A form-genus of filamentous CYANOBACTERIA in the order Nostocales. Its members can be planktonic or benthic and the trichomes are composed of disc-shaped vegetative cells.


An involuntary deep INHALATION with the MOUTH open, often accompanied by the act of stretching.


The third stomach of ruminants, situated on the right side of the abdomen at a higher level than the fourth stomach and between this latter and the second stomach, with both of which it communicates. From its inner surface project large numbers of leaves or folia, each of which possesses roughened surfaces. In the center of each folium is a band of muscle fibers which produces a rasping movement of the leaf when it contracts. One leaf rubs against those on either side of it, and large particles of food material are ground down between the rough surfaces, preparatory to further digestion in the succeeding parts of the alimentary canal. (Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 17th ed)


The muscular membranous segment between the PHARYNX and the STOMACH in the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.


Professionals trained to help individuals develop or regain skills needed to achieve independence in their lives.


A plant genus of the family STYRACACEAE. Sap of these Asian trees are a source of a balsam (BALSAMS). This styrax balsam is 3/4 coniferyl benzoate, 1/8 free BENZOIC ACID, along with benzyl cinnamate, vanillin, and TRITERPENES.


Inorganic compounds that contain fluorine as an integral part of the molecule.


A genus of velvety smooth SPONGES in the family Suberitidae, characterized by the ectosomal and choanosomal skeletons dominated by tylostyles (pin-like spicules with a pinched bulbous end).


A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.


Inorganic salts or organic esters of arsenious acid.


Purine bases found in body tissues and fluids and in some plants.


Antinematodal agent used mainly for livestock.


Traffic in women and children, in particular for the purpose of sexual exploitation.


A substance that makes particles (such as bacteria or cells) stick together to form a clump or a mass.


Crotoxin
Crotapotin
Crotoxin A
Crotoxin B

A specific complex of toxic proteins from the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus (South American rattlesnake). It can be separated into a phospholipase A and crotapotin fragment; the latter consists of three different amino acid chains, potentiates the enzyme, and is specifically neurotoxic.


Theoretical construct used in applied mathematics to analyze certain situations in which there is an interplay between parties that may have similar, opposed, or mixed interests. In a typical game, decision-making "players," who each have their own goals, try to gain advantage over the other parties by anticipating each other's decisions; the game is finally resolved as a consequence of the players' decisions.


Six-membered heterocycles containing an oxygen and a nitrogen.


A system of universal human blood group isoantigens with many associated subgroups. The M and N traits are codominant and the S and s traits are probably very closely linked alleles, including the U antigen. This system is most frequently used in paternity studies.


Delayed Childbearing
Voluntary Childlessness
Reproductive Behavior

Human behavior or decision related to REPRODUCTION.


A subspecialty of internal medicine concerned with the study of the physiology and diseases of the digestive system and related structures (esophagus, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas).


The transfer of information from experts in the medical and public health fields to patients and the public. The study and use of communication strategies to inform and influence individual and community decisions that enhance health.


The network of channels formed at the termination of the straight SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES in the mediastinum testis. Rete testis channels drain into the efferent ductules that pass into the caput EPIDIDYMIS.


Flat keratinous structures found on the skin surface of birds. Feathers are made partly of a hollow shaft fringed with barbs. They constitute the plumage.


An act of employing sorcery (the use of power gained from the assistance or control of spirits), especially with malevolent intent, and the exercise of supernatural powers and alleged intercourse with the devil or a familiar. (From Webster, 3d ed)


Field of medicine concerned with the determination of causes, incidence, and characteristic behavior of disease outbreaks affecting human populations. It includes the interrelationships of host, agent, and environment as related to the distribution and control of disease.


Beverages that contain stimulants such as a combination of CAFFEINE with other substances such as VITAMINS; AMINO ACIDS; and sugar or sugar derivatives.


Meprobamate
Miltown
Meprospan
Visano
Dapaz
Méprobamate Richard
Equanil
Tranmep

A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)


The formation of a solid in a solution as a result of a chemical reaction or the aggregation of soluble substances into complexes large enough to fall out of solution.


The ability to learn and to deal with new situations and to deal effectively with tasks involving abstractions.


Cyclodialysis Clefts
Persistent Cyclodialysis Clefts
Traumatic Cyclodialysis

Finding of a separation of the CILIARY BODY in the SCLERAL SPUR region, creating aqueous outflow from the ANTERIOR CHAMBER into suprachoroidal space between the CHOROID and the SCLERA. Persistent cyclodialysis clefts may be associated with OCULAR HYPOTENSION and OPTIC DISC EDEMA.


Carbonic acid (H2C03). The hypothetical acid of carbon dioxide and water. It exists only in the form of its salts (carbonates), acid salts (hydrogen carbonates), amines (carbamic acid), and acid chlorides (carbonyl chloride). (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)


Mitochondrial Trifunctional Protein, beta Subunit

The beta subunit of mitochondrial trifunctional protein that contains acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase activity. There are four of these beta subunits in each trifunctional protein complex.


Negative ions or salts derived from bromic acid, HBrO3.


A condition characterized by calcification of the renal tissue itself. It is usually seen in distal RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS with calcium deposition in the DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULES and the surrounding interstitium. Nephrocalcinosis causes RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.


A group of enzymes catalyzing the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA. They include members of EC 3.1.21.-, EC 3.1.22.-, EC 3.1.23.- (DNA RESTRICTION ENZYMES), EC 3.1.24.- (DNA RESTRICTION ENZYMES), and EC 3.1.25.-.


A primitive form of digestive gland found in marine ARTHROPODS, that contains cells similar to those found in the mammalian liver (HEPATOCYTES), and the PANCREAS.


Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.


A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, spherical cells usually occurring in pairs. The resting stage is considered a cyst. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)


A species of gram-negative bacteria that grows preferentially in the vacuoles of the host cell. It is the etiological agent of Q FEVER.


The processes of RNA tertiary structure formation.


An eating disorder that is characterized by the lack or loss of APPETITE, known as ANOREXIA. Other features include excess fear of becoming OVERWEIGHT; BODY IMAGE disturbance; significant WEIGHT LOSS; refusal to maintain minimal normal weight; and AMENORRHEA. This disorder occurs most frequently in adolescent females. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)


Multiple ring heterocyclic compounds containing two or more rings that share two atoms and one bond in common.


A layer of epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels (ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR), lymph vessels (ENDOTHELIUM, LYMPHATIC), and the serous cavities of the body.


These metabolites of THYROXINE are formed by the deiodination of T3 or reverse T3.


A bone tumor composed of cellular spindle-cell stroma containing scattered multinucleated giant cells resembling osteoclasts. The tumors range from benign to frankly malignant lesions. The tumor occurs most frequently in an end of a long tubular bone in young adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)


Change in position or alignment in response to an external stimulus.


A chronic bacterial infection of major folds of the skin, caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum.


A plant genus of the family Pteridaceae. Members contain TRITERPENES. Some species in this genus are called maidenhair fern which is also a common name occasionally used for Lygodium (FERNS) and POLYPODIUM.


A genus of the family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE (subfamily PARAMYXOVIRINAE) where all the species have hemagglutinin and neuraminidase activities but lack a C protein. MUMPS VIRUS is the type species.


Natural and man-made environments and their impact on public health.


A historical and cultural entity dispersed across a wide geographical area under the political domination and influence of ancient Rome, bringing to the conquered people the Roman civilization and culture from 753 B.C. to the beginning of the imperial rule under Augustus in 27 B.C. The early city built on seven hills grew to conquer Sicily, Sardinia, Carthage, Gaul, Spain, Britain, Greece, Asia Minor, etc., and extended ultimately from Mesopotamia to the Atlantic. Roman medicine was almost entirely in Greek hands, but Rome, with its superior water system, remains a model of sanitation and hygiene. (From A. Castiglioni, A History of Medicine, 2d ed pp196-99; from F. H. Garrison, An Introduction to the History of Medicine, 4th ed, pp107-120)


QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS based on PHENYLAMINES with the general formula phenyl-N+R3.


A mixed mesenchymal tumor composed of two or more mesodermal cellular elements not commonly associated, not counting fibrous tissue as one of the elements. Mesenchymomas are widely distributed in the body and about 75% are malignant. (Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1866)


An early embryonic developmental process of CHORDATES that is characterized by morphogenic movements of ECTODERM resulting in the formation of the NEURAL PLATE; the NEURAL CREST; and the NEURAL TUBE. Improper closure of the NEURAL GROOVE results in congenital NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS.


Hydrolysate of DNA in which purine bases have been removed.


A genus of facultatively anaerobic coccoid ARCHAEA, in the family SULFOLOBACEAE. Cells are highly irregular in shape and thermoacidophilic. Lithotrophic growth occurs aerobically via sulfur oxidation in some species. Distribution includes solfataric springs and fields, mudholes, and geothermically heated acidic marine environments.


Organelles in which the splicing and excision reactions that remove introns from precursor messenger RNA molecules occur. One component of a spliceosome is five small nuclear RNA molecules (U1, U2, U4, U5, U6) that, working in conjunction with proteins, help to fold pieces of RNA into the right shapes and later splice them into the message.


Research that involves the application of the behavioral and social sciences to the study of the actions or reactions of persons or animals in response to external or internal stimuli. (from American Heritage Dictionary, 4th ed)


Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.


Selection for Treatment
Patient Recruitment
Selection Criteria
Research Subject Recruitment
Research Subject Selection
Patient Selection
Selection of Subjects
Selection of Research Volunteers

Criteria or standards used for the determination of the appropriateness of the inclusion of subjects in clinical trials and other research protocols.


Species in the family Monascaceae. M. purpureus is grown on cooked non-glutinous rice, producing a fermentation by-product known as red yeast rice. Red yeast rice contains a compound related to the statins that has been shown to reduce cholesterol levels.


