A condition where the stomach wall becomes thickened, rubbery and loses its ability to distend. The stomach assumes a "leather bottle" shape. It is most often seen in adenocarcinoma of the stomach. The term is often used synonymously with diffuse adenocarcinoma of the stomach.


Curved rows of HAIR located on the upper edges of the eye sockets.


Inorganic compounds that contain barium as an integral part of the molecule.


A measure of the amount of WATER VAPOR in the air.


A genus of gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacteria that has been isolated from the intestinal tract of mammals, including humans. It has been associated with PEPTIC ULCER.


A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells, occurring most frequently in pelvic bones or near the ends of long bones, in middle-aged and old people. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion or in patients with ENCHONDROMATOSIS. (Stedman, 25th ed)


Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus
Bromovirus
Brome mosaic virus

A genus of tripartite plant viruses in the family BROMOVIRIDAE. Transmission is by beetles. Brome mosaic virus is the type species.


The type species of the genus NITROSOMONAS, a gram-negative chemolithotroph that oxidizes ammonia to nitrite. It is found in soil, sewage, freshwater, and on building walls, and especially in polluted areas where air contains high levels of nitrogen compounds.


Chloride and mercury-containing derivatives of benzoic acid.


Interactive Learning
Simulation Training

A highly customized interactive medium or program that allows individuals to learn and practice real world activities in an accurate, realistic, safe and secure environment.


A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria first isolated from soil in Vineland, New Jersey. Ammonium and nitrate are used as nitrogen sources by this bacterium. It is distinguished from other members of its genus by the ability to use rhamnose as a carbon source. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)


Ratings of the characteristics of food including flavor, appearance, nutritional content, and the amount of microbial and chemical contamination.


The extension of endometrial tissue (ENDOMETRIUM) into the MYOMETRIUM. It usually occurs in women in their reproductive years and may result in a diffusely enlarged uterus with ectopic and benign endometrial glands and stroma.


Clusters of multipolar neurons surrounded by a capsule of loosely organized CONNECTIVE TISSUE located outside the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.


Family, in the order METHANOMICROBIALES, which contains only one genus METHANOSPIRILLUM.


Temperance Movement
Women's Christian Temperance Union

Social effort most active in the 19th and early 20th centuries dedicated to promoting moderation or complete abstinence in the use of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.


Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition.


Pulse Polarography
Polarography
DC Polarography

A type of polarography in which the voltage is applied in a differential pulse fashion.


Unanticipated events associated with AIRCRAFT.


A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. This plant should not be confused with microtubule asters (MICROTUBULES) nor with aster yellows phytoplasma (mycoplasma-like organisms).


The spontaneous transplantation of splenic tissue to unusual sites after open splenic trauma, e.g., after automobile accidents, gunshot or stab wounds. The splenic pulp implants appear as red-blue nodules on the peritoneum, omentum, and mesentery, morphologically similar to multifocal pelvic endometriosis. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)


Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which PLANT PROTEINS, DIETARY is available.


A substance, extract, or preparation for diffusing or imparting an agreeable or attractive smell, especially a fluid containing fragrant natural oils extracted from flowers, woods, etc., or similar synthetic oils. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)


Adult Foster Care
Foster Home Care
Fostering
Kinship Care

An elderly person's placement with another family when independent living is no longer possible, but nursing care is not necessary.


A severe condition resulting from bacteria invading healthy muscle from adjacent traumatized muscle or soft tissue. The infection originates in a wound contaminated with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM. C. perfringens accounts for the majority of cases (over eighty percent), while C. noyvi, C. septicum, and C. histolyticum cause most of the other cases.


A species of STREPTOCOCCUS isolated from pigs. It is a pathogen of swine but rarely occurs in humans.


A potent osteoinductive protein that plays a critical role in the differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells into OSTEOBLASTS.


A family of flukes of the class Trematoda occurring primarily in the liver of animals and man. There are six genera: Fasciola, Fasciolopsis, Fascioloides, Tenuifasciola, Parafasciolopsis, and Protofasciola. The adult form of Fasciolopsis occurs in the intestines of pigs and man.


Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation around irritating foreign bodies.


Time Restricted Feeding
Fasting
Hunger Strike
Intermittent Fasting


An abnormality in the direction of a TOOTH ERUPTION.


A purine nucleoside that has guanine linked by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is a component of ribonucleic acid and its nucleotides play important roles in metabolism. (From Dorland, 28th ed)


Delirium of Mixed Origin
Subacute Delirium
Delirium

A disorder characterized by CONFUSION; inattentiveness; disorientation; ILLUSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; agitation; and in some instances autonomic nervous system overactivity. It may result from toxic/metabolic conditions or structural brain lesions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp411-2)


Any significant change in measures of climate (such as temperature, precipitation, or wind) lasting for an extended period (decades or longer). It may result from natural factors such as changes in the sun's intensity, natural processes within the climate system such as changes in ocean circulation, or human activities.


Coronavirinae
Coronaviridae
White bream virus
Bafinivirus
Torovirinae

Spherical RNA viruses, in the order NIDOVIRALES, infecting a wide range of animals including humans. Transmission is by fecal-oral and respiratory routes. Mechanical transmission is also common. There are two genera: CORONAVIRUS and TOROVIRUS.


A type of extracellular vesicle, containing RNA and proteins, that is secreted into the extracellular space by EXOCYTOSIS when MULTIVESICULAR BODIES fuse with the PLASMA MEMBRANE.


A family of gram-negative bacteria in the order Nitrosomonadales. It formerly included the genera CAMPYLOBACTER and SPIRILLUM, then was abandoned, and is now reinstated as a family with a single genus SPIRILLUM.


Large, robust forms of brown algae (PHAEOPHYCEAE) in the order Laminariales. They are a major component of the lower intertidal and sublittoral zones on rocky coasts in temperate and polar waters. Kelp, a kind of SEAWEED, usually refers to species in the genera LAMINARIA or MACROCYSTIS, but the term may also be used for species in FUCUS or Nereocystis.


The sensory fibers innervating the viscera.


A species of gram-negative bacteria and a common inhabitant of the NASAL CAVITY of both healthy and diseased PIGS. It is a common secondary invader in MYCOPLASMAL PNEUMONIA OF SWINE.


Cells or feeding stage in the life cycle of sporozoan protozoa. In the malarial parasite, the trophozoite develops from the MEROZOITE and then splits into the SCHIZONT. Trophozoites that are left over from cell division can go on to form gametocytes.


Death
Determination of Death
Near-Death Experience
Cardiac Death

Irreversible cessation of all bodily functions, manifested by absence of spontaneous breathing and total loss of cardiovascular and cerebral functions.


A symptom complex resulting from ingesting excessive amounts of VITAMIN A.


A superfamily of intestinal nematode parasites containing one genus, STRONGYLOIDES, and several species. It is transmitted through fecal material onto the skin and occurs in animals and humans.


A statistical analytic technique used with discrete dependent variables, concerned with separating sets of observed values and allocating new values. It is sometimes used instead of regression analysis.


A rare tumor of the female genital tract, most often the ovary, formerly considered to be derived from mesonephric rests. Two varieties are recognized: (1) clear cell carcinoma, so called because of its histologic resemblance to renal cell carcinoma, and now considered to be of muellerian duct derivation and (2) an embryonal tumor (called also ENDODERMAL SINUS TUMOR and yolk sac tumor), occurring chiefly in children. The latter variety may also arise in the testis. (Dorland, 27th ed)


A species of gram-positive bacteria in the STREPTOCOCCUS MILLERI GROUP. It is the most frequently seen isolate of that group, has a proclivity for abscess formation, and is most often isolated from the blood, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tract.


Comprehensive Health Planning Agencies
Health Systems Agencies

Health planning and resources development agencies which function in each health service area of the United States (PL 93-641).


A risk factor for suicide attempts and completions, it is the most common of all suicidal behavior, but only a minority of ideators engage in overt self-harm.


A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus PSEUDOMONAS, which is found in SOIL and WATER.


Concepts involved with nutritional physiology, including categories of substances eaten for sustenance, nutritional phenomena and processes, eating patterns and habits, and measurable nutritional parameters.


The arterial blood vessels supplying the CEREBRUM.


Two pairs of small oval-shaped glands located in the front and the base of the NECK and adjacent to the two lobes of THYROID GLAND. They secrete PARATHYROID HORMONE that regulates the balance of CALCIUM; PHOSPHORUS; and MAGNESIUM in the body.


A group of cold-blooded, aquatic vertebrates having gills, fins, a cartilaginous or bony endoskeleton, and elongated bodies covered with scales.


Pathological conditions resulting from abnormal anabolism or catabolism of lipids in the body.


A plant genus of the family PIPERACEAE. Members contain prenylated quinones.


An enduring attitude or sentiment toward persons or objects manifested by anger, aversion and desire for the misfortune of others.


Rose Bengal
Rose Bengal Sodium I 131
Rose Bengal Sodium I 125

A bright bluish pink compound that has been used as a dye, biological stain, and diagnostic aid.


Saccharin
Saccharin Sodium
Saccharin Calcium

Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.


Survival Rate
Cumulative Survival Rate
Mean Survival Time

The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.


An unnatural amino acid that is used experimentally to study protein structure and function. It is structurally similar to METHIONINE, however it does not contain SULFUR.


Methods for determining interaction between PROTEINS.


All types of crime in which personal data is obtained wrongfully, typically for economic gain. (from www.justice.gov/criminal/fraud/websites/idtheft.html)


The epithelium lining the seminiferous tubules composed of primary male germ cells (SPERMATOGONIA) and supporting SERTOLI CELLS. As SPERMATOGENESIS proceeds, the developing germ cells migrate toward the lumen. The adluminal compartment, the inner two thirds of the tubules, contains SPERMATOCYTES and the more advanced germ cells.


Zygote-containing cysts of sporozoan protozoa. Further development in an oocyst produces small individual infective organisms called SPOROZOITES. Then, depending on the genus, the entire oocyst is called a sporocyst or the oocyst contains multiple sporocysts encapsulating the sporozoites.


A class of marine annelids including sandworms, tube worms, clamworms, and fire worms. It includes also the genus Myxicola infundibulum.


