and born to the same mother. Twins are either monozygotic (TWINS, MONOZYGOTIC) or dizygotic (TWINS, DIZYGOTIC).


Maternal Serum Screening Tests
Maternal Serum Triple Test

Screening for ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN; HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN; and unconjugated ESTRIOL in a pregnant woman's sera.


A five-carbon sugar alcohol derived from XYLOSE by reduction of the carbonyl group. It is as sweet as sucrose and used as a noncariogenic sweetener.


Brain waves characterized by a relatively high voltage or amplitude and a frequency of 8-13 Hz. They constitute the majority of waves recorded by EEG registering the activity of the parietal and occipital lobes when the individual is awake, but relaxed with the eyes closed.


The liquid components of milk that remain after the CASEIN, fat, and fat soluble components have been removed. It is also a byproduct of cheese production.


Bodies preserved either by the ancient Egyptian technique or due to chance under favorable climatic conditions.


A family of bisegmented, double-stranded RNA viruses causing infection in fish, mollusks, fowl, and Drosophila. There are three genera: AQUABIRNAVIRUS; AVIBIRNAVIRUS; and ENTOMOBIRNAVIRUS. Horizontal and vertical transmission occurs for all viruses.


Oligoribonucleotide Probes
Oligodeoxyribonucleotide Probes
Oligonucleotide Probes

Synthetic or natural oligonucleotides used in hybridization studies in order to identify and study specific nucleic acid fragments, e.g., DNA segments near or within a specific gene locus or gene. The probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin.


Communication services provided by a person or a machine to record and relay the message from the caller.


A sudden loss of pressure in a pressurized cabin, cockpit, or the like, so rapid as to be explosive. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)


A plant family of the subclass ALISMATIDAE, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons) of aquatic plants. The flower parts are in threes with 3 green sepals and 3 white or yellow petals.


Measurement of the ability to hear speech under various conditions of intensity and noise interference using sound-field as well as earphones and bone oscillators.


Community engagement, facility management, and organization, access to care that is timely and affordable; the availability of effective services, and high-quality primary health care. (World Health Organization)


Pesticides or their breakdown products remaining in the environment following their normal use or accidental contamination.


Methoxybenzoates
Ethoxybenzoates
Hydroxybenzoate Ethers

Benzoate derivatives that contain one or more alkyl or aryl groups linked to the benzene ring structure by OXYGEN.


Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.


A continuous protein fiber consisting primarily of FIBROINS. It is synthesized by a variety of INSECTS and ARACHNIDS.


Nitro-phenanthrenes occurring in ARISTOLOCHIACEAE and other plants. They derive from stephanine (APORPHINES) by oxidative ring cleavage. The nitro group is a reactive alkylator (ALKYLATING AGENTS) that binds to biological macromolecules. Ingestion by humans is associated with nephropathy (NEPHRITIS). There is no relationship to the similar named aristolochene (SESQUITERPENES).


A genus of obligately anaerobic ARCHAEA, in the family THERMOPROTEACEAE. They are found in acidic hot springs and water holes.


A membrane, attached to the bony SPIRAL LAMINA, overlying and coupling with the hair cells of the ORGAN OF CORTI in the inner ear. It is a glycoprotein-rich keratin-like layer containing fibrils embedded in a dense amorphous substance.


A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.


Works about or subject matter related to reference works on the Greco-Roman world.


DEFENSINS found mainly in epithelial cells.


Parasite Control
Communicable Disease Control

Programs of surveillance designed to prevent the transmission of disease by any means from person to person or from animal to man.


A plant genus of the family ARACEAE. Calla Lily (Callalily) also refers to the ZANTEDESCHIA. There is no relationship with CALLA ANTIGEN.


A plant genus of the family MALVACEAE, order Malvales, subclass Dilleniida. The common name of 'Mallow' may sometimes get confused with other plants.