An enzyme in the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway. EC 4.1.1.48.


The physical or physiological processes by which substances, tissue, cells, etc. take up or take in other substances or energy.


An order of anaerobic, highly specialized methanogens, in the kingdom EURYARCHAEOTA. Its organisms are nonmotile or motile, with cells occurring as coccoid bodies, pseudosarcina, or rods. Families include METHANOMICROBIACEAE, Methanocorpusculaceae, and Methanospirillaceae.


Forms of energy that are constantly and rapidly renewed by natural processes such as solar, ocean wave, and wind energy. (from McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)


A paralytic condition of the legs caused by ingestion of lathyrogens, especially BETA-AMINOPROPIONITRILE or beta-N-oxalyl amino-L-alanine, which are found in the seeds of plants of the genus LATHYRUS.


A system using beamed and reflected radio signals to and from an object in such a way that range, bearing, and other characteristics of the object may be determined.


Iraq War, 2003-2011
Operation New Dawn
OIF OND
Operation Iraqi Freedom

Abbreviations of monikers for US military interventions in IRAQ, namely, Operation IRAQI Freedom (OIF) and Operation New Dawn (OND).


Diethylamine with the formula CH3CH2NHCH2CH3 and its derivatives.


The glyceryl esters of a fatty acid, or of a mixture of fatty acids. They are generally odorless, colorless, and tasteless if pure, but they may be flavored according to origin. Fats are insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents. They occur in animal and vegetable tissue and are generally obtained by boiling or by extraction under pressure. They are important in the diet (DIETARY FATS) as a source of energy. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)


Surgical procedure to widen a woman's pelvis during childbirth.


The metabolic substances ACETONE; 3-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID; and acetoacetic acid (ACETOACETATES). They are produced in the liver and kidney during FATTY ACIDS oxidation and used as a source of energy by the heart, muscle and brain.


Procedures for recognizing individual animals and certain identifiable characteristics pertaining to them; includes computerized methods, ear tags, etc.


The theory that there is a morally relevant distinction between humans and nonhuman species. (Bioethics Thesaurus)


Enzymes that are involved in the reconstruction of a continuous two-stranded DNA molecule without mismatch from a molecule, which contained damaged regions.


A by-product of the destructive distillation of coal used as a topical antieczematic. It is an antipruritic and keratoplastic agent used also in the treatment of psoriasis and other skin conditions. Occupational exposure to soots, tars, and certain mineral oils is known to be carcinogenic according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985) (Merck Index, 11th ed).


A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria occurring in soil and water. Its organisms are generally nonpathogenic, but some species do cause infections of mammals, including humans.


The measure of all the exposures of an individual from all sources, including environmental and occupational sources, in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health. (from https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/exposome/ on 06/06/2019)


A reduction in the amount of air entering the pulmonary alveoli.


The inner germ layer of a BLASTOCYST or BLASTULA, precursor of endoderm.


A species of parasitic nematodes widely distributed throughout central Africa and also found in northern South America, southern Mexico, and Guatemala. Its intermediate host and vector is the blackfly or buffalo gnat.


Property of membranes and other structures to permit passage of light, heat, gases, liquids, metabolites, and mineral ions.


Absence of the crystalline lens resulting from cataract extraction.


The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).


A group of metabolites derived from THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE via the peripheral enzymatic removal of iodines from the thyroxine nucleus. Thyronine is the thyroxine nucleus devoid of its four iodine atoms.


A condition or factor associated with a recipient that makes the use of a procedure improper or inadvisable.


The study of crime and criminals with special reference to the personality factors and social conditions leading toward, or away from crime.


The process by which the nature and meaning of sensory stimuli are recognized and interpreted.


The phase of cell nucleus division following PROMETAPHASE, in which the CHROMOSOMES line up across the equatorial plane of the SPINDLE APPARATUS prior to separation.


An abnormal increase in the amount of oxygen in the tissues and organs.


The external genitalia of the female. It includes the CLITORIS, the labia, the vestibule, and its glands.


A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to health and disease in a human population within a given geographic area.


The process of accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes over time in individual cells and the effect of the changes on CELL PROLIFERATION.


Physicians who specialize in treating ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DISEASES.


Supplying a building or house, their rooms and corridors, with fresh air. The controlling of the environment thus may be in public or domestic sites and in medical or non-medical locales. (From Dorland, 28th ed)


The technique of washing tissue specimens with a concentrated solution of a heavy metal salt and letting it dry. The specimen will be covered with a very thin layer of the metal salt, being excluded in areas where an adsorbed macromolecule is present. The macromolecules allow electrons from the beam of an electron microscope to pass much more readily than the heavy metal; thus, a reversed or negative image of the molecule is created.


Any fluid-filled closed cavity or sac (CYSTS) that is lined by an EPITHELIUM and found in the ESOPHAGUS region.


A cysteine protease that is highly expressed in OSTEOCLASTS and plays an essential role in BONE RESORPTION as a potent EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX-degrading enzyme.


A process whereby representatives of a particular interest group attempt to influence governmental decision makers to accept the policy desires of the lobbying organization.


Viruses whose hosts are in the domain ARCHAEA.


Persistent, unwanted idea or impulse which is considered normal when it does not markedly interfere with mental processes or emotional adjustment.


Proteins covalently modified with UBIQUITINS or UBIQUITIN-LIKE PROTEINS.


BTC-2125
Benzalkonium
Drapolene
Germex
Benzalkonium Compounds
Alkyldimethylbenzylammonium Chloride
Zephiran
Asepsol
Benzalkonium Chloride
Osvan

A mixture of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium compounds. It is a bactericidal quaternary ammonium detergent used topically in medicaments, deodorants, mouthwashes, as a surgical antiseptic, and as a as preservative and emulsifier in drugs and cosmetics.


Traumatic or experimentally induced separation of the head from the body in an animal or human.


A broad category of proteins involved in the formation, transport and dissolution of TRANSPORT VESICLES. They play a role in the intracellular transport of molecules contained within membrane vesicles. Vesicular transport proteins are distinguished from MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS, which move molecules across membranes, by the mode in which the molecules are transported.


Protein-lipid combinations abundant in brain tissue, but also present in a wide variety of animal and plant tissues. In contrast to lipoproteins, they are insoluble in water, but soluble in a chloroform-methanol mixture. The protein moiety has a high content of hydrophobic amino acids. The associated lipids consist of a mixture of GLYCEROPHOSPHATES; CEREBROSIDES; and SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS; while lipoproteins contain PHOSPHOLIPIDS; CHOLESTEROL; and TRIGLYCERIDES.


Allied medical specialty that studies hearing and hearing impairment.


Thelytoky Arrhenotoky Parthenogenesis Automixis

A unisexual reproduction without the fusion of a male and a female gamete (FERTILIZATION). In parthenogenesis, an individual is formed from an unfertilized OVUM that did not complete MEIOSIS. Parthenogenesis occurs in nature and can be artificially induced.


The bones of the upper and lower ARM. They include the CLAVICLE and SCAPULA.


The comparative and theoretical study of culture, often synonymous with cultural anthropology.


A range of values for a variable of interest, e.g., a rate, constructed so that this range has a specified probability of including the true value of the variable.


Derivatives of the saturated steroid cholestane with methyl groups at C-18 and C-19 and an iso-octyl side chain at C-17.


Unstable isotopes of cobalt that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Co atoms with atomic weights of 54-64, except 59, are radioactive cobalt isotopes.


Drugs considered essential to meet the health needs of a population as well as to control drug costs.


A mitosporic fungal genus including both saprophytes and plant parasites.


The most posterior portion of the hindbrain from which MEDULLA OBLONGATA is derived.


A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria in the family CARDIOBACTERIACEAE. It is found in the nasal flora of humans and causes ENDOCARDITIS.


A widely-expressed cyclin A subtype that functions during the G1/S and G2/M transitions of the CELL CYCLE.


A tiny muscle that arises from the posterior wall of the TYMPANIC CAVITY of MIDDLE EAR with its tendon inserted onto the neck of the STAPES. Stapedius pulls the stapes posteriorly and controls its movement.


A plant genus of the family HIPPOCRATEACEAE.


A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.818, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum.


Criminal activity that occurs in three broad categories. Firstly, cases where traffickers force or deceive the victims into giving up an organ. Secondly, there are cases where victims formally or informally agree to sell an organ and are cheated because they are not paid for the organ or are paid less than the promised price. Thirdly, vulnerable persons are treated for an ailment, which may or may not exist and thereupon organs are removed without the victim's knowledge.


An animal's cleaning and caring for the body surface. This includes preening, the cleaning and oiling of feathers with the bill or of hair with the tongue.


The use of chemical agents in TERRORISM. This includes the malevolent use of nerve agents, blood agents, blister agents, and choking agents (NOXAE).


A benign tumor derived from striated muscle. It is extremely rare, generally occurring in the tongue, neck muscles, larynx, uvula, nasal cavity, axilla, vulva, and heart. These tumors are treated by simple excision. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1354)


Process by which unwanted microbial, plant or animal materials or organisms accumulate on man-made surfaces.


Progressive decline in muscle mass due to aging which results in decreased functional capacity of muscles.


A partial denture constructed before the teeth it replaces are removed. It is then inserted immediately after the removal of the natural teeth for functional and cosmetic reasons during the healing process. It is to be replaced later by the fitted partial denture.


A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.


A biosensing technique in which biomolecules capable of binding to specific analytes or ligands are first immobilized on one side of a metallic film. Light is then focused on the opposite side of the film to excite the surface plasmons, that is, the oscillations of free electrons propagating along the film's surface. The refractive index of light reflecting off this surface is measured. When the immobilized biomolecules are bound by their ligands, an alteration in surface plasmons on the opposite side of the film is created which is directly proportional to the change in bound, or adsorbed, mass. Binding is measured by changes in the refractive index. The technique is used to study biomolecular interactions, such as antigen-antibody binding.