Pseudogenes
beta-Tubulin Pseudogene
Genes, Processed

Genes bearing close resemblance to known genes at different loci, but rendered non-functional by additions or deletions in structure that prevent normal transcription or translation. When lacking introns and containing a poly-A segment near the downstream end (as a result of reverse copying from processed nuclear RNA into double-stranded DNA), they are called processed genes.


Arnebia Cynoglossum Boraginaceae Tournefortia Onosma Alkanna Anchusa Ehretia

The Borage plant family is in the class Magnoliopsida, subclass Asteridae, order Lamiales. It is characterized by hairy foliage, usually alternate and simple; flowers are funnel-shaped or tubular. Some of the species contain PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS.


The course of learning of an individual or a group. It is a measure of performance plotted over time.


Infiltration of the nervous system by malignant lymphoma cells.


Alyrane Etran Ethrane Enlirane Enflurane Enfran

An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.


The fourth planet in order from the sun. Its two natural satellites are Deimos and Phobos. It is one of the four inner or terrestrial planets of the solar system.


Arachidonic Acids
Eicosatetraenoic Acids


Viruses which enable defective viruses to replicate or to form a protein coat by complementing the missing gene function of the defective (satellite) virus. Helper and satellite may be of the same or different genus.


A disaccharide consisting of two glucose units in an alpha (1-6) glycosidic linkage.


The branch of philosophy that treats of first principles, including ontology (the nature of existence or being) and cosmology (the origin and structure of the universe). (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)


Pyrocitric Acid
Aconitic Acid
Carboxyglutaconic Acid
Citridic Acid
Achilleic Acid
Equisetic Acid
Aconitate
Citridinic Acid

A tricarboxylic acid with the formula (COOH)-CH2-C(COOH)=CH-COOH.


Programs in which participation is required.


Transmission of energy or mass by a medium involving movement of the medium itself. The circulatory movement that occurs in a fluid at a nonuniform temperature owing to the variation of its density and the action of gravity. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed; Webster, 10th ed)


Allograft Tolerance
Graft Tolerance
Transplantation Tolerance

An induced state of non-reactivity to grafted tissue from a donor organism that would ordinarily trigger a cell-mediated or humoral immune response.


A group of iron-binding proteins that tightly bind two ferrate ions along with two carbonate ions. They are found in the bodily fluids of vertebrates where they act as transport and storage molecules for iron.


A type of anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected panic attacks that last minutes or, rarely, hours. Panic attacks begin with intense apprehension, fear or terror and, often, a feeling of impending doom. Symptoms experienced during a panic attack include dyspnea or sensations of being smothered; dizziness, loss of balance or faintness; choking sensations; palpitations or accelerated heart rate; shakiness; sweating; nausea or other form of abdominal distress; depersonalization or derealization; paresthesias; hot flashes or chills; chest discomfort or pain; fear of dying and fear of not being in control of oneself or going crazy. Agoraphobia may also develop. Similar to other anxiety disorders, it may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.


Cells of epithelial origin possessing specialized sensory functions. They include cells that are found in the TASTE BUDS; OLFACTORY MUCOSA; COCHLEA; and NEUROEPITHELIAL BODIES.


A mitosporic Loculoascomycetes fungal genus including some economically important plant parasites. Teleomorphs include Mycosphaerella and Venturia.


Abnormal formation of blood vessels that shunt arterial blood directly into veins without passing through the CAPILLARIES. They usually are crooked, dilated, and with thick vessel walls. A common type is the congenital arteriovenous fistula. The lack of blood flow and oxygen in the capillaries can lead to tissue damage in the affected areas.


An activity in which the body is propelled through water by specific movement of the arms and/or the legs. Swimming as propulsion through water by the movement of limbs, tail, or fins of animals is often studied as a form of PHYSICAL EXERTION or endurance.


Feedback, Sensory
Audio Feedback
Sensorimotor Feedback
Proprioceptive Feedback
Visual Feedback

A mechanism of communicating one's own sensory system information about a task, movement or skill.


A branch of law that defines criminal offenses, regulates the apprehension, charging and trial of suspected persons, and fixes the penalties and modes of treatment applicable to convicted offenders.


An aldehyde oxidoreductase expressed predominantly in the LIVER; LUNGS; and KIDNEY. It catalyzes the oxidation of a variety of organic aldehydes and N-heterocyclic compounds to CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, and also oxidizes quinoline and pyridine derivatives. The enzyme utilizes molybdenum cofactor and FAD as cofactors.


An interdisciplinary study dealing with the transmission of messages or signals, or the communication of information. Information theory does not directly deal with meaning or content, but with physical representations that have meaning or content. It overlaps considerably with communication theory and CYBERNETICS.


Technology Development
Industrial Development
Industrialization

Activity concerned with the planning and building of industries through manufacturing, provision of specialized services, and COMMERCE.


5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.


A form-genus of spherical to rod-shaped CYANOBACTERIA in the order Chroococcales. They contain THYLAKOIDS and are found in a wide range of habitats.


Cycloalkanes containing three or more hydroxyl groups on the ring atoms. Some polyhydroxypiperidines (PIPERIDINES) are called iminocyclitols or aza-sugars.


A species of gram-negative bacteria causing lesions to AIR SACS and HOCK joints in TURKEYS.


A condition caused by the excessive secretion of ANDROGENS from the ADRENAL CORTEX; the OVARIES; or the TESTES. The clinical significance in males is negligible. In women, the common manifestations are HIRSUTISM and VIRILISM as seen in patients with POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME and ADRENOCORTICAL HYPERFUNCTION.


A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).


A course or method of action selected to guide and determine present and future decisions.


Computer programs based on knowledge developed from consultation with experts on a problem, and the processing and/or formalizing of this knowledge using these programs in such a manner that the problems may be solved.


Tools or devices for generating products using the synthetic or chemical conversion capacity of a biological system. They can be classical fermentors, cell culture perfusion systems, or enzyme bioreactors. For production of proteins or enzymes, recombinant microorganisms such as bacteria, mammalian cells, or insect or plant cells are usually chosen.


Hard or soft soluble containers used for the oral administration of medicine.


A family of marine MUSSELS in the class BIVALVIA.


Respiratory Aspiration of Gastric Contents

Inhaling refluxed gastric or duodenal contents.


The vein accompanying the femoral artery in the same sheath; it is a continuation of the popliteal vein and becomes the external iliac vein.


Injuries sustained from incidents in the course of work-related activities.


A species of Lactobacillus that occurs in the human GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT and ORAL MUCOSA. It produces BACTERIOCINS and is used as a PROBIOTIC.


Static Charge
Electrostatics
Static Electricity

An electric charge accumulated on an object. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)


Conditions which cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. They all involve dysregulation of multipotent MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS, most often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE.


Respiratory muscles that arise from the lower border of one rib and insert into the upper border of the adjoining rib, and contract during inspiration or respiration. (From Stedman, 25th ed)


Cultural Relativism
Customs
Culture
Beliefs
Cultural Background

The process by which the dominant symbols, acts, or meanings of a society reinforce the perspective of a dominant group while making invisible, stereotyped, or marked as “other” the variations in symbols, acts, and meanings from culture to culture.in the perspectives of subordinate or targeted groups. This includes the presumed universality of the dominant group’s experience, culture, and religion.


Compounds that bind to and block the stimulation of ADENOSINE A1 RECEPTORS.


Organic compounds that have the general formula R-SO-R. They are obtained by oxidation of mercaptans (analogous to the ketones). (From Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 4th ed)


The number of offspring produced at one birth by a viviparous animal.


Disciplines that apply sciences to law. Forensic sciences include a wide range of disciplines, such as FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY; FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY; FORENSIC MEDICINE; FORENSIC DENTISTRY; and others.


General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.


The physiological narrowing of BLOOD VESSELS by contraction of the VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.


Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of galactose from a nucleoside diphosphate galactose to an acceptor molecule which is frequently another carbohydrate. EC 2.4.1.-.


The pathologic narrowing of the orifice of the TRICUSPID VALVE. This hinders the emptying of RIGHT ATRIUM leading to elevated right atrial pressure and systemic venous congestion. Tricuspid valve stenosis is almost always due to RHEUMATIC FEVER.


An order of heavy-bodied, largely terrestrial BIRDS including pheasants, TURKEYS, grouse, QUAIL, and CHICKENS.


Nitrogen mustard analog of quinacrine used primarily as a stain in the studies of chromosomes and chromatin. Fluoresces by reaction with nucleic acids in chromosomes.


Epicardial Mapping
Percutaneous Epicardial Mapping

Recording the locations and measurements of electrical activity in the EPICARDIUM by placing electrodes on the surface of the heart to analyze the patterns of activation and to locate arrhythmogenic sites.


Prehensile-tailed PORCUPINES, in the family Erethizontidae.


In a prokaryotic cell or in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, a structure consisting of or containing DNA which carries the genetic information essential to the cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)


Salacia chinensis
Salacia oblonga
Salacia
Salacia reticulata

A plant genus of the family Celastraceae. Members contain friedelane-type TRITERPENES and SESQUITERPENES, EUDESMANE.


Marine, freshwater, or terrestrial mollusks of the class Gastropoda. Most have an enclosing spiral shell, and several genera harbor parasites pathogenic to man.


The superior portion of the body of the stomach above the level of the cardiac notch.


A blood plasma glycoprotein that mediates cell adhesion and interacts with proteins of the complement, coagulation, and fibrinolytic cascade. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)


A non-vascular form of connective tissue composed of CHONDROCYTES embedded in a matrix that includes CHONDROITIN SULFATE and various types of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. There are three major types: HYALINE CARTILAGE; FIBROCARTILAGE; and ELASTIC CARTILAGE.


Automatic, mechanical, and apparently undirected behavior which is outside of conscious control.


Lens Dislocation
Lens Dislocation and Subluxation
Lens Subluxation

Incomplete rupture of the zonule with the displaced lens remaining behind the pupil. In dislocation, or complete rupture, the lens is displaced forward into the anterior chamber or backward into the vitreous body. When congenital, this condition is known as ECTOPIA LENTIS.