Cognitive mechanism based on expectations or beliefs about one's ability to perform actions necessary to produce a given effect. It is also a theoretical component of behavior change in various therapeutic treatments. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)


A four-carbon sugar that is found in algae, fungi, and lichens. It is twice as sweet as sucrose and can be used as a coronary vasodilator.


The condition of where images are correctly brought to a focus on the retina.


Organized efforts to insure obedience to the laws of a community.


Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.


A species of bacteria in the family SPIROCHAETACEAE, frequently isolated from periodontal pockets (PERIODONTAL POCKET).


A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.


Infection of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS with species of MYCOBACTERIUM, most often MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.


The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.


A family of gram-positive bacteria in the order BACILLALES. Most are strict aerobic heterotrophs.


Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.


Enlargement of the THYROID GLAND that may increase from about 20 grams to hundreds of grams in human adults. Goiter is observed in individuals with normal thyroid function (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency (HYPOTHYROIDISM), or hormone overproduction (HYPERTHYROIDISM). Goiter may be congenital or acquired, sporadic or endemic (GOITER, ENDEMIC).


A non-steroidal anti-fertility agent with anti-hormonal properties.


Oral contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to synthetic preparations.


The legal relation between an entity (individual, group, corporation, or-profit, secular, government) and an object. The object may be corporeal, such as equipment, or completely a creature of law, such as a patent; it may be movable, such as an animal, or immovable, such as a building.


Sudden slips on a geological fault, and the resulting ground shaking and radiated seismic energy caused by the slips, or by volcanic or magmatic activity, or other sudden stress changes in the earth. Faults are fractures along which the blocks of EARTH crust on either side have moved relative to one another parallel to the fracture.


Also known as articulations, these are points of connection between the ends of certain separate bones, or where the borders of other bones are juxtaposed.


Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.


Ventriculostomy
Ventriculocisternostomy
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy

Surgical creation of an opening in a cerebral ventricle.


Conditions in which increased pressure within a limited space compromises the BLOOD CIRCULATION and function of tissue within that space. Some of the causes of increased pressure are TRAUMA, tight dressings, HEMORRHAGE, and exercise. Sequelae include nerve compression (NERVE COMPRESSION SYNDROMES); PARALYSIS; and ISCHEMIC CONTRACTURE.


Tricyclic ethylene-bridged naphthalene derivatives. They are found in petroleum residues and coal tar and used as dye intermediates, in the manufacture of plastics, and in insecticides and fungicides.


Freedom from exposure to danger and protection from the occurrence or risk of injury or loss. It suggests optimal precautions in the workplace, on the street, in the home, etc., and includes personal safety as well as the safety of property.


Negatively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms which travel to the anode or positive pole during electrolysis.


The electronic transmission of radiological images from one location to another for the purposes of interpretation and/or consultation. Users in different locations may simultaneously view images with greater access to secondary consultations and improved continuing education. (From American College of Radiology, ACR Standard for Teleradiology, 1994, p3)


The excision of in-frame internal protein sequences (INTEINS) of a precursor protein, coupled with ligation of the flanking sequences (EXTEINS). Protein splicing is an autocatalytic reaction and results in the production of two proteins from a single primary translation product: the intein and the mature protein.


A superorder of flowering plants (Angiosperms) which includes monocotyledonous plants.


Infection of cattle and other herbivores with the giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna. It is characterized by extensive destruction of the liver parenchyma.


The rotational force about an axis that is equal to the product of a force times the distance from the axis where the force is applied.


A genus of ADENOVIRIDAE that infects MAMMALS including humans and causes a wide range of diseases. The type species is Human adenovirus C (see ADENOVIRUSES, HUMAN).


Measurement of the OSMOLARITY of solutions or BODY FLUIDS.


A MACHINE LEARNING paradigm used to make predictions about future instances based on a given set of unlabeled paired input-output training (sample) data.


A genus of endospore-forming bacteria in the family Planococcaceae. The species are strict or facultative anerobes.