Naphthalene derivatives containing the -CH2CCO2H radical at the 1-position, the 2-position, or both. Compounds are used as plant growth regulators to delay sprouting, exert weed control, thin fruit, etc.


Compounds based on 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide. The '-anil-' part of the name refers to aniline.


Creating marks on a hard surface by incising with a sharp tool. Resulting images are created for their own sake or for printing processes that involve this technique. (Getty ATT).


A genus of gram-negative, oxidase-positive, nonfermentative rods which are motile by means of a single flagellum. Afipia felis and BARTONELLA HENSELAE are causative agents of CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)


A subfamily of rhodopsin proteins that function as light-gated ion channels in GREEN ALGAE.


Animal reproductive bodies, or the contents thereof, used as food. The concept is differentiated from OVUM, the anatomic or physiologic entity.


The killing of infants at birth or soon after.


A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)


Fatty Acids, Saturated
Fatty Acids
Fatty Acids, Esterified
Aliphatic Acids

Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)


Propiophenone (ethyl phenyl ketone, structural formula C6H5COCH2CH3) and its derivatives. They are commonly used in perfumes and pharmaceuticals.


Restoration of blood supply to tissue which is ischemic due to decrease in normal blood supply. The decrease may result from any source including atherosclerotic obstruction, narrowing of the artery, or surgical clamping. It is primarily a procedure for treating infarction or other ischemia, by enabling viable ischemic tissue to recover, thus limiting further necrosis. However, it is thought that reperfusion can itself further damage the ischemic tissue, causing REPERFUSION INJURY.


Use of a pulse of X-rays or fast electrons to generate free radicals for spectroscopic examination.


Acridine antineoplastic agent used in mammary and ovarian tumors. It inhibits RNA synthesis.


A species of Bifidobacterium that occurs in the human GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, especially in infants, and in FERMENTED DAIRY PRODUCTS. It produces BACTERIOCINS and is used as a PROBIOTIC.


Hypochlorous Acid
Hypochlorous Acids
Hypochlorite

An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.


A group of alcohol-soluble seed storage proteins from the endosperm of corn.


A monocarboxylic acid anion derived from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid. It is a metabolic intermediate in GLYCOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS; and other pathways.


A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria isolated from the human tooth surface. Strains have been shown to be cariogenic in experimental animals and may be associated with human dental caries.


A genus of RNA fungi viruses in the family TOTIVIRIDAE. Some of the viruses contain additional satellite RNA or defective RNA. Transmission occurs during cell division, sporogenesis and cell fusion. The type species is Saccharomyces cerevisiae virus L-A.


Disorders claimed as a result of military service.


Inflammation of the MUCOSA of both the SMALL INTESTINE and the LARGE INTESTINE. Etiology includes ISCHEMIA, infections, allergic, and immune responses.


A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria originally classified as members of the PSEUDOMONADACEAE.


A psychological state resulting from any activity that lacks motivation, or from enforced continuance in an uninteresting situation.


2-Propenoic acid, 3-phenyl-
Tinzaparin
Tinzaparin Sodium
Innohep

A low-molecular-weight heparin with anticoagulant properties that is used in the prevention and treatment of VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM, and to prevent clotting during EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCULATION.


Highly pleasant emotion characterized by outward manifestations of gratification; joy.


A genus of nematodes of the superfamily STRONGYLOIDEA, parasitic in the intestines of animals. The adults are usually free in the intestinal lumen; the larvae encyst in the wall.


An immature epithelial tumor of the JAW originating from the epithelial rests of Malassez or from other epithelial remnants of the ENAMEL from the developmental period. It is a slowly growing tumor, usually benign, but displays a marked propensity for invasive growth.


Determination of the level of functional limitation that may be due to pathology, and evaluating rehabilitative intervention of the way in which the body moves from one point to another. Most often, this is done by walking.


Organ Retrieval
Tissue and Organ Harvesting
Organ Harvesting
Tissue Harvesting

The procedure of removing TISSUES, organs, or specimens from DONORS for reuse, such as TRANSPLANTATION.


A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain wedelolactone and wedeloside.


A plant genus of the family LAURACEAE. Members contain laurotetanine and other APORPHINES.


The relative amounts of various components in the body, such as percentage of body fat.


Interest Groups
Pro-Choice Groups
Public Opinion Polls
Public Opinion

The attitude of a significant portion of a population toward any given proposition, based upon a measurable amount of factual evidence, and involving some degree of reflection, analysis, and reasoning.


Microprocessors
Computers, Personal
Microcomputers

Small computers using LSI (large-scale integration) microprocessor chips as the CPU (central processing unit) and semiconductor memories for compact, inexpensive storage of program instructions and data. They are smaller and less expensive than minicomputers and are usually built into a dedicated system where they are optimized for a particular application. "Microprocessor" may refer to just the CPU or the entire microcomputer.


Catalyzes the hydrolysis of the gamma lactone, dehydroascorbate, to diketogulonate.


The syrup remaining after sugar is crystallized out of SUGARCANE or sugar beet juice. It is also used in ANIMAL FEED, and in a fermented form, is used to make industrial ETHYL ALCOHOL and ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.


A febrile disease caused by STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.


The comparison of the quantity of meaningful data to the irrelevant or incorrect data.


Military Forts
Military Bases
Military Facilities

Areas designated for use by the armed forces personnel.


Small, abnormal spherical red blood cells with more than the normal amount of hemoglobin.


A toxic alkaloid found in Amanita muscaria (fly fungus) and other fungi of the Inocybe species. It is the first parasympathomimetic substance ever studied and causes profound parasympathetic activation that may end in convulsions and death. The specific antidote is atropine.


Doxapram
Dopram
Docatone
Doxapram Hydrochloride

A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225)


The elaboration of dental enamel by ameloblasts, beginning with its participation in the formation of the dentino-enamel junction to the production of the matrix for the enamel prisms and interprismatic substance. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992).


Maxillofacial Prosthesis
Maxillary Prosthesis

A prosthetic appliance for the replacement of areas of the maxilla, mandible, and face, missing as a result of deformity, disease, injury, or surgery. When the prosthesis replaces portions of the mandible only, it is referred to as MANDIBULAR PROSTHESIS.


A progressive rare pulmonary disease characterized by high blood pressure in the PULMONARY ARTERY.


A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute URINE, and excessive THIRST. Etiologies of diabetes insipidus include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (also known as ADH or VASOPRESSIN) secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS, impaired KIDNEY response to ADH, and impaired hypothalamic regulation of thirst.


Drinking an excessive amount of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES in a short period of time.


Schedule giving optimum times usually for primary and/or secondary immunization.


The superior part of the lower extremity between the HIP and the KNEE.


Generating tissue in vitro for clinical applications, such as replacing wounded tissues or impaired organs. The use of TISSUE SCAFFOLDING enables the generation of complex multi-layered tissues and tissue structures.


Teleost hormones. A family of small peptides isolated from urophyses of bony fishes. They have many different physiological effects, including long-lasting hypotensive activity and have been proposed as antihypertensives. There are at least four different compounds: urotensin I, urotensin II, urotensin III, and urotensin IV.


A species of LYSSAVIRUS causing a rabies-like disease in bats and humans.


Primarily non-verbal tests designed to predict an individual's future learning ability or performance.


The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially to induce anesthesia. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.


Elongation Factor
Peptide Elongation Factors

Protein factors uniquely required during the elongation phase of protein synthesis.


An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)


An agronomic group especially of small-seeded grasses, mainly grown for human and animal consumption.


Angulation of the first metatarsal bone towards the midline. This is associated with angulation of the phalanges of the same toe away from the midline (HALLUX VALGUS).


A plant genus of the family Orobanchaceae. Members contain phenylpropanoid glycosides and iridoids.


Species of ANTHOZOA which secrete a skeleton and are responsible for the formation of CORAL REEFS.


Chromatophores (large pigment cells of fish, amphibia, reptiles and many invertebrates) which contain melanin. Short term color changes are brought about by an active redistribution of the melanophores pigment containing organelles (MELANOSOMES). Mammals do not have melanophores; however they have retained smaller pigment cells known as MELANOCYTES.


The 4-carboxyaldehyde form of VITAMIN B 6 which is converted to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid.


Ovulation Detection, Sympto-Thermal Method

Ovulation Detection, Cervical Mucus Method

Ovulation Detection, Basal Body Temperature Method

Method to determine the occurrence of OVULATION by direct or indirect means. Indirect methods examine the effects of PROGESTERONE on cervical mucus (CERVIX MUCUS), or basal body temperature. Direct ovulation detection, generally used in fertility treatment, involves analyses of circulating hormones in blood and ULTRASONOGRAPHY.


A kingdom in the domain ARCHAEA comprised of thermoacidophilic, sulfur-dependent organisms. The two orders are SULFOLOBALES and THERMOPROTEALES.


Work Schedule
Staffing and Scheduling
Personnel Staffing
Personnel Staffing and Scheduling

The selection, appointing, and scheduling of personnel.


Unstable isotopes of tin that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Sn atoms with atomic weights 108-111, 113, 120-121, 123 and 125-128 are tin radioisotopes.


Blue Cross
Blue Cross Blue Shield Insurance Plans
Blue Shield

Health insurance plan for hospital costs and related services.


Inoculation of a series of animals or in vitro tissue with an infectious bacterium or virus, as in VIRULENCE studies and the development of vaccines.


Carbamates in which the -CO- group has been replaced by a -CS- group.


Incision through the midline of the STERNUM.