Punctal Plugs
Silicone Punctal Plugs
Collagen Punctal Plugs

Small devices that are inserted into the tear ducts (NASOLACRIMAL DUCTS). They are used to block the drainage of TEARS for the treatment of DRY EYE SYNDROMES.


Left Cerebral Hemisphere
Cerebral Hemispheres
Cerebrum
Right Cerebral Hemisphere

Derived from TELENCEPHALON, cerebrum is composed of a right and a left hemisphere. Each contains an outer cerebral cortex and a subcortical basal ganglia. The cerebrum includes all parts within the skull except the MEDULLA OBLONGATA, the PONS, and the CEREBELLUM. Cerebral functions include sensorimotor, emotional, and intellectual activities.


Progesterones which have undergone ring contraction or which are lacking carbon 18 or 19.


A genus of facultatively or obligately anaerobic marine phototrophic bacteria, in the family RHODOBACTERACEAE.


Acids derived from monosaccharides by the oxidation of the terminal (-CH2OH) group farthest removed from the carbonyl group to a (-COOH) group. (From Stedmans, 26th ed)


A group of compounds that contain the structure SO2NH2.


Trial-and-error methods of problem-solving used when an algorithmic approach is impractical


A 66-kDa peroxidase found in EOSINOPHIL granules. Eosinophil peroxidase is a cationic protein with a pI of 10.8 and is comprised of a heavy chain subunit and a light chain subunit. It possesses cytotoxic activity towards BACTERIA and other organisms, which is attributed to its peroxidase activity.


The means of interchanging or transmitting and receiving information. Historically the media were written: books, journals, newspapers, and other publications; in the modern age the media include, in addition, radio, television, computers, and information networks.


Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.


Region of the body immediately surrounding and including the ELBOW JOINT.


1976 accidental release of DIOXINS from a manufacturing facility in Seveso, ITALY following an equipment failure.


The condition of carrying TWINS simultaneously.


Employment of MINORS in work that deprives children of their childhood, potential, dignity, and is harmful to their physical and mental development. (International Labor Organization, UN)


A cinnamate derivative of the shikamate pathway found in CLOVE OIL and other PLANTS.


An organochlorine compound that was formerly used as an insecticide. Its manufacture and use has been discontinued in the United States. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)


Radiation Hybrid Mapping
Radiation Hybrid Maps
Radiation Hybrids

A method for ordering genetic loci along CHROMOSOMES. The method involves fusing irradiated donor cells with host cells from another species. Following cell fusion, fragments of DNA from the irradiated cells become integrated into the chromosomes of the host cells. Molecular probing of DNA obtained from the fused cells is used to determine if two or more genetic loci are located within the same fragment of donor cell DNA.


These evidence-based therapies to reduce symptoms associated with treatment of cancer.


Mitochondrial Trifunctional Protein, alpha Subunit

The alpha subunit of mitochondrial trifunctional protein. It contains both enoyl-CoA hydratase activity (EC 4.2.1.17) and long-chain-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity (EC 1.1.1.211). There are four of these alpha subunits in each mitochondrial trifunctional protein molecule.


The practice of living unclothed for reasons of comfort or health.


2-Octylcyclopentaneheptanoic acids. The family of saturated carbon-20 cyclic fatty acids that represent the parent compounds of the prostaglandins.


Nematodes parasitic in the bronchi of herbivorous animals.


Alloys that contain a high percentage of gold. They are used in restorative or prosthetic dentistry.


Water particles that fall from the ATMOSPHERE.


A statistically significant excess of cases of a disease, occurring within a limited space-time continuum.


A form of interactive entertainment in which the player controls electronically generated images that appear on a video display screen. This includes video games played in the home on special machines or home computers, and those played in arcades.


Zoladex
ICI-118630
Goserelin
Goserelin Acetate

A synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments of malignant NEOPLASMS of the prostate, uterine fibromas, and metastatic breast cancer.


Bone-forming cells which secrete an EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. HYDROXYAPATITE crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.


Potentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm-blooded animals. They may cause a wide range of infections and intoxications.


Transmembrane proteins consisting of a lectin-like domain, an epidermal growth factor-like domain, and a variable number of domains that are homologous to complement regulatory proteins. They are important cell adhesion molecules which help LEUKOCYTES attach to VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM.


A gel-forming mucin that is primarily found on the surface of gastric epithelium and in the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Mucin 5AC was originally identified as two distinct proteins, however a single gene encodes the protein which gives rise to the mucin 5A and mucin 5C variants.


Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.


The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.


Pathophysiological conditions of the FETUS in the UTERUS. Some fetal diseases may be treated with FETAL THERAPIES.


Techniques used to expose dental surface below the gingival margin in order to obtain better dental impression during periodental and peri-implant applications. The retraction of the gingival tissue can be achieved surgically (e.g., laser gingivectomy and rotary curettage) or chemically with a retraction cord.


An abnormal passage communicating between any components of the digestive system, or between any part of the digestive system and surrounding organ(s).


Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.


Atypical gamma immunoglobulins characterized by their irreversible heat denaturation at 56-degrees C. Pyroprecipitation is inhibited at pH below 3 and above 9. The presence of pyroglobulins in the serum is the cause of pyroglobulinemia. They are frequently present in multiple myeloma and the pyroglobulin precipitate binds complement, reacts with rheumatoid factor, produces passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, generalized passive anaphylaxis and passive Arthus-type phenomena.


A plant family of the order Polygalales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida.


Gastrointestinal symptoms resulting from an absent or nonfunctioning pylorus.


Infestation with mites of the genus Trombicula, whose larvae carry the rickettsial agent of scrub typhus.


A genus of gram-positive, spherical bacteria found in soils and fresh water, and frequently on the skin of man and other animals.


Treatment of varicose veins, hemorrhoids, gastric and esophageal varices, and peptic ulcer hemorrhage by injection or infusion of chemical agents which cause localized thrombosis and eventual fibrosis and obliteration of the vessels.


Inorganic compounds that contain tungsten as an integral part of the molecule.


Derivatives of acetic acid with one or more fluorines attached. They are almost odorless, difficult to detect chemically, and very stable. The acid itself, as well as the derivatives that are broken down in the body to the acid, are highly toxic substances, behaving as convulsant poisons with a delayed action. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed)


Derivatives of tartronic acid (the structural formula (COOH)CHOH(COOH)) including its salts and esters.


Hereditary disorders of pyruvate metabolism. They are difficult to diagnose and describe because pyruvate is a key intermediate in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Some inherited metabolic disorders may alter pyruvate metabolism indirectly. Disorders in pyruvate metabolism appear to lead to deficiencies in neurotransmitter synthesis and, consequently, to nervous system disorders.


Microscopic particles comprising dead skin, dried salivary proteins, hair, SEBUM and microorganisms, shed by animals which causes allergic reactions in atopic persons.


A species of ARENAVIRUS, one of the New World Arenaviruses (ARENAVIRUSES, NEW WORLD), causing a fatal infection in the cricetine rodent Oryzomys albigularis. Asymptomatic laboratory infection in humans has been reported.


Laryngeal Nerve, Superior
Laryngeal Nerves

Branches of the VAGUS NERVE. The superior laryngeal nerves originate near the nodose ganglion and separate into external branches, which supply motor fibers to the cricothyroid muscles, and internal branches, which carry sensory fibers. The RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE originates more caudally and carries efferents to all muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid. The laryngeal nerves and their various branches also carry sensory and autonomic fibers to the laryngeal, pharyngeal, tracheal, and cardiac regions.


A species of Lactobacillus that occurs in the GUT MICROBIOTA of healthy humans as well as FERMENTED DAIRY PRODUCTS and fermented vegetables. It is used as a PROBIOTIC.


Four individuals derived from four FETUSES that were fertilized at or about the same time, developed in the UTERUS simultaneously, and born to the same mother.


An oxidation product of tryptophan metabolism. It may be a free radical scavenger and a carcinogen.


Glands that secrete SALIVA in the MOUTH. There are three pairs of salivary glands (PAROTID GLAND; SUBLINGUAL GLAND; SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND).


The group of celestial bodies, including the EARTH, orbiting around and gravitationally bound by the sun. It includes eight planets, one minor planet, and 34 natural satellites, more than 1,000 observed comets, and thousands of lesser bodies known as MINOR PLANETS (asteroids) and METEOROIDS. (From Academic American Encyclopedia, 1983)


The performance of dissections with the aid of a microscope.


The removal of contaminating material, such as radioactive materials, biological materials, or CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS, from a person or object.


A genus of BACILLACEAE that are spore-forming, rod-shaped cells. Most species are saprophytic soil forms with only a few species being pathogenic.


Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.


Hematologic diseases caused by structural or functional defects of BLOOD PROTEINS.


A radioactive alkali metal with the atomic symbol Fr, and atomic number 87. The mass numbers of known isotopes are 204-213, 217-224. Its valence is +1.


Emission or propagation of acoustic waves (SOUND), ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY waves (such as LIGHT; RADIO WAVES; GAMMA RAYS; or X-RAYS), or a stream of subatomic particles (such as ELECTRONS; NEUTRONS; PROTONS; or ALPHA PARTICLES).


Removal, via CELL DEATH, of immature lymphocytes that interact with antigens during maturation. For T-lymphocytes this occurs in the thymus and ensures that mature T-lymphocytes are self tolerant. B-lymphocytes may also undergo clonal deletion.


A family of muscle-specific transcription factors which bind to DNA in control regions and thus regulate myogenesis. All members of this family contain a conserved helix-loop-helix motif which is homologous to the myc family proteins. These factors are only found in skeletal muscle. Members include the myoD protein (MYOD PROTEIN); MYOGENIN; myf-5, and myf-6 (also called MRF4 or herculin).


A genus of coccoid bacteria in the family PLANOCOCCACEAE. They are widely distributed in various habitats including sea water, freshwater ponds, cyanobacterial mats, and in marine animals.


Any method of measuring the amount of work done by an organism, usually during PHYSICAL EXERTION. Ergometry also includes measures of power. Some instruments used in these determinations include the hand crank and the bicycle ergometer.