Calcium Gluconate
Calciofon
Ebucin
Flopak Plain
Glucal
Calcivitol
Glucobiogen
CBG
Gluconate de Calcium Lavoisier
Calglucon
Gluconato Calc Fresenius
Calcipot
Calcium Braun

The calcium salt of gluconic acid. The compound has a variety of uses, including its use as a calcium replenisher in hypocalcemic states.


Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced
Acoustic Trauma

Usually refer to hearing loss due to a single noise event such as an explosion or shotgun blast.


Penetrating wounds caused by a pointed object.


Infection with nematodes of the genus STRONGYLOIDES. The presence of larvae may produce pneumonitis and the presence of adult worms in the intestine could lead to moderate to severe diarrhea.


Soft Technology
Culturally Appropriate Technology
Intermediate Technology

A SCIENCE or TECHNOLOGY that promotes self-sufficiency and is suitable to the cultural, environmental, economic and social conditions of the geographic area in which it is applied.


The process by which a tissue or aggregate of cells is kept alive outside of the organism from which it was derived (i.e., kept from decay by means of a chemical agent, cooling, or a fluid substitute that mimics the natural state within the organism).


The interaction of two or more persons or organizations directed toward a common goal which is mutually beneficial. An act or instance of working or acting together for a common purpose or benefit, i.e., joint action. (From Random House Dictionary Unabridged, 2d ed)


A benzene-sulfonamide-furan. It is used as a diuretic that affects the concentrating ability of the KIDNEY, increases SODIUM CHLORIDE excretion, but may not spare POTASSIUM. It inhibits CARBONIC ANHYDRASES and may increase the blood URIC ACID level.


Organic chemicals which have two amino groups in an aliphatic chain.


A genus of gram-negative, curved and spiral-shaped bacteria found in stagnant, freshwater environments. These organisms are motile by bipolar tufts of flagella having a long wavelength and about one helical turn. Some species of Spirillum cause a form of RAT-BITE FEVER.


A masticatory muscle whose action is closing the jaws.


A ubiquitous, cytoplasmic protein found in mature OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS of all VERTEBRATES. It is a modulator of the olfactory SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAY.


Sacrococcygeal Region
Sacral Region
Coccygeal Region

The body region between (and flanking) the SACRUM and COCCYX.


A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.


Placenta Growth Factor, PLGF-4 Isoform
Placenta Growth Factor, PLGF-1 Isoform
Placenta Growth Factor, PLGF-2 Isoform
Placenta Growth Factor
Placenta Growth Factor, PLGF-3 Isoform

An angiogenic protein belonging to the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor family of growth factors originally isolated and cloned from human placental cDNA library. There are four isoforms of PLGF 1-4 which result from alternative splicing. Placenta Growth Factor is secreted as a glycosylated homodimer which acts as a mitogen for endothelial cells, and its expression is markedly upregulated during hypoxia and in tissue inflammation and cancer.


The death of a live-born INFANT less than 28 days of age.


The process of keeping pharmaceutical products in an appropriate location.


Drugs or chemical agents whose manufacture, possession, or use are regulated by government. This may include narcotics and prescription medications.


Any normal or abnormal coloring matter in PLANTS; ANIMALS or micro-organisms.


Substituted thioglucosides. They are found in rapeseed (Brassica campestris) products and related cruciferae. They are metabolized to a variety of toxic products which are most likely the cause of hepatocytic necrosis in animals and humans.


A species of fresh-water, flagellated EUKARYOTES in the phylum EUGLENIDA.


A genus of gram-negative, straight or slightly curved rods which are motile by polar flagella and which accumulate poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate within the cells.


Layer of GRAY MATTER in the HYPOTHALAMUS that also forms part of the floor of the THIRD VENTRICLE and merges anteriorly into the infundibulum (see PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).


A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria in the genus PSEUDOMONAS. It has a characteristic strawberry color and is widely distributed in SOIL and WATER.