Tests of accuracy in pronouncing speech sounds, e.g., Iowa Pressure Articulation Test, Deep Test of Articulation, Templin-Darley Tests of Articulation, Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation, Screening Speech Articulation Test, Arizona Articulation Proficiency Scale.


Compounds that include the structure of acridine.


Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with parainfluenza viruses in humans and animals.


An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)


Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase
Phenylalanine-Tyrosine Ammonia-lyase

An enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of PHENYLALANINE to form trans-cinnamate and ammonia.


A cytokine with both pro- and anti-inflammatory actions that depend upon the cellular microenvironment. Oncostatin M is a 28 kDa monomeric glycoprotein that is similar in structure to LEUKEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR. Its name derives from the the observation that it inhibited the growth of tumor cells and augmented the growth of normal fibroblasts.


Taking of goods, property, or right of use by GOVERNMENT or others.


A game in which two parties of players provided with curved or hooked sticks seek to drive a ball or puck through opposite goals. This applies to either ice hockey or field hockey.


Motor skills deficits that significantly and persistently interfere with ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING appropriate to chronological age.  (from DSM-5)


That distinct portion of the institutional, industrial, or economic structure of a country that is controlled or owned by non-governmental, private interests.


A system of units used in scientific work throughout the world and employed in general commercial transactions and engineering applications. Its units of length, time, and mass are the meter, second, and kilogram respectively, or decimal multiples and submultiples thereof. ( McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)


An order of insects comprising two suborders: Caelifera and Ensifera. They consist of GRASSHOPPERS, locusts, and crickets (GRYLLIDAE).


A genus of ascomycetous fungi of the family Hypocreaceae, order Hypocreales including several pathogens of grains and cereals. It is also the source of plant growth regulators such as gibberellin and gibberellic acid.


The exercise capacity of an individual as measured by endurance (maximal exercise duration and/or maximal attained work load) during an EXERCISE TEST.


An important nosocomial fungal infection with species of the genus CANDIDA, most frequently CANDIDA ALBICANS. Invasive candidiasis occurs when candidiasis goes beyond a superficial infection and manifests as CANDIDEMIA, deep tissue infection, or disseminated disease with deep organ involvement.


A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.


Desulfurococcus Thermosphaera Sulfophobococcus Desulfurococcaceae Thermodiscus Staphylothermus Stetteria Ignicoccus

A family of archaea, in the order DESULFUROCOCCALES, consisting of anaerobic cocci which utilize peptides, proteins or carbohydrates facultatively by sulfur respiration or fermentation. There are eight genera: AEROPYRUM, Desulfurococcus, Ignicoccus, Staphylothermus, Stetteria, Sulfophoboccus, Thermodiscus, and Thermosphaera. (From Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2d ed)


A genus of ascomycetous fungi in the family Trichocomaceae, order EUROTIALES. Some species can cause opportunistic infections in humans, similar to its anamorph ASPERGILLUS.


Any suction exerted by the mouth; response of the mammalian infant to draw milk from the breast. Includes sucking on inanimate objects. Not to be used for thumb sucking, which is indexed under fingersucking.


Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.


An angiosperm plant order that includes the APOCYNACEAE; ASCLEPIADACEAE; GENTIANACEAE; LOGANIACEAE; and RUBIACEAE  families.


Exocrine glands in animals which secrete scents which either repel or attract other animals, e.g. perianal glands of skunks, anal glands of weasels, musk glands of foxes, ventral glands of wood rats, and dorsal glands of peccaries.


Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body.


A technique for maintaining or growing TISSUE in vitro, usually by DIFFUSION, perifusion, or PERFUSION. The tissue is cultured directly after removal from the host without being dispersed for cell culture.


The valve consisting of three cusps situated between the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart.


A genus of ascomycetous fungi, family Clavicipitaceae, order Hypocreales, parasitic on various grasses (POACEAE). The sclerotia contain several toxic alkaloids. Claviceps purpurea on rye causes ergotism.


Diseases of viral origin, characterized by incubation periods of months to years, insidious onset of clinical manifestations, and protracted clinical course. Though the disease process is protracted, viral multiplication may not be unusually slow. Conventional viruses produce slow virus diseases such as SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL), and AIDS. Diseases produced by unconventional agents were originally considered part of this group. They are now called PRION DISEASES.


Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Techniques

Techniques for determining the proximity of molecules based on ENERGY TRANSFER between bioluminescent chromophores and acceptor fluorophores that have overlapping emission and absorption spectra.


The artery supplying nearly all the left half of the transverse colon, the whole of the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, and the greater part of the rectum. It is smaller than the superior mesenteric artery (MESENTERIC ARTERY, SUPERIOR) and arises from the aorta above its bifurcation into the common iliac arteries.


Amputation of a lower limb through the sacroiliac joint.


Viruses whose host is one or more Mycobacterium species. They include both temperate and virulent types.


A plant genus of the family Jubulaceae, subclass JUNGERMANNIAE. Members contain eudesmane-type sesquiterpene lactones and cause CONTACT DERMATITIS.


Meptazinol Hydrochloride
Meptid
Meptazinol
WY-22811

A narcotic antagonist with analgesic properties. It is used for the control of moderate to severe pain.


A genus of gram-negative bacteria of the family MORAXELLACEAE, found in soil and water and of uncertain pathogenicity.


The guidelines and policy statements set forth by the editor(s) or editorial board of a publication.


An examination, review and verification of all financial accounts.


Nonsusceptibility of a microbe to the action of ampicillin, a penicillin derivative that interferes with cell wall synthesis.


The appearance of antibodies against causative agents in the blood of individuals during the course of an infection or following immunization.


An alkylating sulfhydryl reagent. Its actions are similar to those of iodoacetate.


The abnormal narrowness of the palpebral fissure in the horizontal direction caused by the lateral displacement of the medial canthi of the eyelids. (Dorland, 27th ed)


An institutional policy of granting authority to health personnel to perform procedures on patients or to remove organs from cadavers for transplantation unless an objection is registered by family members or by the patient prior to death. This also includes emergency care of minors without prior parental consent.


A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits.


Nucleotides in which the base moiety is substituted with one or more sulfur atoms.


Anemia characterized by larger than normal erythrocytes, increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH).


Deformity of the hip characterized by enlargement and deformation of the FEMUR HEAD and FEMUR NECK, often with associated changes in the ACETABULUM. These changes may be secondary to other diseases (e.g.  LEGG-PERTHES DISEASE; ARTHRITIS; HIP DISLOCATION, CONGENITAL) or TRAUMA.


Enzymes which transfer sulfur atoms to various acceptor molecules. EC 2.8.1.


A butyrophenone used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.


A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Members contain piperidine alkaloids (PIPERIDINES).


Embryo Donation
Embryo Abandonment
Embryo Disposition
Embryo Disposal

Utilization or disposal of an embryo that is fertilized but not immediately transplanted and resulting course of action.


An acute infection caused by the RIFT VALLEY FEVER VIRUS, an RNA arthropod-borne virus, affecting domestic animals and humans. In animals, symptoms include HEPATITIS; abortion (ABORTION, VETERINARY); and DEATH. In humans, symptoms range from those of a flu-like disease to hemorrhagic fever, ENCEPHALITIS, or BLINDNESS.


A plant family of the order Sapindales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida which is a small family of small trees and shrubs growing in arid and warm regions.


Technology Commercialization
Research Commercialization
Technology Transfer
Technology Licensing

Spread and adoption of inventions and techniques from one geographic area to another, from one discipline to another, or from one sector of the economy to another. For example, improvements in medical equipment may be transferred from industrial countries to developing countries, advances arising from aerospace engineering may be applied to equipment for persons with disabilities, and innovations in science arising from government research are made available to private enterprise.


Structures within the nucleus of fungal cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell.


A species of protozoa infecting humans via the intermediate tick vector IXODES scapularis. The other hosts are the mouse PEROMYSCUS leucopus and meadow vole MICROTUS pennsylvanicus, which are fed on by the tick. Other primates can be experimentally infected with Babesia microti.


Leptospira interrogans serovar australis

A serovar of the bacterial species LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS, characteristically associated with a severe zoonotic disease in humans.


Tube Spacers
Valved Holding Chambers
Inhalation Spacers
Aerosol Holding Chambers

A device used to improve inhalation of drugs from pressurized aerosols (NEBULIZERS AND VAPORIZERS).


PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.


The neck muscles consist of the platysma, splenius cervicis, sternocleidomastoid(eus), longus colli, the anterior, medius, and posterior scalenes, digastric(us), stylohyoid(eus), mylohyoid(eus), geniohyoid(eus), sternohyoid(eus), omohyoid(eus), sternothyroid(eus), and thyrohyoid(eus).


A species of parasitic nematode widely distributed in tropical and subtropical countries. The females and their larvae inhabit the mucosa of the intestinal tract, where they cause ulceration and diarrhea.


A denture replacing all natural teeth and associated structures in both the maxilla and mandible.


A species of halophilic bacteria in the genus VIBRIO, which lives in warm SEAWATER. It can cause infections in those who eat raw contaminated seafood or have open wounds exposed to seawater.


The ability to foresee what is likely to happen on the basis of past experience. It is largely a frontal lobe function.


Formation of LYMPHOCYTES and PLASMA CELLS from the lymphoid stem cells which develop from the pluripotent HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS in the BONE MARROW. These lymphoid stem cells differentiate into T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; PLASMA CELLS; or NK-cells (KILLER CELLS, NATURAL) depending on the organ or tissues (LYMPHOID TISSUE) to which they migrate.


A genus of softbacked TICKS in the family ARGASIDAE. Most infect birds or bats but a few parasitize terrestrial mammals.


A species of gram-negative bacteria in the family Prevotellaceae. It is the species most commonly isolated from endodontic infections (PULPITIS).