Works about single or multi-sheet notices made to attract attention to events, activities, causes, goods, or services. They are for display, usually in a public place and are chiefly pictorial.


The development and establishment of environmental conditions favorable to the health of the public.


A statistically significant minimum set of clinical outcomes that demonstrates a clinical benefit of an intervention or treatment.


A species of aerobic, chemolithotrophic ARCHAEA consisting of coccoid cells that utilize sulfur as an energy source. The optimum temperature for growth is 70-75 degrees C. They are isolated from acidic fields.


A non-pathogenic species of Bacillus that occurs in soil as well as some fermented vegetables and FERMENTED DAIRY PRODUCTS. It produces BACTERIOCINS and ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS and is used in FOOD PRESERVATION as well as a PROBIOTIC.


A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal.


Non-periodical written or printed works consisting of sheets of pages fastened or bound together within covers.


Euploid female germ cells of an early stage of OOGENESIS, derived from primordial germ cells during ovarian differentiation. Oogonia undergo MEIOSIS and give rise to haploid OOCYTES


The belief in or study of practices and knowledge of magical, mystical, or supernatural powers. ALCHEMY, astrology, and many RELIGIOUS PHILOSOPHIES are based upon occult principles.


A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria. Its organisms are normal inhabitants of the oral, respiratory, intestinal, and urogenital cavities of humans, animals, and insects. Some species may be pathogenic.


Genetic engineering or molecular biology techniques that involve DNA REPAIR mechanisms for incorporating site-specific modifications into a cell's genome.


A class of enzymes that transfers nucleotidyl residues. EC 2.7.7.


Presence of an intraocular lens after cataract extraction.


An opaque, milky-white fluid consisting mainly of emulsified fats that passes through the lacteals of the small intestines into the lymphatic system.


Diagnosed when there are specific deficits in an individual’s ability to perceive or process information efficiently and accurately. This  disorder first manifests during the years of formal schooling and is characterized by persistent and impairing difficulties with learning foundational academic skills in reading, writing, and/or math. The individual’s performance of the affected academic skills is well below average for age, or acceptable performance levels are achieved only with extraordinary effort. Specific learning disorder may occur in individuals identified as intellectually gifted and manifest only when the learning demands or assessment procedures (e.g., timed tests) pose barriers that cannot be overcome by their innate intelligence and compensatory strategies. For all individuals, specific learning disorder can produce lifelong impairments in activities dependent on the skills, including occupational performance. (from DSM-V)


Melanin-containing organelles found in melanocytes and melanophores.


A multidisciplinary field of research and practice studying the periodicity of biological systems and the application of principles of chronobiology to various therapeutic strategies. Aging, biological rhythms, and cyclic phenomena are included. Statistical, computer-aided mathematical procedures are used to describe, in mathematical terminology, various biological functions over time.


Pyrrovinyquinium
Pyrvinium Compounds
Viprynium


Tops of plants when in flower, including the stems, leaves and blooms.


Compounds of four rings containing a nitrogen. They are biosynthesized from reticuline via rearrangement of scoulerine. They are similar to BENZYLISOQUINOLINES. Members include chelerythrine and sanguinarine.


A plant genus of the family ARALIACEAE. Members contain triterpene saponins.


Thioredoxin h
Thioredoxin h2
Thioredoxin h1
Thioredoxin h3

A thioredoxin subtype that is ubiquitously found in the plant kingdom. It reduces a variety of seed storage proteins and may play a role in the germination process of seeds.


Excretory-related psychiatric disorders usually diagnosed in infancy or childhood.


A vegetative stage in the life cycle of sporozoan protozoa. It is characteristic of members of the phyla APICOMPLEXA and MICROSPORIDIA.


Liquid substances produced by living organisms to fulfill specific functions or excreted as waste.


A neurosurgical procedure that removes the anterior TEMPORAL LOBE including the medial temporal structures of CEREBRAL CORTEX; AMYGDALA; HIPPOCAMPUS; and the adjacent PARAHIPPOCAMPAL GYRUS. This procedure is generally used for the treatment of intractable temporal epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TEMPORAL LOBE).


The electric response of the cochlear hair cells to acoustic stimulation.


The largest cartilage of the larynx consisting of two laminae fusing anteriorly at an acute angle in the midline of the neck. The point of fusion forms a subcutaneous projection known as the Adam's apple.


Pre-School Teachers
Middle School Teachers
School Teachers
High School Teachers
Elementary School Teachers

Members of staff responsible for TEACHING students in a school from pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade.


An antihistomonal agent with low toxicity. It also promotes growth and feed utilization in poultry.


Critical Incident Stress Debriefing
Crisis Intervention

Brief therapeutic approach which is ameliorative rather than curative of acute psychiatric emergencies. Used in contexts such as emergency rooms of psychiatric or general hospitals, or in the home or place of crisis occurrence, this treatment approach focuses on interpersonal and intrapsychic factors and environmental modification. (APA Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 7th ed)


Plant Immunity
Plant Immune Response
Plant Immune System

Specific signaling cascades set in motion to defend against or repel pathogens.


Chemical agents that increase the permeability of CELL MEMBRANES to POTASSIUM ions.


The presence of an excessively large tongue, which may be congenital or may develop as a result of a tumor or edema due to obstruction of lymphatic vessels, or it may occur in association with hyperpituitarism or acromegaly. It also may be associated with malocclusion because of pressure of the tongue on the teeth. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)


Unstable isotopes of rubidium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Rb atoms with atomic weights 79-84, and 86-95 are radioactive rubidium isotopes.


Diseases of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI.


Derivatives of ammonium compounds, NH4+ Y-, in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with hydrocarbyl groups. These are distinguished from IMINES which are RN=CR2.


A phenothiazine antipsychotic with effects similar to CHLORPROMAZINE.


Mature osteoblasts that have become embedded in the BONE MATRIX. They occupy a small cavity, called lacuna, in the matrix and are connected to adjacent osteocytes via protoplasmic projections called canaliculi.


Epithelial cell line originally derived from porcine kidneys. It is used for pharmacologic and metabolic studies.


A plant family of the order Magnoliales, subclass Magnoliidae, class Magnoliopsida. The wood lacks water-conducting cells but has acrid sap. The leaves are gland-dotted, leathery, and smooth-margined. The flowers are small, in clusters, with two to six sepals, petals in two or more series, several stamens, and one to several carpels.


Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.


An infection caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae that is almost wholly restricted to persons who in their occupation handle infected fish, shellfish, poultry, or meat. Three forms of this condition exist: a mild localized form manifested by local swelling and redness of the skin; a diffuse form that might present with fever; and a rare systemic form associated with endocarditis.


An organization of self-proclaimed alcoholics who meet frequently to reinforce their practice of abstinence.


Torecan
Thiethylperazine Malate
Thiethylperazine Maleate (2:1)
Norzine
Thiethylperazine

A dopamine antagonist that is particularly useful in treating the nausea and vomiting associated with anesthesia, mildly emetic cancer chemotherapy agents, radiation therapy, and toxins. This piperazine phenothiazine does not prevent vertigo or motion sickness. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p457)


A raised flat surface on which a patient is placed during a PHYSICAL EXAMINATION.


A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207, symbol Re.


A species of imperfect fungi from which the antibiotic fumigatin is obtained. Its spores may cause respiratory infection in birds and mammals.


An order of protozoa comprising heteroxenous tick-borne blood parasites. Representative genera include BABESIA, Dactylosoma, and THEILERIA.


Environment un-modified by human activity. Areas in which natural processes operate without human interference.


An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the formation of galactose 1-phosphate and ADP from ATP and D-galactose. Galactosamine can also act as the acceptor. A deficiency of this enzyme results in GALACTOSEMIA. EC 2.7.1.6.


Social Acceptance
Social Distance
Social Rejection

The degree of closeness or acceptance an individual or group feels toward another individual or group.


A genus of intestinal parasite worms which includes one of the most important hookworms of man, NECATOR AMERICANUS. The only other known species, N. suillus, has been recovered from pigs.


A pyridoxal-phosphate protein that reversibly catalyzes the conversion of L-alanine to D-alanine. EC 5.1.1.1.


A condition or physical state produced by the ingestion, injection, inhalation of or exposure to a deleterious agent.


Prevention of CONCEPTION by devices, chemical substances or agents with contraceptive activity in females which last for years and can be removed.


Presence of less than the normal amount of hair. (Dorland, 27th ed)


The first MENSTRUAL CYCLE marked by the initiation of MENSTRUATION.


Preparations made from animal tissues or organs (ANIMAL STRUCTURES). They usually contain many components, any one of which may be pharmacologically or physiologically active. Tissue extracts may contain specific, but uncharacterized factors or proteins with specific actions.


Obsessive thinking about an idea, situation, or choice.


The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.


The concept covering the physical and mental conditions of men.


A family of colorless sulfur bacteria in the order Thiotrichales, class GAMMAPROTEOBACTERIA.


The discarding or destroying of liquid waste products or their transformation into something useful or innocuous.


A plant genus of the family CECROPIACEAE. Hypotensive and hypoglycemic effects have been observed in animals after ingesting members of this genus. There is no relation to cecropia moth (Hyalophora cecropia) see MOTHS.


Cyst due to the occlusion of the duct of a follicle or small gland.


Research
Research Priorities
Research and Development
Research Activities
Laboratory Research

Critical and exhaustive investigation or experimentation, having for its aim the discovery of new facts and their correct interpretation, the revision of accepted conclusions, theories, or laws in the light of newly discovered facts, or the practical application of such new or revised conclusions, theories, or laws. (Webster, 3d ed)


Small breaks in the elastin-filled tissue of the retina.


Procedures for collecting, preserving, and transporting of specimens sufficiently stable to provide accurate and precise results suitable for clinical interpretation.


The hydroxy salt of ammonium ion. It is formed when AMMONIA reacts with water molecules in solution.


The photography of images produced on a fluorescent screen by X-rays.


Small holes of nanometer dimensions in a membrane, that can be used as single molecule detectors. The pores can be biological or synthetic.


Application of electric current to the spine for treatment of a variety of conditions involving innervation from the spinal cord.