Quartz (SiO2). A glassy or crystalline form of silicon dioxide. Many colored varieties are semiprecious stones. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)


Works about a systematic statement of policy rules or principles. Guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by convening expert panels. For guidelines in the field of health care and clinical medicine, PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC is available.


Significant alterations in temperature of the human body, above or below 98.6 degrees F. or 37 degrees C. when taken orally.


A written agreement for the transfer of patients and their medical records from one health care institution to another.


Toxic substances isolated from various strains of Streptomyces. They are 20-membered macrolides that inhibit oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial ATPases. Venturicidins A and B are glycosides. Used mainly as tools in the study of mitochondrial function.


A group of compounds that are monomethyl derivatives of pyridines. (From Dorland, 28th ed)


A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus PSEUDOMONAS. It cannot utilize FRUCTOSE; GLUCOSE; or MALTOSE for energy.


The field of information science concerned with the analysis and dissemination of data through the application of computers applied to the field of nursing.


A ribonucleoside antibiotic synergist and adenosine deaminase inhibitor isolated from Nocardia interforma and Streptomyces kaniharaensis. It is proposed as an antineoplastic synergist and immunosuppressant.


A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)


3-Acetyl-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-pyrrolin-2-one. A metabolite found in a strain of the fungus Alternaria tenuis Auct. which functions as an antibiotic with antiviral and antineoplastic properties, and may also act as a mycotoxin.


A genus of the family CALICIVIRIDAE, associated with infections in rabbits and hares, responsible for epidemics with high mortality. RABBIT HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE VIRUS is the type species.


Chemical reaction in which monomeric components are combined to form POLYMERS (e.g., POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE).


A birth defect due to malformation of the URETHRA in which the urethral opening is below its normal location. In the male, the malformed urethra generally opens on the ventral surface of the PENIS or on the PERINEUM. In the female, the malformed urethral opening is in the VAGINA.


A technique of operations research for solving certain kinds of problems involving many variables where a best value or set of best values is to be found. It is most likely to be feasible when the quantity to be optimized, sometimes called the objective function, can be stated as a mathematical expression in terms of the various activities within the system, and when this expression is simply proportional to the measure of the activities, i.e., is linear, and when all the restrictions are also linear. It is different from computer programming, although problems using linear programming techniques may be programmed on a computer.


The dried seeds, bark, root, stems, buds, leaves, or fruit of aromatic plants used to season food.


Phenomenon in which organisms are subjected to radiation.


A phylum of gram-negative bacteria closely related to the BACTEROIDETES. Species have been found in the gastrointestinal tracts of animals, especially termites, though indications are that species are more broadly distributed in other environments.


An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.


A reaction that severs one of the sugar-phosphate linkages of the phosphodiester backbone of RNA. It is catalyzed enzymatically, chemically, or by radiation. Cleavage may be exonucleolytic, or endonucleolytic.


Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is regulated by OXYGEN availability and is targeted for degradation by VHL TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN.


Premenstrual Tension
Premenstrual Syndrome

A term used to describe the psychological aspects of PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME, such as the "indescribable tension", depression, hostility, and increased seizure activity in women with seizure disorder.


A genus of blind, subterranean MOLE RATS, in the subfamily Spalacidae, family MURIDAE, used as a animal model in neurophysiology. There are at least five different species described, all found in the Ukraine.


Substances made up of an aggregation of small particles, as that obtained by grinding or trituration of a solid drug. In pharmacy it is a form in which substances are administered. (From Dorland, 28th ed)


A genus of gliding bacteria that are common inhabitants on tree bark and decomposing vegetation. The cells are slender rods with tapering ends.


The phenomenon whereby certain chemical compounds have structures that are different although the compounds possess the same elemental composition. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)


That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.


Chemicals with two conjoined aromatic rings incorporating two nitrogen atoms and one of the carbons oxidized with a keto oxygen.


Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of HEAVY METALS. Acute and chronic exposures can cause ANEMIA; KIDNEY and LIVER damage; PULMONARY EDEMA; MEMORY LOSS and behavioral changes; bone deformities in children; and MISCARRIAGE or PREMATURE LABOR in pregnant women.