EKG-Triggered Imaging Techniques
Cardiac-Gated Imaging Techniques

Timing the acquisition of imaging data to specific points in the cardiac cycle to minimize image blurring and other motion artifacts.


Electronic devices that increase the magnitude of a signal's power level or current.


Diseases of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.


Phospholipases that hydrolyze one of the acyl groups of phosphoglycerides or glycerophosphatidates.


Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications

Pathological processes of the female URINARY TRACT, the reproductive system (GENITALIA, FEMALE), and disorders related to PREGNANCY.


Infestations with soft-bodied (Argasidae) or hard-bodied (Ixodidae) ticks.


A genus of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria whose organisms are nonmotile. Filaments that may be present in certain species are either straight or wavy and may have swollen or clubbed heads.


A pleuropneumonia of cattle and goats caused by species of MYCOPLASMA.


A ubiquitously-expressed cysteine protease that plays an enzymatic role in POST-TRANSLATIONAL PROTEIN PROCESSING of proteins within SECRETORY GRANULES.


A plant genus of the family ANNONACEAE. Members contain asarone, isoguattouregidine (an isoquinoline alkaloid), norlaureline, puterine, noraporphine alkaloids.


A species of Saccharomyces that is used as a PROBIOTIC, such as in the treatment of DIARRHEA and PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS ENTEROCOLITIS associated with CLOSTRIDIUM INFECTIONS.


Milk Vetch
Locoweed, Wooly
Astragalus Plant

A plant genus in the family FABACEAE, subfamily Papilionaceae, order Fabales, subclass Rosidae. Many of the species are associated with poisoning of grazing animals. Some of the species are used medicinally.


Species of CHLAMYDIA causing pneumonitis in mice and hamsters. These isolates formerly belonged to CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS.


Dryness of the eye surfaces caused by deficiency of tears or conjunctival secretions. It may be associated with vitamin A deficiency, trauma, or any condition in which the eyelids do not close completely.


A family of parasitic organisms in the order EIMERIIDA. CRYPTOSPORIDIUM is the most important genus.


A group of enzymes that transfers two phosphate groups from a donor such as ATP to two different acceptors. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.9.


A drug that is derived from opium, which contains from 0.3-1.5% thebaine depending on its origin. It produces strychnine-like convulsions rather than narcosis. It may be habit-forming and is a controlled substance (opiate) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Part 1308.12 (1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed)


A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria in the family FLAVOBACTERIACEAE that causes exudative SEPTICEMIA in ducks, pigeons, and other domestic and wild birds.


A naturally occurring product of plants obtained following reduction of GALACTOSE. It appears as a white crystalline powder with a slight sweet taste. It may form in excess in the lens of the eye in GALACTOSEMIAS, a deficiency of GALACTOKINASE.


The gradual expansion in complexity and meaning of symbols and sounds as perceived and interpreted by the individual through a maturational and learning process. Stages in development include babbling, cooing, word imitation with cognition, and use of short sentences.


Clinical manifestation of excessive LEANNESS usually caused by disease or a lack of nutrition (MALNUTRITION).


The inability of a health professional to provide proper professional care of patients due to his or her physical and/or mental disability.


RNA Computation
DNA Computation
Molecular Computation
RNA Computers
Computers, Molecular
DNA Computers

Computers whose input, output and state transitions are carried out by biochemical interactions and reactions.


Brain waves characterized by a frequency of 4-7 Hz, usually observed in the temporal lobes when the individual is awake, but relaxed and sleepy.


A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.


Coriolaceae Ceriporiopsis Fomes Fomitopsis Bjerkandera

A family of fungi, order POLYPORALES, found on decaying wood.


A persistent increase in synaptic efficacy, usually induced by appropriate activation of the same synapses. The phenomenological properties of long-term potentiation suggest that it may be a cellular mechanism of learning and memory.


The prototypical element in the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol La, atomic number 57, and atomic weight 138.91. Lanthanide ion is used in experimental biology as a calcium antagonist; lanthanum oxide improves the optical properties of glass.


Derivatives of thiomalic acid (the structural formula (COOH)CHSH(COOH)), including its salts and esters.


The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.


A common genus of tropical filarial worms parasitic in humans and monkeys.


A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped, gliding bacteria in the family XANTHOMONADACEAE. Strongly proteolytic, it is involved in lysing a variety of microorganisms.


A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria often surrounded by a protein microcapsular layer and slime layer. The natural cycle of its organisms generally involves a vertebrate and an invertebrate host. Species of the genus are the etiological agents of human diseases, such as typhus.


Devices that diminish the likelihood of or prevent conception. (From Dorland, 28th ed)


MONOSACCHARIDES and other sugars that contain one or more carboxylic acid moieties.


Programs in which participation is not required.


An incision in the uterus, performed through either the abdomen or the vagina.


A genus in the family ENTOMOPLASMATACEAE, order Entomoplasmatales. It is pathogenic to GOATS, causing caprine pleuropneumonia (PLEUROPNEUMONIA, CONTAGIOUS).


Restoration of functions to the maximum degree possible in a person or persons suffering from a stroke.


Graphic displays of height and weight showing development over time.


Payment, or other means of making amends, for a wrong or injury.


Health Care Ethics
Biomedical Ethics
Bioethics

A branch of applied ethics that studies the value implications of practices and developments in life sciences, medicine, and health care.


Nonmotile unicellular green algae potentially valuable as a source of high-grade protein and B-complex vitamins.


The molecular unit of collagen fibrils that consist of repeating three-stranded polypeptide units arranged head to tail in parallel bundles. It is a right-handed triple helix composed of 2 polypeptide chains. It is rich in glycine, proline, hydroxyproline, and hydroxylysine.


4(1-Naphthylvinyl)pyridine hydrochloride. Cholinesterase inhibitor. Synonym: YuB 25.


An intrauterine mass containing decidual cells (DECIDUA) or with structures resembling the PLACENTA. Deciduomas usually are induced experimentally.


An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.


In tissue culture, hairlike projections of neurons stimulated by growth factors and other molecules. These projections may go on to form a branched tree of dendrites or a single axon or they may be reabsorbed at a later stage of development. "Neurite" may refer to any filamentous or pointed outgrowth of an embryonal or tissue-culture neural cell.


A family of spherical viruses, of the order MONONEGAVIRALES, somewhat larger than the orthomyxoviruses, and containing single-stranded RNA. Subfamilies include PARAMYXOVIRINAE and PNEUMOVIRINAE.


Large multiprotein complexes that bind the centromeres of the chromosomes to the microtubules of the mitotic spindle during metaphase in the cell cycle.


Continuation of visual impression after cessation of stimuli causing the original image.


Need Certification, Health Care
Certificate of Need

A certificate issued by a governmental body to an individual or organization proposing to construct or modify a health facility, or to offer a new or different service. The process of issuing the certificate is also included.


Sudden significant drop in BLOOD GLUCOSE or hypoglycemic shock which affects the hemodynamic equilibrium of all vital organs.


POLYMERS derived from the monomer VINYL COMPOUNDS.


The type species of ALPHACORONAVIRUS genus causing gastroenteritis, peritonitis and respiratory diseases in dogs, cats and swine. Previously separate species TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS VIRUS; PORCINE RESPIRATORY CORONAVIRUS; CANINE CORONAVIRUS AND FELINE CORONAVIRUS merged into this species on the basis of similar genome nucleotide sequence and genome organization.


The turning off of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION in certain regions of CHROMATIN without changes in the DNA sequence. Typically epigenetic repression is a way that developmental changes are programmed at the cellular level.


A plant genus of the family Amaryllidaceae. Members contain radiatine, vittatine, haemanthamine, lycorenine, dihydrolycorine, lycorine, lycoricidinol and lycoricidine.


The solid substance formed by the FREEZING of water.


The Proteidae family of permanently larval aquatic salamanders. It consists of two living genera - Necturus (mudpuppy) of the eastern United States and Proteus (the European olm).


Bone diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms.


Housing for groups of patients, children, or others who need or desire emotional or physical support. They are usually established as planned, single housekeeping units in residential dwellings that provide care and supervision for small groups of residents, who, although unrelated, live together as a family.


A proteolytic enzyme obtained from Carica papaya. It is also the name used for a purified mixture of papain and CHYMOPAPAIN that is used as a topical enzymatic debriding agent. EC 3.4.22.2.


Chemical substances that are foreign to the biological system. They include naturally occurring compounds, drugs, environmental agents, carcinogens, insecticides, etc.


The transmission of traits encoded in GENES from parent to offspring.


The motion of a liquid through a membrane (or plug or capillary) consequent upon the application of an electric field across the membrane. (Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001)


Distress resulting from severe injuries.


Lactobacillus amylovorus
Lactobacillus acidophilus

A species of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria isolated from the intestinal tract of humans and animals, the human mouth, and vagina. This organism produces the fermented product, acidophilus milk.


The hemispheric articular surface at the upper extremity of the thigh bone. (Stedman, 26th ed)


Infection of the intestinal tract with worms of the genus OESOPHAGOSTOMUM. This condition occurs mainly in animals other than man.


A species of motile, free-living, gram-negative bacteria that occur in the soil. They are aerobic or microaerophilic and are sometimes capable of nitrogen fixation.


A new pattern of perceptual or ideational material derived from past experience.


The bony plate which extends outwards from the modiolus into the spiral canal of the cochlea, forming part of the structure that divides the upper SCALA VESTIBULI and the lower SCALA TYMPANI.


A nonselective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist used in the treatment of glaucoma.


A benign tumor containing vascular, adipose, and muscle elements. It occurs most often in the kidney with smooth muscle elements (angiolipoleiomyoma) in association with tuberous sclerosis. (Dorland, 27th ed)


Text editing and storage functions using computer software.