Processes occurring in various organisms by which new genes are copied. Gene duplication may result in a MULTIGENE FAMILY; supergenes or PSEUDOGENES.


Establishment of an opening into the gallbladder either for drainage or surgical communication with another part of the digestive tract, usually the duodenum or jejunum.


Persons who have a history of physical or psychological dependence on ETHANOL.


3 beta,14-Dihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digitoxin. Synonyms: Cerberigenin; Echujetin; Evonogenin; Thevetigenin.


Infections with bacteria of the family Fusobacteriaceae, in the order Fusobacterales, phylum FUSOBACTERIA.


A plant genus of the family LYTHRACEAE. Members contain woodfordins.


Active Machine Learning
Learning from Labeled Data
Machine Learning with a Teacher
Semi-supervised Learning
Inductive Machine Learning
Supervised Machine Learning

A MACHINE LEARNING paradigm used to make predictions about future instances based on a given set of labeled paired input-output training (sample) data.


Pain in the region of the METATARSUS. It can include pain in the METATARSAL BONES; METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT; and/or intermetatarsal joints (TARSAL JOINTS).


Involuntary erection or bristling of hairs.


Substances capable of inhibiting, retarding or arresting the process of fermentation, acidification or other deterioration of foods.


The surgical fixation of a joint by a procedure designed to accomplish fusion of the joint surfaces by promoting the proliferation of bone cells. (Dorland, 28th ed)


The surgical cutting of a bone. (Dorland, 28th ed)


Agents that produce a soft formed stool, and relax and loosen the bowels, typically used over a protracted period, to relieve CONSTIPATION.


Immunization Coverage
Vaccination Coverage

Rate of VACCINATION as defined by GEOGRAPHY and or DEMOGRAPHY.


Method of nonverbal communication utilizing hand movements as speech equivalents.


Absorbent pads used for URINARY INCONTINENCE and usually worn as underpants or pants liners by the ELDERLY.


The white, opaque, fibrous, outer tunic of the eyeball, covering it entirely excepting the segment covered anteriorly by the cornea. It is essentially avascular but contains apertures for vessels, lymphatics, and nerves. It receives the tendons of insertion of the extraocular muscles and at the corneoscleral junction contains the canal of Schlemm. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)


A muscarinic antagonist used mainly in the treatment of urinary syndromes. It is incompletely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier.


A field of medicine concerned with developing and using strategies aimed at repair or replacement of damaged, diseased, or metabolically deficient organs, tissues, and cells via TISSUE ENGINEERING; CELL TRANSPLANTATION; and ARTIFICIAL ORGANS and BIOARTIFICIAL ORGANS and tissues.


The study of fluid channels and chambers of tiny dimensions of tens to hundreds of micrometers and volumes of nanoliters or picoliters. This is of interest in biological MICROCIRCULATION and used in MICROCHEMISTRY and INVESTIGATIVE TECHNIQUES.


Nodular bones which lie within a tendon and slide over another bony surface. The kneecap (see PATELLA) is a sesamoid bone.


A family of wingless, blood-sucking insects of the suborder HETEROPTERA, including the bedbugs and related forms. Cimex (BEDBUGS), Heamatosiphon, and Oeciacus are medically important genera. (From Dorland, 28th ed)


Inorganic salts or organic esters of phosphorous acid that contain the (3-)PO3 radical. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)


A species in the genus HEPATOVIRUS containing one serotype and two strains: HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS and Simian hepatitis A virus causing hepatitis in humans (HEPATITIS A) and primates, respectively.


Specialized residences for persons who do not require full hospitalization, and are not well enough to function completely within the community without professional supervision, protection and support.


A genus of SPONGES in the family Dysideidae, in which all skeletal fibers are filled with detritus.


Critical care treatment using intensive monitoring and aggressive management of perioperative hemodynamics in high risk patients,


Method for determining the circulating blood volume by introducing a known quantity of foreign substance into the blood and determining its concentration some minutes later when thorough mixing has occurred. From these two values the blood volume can be calculated by dividing the quantity of injected material by its concentration in the blood at the time of uniform mixing. Generally expressed as cubic centimeters or liters per kilogram of body weight.


A nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter.


Intracellular fluid from the cytoplasm after removal of ORGANELLES and other insoluble cytoplasmic components.


A yellowish fossil resin, the gum of several species of coniferous trees, found in the alluvial deposits of northeastern Germany. It is used in molecular biology in the analysis of organic matter fossilized in amber.


An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.


A genus of CYANOBACTERIA consisting of trichomes that are untapered with conspicuous constrictions at cross-walls. A firm individual sheath is absent, but a soft covering is often present. Many species are known worldwide as major components of freshwater PLANKTON and also of many saline lakes. The species ANABAENA FLOS-AQUAE is responsible for acute poisonings of various animals.


Archaeal Rhodopsins
Rhodopsins, Microbial
Bacterial Rhodopsins

Although similar in name and structure to BACTERIORHODOPSINS from HALOBACTERIUM HALOBIUM, this is a distinct class of proteins found in certain species of PROTEOBACTERIA.


Male-associated sex-specific social roles and behaviors unrelated to biologic function.


Asthma, Cardiac
Dyspnea, Paroxysmal Nocturnal
Dyspnea, Paroxysmal

A disorder characterized by sudden attacks of respiratory distress in at rest patients with HEART FAILURE and PULMONARY EDEMA. It usually occurs at night after several hours of sleep in a reclining position. Patients awaken with a feeling of suffocation, coughing, a cold sweat, and TACHYCARDIA. When there is significant WHEEZING, it is called cardiac asthma.


A form of cutaneous tuberculosis. It is seen predominantly in women and typically involves the NASAL MUCOSA; BUCCAL MUCOSA; and conjunctival mucosa.


Precipitin tests which occur over a narrow range of antigen-antibody ratio, due chiefly to peculiarities of the antibody (precipitin). (From Stedman, 26th ed)


Endoscopes for examining tissue of the anterior superior mediastinum.


Specialized arterial vessels in the umbilical cord. They carry waste and deoxygenated blood from the FETUS to the mother via the PLACENTA. In humans, there are usually two umbilical arteries but sometimes one.


Steroids with a hydroxyl group at C-3 and most of the skeleton of cholestane. Additional carbon atoms may be present in the side chain. (IUPAC Steroid Nomenclature, 1987)


A disorder characterized by the presence of ANEMIA, abnormally large red blood cells (megalocytes or macrocytes), and MEGALOBLASTS.


Chemical agents that increase the permeability of CELL MEMBRANES to CALCIUM ions.


A family of RNA viruses, many of which cause disease in humans and domestic animals. There are three genera FLAVIVIRUS; PESTIVIRUS; and HEPACIVIRUS, as well as several unassigned species.


Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged
Long QT Syndrome

A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.


Political Activity
Conservatism
Voting
Political Factors
Decentralization
Politics
Liberalism

Activities concerned with governmental policies, functions, etc.


Endoscopes for visualizing the interior of a joint.


A fistula between the maxillary sinus and the oral cavity.


A gland in males that surrounds the neck of the URINARY BLADDER and the URETHRA. It secretes a substance that liquefies coagulated semen. It is situated in the pelvic cavity behind the lower part of the PUBIC SYMPHYSIS, above the deep layer of the triangular ligament, and rests upon the RECTUM.


Facilities equipped for performing surgery.


gamma-Penicillinase
Penicillinase
Carbenicillinase
beta Lactamase RP4
AER-I beta-Lactamase
beta Lactamase III
Exopenicillinase
beta-Lactamase I
Benzylpenicillinase

A beta-lactamase preferentially cleaving penicillins. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 3.5.2.-.


Pneumococcal Vaccines
Pneumovax
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine
Pnu-Imune Vaccine

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infections with STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.


The mechanical property of material that determines its resistance to force. HARDNESS TESTS measure this property.


Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.


Food Supply
Food Security
Food Insecurity

Access by all in a community at all times to enough nutritious food for an active, healthy life. (from http://www.fns.usda.gov/fsec/ accessed 4/22/2011)


Animal behavior associated with the nest; includes construction, effects of size and material; behavior of the adult during the nesting period and the effect of the nest on the behavior of the young.


A group of water-soluble vitamins, some of which are COENZYMES.


The largest of the three pairs of SALIVARY GLANDS. They lie on the sides of the FACE immediately below and in front of the EAR.


A plant species of the family Apiaceae that contains COUMARINS.


Drugs that bind to nicotinic cholinergic receptors (RECEPTORS, NICOTINIC) and block the actions of acetylcholine or cholinergic agonists. Nicotinic antagonists block synaptic transmission at autonomic ganglia, the skeletal neuromuscular junction, and at central nervous system nicotinic synapses.


A family of LINCOMYCIN-related glycosides that contain a pyrrolidine ring linked via an amide-bond to a pyranose moiety. Individual members of this family are defined by the arrangement of specific constituent groups on the lyncomycin molecule. Many lincosamides are ANTIBIOTICS produced by a variety STREPTOMYCES species.


Inflammation of the OVARY, generally caused by an ascending infection of organisms from the endocervix.


The blood-making organs and tissues, principally the bone marrow and lymph nodes.


The branch of biology dealing with the effect of light on organisms.


The articulation between a metatarsal bone (METATARSAL BONES) and a phalanx.


A plant genus of the family SAPOTACEAE. Latex from bark incisions is processed into GUTTA-PERCHA.


INFLAMMATION of the BREAST, or MAMMARY GLAND.


17 beta-Hydroxy-4-androsten-3-ones. Testosterone derivatives formed by the substitution of one or more hydroxyl groups in any position.


The act or ceremony of putting a corpse into the ground or a vault, or into the sea; or the inurnment of CREMAINS.


Motivational state produced by inconsistencies between simultaneously held cognitions or between a cognition and behavior; e.g., smoking enjoyment and believing smoking is harmful are dissonant.


A subclass of GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS containing one or more sugars within their head group connected directly to a ceramide moiety. They consist of monoglycosyl-, and oligoglycosylsphingoids and monoglycosyl- and oligoglycosylceramides.