A condition of the mucous membrane characterized by erythematous papular lesions.


Nontoxic laxative vermicide effective for taenia infestation. It tends to produce colic and nausea. It is also used as a veterinary fungicide, anthelmintic, and antiprotozoan. (From Merck, 11th ed.)


Etazolate Hydrochloride
SQ-20009
Etazolate

A potent phosphodiesterase inhibitor proposed as an antipsychotic agent.


A critical disease progression, often measured by a set of clinical parameters, which activates HOSPITAL RAPID RESPONSE TEAM.


Intervention that relies on free expression of emotions with coaching to enhance awareness of emotional experiences.


An order of CRENARCHAEOTA comprised of rod, disc, or spherical shaped, nonseptate, anaerobic, extreme thermophiles and found in solfataric hot waters, mud holes, and superheated submarine environments.


Disorders caused by external forces rather than by physiologic dysfunction or by pathogens.


A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain pulicanadienes and other cytotoxic SESQUITERPENES.


The restriction of the MOVEMENT of whole or part of the body by physical means (RESTRAINT, PHYSICAL) or chemically by ANALGESIA, or the use of TRANQUILIZING AGENTS or NEUROMUSCULAR NONDEPOLARIZING AGENTS. It includes experimental protocols used to evaluate the physiologic effects of immobility.


Protein Translocation Systems
Protein Secretion Systems

Multiprotein complexes that carry out protein SECRETION PROCESSES.


A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.


Rupture of bacterial cells due to mechanical force, chemical action, or the lytic growth of BACTERIOPHAGES.


Projective tests utilizing ink blots to which a subject responds. They are used in personality diagnosis.


Partial or total replacement of all layers of a central portion of the cornea.


Continuous recording of the carbon dioxide content of expired air.


Viscous, nauseating oil obtained from the shrub Croton tiglium (Euphorbaceae). It is a vesicant and skin irritant used as pharmacologic standard for skin inflammation and allergy and causes skin cancer. It was formerly used as an emetic and cathartic with frequent mortality.


Acyclic acids that contain two carboxyl groups and have the formula HO2C-R-CO2H, where R may be an aromatic or aliphatic group.


Synergistically-interacting health conditions producing excess disease occurrence in a population.


A short vein that collects about two thirds of the venous blood from the MYOCARDIUM and drains into the RIGHT ATRIUM. Coronary sinus, normally located between the LEFT ATRIUM and LEFT VENTRICLE on the posterior surface of the heart, can serve as an anatomical reference for cardiac procedures.


Risky Health Behavior
Health Risk Behaviors

Pattern of behavior which predisposes certain individuals to increased risk for contracting disease or sustaining personal injury. These behaviors may cluster into a risky lifestyle.


A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria whose organisms arrange singly, in pairs, or short chains. This genus is commonly found in the intestinal tract and is an opportunistic pathogen that can give rise to bacteremia, pneumonia, urinary tract and several other types of human infection.


A spectrum of congenital, inherited, or acquired abnormalities in BLOOD VESSELS that can adversely affect the normal blood flow in ARTERIES or VEINS. Most are congenital defects such as abnormal communications between blood vessels (fistula), shunting of arterial blood directly into veins bypassing the CAPILLARIES (arteriovenous malformations), formation of large dilated blood blood-filled vessels (cavernous angioma), and swollen capillaries (capillary telangiectases). In rare cases, vascular malformations can result from trauma or diseases.


The occupation concerned with the cutting and dressing of the hair of customers and, of men, the shaving and trimming of the beard and mustache. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)


In Chinese philosophy and religion, two principles, one negative, dark, and feminine (yin) and one positive, bright, and masculine (yang), from whose interaction all things are produced and all things are dissolved. As a concept the two polar elements referred originally to the shady and sunny sides of a valley or a hill but it developed into the relationship of any contrasting pair: those specified above (female-male, etc.) as well as cold-hot, wet-dry, weak-strong, etc. It is not a distinct system of thought by itself but permeates Chinese life and thought. A balance of yin and yang is essential to health. A deficiency of either principle can manifest as disease. (Encyclopedia Americana)


The simplest two carbon alkyne with the formula HCCH.