Specialized region of the anterior wall of the lateral ventricle which is rich in NEURAL STEM CELLS.


Polymers made up of a few (2-20) nucleotides. In molecular genetics, they refer to a short sequence synthesized to match a region where a mutation is known to occur, and then used as a probe (OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES). (Dorland, 28th ed)


Oxidative Phosphorylation Coupling Factors


Diseases of animals within the order PRIMATES. This term includes diseases of Haplorhini and Strepsirhini.


A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria in the family Sphingobacteriaceae. They exhibit gliding motility.


The inactive proenzyme of trypsin secreted by the pancreas, activated in the duodenum via cleavage by enteropeptidase. (Stedman, 25th ed)


The classification systems (or schemes) based on the different ANTIGENS located on ERYTHROCYTES.


Temporary or permanent diversion of the flow of urine through the ureter away from the URINARY BLADDER in the presence of a bladder disease or after cystectomy. There is a variety of techniques: direct anastomosis of ureter and bowel, cutaneous ureterostomy, ileal, jejunal or colon conduit, ureterosigmoidostomy, etc. (From Campbell's Urology, 6th ed, p2654)


Examination of hair by chemical, physical, or microscopic means.


The lamellated connective tissue constituting the thickest layer of the cornea between the Bowman and Descemet membranes.


A benign condition in which the circulating AMYLASES are of high molecular masses, macroamylases. Macroamylases are amylase-plasma protein complexes, usually with immunoglobulins. Macroamylases cannot be cleared by the renal glomeruli.


Nerves and plexuses of the autonomic nervous system. The central nervous system structures which regulate the autonomic nervous system are not included.


Benign neoplasms derived from glandular epithelium. (From Stedman, 25th ed)


Seasonal suspension of insect growth development. It can be either induced by environmental cues (e.g., PHOTOPERIOD) or as a facultative part of the life cycle in order to time development with seasonal changes.


A surgical specialty concerned with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the urinary tract in both sexes, and the genital tract in the male. Common urological problems include urinary obstruction, URINARY INCONTINENCE, infections, and UROGENITAL NEOPLASMS.


A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, nonsporeforming bacteria in the family Desulfuromonadaceae. It is found in anoxic marine sediments.


A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that oxidizes nitrites to nitrates. Its organisms occur in aerobic environments where organic matter is being mineralized, including soil, fresh water, and sea water.


A salt-soluble precursor of elastin. Lysyl oxidase is instrumental in converting it to elastin in connective tissue.


A suborder of nematodes characterized by larvae lacking cephalic hooks and a tail that is generally long and pointed.


Expectation of real uncertainty on the part of the investigator regarding the comparative therapeutic merits of each arm in a trial.


The health of women during PREGNANCY; childbirth and the POSTPARTUM PERIOD.


Proteins found in any species of insect.


Any negative tradition or behavior that is generally regarded as harmful to social welfare and forbidden within a cultural or social group.


An immunologic deficiency state characterized by an extremely low level of generally all classes of gamma-globulin in the blood.


A species of VESICULOVIRUS causing VESICULAR STOMATITIS primarily in cattle, horses, and pigs. It can be transmitted to humans where it causes influenza-like symptoms.


A sweet viscous liquid food, produced in the honey sacs of various bees from nectar collected from flowers. The nectar is ripened into honey by inversion of its sucrose sugar into fructose and glucose. It is somewhat acidic and has mild antiseptic properties, being sometimes used in the treatment of burns and lacerations.


Radiography of the uterus and fallopian tubes after the injection of a contrast medium.


A plant genus of the family SIMAROUBACEAE. Members contain quassinoids. Quassia simarouba has been reclassified as SIMAROUBA.


Nerve Impulses
Spike Potentials
Action Potentials

Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.


Membrane-bound prokaryotic organelles of magnetotactic bacteria that contain chains of MAGNETITE crystals which orient the bacteria to geomagnetic fields.


Assessments aimed at determining agreement in diagnostic test results among laboratories. Identical survey samples are distributed to participating laboratories, with results stratified according to testing methodologies.


A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, coccoid bacteria whose organisms are part of the normal flora of the oropharynx, nasopharynx, and genitourinary tract. Some species are primary pathogens for humans.


Incision of tissues for injection of medication or for other diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Punctures of the skin, for example may be used for diagnostic drainage; of blood vessels for diagnostic imaging procedures.


The limitation of practice or study to a particular branch of medicine, dentistry, or other health profession. It is philosophically distinct from the generalist theory in which familiarity with a wide cross-section of the particular discipline is advocated.


Order of dicotyledonous flowering plants in the superorder ROSANAE, and class MAGNOLIOPSIDA. They include birch, beech, bayberry, and walnut species.


Libido
Increased Libido
Decreased Libido

The psychic drive or energy associated with sexual instinct in the broad sense (pleasure and love-object seeking). It may also connote the psychic energy associated with instincts in general that motivate behavior.


An extract of absinthium and other bitter herbs, containing 60% alcohol. Prolonged ingestion causes nervousness, convulsions, trismus, amblyopia, optic neuritis, and mental deterioration. (Dorland, 27th ed)


The only and type species of Hemicentrotus.


A collective term for muscle and ligament injuries without dislocation or fracture. A sprain is a joint injury in which some of the fibers of a supporting ligament are ruptured but the continuity of the ligament remains intact. A strain is an overstretching or overexertion of some part of the musculature.


The presence of MYOGLOBIN in URINE usually as a result of rhabdomyolysis.


Unstable isotopes of selenium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Se atoms with atomic weights 70-73, 75, 79, 81, and 83-85 are radioactive selenium isotopes.


Arteries arising from the external carotid or the maxillary artery and distributing to the temporal region.


Compounds that bind to and stimulate ADENOSINE A1 RECEPTORS.


Non-invasive methods of visualizing the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, especially the brain, by various imaging modalities.


Devices used to measure the flow of fluids (see RHEOLOGY) or the AIR to measure RESPIRATION.


Unstable isotopes of iridium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ir atoms with atomic weights 182-190, 192, and 194-198 are radioactive iridium isotopes.


The use of force or intimidation to obtain compliance.


Complex nucleoprotein structures which contain the genomic DNA and are part of the CELL NUCLEUS of PLANTS.


A family composed of spouses and their children.


Apo-Primidone
Sertan
Desoxyphenobarbital
Primidon Holsten
Primaclone
Mylepsinum
Liskantin
Mysoline
Mizodin
Misodine
Primidone
Resimatil

A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.


Substances and drugs that inhibit or block the activity of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE.


The male sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and none of the female gametes in humans and in some other male-heterogametic species in which the homologue of the X chromosome has been retained.


Biodegradation, Environmental
Phytoremediation
Natural Attenuation, Pollution
Bioremediation

A treatment process that uses naturally occurring microorganisms to degrade hazardous substances into less toxic or nontoxic substances.


A white powder prepared from lime that has many medical and industrial uses. It is in many dental formulations, especially for root canal filling.


Transfer of a neoplasm from its primary site to lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body by way of the lymphatic system.


A tumor, basically a carcinoma with a single sarcoma such as leiomyosarcoma or angiosarcoma or multiple sarcomas of uterine origin. The role of estrogen has been postulated as a possible etiological factor in this tumor. (Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1703)


The reduction or regulation of the population of mosquitoes through chemical, biological, or other means.


Use for articles on the investing of funds for income or profit.


Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.


A family of bacteria in the order Sphingobacteriales, class Sphingobacteria. They are gram-negative rods, mostly saprophytic in terrestrial and aquatic habitats.


Saturated indolizines that are fused six and five-membered rings with a nitrogen atom at the ring fusion. They are biosynthesized in PLANTS by cyclization of a LYSINE coupled to ACETYL COENZYME A. Many of them are naturally occurring ALKALOIDS.


COUMARINS with two added pyran rings. Some are found in the CALOPHYLLUM genus of plants.


Surface Electromyography
Electromyography
Electromyogram

Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes.


The practical application of physical, mechanical, and mathematical principles. (Stedman, 25th ed)


Region of the back including the LUMBAR VERTEBRAE, SACRUM, and nearby structures.


The use of molecularly targeted imaging probes to localize and/or monitor biochemical and cellular processes via various imaging modalities that include RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; FLUORESCENCE IMAGING; and MICROSCOPY.


Desulfovibrionaceae Infections
Bilophila Infections
Desulfovibrio Infections
Lawsonia Infections

Infections with bacteria of the family Desulfovibrionaceae.


A peptide extracted from the posterior salivary glands of certain small octopi (Eledone spp., Mollusca), or obtained by synthesis. Its actions resemble those of SUBSTANCE P; it is a potent vasodilator and increases capillary permeability. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1364)


A carbamate insecticide with anticholinesterase activity.


Organic compounds containing the -CO-NH2 radical. Amides are derived from acids by replacement of -OH by -NH2 or from ammonia by the replacement of H by an acyl group. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)


Defense mechanisms involving approach and avoidance responses to threatening stimuli. The sensitizing process involves intellectualization in approaching or controlling the stimulus whereas repression involves unconscious denial in avoiding the stimulus.


Patient Generated Health Data
Self-Recorded Health Data
Patient Generated Data
Patient Generated Clinical Data

Health-related data created, recorded, or gathered by patients, family members, or caregivers, to help address a health concern. Distinct from data generated in clinical settings and through encounters with providers.


Hormones secreted by insects. They influence their growth and development. Also synthetic substances that act like insect hormones.


Small mammals in the family Soricidae, order Soricomorpha (formerly Insectivora). They resemble moles and are characterized by a mobile snout, sharp INCISOR teeth, and are found in tropical and temperate regions worldwide.