Prostatectomy
Prostatectomy, Suprapubic
Prostatectomy, Retropubic

Complete or partial surgical removal of the prostate. Three primary approaches are commonly employed: suprapubic - removal through an incision above the pubis and through the urinary bladder; retropubic - as for suprapubic but without entering the urinary bladder; and transurethral (TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION OF PROSTATE).


Collections of data, obtained from voluntary subjects, that measure the usage rate of methods of CONTRACEPTION; CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; or CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS.


A species of HENIPAVIRUS, closely related to HENDRA VIRUS, which emerged in Peninsular Malaysia in 1998. It causes a severe febrile VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS in humans and also encephalitis and RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS in pigs. Fruit bats (PTEROPUS) are the natural host.


A high molecular weight (220-250 kDa) water-soluble protein which can be extracted from erythrocyte ghosts in low ionic strength buffers. The protein contains no lipids or carbohydrates, is the predominant species of peripheral erythrocyte membrane proteins, and exists as a fibrous coating on the inner, cytoplasmic surface of the membrane.


A family of enzymes that catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA. It includes EC 3.1.26.-, EC 3.1.27.-, EC 3.1.30.-, and EC 3.1.31.-.


The folding of an organism's DNA molecule into a compact, orderly structure that fits within the limited space of a CELL or VIRUS PARTICLE.


A group of related mycotoxins produced by the pasture fungus Pithomyces chartarum (formerly Sporidesmium bakeri); causes liver damage and facial eczema in cattle and sheep.


Elongated FIBROBLASTS and fibrocytes that lie between the collagen fibers and form the TENDON proper.


Hygrophila Ruellia Hypoestes Thunbergia Acanthus Acanthaceae

A plant genus of the family ACANTHACEAE. Delta 6 Hexadecenoic acid (16:1 delta 6) composes 3/4 of the seed oil. Iridoid glycosides, isounedoside and grandifloric acid have been isolated.


Collection of air and blood in the pleural cavity.


A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the TIBIAL NERVE and the PERONEAL NERVE.


A family of gram-negative coccoid to rod-shaped bacteria in the order Rhizobiales. They are obligate parasites chiefly of warm-blooded VERTEBRATES. Many are pathogenic.


Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)


Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force.


Astatine. A radioactive halogen with the atomic symbol At, and atomic number 85. Its isotopes range in mass number from 200 to 219 and all have an extremely short half-life. Astatine may be of use in the treatment of hyperthyroidism because it emits ALPHA PARTICLES.


Inorganic compounds that contain gold as an integral part of the molecule.


A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain wedelolactone.


Articles of cloth, usually cotton or rayon and other synthetic or cotton-blend fabrics, used in households, hospitals, physicians' examining rooms, nursing homes, etc., for sheets, pillow cases, toweling, gowns, drapes, and the like.


The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.


A species of gram-negative bacteria transmitted by the flea Ctenocephalides felis, and known to infect CATS, oppossums, and humans.


Compounds consisting of benzene rings linked to each other in either ortho, meta or para positions. Permitted are any substitutions, but ring fusion to any of the benzene rings is not allowed.


An ENVIRONMENT which falls outside the range of tolerance for the survival of organisms that are not specifically adapted to survive or thrive in it. Examples of such environments are among the hottest and coldest places on earth.


A hard granular material that is a component of soil. It is composed of very small pieces (between 0.06 and 2.0 millimeters in diameter) of disintegrating rock.


A subfamily of New World monkeys in the family CEBIDAE. They inhabit the forests of South and Central America and comprise members of the genus CEBUS.


Any blood or formed element especially in invertebrates.


Endoscopes for examining the interior of the larynx.


The use of insects and related arthropods that inhabit decomposing corpses or remains in the conduct of medico-legal or medico-criminal investigations.


An acid which is found in cinchona bark and elsewhere in plants. (From Stedman, 26th ed)


Facilities and Services Utilization
Services Utilization
Facilities Utilization

Extent of use of facilities or services. It includes overuse and underuse.


Postcommissurotomy Syndrome
Postpericardiotomy Syndrome

A nonspecific hypersensitivity reaction caused by TRAUMA to the PERICARDIUM, often following PERICARDIOTOMY. It is characterized by PERICARDIAL EFFUSION; high titers of anti-heart antibodies; low-grade FEVER; LETHARGY; loss of APPETITE; or ABDOMINAL PAIN.


A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.


Paxillin is a signal transducing adaptor protein that localizes to FOCAL ADHESIONS via its four LIM domains. It undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION in response to integrin-mediated CELL ADHESION, and interacts with a variety of proteins including VINCULIN; FOCAL ADHESION KINASE; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN PP60(C-SRC); and PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN C-CRK.


A group of cells identified on FLOW CYTOMETRY profiles as distinct from the main group of cells by their ability to extrude the fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342, often a characteristic property of less differentiated progenitor and STEM CELLS.


A cyclin B subtype that colocalizes with MICROTUBULES during INTERPHASE and is transported into the CELL NUCLEUS at the end of the G2 PHASE.


Blood tests that are used to evaluate how well a patient's liver is working and also to help diagnose liver conditions.


Partial or complete blockage in any part of the URETHRA that can lead to difficulty or inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER. It is characterized by an enlarged, often damaged, bladder with frequent urges to void.


A genus of gram-negative bacteria widely distributed in fresh water as well as marine and hypersaline habitats.


Practice Management Services, Veterinary

The organization and operation of the business aspects of a veterinary practice.


Organelles in CHROMAFFIN CELLS located in the adrenal glands and various other organs. These granules are the site of the synthesis, storage, metabolism, and secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE.


Practices involved in preventing the transmission of diseases by hand.


A listing of established professional service charges, for specified dental and medical procedures.


Continuous sequential changes which occur in the physiological and psychological functions during the life-time of an individual.


Cordyceps sinensis
Cordyceps militaris
Cordyceps

A species frequently used in Chinese medicine.


Accumulation of watery fluid in the cavity of a joint. (Dorland, 27th ed)


Large natural streams of FRESH WATER formed by converging tributaries and which empty into a body of water (lake or ocean).


The natural bactericidal property of BLOOD due to normally occurring antibacterial substances such as beta lysin, leukin, etc. This activity needs to be distinguished from the bactericidal activity contained in a patient's serum as a result of antimicrobial therapy, which is measured by a SERUM BACTERICIDAL TEST.


Recording of nystagmus based on changes in the electrical field surrounding the eye produced by the difference in potential between the cornea and the retina.


Colloids with liquid continuous phase and solid dispersed phase; the term is used loosely also for solid-in-gas (AEROSOLS) and other colloidal systems; water-insoluble drugs may be given as suspensions.


The study of methods to promote the adoption and integration of evidence-based practices, interventions and policies into routine health care and public health settings.


Derivatives of PYRIDINE containing a cation C5H5NH or radical C5H6N.


Inflammation that is characterized by swollen, pale, and painful limb. It is usually caused by DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS in a FEMORAL VEIN, following PARTURITION or an illness. This condition is also called milk leg or white leg.


Infection of animals, including fish and man, with a developmental stage of Diphyllobothrium. This stage has recently been referred to as a plerocercoid but the name sparganum has persisted. Therefore, infection of fish or other animals with the plerocercoid larvae is sparganosis. Fish-eating mammals, including man, are the final hosts.


A plant species of the family CARYOPHYLLACEAE. It is a source of SAPONINS. The common name "Soapwort" is also used with VACCARIA. The common name of "Bouncing Bet" is occasionally used with VIOLA.


A genus of parasitic flagellate EUKARYOTES distinguished by the presence of four anterior flagella, an undulating membrane, and a trailing flagellum.


Any mixture of secondary, tertiary, or quaternary protein molecules which appear as clumps in or outside the cell.


The technology of transmitting light over long distances through strands of glass or other transparent material.


A genus of anaerobic, rod-shaped METHANOBACTERIACEAE. Its organisms are nonmotile and use ammonia as the sole source of nitrogen. These methanogens are found in aquatic sediments, soil, sewage, and the gastrointestinal tract of animals.


The period of recovery following an illness.


The mechanisms by which a cell becomes internalized in another. The host cell may engulf another as do PHAGOCYTIC CELLS, or the host cell may be invaded by another cell (ENTOSIS), or internalization processes may involve the cooperation of both the host cell and the cell being internalized. Viable cells may remain in non-phagocytic cells (EMPERIPOLESIS), undergo cell division, pass through and then out of the host cell (TRANSCELLULAR CELL MIGRATION), or trigger APOPTOSIS of the invaded cell.


Works about cards on which a message may be written or printed for mailing without an envelope.


Method of making images on a sensitized surface by exposure to light or other radiant energy.


A protein complex of actin and MYOSINS occurring in muscle. It is the essential contractile substance of muscle.


A genus of FUNGI, in the family Thelohaniidae, a parasite of red imported fire ants, MOSQUITOES, and other organisms.


A serine-threonine kinase which plays an important role in the regulation of electrolyte homeostasis, cell signaling, survival, and proliferation. It functions as an activator and inhibitor of sodium-coupled chloride co-transporters and as an inhibitor of potassium-coupled chloride co-transporters. Mutations in the WNK1 gene are associated with type 2C PSEUDOHYPOALDOSTERONISM and type 2A HEREDITARY SENSORY AND AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHIES.


Processes that include acquiring, validating, storing, protecting, and processing data to ensure accessibility, reliability, and timeliness for users.


Deformities of the hand, or a part of the hand, acquired after birth as the result of injury or disease.


Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS.


Amount paid to purchase individual volumes or set from a bookseller.


Acquired or learned responses which are regularly manifested.


A scale that assesses the response to stimuli in patients with craniocerebral injuries. The parameters are eye opening, motor response, and verbal response.


A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.


A genus of small beetles of the family Tenebrionidae; T. confusum is the "confused flour beetle".


A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic rod- to coccobacillus-shaped bacteria that occurs in a broad spectrum of habitats.


A plant genus of the family MELIACEAE. Members contain meliavolkinin, melianin C and limonoids.


A form of acupuncture with electrical impulses passing through the needles to stimulate NERVE TISSUE. It can be used for ANALGESIA; ANESTHESIA; REHABILITATION; and treatment for diseases.