A process of separating particulate matter from a fluid, such as air or a liquid, by passing the fluid carrier through a medium that will not pass the particulates. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)


Persons who have committed a crime but have not yet been convicted of the offense.


A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Members contain TRITERPENES.


A tumor-like mass resulting from the enlargement of a tuberculous lesion.


A superorder of insects within the NEOPTERA that go through metamorphosis from egg to larva, pupa, and adult stages. Orders of MOSQUITOES; BEES; BUTTERFLIES; and FLEAS belong to this group.


A medical specialty concerned with the study of the structures, functions, and diseases of the nervous system.


A condition characterized by the presence of rudimentary THYROID tissue at the base of the TONGUE. It is due to failed embryonic development and migration of thyroid tissue to its normal location. The lingual thyroid usually cannot maintain adequate hormone production thereby resulting in HYPOTHYROIDISM.


An adverse drug interaction characterized by altered mental status, autonomic dysfunction, and neuromuscular abnormalities. It is most frequently caused by use of both serotonin reuptake inhibitors and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, leading to excess serotonin availability in the CNS at the serotonin 1A receptor.


Language Barriers
Communication Barriers

Those factors, such as language or sociocultural relationships, which interfere in the meaningful interpretation and transmission of ideas between individuals or groups.


Behaviors which are at variance with the expected social norm and which affect other individuals.


A genus of STARFISH in the family Asteriidae. One species, Asterias rubens, is the most common in the north-east Atlantic region.


A thin fold of MUCOUS MEMBRANE situated at the orifice of the vagina.


An abnormal anatomical passage connecting the RECTUM to the outside, with an orifice at the site of drainage.


Organic compounds which contain selenium as an integral part of the molecule.


A species of parasitic nematodes distributed throughout the Pacific islands that infests the lungs of domestic rats. Human infection, caused by consumption of raw slugs and land snails, results in eosinophilic meningitis.


Organometallic compounds which contain tin and three alkyl groups.


A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Members contain resins (RESINS, PLANT) and GLUCANS.


A species of gram-negative bacteria producing mild to severe ANAPLASMOSIS in SHEEP and GOATS, and mild or inapparent infections in DEER and CATTLE.


The fundamental tenet of modern medicine that certain diseases are caused by microorganisms. It was confirmed by the work of Pasteur, Lister, and Koch.


An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.


The maximum stress a material subjected to a stretching load can withstand without tearing. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed, p2001)


The period in the ESTROUS CYCLE associated with maximum sexual receptivity and fertility in non-primate female mammals.


Absorptive cells in the lining of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA. They are differentiated EPITHELIAL CELLS with apical MICROVILLI facing the intestinal lumen. Enterocytes are more abundant in the SMALL INTESTINE than in the LARGE INTESTINE. Their microvilli greatly increase the luminal surface area of the cell by 14- to 40 fold.


A genus of PROCHLOROPHYTES occurring in unbranched chains of indefinite length and containing both chlorophylls a and b.


A phenomenon in which infection by a first virus results in resistance of cells or tissues to infection by a second, unrelated virus.


A condition in which the ocular image of an object as seen by one eye differs in size and shape from that seen by the other.


Substituted derivatives of hydrazine (formula H2N-NH2).


Malformations of CORONARY VESSELS, either arteries or veins. Included are anomalous origins of coronary arteries; ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; CORONARY ANEURYSM; MYOCARDIAL BRIDGING; and others.