Commitment of Mentally Ill
Outpatient Commitment

Legal process required for the institutionalization of a patient with severe mental problems.


Standardized clinical interview used to assess current psychopathology by scaling patient responses to the questions.


A genus of gram-negative, spiral bacteria that possesses internal photosynthetic membranes. Its organisms divide by binary fission, are motile by means of polar flagella, and are found in aquatic environments.


Reproductive Isolation
Hybridization Barriers

Mechanisms that prevent different populations from exchanging genes (GENE FLOW), resulting in or maintaining GENETIC SPECIATION. It can either prevent mating to take place or ensure that any offspring produced is either inviable or sterile, thereby preventing further REPRODUCTION.


A form of REGULATED CELL DEATH initiated by oxidative perturbations of the intracellular microenvironment that is under constitutive control by glutathione peroxidase 4 and can be inhibited by iron chelators and lipophilic antioxidants.


A component of the digestive system of birds which consists of the GIZZARD and PROVENTRICULUS.


These disorders are related to both SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM AND OTHER PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS and DEPRESSIVE DISORDER in terms of symptomatology, family history, and genetics. (DSM-5).


A rod-shaped bacterium surrounded by a sheath-like structure which protrudes balloon-like beyond the ends of the cell. It is thermophilic, with growth occurring at temperatures as high as 90 degrees C. It is isolated from geothermally heated marine sediments or hot springs. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)


The use of the GENETIC VARIATION of known functions or phenotypes to correlate the causal effects of those functions or phenotypes with a disease outcome.


The application of high intensity ultrasound to liquids.


A subjective feeling that an experience which is occurring for the first time has been experienced before.


A plant species of the genus SOLANUM, family SOLANACEAE that causes CALCINOSIS in grazing livestock due to high levels of 1a,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (CALCITRIOL).


Completed forms of the pharmaceutical preparation in which prescribed doses of medication are included. They are designed to resist action by gastric fluids, prevent vomiting and nausea, reduce or alleviate the undesirable taste and smells associated with oral administration, achieve a high concentration of drug at target site, or produce a delayed or long-acting drug effect.


A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.


The metabolic process of breaking down LIPIDS to release FREE FATTY ACIDS, the major oxidative fuel for the body. Lipolysis may involve dietary lipids in the DIGESTIVE TRACT, circulating lipids in the BLOOD, and stored lipids in the ADIPOSE TISSUE or the LIVER. A number of enzymes are involved in such lipid hydrolysis, such as LIPASE and LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE from various tissues.


QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS containing three methyl groups, having the general formula of (CH3)3N+R.


Diphosphoric acid esters of fructose. The fructose-1,6- diphosphate isomer is most prevalent. It is an important intermediate in the glycolysis process.


A genus of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, coccoid bacteria. Its organisms occur singly, in pairs, and in tetrads and characteristically divide in more than one plane to form irregular clusters. Natural populations of Staphylococcus are found on the skin and mucous membranes of warm-blooded animals. Some species are opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals.


Surgical removal of a part of the pharynx. (Dorland, 28th ed)


A plant genus of the family EUPHORBIACEAE. The common name of dragon's blood is also used for DRACAENA and Daemonorops (ARECACEAE). Croton tiglium is the source of CROTON OIL.


The theory that human CHARACTER and BEHAVIOR are shaped by the GENES that comprise the individual's GENOTYPE rather than by CULTURE; ENVIRONMENT; and individual choice.


Nucleic acid which complements a specific mRNA or DNA molecule, or fragment thereof; used for hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms and for genetic studies.


Edwards Personal Preference Schedule
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Personality Inventory

Check list, usually to be filled out by a person about himself, consisting of many statements about personal characteristics which the subject checks.


Bone Marrow Purging
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Purging

Techniques for the removal of subpopulations of cells (usually residual tumor cells) from the bone marrow ex vivo before it is infused. The purging is achieved by a variety of agents including pharmacologic agents, biophysical agents (laser photoirradiation or radioisotopes) and immunologic agents. Bone marrow purging is used in both autologous and allogeneic BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION.


A genus of ectomycorrhizae basidiomycetous fungi in the family Cortinariaceae. Some species are poisonous.


Diseases of the bones related to hyperfunction or hypofunction of the endocrine glands.


Mental disorders related to sexual dysfunction, paraphilias, and gender identity disorders.


Patient care procedures performed during the operation that are ancillary to the actual surgery. It includes monitoring, fluid therapy, medication, transfusion, anesthesia, radiography, and laboratory tests.


Chemical groups containing the covalent disulfide bonds -S-S-. The sulfur atoms can be bound to inorganic or organic moieties.


Rooms in health care facilities for patients who require a minimal level of care.


Components of the cytoplasm excluding the CYTOSOL.


A superfamily of nematodes of the order ENOPLIDA. Characteristics include a well developed cylindrical esophagus.


Gout suppressants that act directly on the renal tubule to increase the excretion of uric acid, thus reducing its concentrations in plasma.


Specially trained personnel to assist in routine technical procedures in the operating room.


The ability to respond to segments of the perceptual experience rather than to the whole.


Space between the dura mater and the walls of the vertebral canal.


The volume of air inspired or expired during each normal, quiet respiratory cycle. Common abbreviations are TV or V with subscript T.


Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.


Any behavior caused by or affecting another individual or group usually of the same species.


A subfamily of HELIX-TURN-HELIX DNA-binding proteins that contain a variable length loop adjacent to the HTH motif. The loop connects two anti-parallel strands and forms a wing when bound to DNA.


Rho Factor
E Coli Transcription Termination Factor

A protein which effects termination of RNA synthesis during the genetic transcription process by dissociating the ternary transcription complex RNA;-RNA POLYMERASE DNA at the termination of a gene.


A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used for analgesia for postoperative pain and inhibits cyclooxygenase activity.


A protozoan parasite that is the etiologic agent of East Coast fever (THEILERIASIS). Transmission is by ticks of the Physicephalus and Hyalomma genera.


Preparation for electron microscopy of minute replicas of exposed surfaces of the cell which have been ruptured in the frozen state. The specimen is frozen, then cleaved under high vacuum at the same temperature. The exposed surface is shadowed with carbon and platinum and coated with carbon to obtain a carbon replica.


Total Body Clearance Rate
Metabolic Clearance Rate

Volume of biological fluid completely cleared of drug metabolites as measured in unit time. Elimination occurs as a result of metabolic processes in the kidney, liver, saliva, sweat, intestine, heart, brain, or other site.


A field of study that examines the organization, financing, and delivery of public health services within communities, and the impact of these services on public health.


A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.


Molecules that contain multiple active sites which are used to catalyze more than one enzymatic reaction. Proteins in this class generally contain multiple active sites within a single peptide chain and may also contain more than one enzymatically active subunit. They are distinguished from MULTIENZYME COMPLEXES in that their subunits are not found as distinct enzymes.


A genus of gram-negative bacteria whose organisms are obligate parasites of vertebrates. Species are transmitted by arthropod vectors with the host range limited to ruminants. Anaplasma marginale is the most pathogenic species and is the causative agent of severe bovine anaplasmosis.


X-RAY examination of LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Imaging is done while a BARIUM COMPOUND (e.g., BARIUM SULFATE) fills the large intestine via the rectum as a CONTRAST MATERIAL.


The study of chance processes or the relative frequency characterizing a chance process.


An organophosphate insecticide that inhibits monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase. It has been shown to be genotoxic.


Retroviral proteins that have the ability to transform cells. They can induce sarcomas, leukemias, lymphomas, and mammary carcinomas. Not all retroviral proteins are oncogenic.


Inflammation of the uterine salpinx, the trumpet-shaped FALLOPIAN TUBES, usually caused by ascending infections of organisms from the lower reproductive tract. Salpingitis can lead to tubal scarring, hydrosalpinx, tubal occlusion, INFERTILITY, and ectopic pregnancy (PREGNANCY, ECTOPIC)


Wellness Centers
Fitness Centers
Health Clubs

Facilities having programs intended to promote and maintain a state of physical well-being for optimal performance and health.


Long-Term Cancer Survivors
Survivors of Childhood Cancer
Cancer Survivors

Persons who have experienced prolonged survival with or following malignant neoplastic disease.


Phase Delay Chronotherapy
Phase Advance Chronotherapy
Sleep Phase Chronotherapy

A progressive advance or delay of bedtime until the desired bedtime is achieved.


Liquids transforming into solids by the removal of heat.


Manipulation of the host's immune system in treatment of disease. It includes both active and passive immunization as well as immunosuppressive therapy to prevent graft rejection.


Steroids in which fission of one or more ring structures and concomitant addition of a hydrogen atom at each terminal group has occurred.


A process by which nonmedical problems become defined and treated as medical problems, usually in terms of illnesses, or disorders. (Annu Rev Sociol 1992 18:209)


The science and practice of cultivating PLANTS that have economic value to man. It includes plant breeding, seed production, weeding, use of fertilizers, harvesting, storage, transportation, and marketing.


Diseases, dysfunctions, or disorders of or located in the iris.


A mixed epithelial and myoepithelial neoplasm usually encountered within the breast. It is a multinodular lesion presenting with a bicellular pattern of proliferating epithelial and myoepithelial cells, which are regularly distributed in the glandular structures.


Light sensory organ in ARTHROPODS consisting of a large number of ommatidia, each functioning as an independent photoreceptor unit.


Pathological processes involving the URETERS.


The type species of genus Mastrevirus, family GEMINIVIRIDAE.


A nutritious food consisting primarily of the curd or the semisolid substance formed when milk coagulates.


Cells on the luminal surface of the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE. Type A synoviocytes are MACROPHAGES responsible for waste removal from the joint cavity. Fibroblast-like type B synoviocytes are involved in production of joint matrix constituents (e.g., HYALURONAN; COLLAGEN; and FIBRONECTIN).