Alkenyl Ether Phospholipids
Plasmalogens
Phosphatidal Compounds

GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS in which one of the two acyl chains is attached to glycerol with an ether alkenyl linkage instead of an ester as with the other glycerophospholipids.


Cyst-like space not lined by EPITHELIUM and contained within the PANCREAS. Pancreatic pseudocysts account for most of the cystic collections in the pancreas and are often associated with chronic PANCREATITIS.


A type of stress exerted uniformly in all directions. Its measure is the force exerted per unit area. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)


A ceramidase subtype that is active at alkaline pH. It is found at high levels within the SMALL INTESTINE.


The portion of the crystalline lens surrounding the nucleus and bound anteriorly by the epithelium and posteriorly by the capsule. It contains lens fibers and amorphous, intercellular substance.


Vaccines using VIROSOMES as the antigen delivery system that stimulates the desired immune response.


A genus of gram-positive, endospore-forming, thermophilic bacteria in the family BACILLACEAE.


A multifactorial disease of CATTLE resulting from complex interactions between environmental factors, host factors, and pathogens. The environmental factors act as stressors adversely affecting the IMMUNE SYSTEM and other host defenses and enhancing transmission of infecting agents.


Using MOLECULAR BIOLOGY techniques, such as DNA SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; PULSED-FIELD GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; and DNA FINGERPRINTING, to identify, classify, and compare organisms and their subtypes.


Chemicals that, while not possessing inherent pesticidal activity, nonetheless promote or enhance the effectiveness of other pesticides when combined.


An antibacterial agent that has been used in veterinary practice for treating swine dysentery and enteritis and for promoting growth. However, its use has been prohibited in the UK following reports of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p125)


The functional units of the kidney, consisting of the glomerulus and the attached tubule.


Complex mental function having four distinct phases: (1) memorizing or learning, (2) retention, (3) recall, and (4) recognition. Clinically, it is usually subdivided into immediate, recent, and remote memory.


Nucleotide Mapping
Fingerprints, Nucleotide

Two-dimensional separation and analysis of nucleotides.


An order of GRAM-NEGATIVE OXYGENIC PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA containing CHLOROPHYLL, a and b, but lacking PHYCOBILISOMES (light-harvesting antennae). There are three genera: PROCHLORON; PROCHLOROCOCCUS; and PROCHLOROTHRIX. This order was thought to be the missing link between CYANOBACTERIA and plant CHLOROPLASTS, hence the name.


La Nina
El Nino
El Nino-Southern Oscillation

A climate pattern characterized by unusually warm Pacific Ocean water temperatures.


A situation where one member (allele) of a gene pair is lost (LOSS OF HETEROZYGOSITY) or amplified.


The application of heat to raise the temperature of the environment, ambient or local, or the systems for accomplishing this effect. It is distinguished from HEAT, the physical property and principle of physics.


The complex of political institutions, laws, and customs through which the function of governing is carried out in a specific political unit.


Delivery of nursing services via remote telecommunications.


A system of hand gestures used for communication by the deaf or by people speaking different languages.


The motion of air relative to the earth's surface.


Wires of various dimensions and grades made of stainless steel or precious metal. They are used in orthodontic treatment.


A generic name for film produced from wood pulp by the viscose process. It is a thin, transparent sheeting of regenerated cellulose, moisture-proof and sometimes dyed, and used chiefly as food wrapping or as bags for dialysis. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)


Nucleosides in which the base moiety is substituted with one or more sulfur atoms.


Disturbances considered to be pathological based on age and stage appropriateness, e.g., conduct disturbances and anaclitic depression. This concept does not include psychoneuroses, psychoses, or personality disorders with fixed patterns.


A mitosporic fungal genus. Teleomorphs are found in the family Clavicipitaceae and include Cordyceps bassiana. The species Beauveria bassiana is a common pathogen of ARTHROPODS and is used in PEST CONTROL.


Incision into the side of the abdomen between the ribs and pelvis.


Cholestadiene derivatives containing a hydroxy group anywhere in the molecule.


A spirostan found in DIOSCOREA and other plants. The 25S isomer is called yamogenin. Solasodine is a natural derivative formed by replacing the spiro-ring with a nitrogen, which can rearrange to SOLANINE.


The process by which blood or its components are kept viable outside of the organism from which they are derived (i.e., kept from decay by means of a chemical agent, cooling, or a fluid substitute that mimics the natural state within the organism).


Components of the extracellular matrix consisting primarily of fibrillin. They are essential for the integrity of elastic fibers.


A plant family of the order Malvales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida.


An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-glycosidic linkages in starch, glycogen, and related polysaccharides and oligosaccharides so as to remove successive beta-maltose units from the non-reducing ends of the chains. EC 3.2.1.2.


A plant genus of the family Celastraceae that contains glyptopetolide (ursane-type triterpene), sclerocarpic acid, (sesquiterpene), hydroxytingenone, isoarborinol and cangoronine (triterpenoids).


The Valerian plant family of the order Dipsacales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida that is characterized by 3-5-lobed tubular flowers, often spurred at the base and clustered in tight heads.


A tribe of gram-negative bacteria of the family RICKETTSIACEAE whose organisms are found in arthropods and are pathogenic for man and certain other vertebrate hosts.


Submicron-sized fibers with diameters typically between 50 and 500 nanometers. The very small dimension of these fibers can generate a high surface area to volume ratio, which makes them potential candidates for various biomedical and other applications.


The interrelationship of religion and sexual practices and beliefs.


Downward displacement of the UTERUS. It is classified in various degrees: in the first degree the UTERINE CERVIX is within the vaginal orifice; in the second degree the cervix is outside the orifice; in the third degree the entire uterus is outside the orifice.


Mucus-secreting glands situated on the posterior and lateral aspect of the vestibule of the vagina.


Onset of HYPERREFLEXIA; SEIZURES; or COMA in a previously diagnosed pre-eclamptic patient (PRE-ECLAMPSIA).


A family of RNA plant viruses with a wide host range in crops and horticultural species. All viruses are readily transmitted by mechanical means and some by insects and pollen. The genera include: ALFAMOVIRUS; BROMOVIRUS; CUCUMOVIRUS; ILARVIRUS; and OLEAVIRUS.


Sesquiterpenes, Guaiane
Sesquiterpenes, Guaianolide

SESQUITERPENES cyclized into two adjoining rings, one being 7-carbons and the other is 5-carbons.


A plant genus of the family APOCYNACEAE. Members contain voacangine and other INDOLES.


c-Kit positive cells related to SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS that are intercalated between the autonomic nerves and the effector smooth muscle cells of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Different phenotypic classes play roles as pacemakers, mediators of neural inputs, and mechanosensors.


Serum globulins with high molecular weight. (Dorland, 28th ed)


The process whereby auditory stimuli are selected, organized, and interpreted by the organism.


A genus of the family Chinchillidae which consists of three species: C. brevicaudata, C. lanigera, and C. villidera. They are used extensively in biomedical research.


A species of gram-negative, obligately aerobic rods. Motility occurs by peritrichous flagella. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)


Animals grouped according to ecological, morphological or genetic populations.


Fracture in the proximal half of the shaft of the ulna, with dislocation of the head of the radius.


A genus of protozoa, formerly also considered a fungus. Its natural habitat is decaying forest leaves, where it feeds on bacteria. D. discoideum is the best-known species and is widely used in biomedical research.


Thiobacillus
Thiobacillus denitrificans
Thiobacillus thioparus

A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that derives energy from the oxidation of one or more reduced sulfur compounds. Many former species have been reclassified to other classes of PROTEOBACTERIA.


A superfamily of nematodes of the order SPIRURIDA. Members possess a filiform body and a mouth surrounded by papillae.


A species of Pediococcus that occurs in FERMENTED FOODS AND BEVERAGES where its ability to produce LACTIC ACID and PEDIOCINS makes it useful in FOOD PRESERVATION. It is also used as a PROBIOTIC.


Bovine parvovirus
Canine minute virus
Bocavirus

A genus in the subfamily PARVOVIRINAE comprising three species: Bovine parvovirus, Canine minute virus, and HUMAN BOCAVIRUS.


Healthy People 2010
Healthy People 2000
Healthy People Programs
Healthy People 2020

Healthy People Programs are a set of health objectives to be used by governments, communities, professional organizations, and others to help develop programs to improve health. It builds on initiatives pursued over the past two decades beginning with the 1979 Surgeon General's Report, Healthy People, Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives, and Healthy People 2010. These established national health objectives and served as the basis for the development of state and community plans. These are administered by the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (ODPHP). Similar programs are conducted by other national governments.


Carbon-containing dithiophosphonic acid compounds. Included under this heading are compounds that have carbon bound to either SULFUR atom, PHOSPHOROUS atom, or the OXYGEN atom of the S2PO core structure.


A genus of PSYCHODIDAE which functions as the vector of a number of pathogenic organisms, including LEISHMANIA DONOVANI; LEISHMANIA TROPICA; Bartonella bacilliformis, and the Pappataci fever virus (SANDFLY FEVER NAPLES VIRUS).


Paired respiratory organs of fishes and some amphibians that are analogous to lungs. They are richly supplied with blood vessels by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged directly with the environment.


A protective layer of firm, flexible cartilage over the articulating ends of bones. It provides a smooth surface for joint movement, protecting the ends of long bones from wear at points of contact.


Radioactive substances added in minute amounts to the reacting elements or compounds in a chemical process and traced through the process by appropriate detection methods, e.g., Geiger counter. Compounds containing tracers are often said to be tagged or labeled. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)


Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent or treat ALZHEIMER DISEASE.


Volative flammable fuel (liquid hydrocarbons) derived from crude petroleum by processes such as distillation reforming, polymerization, etc.


An operation to remobilize the footplate of the stapes to relieve conductive hearing impairment caused by its immobilization through otosclerosis or middle ear disease. (Stedman, 26th ed)


A breach in the continuity of the posterior chamber of the eyeball.


The mechanism, in peripheral lymphoid organs (LYMPH NODES; SPLEEN; TONSILS; and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue), that prevents mature lymphocytes from reacting to SELF-ANTIGENS. This is accomplished through a variety of means including CLONAL ANERGY and CLONAL DELETION.


Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics.


The type species of gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria of the genus DESULFOVIBRIO. It is found in FRESHWATER; SOIL, and in marine or brackish water.


The long cylindrical contractile organelles of STRIATED MUSCLE cells composed of ACTIN FILAMENTS; MYOSIN filaments; and other proteins organized in arrays of repeating units called SARCOMERES .


A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE that contains PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS. Yellow vein disease of Ageratum is caused by a viral DNA complex of a begomovirus (GEMINIVIRIDAE).


A process of waste disposal involving the conversion of green waste (i.e. leaves, organic matter, food waste, manure) into soil-enhancing matter.


A form of ACTINOMYCOSIS characterized by slow-growing inflammatory lesions of the lymph nodes that drain the mouth (lumpy jaw), reddening of the overlying skin, and intraperitoneal abscesses.


The field devoted in Informatics from multiple consumer or patient views.


Substances or mixtures that are added to the soil to supply nutrients or to make available nutrients already present in the soil, in order to increase plant growth and productivity.


Systematic study of the body and the use of its static and dynamic position as a means of communication.


A genus in the family NANOVIRIDAE infecting bananas. The type species is Banana bunchy top virus.


A species of Bifidobacterium that occurs in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT of mammals and healthy humans from birth until late adulthood. It produces ANTI-VIRAL AGENTS and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS and is used as a PROBIOTIC.


A plant family of the order Geraniales (or Ericales in APG system), subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida.


A family of biologically active compounds derived from arachidonic acid by oxidative metabolism through the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. They participate in host defense reactions and pathophysiological conditions such as immediate hypersensitivity and inflammation. They have potent actions on many essential organs and systems, including the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and central nervous system as well as the gastrointestinal tract and the immune system.


Infections caused by arthropod-borne viruses, general or unspecified.


The application of an unpleasant stimulus or penalty for the purpose of eliminating or correcting undesirable behavior.


Hormones produced by the GONADS, including both steroid and peptide hormones. The major steroid hormones include ESTRADIOL and PROGESTERONE from the OVARY, and TESTOSTERONE from the TESTIS. The major peptide hormones include ACTIVINS and INHIBINS.


Walking aids generally having two handgrips and four legs.


One of the three ossicles of the middle ear. It transmits sound vibrations from the INCUS to the internal ear (Ear, Internal see LABYRINTH).


A genus of parasitic nematodes found in the peritoneal cavity of wild or domestic cattle or equines.


A subdiscipline of PHARMACOGENETICS using GENOMICS and PROTEOMICS methodology to study genetic variability of responses to drugs and drug metabolism (BIOTRANSFORMATION).


Tablets coated with material that delays release of the medication until after they leave the stomach. (Dorland, 28th ed)


Interior Design and Furnishings
Furniture
Interior Design
Interior Furnishings

The planning of the furnishings and decorations of an architectural interior.


The developmental history of specific differentiated cell types as traced back to the original STEM CELLS in the embryo.


The interference in synthesis of an enzyme due to the elevated level of an effector substance, usually a metabolite, whose presence would cause depression of the gene responsible for enzyme synthesis.


Unstable isotopes of copper that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Cu atoms with atomic weights 58-62, 64, and 66-68 are radioactive copper isotopes.


Devices that help people with impaired sensory responses.


Coltivirus
Eyach virus
Banna virus
Kadipiro virus

A genus of REOVIRIDAE infecting Ixodidae ticks and transmitted by them to humans, deer, and small animals. The type species is COLORADO TICK FEVER VIRUS.


A plant family of the order Laurales, subclass Magnoliidae, class Magnoliopsida. Members contain cytotoxic furofuran LIGNANS and isoquinoline ALKALOIDS.


Large, branched, specialized sweat glands that empty into the upper portion of a HAIR FOLLICLE instead of directly onto the SKIN.


Psychosocial Support Systems
Psychological Support System
Social Support System

Organized efforts to address ongoing psychological and social problems of individuals, their partners, families and caregivers.


Invanz
Invanoz
Ertapenem Sodium
Ertapenem

A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections including intra-abdominal infections, acute gynecological infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is also used to prevent infection in colorectal surgery.


The provision of monetary resources including money or capital and credit; obtaining or furnishing money or capital for a purchase or enterprise and the funds so obtained. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed.)


Use of HIRUDINS as an anticoagulant in the treatment of cardiological and hematological disorders.


Method for obtaining information through verbal responses, written or oral, from subjects.


Expressing unconscious emotional conflicts or feelings, often of hostility or love, through overt behavior.


Processes by which minerals such as calcium, magnesium, and certain metal cations are removed from hard water, making it more compatible with soap and safer on appliances and  plumbing.


The outermost extra-embryonic membrane surrounding the developing embryo. In REPTILES and BIRDS, it adheres to the shell and allows exchange of gases between the egg and its environment. In MAMMALS, the chorion evolves into the fetal contribution of the PLACENTA.


The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)


A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia characterized by an extremely rapid, hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia (150-300 beats/min) with a large oscillating sine-wave appearance. If untreated, ventricular flutter typically progresses to VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION.


The probability that an event will occur. It encompasses a variety of measures of the probability of a generally unfavorable outcome.


Objects of precious metal usually containing gems and worn to enhance personal appearance. Health concerns include possible contamination from lead content or bacteria.


Cell Migration Assays
Cell Motility Assays

Specific assays that measure the migration of cells. They are commonly used to measure the migration of immune cells in response to stimuli and the inhibition of immune cell migration by immunosuppressive factors.


The large pigment cells of fish, amphibia, reptiles and many invertebrates which actively disperse and aggregate their pigment granules. These cells include MELANOPHORES, erythrophores, xanthophores, leucophores and iridiophores. (In algae, chromatophores refer to CHLOROPLASTS. In phototrophic bacteria chromatophores refer to membranous organelles (BACTERIAL CHROMATOPHORES).)


A genus of fungi in the family Coriolaceae.


Weather event lasting 3 hours or more, with sustained winds or frequent wind gusts 35 mph or higher, and visibility frequently below 1/4 mile. There is falling snow amd blowing snow or may be blowing snow alone.


A humanized monoclonal antibody and an inhibitor of the RANK LIGAND, which regulates OSTEOCLAST differentiation and bone remodeling. It is used as a BONE DENSITY CONSERVATION AGENT in the treatment of OSTEOPOROSIS.


The part of a denture that overlies the soft tissue and supports the supplied teeth and is supported in turn by abutment teeth or the residual alveolar ridge. It is usually made of resins or metal or their combination.


A potassium salt used to replenish ELECTROLYTES, for restoration of WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE, as well as a urinary and systemic alkalizer, which can be administered orally or by intravenous infusion. Formerly, it was used in DIURETICS and EXPECTORANTS.


Arteries originating from the subclavian or axillary arteries and distributing to the anterior thoracic wall, mediastinal structures, diaphragm, pectoral muscles, mammary gland and the axillary aspect of the chest wall.


A family of synthetic protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors. They selectively inhibit receptor autophosphorylation and are used to study receptor function.


A family of structurally-related angiogenic proteins of approximately 70 kDa in size. They have high specificity for members of the TIE RECEPTOR FAMILY.


The expected benefits derived from the cooperation between individuals and groups.


A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The common name of wild rye is used with some other grasses.


A contraceptive method whereby coitus is purposely interrupted in order to prevent EJACULATION of SEMEN into the VAGINA.


Spontaneous aggregations of human embryonic stem cells that occur in vitro after culturing in a medium that lacks LEUKEMIC INHIBITORY FACTOR. The embryoid bodies can further differentiate into cells that represent different lineages.


The principle that after an organism learns to respond in a particular manner to a stimulus, that stimulus is effective in eliciting similar responses.


Coracoacromial Arch
Coracoacromial Ligament
Acromioclavicular Joint

The gliding joint formed by the outer extremity of the CLAVICLE and the inner margin of the ACROMION PROCESS of the SCAPULA.


A cluster of convoluted capillaries beginning at each nephric tubule in the kidney and held together by connective tissue.


A sucrose polymer of high molecular weight.


Veins in the neck which drain the brain, face, and neck into the brachiocephalic or subclavian veins.


Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)


Processes or methods of reimbursement for services rendered or equipment.


The genital canal in the female, extending from the UTERUS to the VULVA. (Stedman, 25th ed)


Information relating to the publication, printing, distribution, issue, release, or production of a book.


The therapy of the same disease in a patient, with the same agent or procedure repeated after initial treatment, or with an additional or alternate measure or follow-up. It does not include therapy which requires more than one administration of a therapeutic agent or regimen. Retreatment is often used with reference to a different modality when the original one was inadequate, harmful, or unsuccessful.


The physical space or dimensions of a facility. Size may be indicated by bed capacity.


Prolonged shortening of the muscle or other soft tissue around a joint, preventing movement of the joint.


Excessive growth of the gingiva either by an increase in the size of the constituent cells (GINGIVAL HYPERTROPHY) or by an increase in their number (GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA). (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p574)


Gram-negative aerobic rods found in warm water (40-79 degrees C) such as hot springs, hot water tanks, and thermally polluted rivers.


Specialized clothing or equipment worn for protection against health hazards. Personal Protective Equipment may include MASKS; RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE DEVICES; HEAD PROTECTIVE DEVICES; EYE PROTECTIVE DEVICES; EAR PROTECTIVE DEVICES; PROTECTIVE CLOTHING; and protective footwear.


Four-carbon alkanes with the formula C4H10.


An abnormal anatomical passage between the RECTUM and the VAGINA.


Inhibitors of HIV PROTEASE, an enzyme required for production of proteins needed for viral assembly.


Nutrition Therapy
Medical Nutrition Therapy

A medically prescribed nutrition goal for patients, generally individualized. This approach is based on the coordinated efforts of physicians, dietitians, educators, and the patients. It includes patient assessment, specific nutrition requirements, patient education, and TREATMENT OUTCOME monitoring.


Practice of a health profession by an individual, offering services on a person-to-person basis, as opposed to group or partnership practice.