An oily liquid extracted from the seeds of the safflower, Carthamus tinctorius. It is used as a dietary supplement in the management of HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. It is used also in cooking, as a salad oil, and as a vehicle for medicines, paints, varnishes, etc. (Dorland, 28th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)


Exudate from seeds of the grape plant Vitis vinifera, composed of oils and secondary plant metabolites (BIOFLAVONOIDS and polyphenols) credited with important medicinal properties.


An inactive metabolite of PROGESTERONE by reduction at C5, C3, and C20 position. Pregnanediol has two hydroxyl groups, at 3-alpha and 20-alpha. It is detectable in URINE after OVULATION and is found in great quantities in the pregnancy urine.


A genus of OOMYCETES in the family Saprolegniaceae. They are pathogens of FISHES and INSECTS.


A group of methylazirinopyrroloindolediones obtained from certain Streptomyces strains. They are very toxic antibiotics used as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS in some solid tumors. PORFIROMYCIN and MITOMYCIN are the most useful members of the group.


Viral Croup
Spasmodic Croup
Croup
Postintubation Croup

Inflammation involving the GLOTTIS or VOCAL CORDS and the subglottic larynx. Croup is characterized by a barking cough, HOARSENESS, and persistent inspiratory STRIDOR (a high-pitched breathing sound). It occurs chiefly in infants and children.


Oral lesions accompanying cutaneous lichen planus or often occurring alone. The buccal mucosa, lips, gingivae, floor of the mouth, and palate are usually affected (in a descending order of frequency). Typically, oral lesions consist of radiating white or gray, velvety, threadlike lines, arranged in a reticular pattern, at the intersection of which there may be minute, white, elevated dots or streaks (Wickham's striae). (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry)


Greenville Gastric Bypass
Gastroileal Bypass
Gastric Bypass
Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Gastrojejunostomy

A small proximal gastric pouch is created by double stapling that excludes the distal STOMACH. The pouch is connected to the JEJUNUM using a roux-en-Y gastrojejunal anastomosis.


Individuals enrolled in a school or formal educational program.


Compounds that inhibit AROMATASE in order to reduce production of estrogenic steroid hormones.


The transference of a complete HAND, as a composite of many tissue types, from one individual to another.


Antifungal metabolite from several fungi, mainly Trichoderma viride; inhibits protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes; proposed as antifungal and antineoplastic; used as tool in cellular biochemistry.


A 77 amino acid secreted endogenous ligand for the angiotensin II receptor-like 1 protein (APELIN RECEPTOR) that is proteolytically cleaved into four smaller peptides: Apelin-36, Apelin-31, Apelin-28, and Apelin-13. It inhibits entry of HIV into cells that express both APJ and CD4 ANTIGEN and is highly expressed in breast milk, where it may modulate the neonatal immune response.


Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from DEATH, the physiological cessation of life and from MORTALITY, an epidemiological or statistical concept.


Examinations that evaluate and monitor hormone production in the adrenal cortex.


Abnormal increase in the interorbital distance due to overdevelopment of the lesser wings of the sphenoid.


Means or process of supplying water (as for a community) usually including reservoirs, tunnels, and pipelines and often the watershed from which the water is ultimately drawn. (Webster, 3d ed)


A form-genus of planktonic CYANOBACTERIA in the order Nostocales.


Exercise programs of relatively long duration and moderate intensity, which enhance maximal oxygen uptake, increasing PHYSICAL STAMINA.


A plant genus of the family ANNONACEAE. Members contain uvarigrin, uvarigrandin, chamuvaritin and other acetogenins and benzylisoquinoline alkaloids.


A theoretical representative nucleotide or amino acid sequence in which each nucleotide or amino acid is the one which occurs most frequently at that site in the different sequences which occur in nature. The phrase also refers to an actual sequence which approximates the theoretical consensus. A known CONSERVED SEQUENCE set is represented by a consensus sequence. Commonly observed supersecondary protein structures (AMINO ACID MOTIFS) are often formed by conserved sequences.