A natural dihydrochalcone found in apples and many other fruits.


A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria in the family Fibrobacteraceae, isolated from the human GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.


A plant genus of the family RANUNCULACEAE. Members contain SCOPOLETIN and SAPONINS.


The product of meiotic division of zygotes in parasitic protozoa comprising haploid cells. These infective cells invade the host and undergo asexual reproduction producing MEROZOITES (or other forms) and ultimately gametocytes.


An inhibitory Smad protein that negatively regulates the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS from BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS. Smad6 inhibits PHOSPHORYLATION of SMAD2 PROTEIN and SMAD3 PROTEIN.


A paleotropical genus of fungi in the family Tricholomataceae. They are obligate symbionts of termites.


CP-556S
Suloctidil
Suloctidil Hydrochloride

A peripheral vasodilator that was formerly used in the management of peripheral and cerebral vascular disorders. It is hepatotoxic and fatalities have occurred. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312)


Interagency Relations
Interinstitutional Relations

The interactions between representatives of institutions, agencies, or organizations.


Studies in which a number of subjects are selected from all subjects in a defined population. Conclusions based on sample results may be attributed only to the population sampled.


A species of halophilic archaea found in the Dead Sea.


Injury to any part of the eye by extreme heat, chemical agents, or ultraviolet radiation.


An insecticide synergist, especially for pyrethroids and ROTENONE.


The middle piece of the spermatozoon is a highly organized segment consisting of MITOCHONDRIA, the outer dense fibers and the core microtubular structure.


Renin-Angiotensin System
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System

A BLOOD PRESSURE regulating system of interacting components that include RENIN; ANGIOTENSINOGEN; ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME; ANGIOTENSIN I; ANGIOTENSIN II; and angiotensinase. Renin, an enzyme produced in the kidney, acts on angiotensinogen, an alpha-2 globulin produced by the liver, forming ANGIOTENSIN I. Angiotensin-converting enzyme, contained in the lung, acts on angiotensin I in the plasma converting it to ANGIOTENSIN II, an extremely powerful vasoconstrictor. Angiotensin II causes contraction of the arteriolar and renal VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE, leading to retention of salt and water in the KIDNEY and increased arterial blood pressure. In addition, angiotensin II stimulates the release of ALDOSTERONE from the ADRENAL CORTEX, which in turn also increases salt and water retention in the kidney. Angiotensin-converting enzyme also breaks down BRADYKININ, a powerful vasodilator and component of the KALLIKREIN-KININ SYSTEM.


A membrane or barrier with micrometer sized pores used for separation purification processes.


Any of numerous burrowing mammals found in temperate regions and having minute eyes often covered with skin.


Calcite
Calcium Carbonate
Milk of Calcium
Limestone
Marble
Aragonite
Vaterite
Chalk

Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.


A surgical specialty concerned with management of cancer.


Small, sacculated organs found within the DERMIS. Each gland has a single duct that emerges from a cluster of oval alveoli. Each alveolus consists of a transparent BASEMENT MEMBRANE enclosing epithelial cells. The ducts from most sebaceous glands open into a HAIR FOLLICLE, but some open on the general surface of the SKIN. Sebaceous glands secrete SEBUM.


Concept relating to technologies and/or information emanating from research that holds the potential for both benevolent and malevolent applications to humanity and the environment.


Any arthropod of the subclass ACARI except the TICKS. They are minute animals related to the spiders, usually having transparent or semitransparent bodies. They may be parasitic on humans and domestic animals, producing various irritations of the skin (MITE INFESTATIONS). Many mite species are important to human and veterinary medicine as both parasite and vector. Mites also infest plants.


A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae. Infections have a strong association with malignancies and also with GAS GANGRENE.


Devices worn in the vagina to provide support to displaced uterus or rectum. Pessaries are used in conditions such as UTERINE PROLAPSE; CYSTOCELE; or RECTOCELE.


Long convoluted tubules in the nephrons. They collect filtrate from blood passing through the KIDNEY GLOMERULUS and process this filtrate into URINE. Each renal tubule consists of a BOWMAN CAPSULE; PROXIMAL KIDNEY TUBULE; LOOP OF HENLE; DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULE; and KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCT leading to the central cavity of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS) that connects to the URETER.


A genus of the family SALMONIDAE (salmons and trouts). They are named for their hooked (onco) nose (rhynchus). They are usually anadromous and occasionally inhabit freshwater. They can be found in North Pacific coastal areas from Japan to California and adjacent parts of the Arctic Ocean. Salmon and trout are popular game and food fish. Various species figure heavily in genetic, metabolism, and hormone research.


A family of bacteria including numerous parasitic and pathogenic forms.


The convoluted cordlike structure attached to the posterior of the TESTIS. Epididymis consists of the head (caput), the body (corpus), and the tail (cauda). A network of ducts leaving the testis joins into a common epididymal tubule proper which provides the transport, storage, and maturation of SPERMATOZOA.


The science or study of speech sounds and their production, transmission, and reception, and their analysis, classification, and transcription. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)


Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER.


Tool for bedside evaluation based on five physiological parameters: SYSTOLIC PRESSURE, PULSE, RESPIRATORY RATE, BODY TEMPERATURE and AVPU (alert, voice, pain, unresponsive) score.


A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)


Inorganic compounds that contain vanadium as an integral part of the molecule.


An antibiotic mixture of two components, A and B, obtained from Nocardia lurida (or the same substance produced by any other means). It is no longer used clinically because of its toxicity. It causes platelet agglutination and blood coagulation and is used to assay those functions in vitro.


Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent bacillary dysentery (DYSENTERY, BACILLARY) caused by species of SHIGELLA.


Derivatives of maleic acid (the structural formula (COO-)-C=C-(COO-)), including its salts and esters.


Chlorhexidine
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride
Tubulicid
Novalsan
Chlorhexidine Acetate
Sebidin A
MK-412A

A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.


The process of male germ cell development in which the euploid SPERMATOGONIA give rise to SPERMATOCYTES and then the haploid SPERMATIDS by MITOSIS and MEIOSIS.


Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the INTESTINE. A polyp is attached to the intestinal wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.


Proteins which contain carbohydrate groups attached covalently to the polypeptide chain. The protein moiety is the predominant group with the carbohydrate making up only a small percentage of the total weight.


An acute form of TUBERCULOSIS in which minute tubercles are formed in a number of organs of the body due to dissemination of the bacilli through the blood stream.


The ninth planet in order from the sun. It is one of the five outer planets of the solar system. Its only natural satellite is Charon.


The protection of animals in laboratories or other specific environments by promoting their health through better nutrition, housing, and care.


A genus of root and butt rot fungi in the family Tricholomataceae that produce rhizomorphs and are facultatively parasitic. Many species are pathogenic to trees causing Armillaria root disease.


A microfilament protein that interacts with F-ACTIN and regulates cortical actin assembly and organization. It is also an SH3 DOMAIN containing phosphoprotein, and it mediates tyrosine PHOSPHORYLATION based SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION by PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN PP60(C-SRC).


A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus VIBRIO, isolated from SHELLFISH, as well as from human diarrheal stools and ear infections.


Surgical restoration of a perforated tympanic membrane by grafting. (Dorland, 28th ed.)


A lactose-fermenting bacterium causing dysentery.


The senescence of RED BLOOD CELLS. Lacking the organelles that make protein synthesis possible, the mature erythrocyte is incapable of self-repair, reproduction, and carrying out certain functions performed by other cells. This limits the average life span of an erythrocyte to 120 days.


A plant genus of the family APOCYNACEAE. It contains ellipticine.


A genus of ameboid protozoa found in the intestines of vertebrates and invertebrates.


A discipline concerned with relations between messages and the characteristics of individuals who select and interpret them; it deals directly with the processes of encoding (phonetics) and decoding (psychoacoustics) as they relate states of messages to states of communicators.


The measurement of the quantity of heat involved in various processes, such as chemical reactions, changes of state, and formations of solutions, or in the determination of the heat capacities of substances. The fundamental unit of measurement is the joule or the calorie (4.184 joules). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)


Ketonic amines prepared from the condensation of a ketone with formaldehyde and ammonia or a primary or secondary amine. A Mannich base can act as the equivalent of an alpha,beta unsaturated ketone in synthesis or can be reduced to form physiologically active amino alcohols.


Fodder converted into succulent feed for livestock through processes of anaerobic fermentation (as in a silo).


An extinct family in the order COLUMBIFORMES, including dodos and solitaires.


Inflammation of the head of the PENIS, glans penis.


A sebaceous gland that, in some animals, acts as an accessory to the lacrimal gland. The harderian gland excretes fluid that facilitates movement of the third eyelid.


A genus of RNA viruses of the family BIRNAVIRIDAE infecting fruitflies. Transmission is horizontal and there are no known vectors. Drosophila melanogaster is the natural host and the type species is Drosophila X virus.


Enzymes that catalyze the joining of two molecules by the formation of a carbon-sulfur bond. EC 6.2.


White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.


The mimicking of the behavior of one individual by another.


A tumor composed of smooth muscle tissue, as opposed to leiomyoma, a tumor derived from smooth muscle.


New abnormal growth of tissue in the SPINE.


Chemical compounds which yield hydrogen ions or protons when dissolved in water, whose hydrogen can be replaced by metals or basic radicals, or which react with bases to form salts and water (neutralization). An extension of the term includes substances dissolved in media other than water. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)


Two of the masticatory muscles: the internal, or medial, pterygoid muscle and external, or lateral, pterygoid muscle. Action of the former is closing the jaws and that of the latter is opening the jaws, protruding the mandible, and moving the mandible from side to side.


A strong emotional feeling of displeasure aroused by being interfered with, injured or threatened.