Quaternary salts derived from tetrazoles. They are used in tests to distinguish between reducing sugars and simple aldehydes, for detection of dehydrogenase in tissues, cells, and bacteria, for determination of corticosteroids, and in color photography. (From Mall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed, p455)


Glucose polymers consisting of a backbone of beta(1->3)-linked beta-D-glucopyranosyl units with beta(1->6) linked side chains of various lengths. They are a major component of the CELL WALL of organisms and of soluble DIETARY FIBER.


Cyclic esters of hydroxy carboxylic acids, containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure. Large cyclic lactones of over a dozen atoms are MACROLIDES.


A plant genus in the family Asparagaceae that contains ECDYSTEROIDS and is an ingredient of Siotone. The shoots are used as a vegetable and the roots are used in FOLK MEDICINE.


A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE that is a source of SCOPOLAMINE and other TROPANES.


The component of the personality associated with ethics, standards, and self-criticism - the "conscience". It is derived mainly from identification with parents and parent substitutes.


Affection; in psychiatry commonly refers to pleasure, particularly as it applies to gratifying experiences between individuals.


Estradiol Antagonists
Estrogen Antagonists

Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or action of estradiol.


Social rank-order established by certain behavioral patterns.


People who are in the labor force either working or looking for work for 27 weeks or more in a year, but whose income fall below a given poverty line.


Location where dead bodies are kept until they are buried or cremated.


The method of measuring the dispersion of an optically active molecule to determine the relative magnitude of right- or left-handed components and sometimes structural features of the molecule.


Process of restoring damaged or decayed teeth using various restorative and non-cosmetic materials so that oral health is improved.


An antimitotic agent with immunosuppressive properties.


A specialty which utilizes medical, surgical, and physical methods to treat and correct deformities, diseases, and injuries to the skeletal system, its articulations, and associated structures.


The region corresponding to the human WRIST in non-human ANIMALS.


The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.


An order of nematodes of the subclass SECERNENTEA. Its organisms are characterized by a single, ventral excretory gland and a relatively stout, short body.


A species of gram-negative bacteria functioning as a nitrogen inoculum for dry beans, especially species in the genus PHASEOLUS.


Masticatory System
Stomatognathic System

The mouth, teeth, jaws, pharynx, and related structures as they relate to mastication, deglutition, and speech.


Fibrocartilage inner core of the intervertebral disc. Prolapsed or bulged nucleus pulposus leads to INTERVERTEBRAL DISC DISPLACEMENT while proliferation of cells in the nucleus pulposus is associated with INTERVERTEBRAL DISC DEGENERATION.


A radioactive element of the actinide metals family. It has the atomic symbol Np, and atomic number 93.


Registered nurses with graduate degrees in nursing who provide care to patients of all age levels, and who focus their efforts on the health care needs of the entire family.


Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.


A form of osteogenic sarcoma of relatively low malignancy, probably arising from the periosteum and initially involving cortical bone and adjacent connective tissue. It occurs in middle-aged as well as young adults and most commonly affects the lower part of the femoral shaft. (Stedman, 25th ed)


A species of gram-positive, spherical bacteria whose organisms occur in tetrads and in irregular clusters of tetrads. The primary habitat is mammalian skin.


Generally speaking, it is the alkaline substance obtained from wood ashes by percolation. Preparations of lye can be solutions of either potassium or sodium hydroxide. The term lye, is also used to refer to the household product which is a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate.


Aid to Families with Dependent Children
Family Allowances

Financial assistance provided by the government to indigent families with dependent children who meet certain requirements as defined by the Social Security Act, Title IV, in the U.S.


Inanimate objects that carry pathogenic microorganisms and thus can serve as the source of infection. Microorganisms typically survive on fomites for minutes or hours. Common fomites include CLOTHING, tissue paper, hairbrushes, and COOKING AND EATING UTENSILS.


Rare neoplasms of mesenchymal origin, usually benign, and most commonly involving the PLEURA (see SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMOR, PLEURAL). They also are found in extrapleural sites.


Involvement in community activities or programs.


Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.