Pre-Analytical Phase
Preanalytical Phase

Laboratory processes prior to specimen analysis. These processes include study design, compliance of the subjects investigated, compliance in adherence to protocols, choice of specimens utilized and sample collection.


Analogue-Digital Conversion
Analog-Digital Conversion

The process of converting analog data such as continually measured voltage to discrete, digital form.


Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group D1 Protein

Fanconi Anemia Group D1 Complementing Protein

A large, nuclear protein, encoded by the BRCA2 gene (GENE, BRCA2). Mutations in this gene predispose humans to breast and ovarian cancer. The BRCA2 protein is an essential component of DNA repair pathways, suppressing the formation of gross chromosomal rearrangements. (from Genes Dev. 2000;14(11):1400-6)


Bone Demineralization Technic
Bone Demineralization Technique

Removal of mineral constituents or salts from bone or bone tissue. Demineralization is used as a method of studying bone strength and bone chemistry.


Galactosylsphingosine
Sphingosine Galactoside
Psychosine

An intermediate in the biosynthesis of cerebrosides. It is formed by reaction of sphingosine with UDP-galactose and then itself reacts with fatty acid-Coenzyme A to form the cerebroside.


Carbonic Anhydrase III
Carbonic Anhydrase, Muscle-Specific

A cytosolic carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme primarily expressed in skeletal muscle (MUSCLES, SKELETAL). EC 4.2.1.-


Multiple Basal Cell Nevi, Odontogenic Keratocysts, and Skeletal Anomalies

Hereditary disorder consisting of multiple basal cell carcinomas, odontogenic keratocysts, and multiple skeletal defects, e.g., frontal and temporoparietal bossing, bifurcated and splayed ribs, kyphoscoliosis, fusion of vertebrae, and cervicothoracic spina bifida. Genetic transmission is autosomal dominant.


A surgical procedure performed on selected pairs of vertebral lamina to relieve pressure on the SPINAL CORD and which also allows for osteoplastic enlargement of the SPINAL CANAL.


Neurokinin A
Neurokinin alpha
Neuromedin L
Substance K

A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ B with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the BRONCHI.


Aspartic Endopeptidases
Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases
Aspartyl Endopeptidases

A sub-subclass of endopeptidases that depend on an ASPARTIC ACID residue for their activity.


An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.


Kv1.4 Potassium Channel
KCNA4 Potassium Channel

A fast inactivating subtype of shaker potassium channels that contains two inactivation domains at its N terminus.


Receptors, Concanavalin A
Receptor, Concanavalin A
Concanavalin A Receptor
Concanavalin A Binding Sites
Concanavalin A Receptors

Glycoprotein moieties on the surfaces of cell membranes that bind concanavalin A selectively; the number and location of the sites depends on the type and condition of the cell.


The venous trunk which returns blood from the head, neck, upper extremities and chest.


A globin protein that may protect cells from OXIDATIVE STRESS and function in intracellular oxygen storage and transfer.


Organized services to provide diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of genetic disorders.


Right to Healthcare
Healthcare Rights
Health Rights
Right to Health Care
Right to Health

Right to accessible health services physically within reach for all sections of the population, including children, adolescents, older persons, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups as well as financially and on the basis of non-discrimination. Accessibility also implies the right to seek, receive and impart health-related information in an accessible format for all, including persons with disabilities, but does not impair the right to have personal health data treated confidentially.


Use for articles concerning dental education in general.


A gas that has been used as an aerosol propellant and is the starting material for polyvinyl resins. Toxicity studies have shown various adverse effects, particularly the occurrence of liver neoplasms.


Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transporter Proteins

Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transporters

Noradrenaline Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins

Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins

Sodium chloride-dependent neurotransmitter symporters located primarily on the PLASMA MEMBRANE of noradrenergic neurons. They remove NOREPINEPHRINE from the EXTRACELLULAR SPACE by high affinity reuptake into PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS. The norepinephrine transporter regulates signal amplitude and duration at noradrenergic synapses and is the target of ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITORS.


Roentgen Stereophotogrammetry
Radiostereometric Analysis
Radiostereometry

Methods for performing three-dimensional measurement and motion analysis using stereoscopic radiographs.


Pulmonary Injury
Lung Injury
Lung Injuries
Chronic Lung Injury

Damage to any compartment of the lung caused by physical, chemical, or biological agents which characteristically elicit inflammatory reaction. These inflammatory reactions can either be acute and dominated by NEUTROPHILS, or chronic and dominated by LYMPHOCYTES and MACROPHAGES.


Infections, Salmonella
Salmonellosis
Salmonella Infections

Infections with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.


Alcohol Drinking in College
College Drinking
Alcohol Drinking, College Students
University Student Drinking
College Student Drinking

Alcohol consumption among college students.


Shellfish Allergy
Shellfish Hypersensitivity

Allergic reaction to SHELLFISH or shellfish products.


ran Protein
ran Proteins
ran GTP-Binding Protein
ras-Related Nuclear Protein
TC4 Protein

A monomeric GTP-binding protein involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport of proteins into the nucleus and RNA into the cytoplasm. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.


Pancreatic Extracts
Pancreatic Extract
Pancreatic Tissue Extract
Pancreatic Tissue Extracts

Extracts prepared from pancreatic tissue that may contain the pancreatic enzymes or other specific uncharacterized factors or proteins with specific activities. PANCREATIN is a specific extract containing digestive enzymes and used to treat pancreatic insufficiency.


Evidence-Based Dentistry
Dentistry, Evidence-Based

An approach or process of practicing oral health care that requires the judicious integration of systematic assessments of clinical relevant scientific evidence, relating to the patient's oral and medical condition and history, with the dentist's clinical expertise and the patient's treatment needs and preferences. (from J Am Dent Assoc 134: 689, 2003)


National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (U.S.)

Component of the NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH. Its mission is to improve health by leading the development and accelerating the application of biomedical technologies, and integrating the physical and engineering sciences with the life sciences to advance basic research and medical care. It was established in 2000.


Acidosis caused by accumulation of lactic acid more rapidly than it can be metabolized. It may occur spontaneously or in association with diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; LEUKEMIA; or LIVER FAILURE.


The coagulation of tissue by an intense beam of light, including laser (LASER COAGULATION). In the eye it is used in the treatment of retinal detachments, retinal holes, aneurysms, hemorrhages, and malignant and benign neoplasms. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 3d ed)


Butterbur
Petasites
Coltsfoot, Sweet
Petasites hybridus

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain SESQUITERPENES. The common name of sweet coltsfoot is similar to the common name for TUSSILAGO.


A type I keratin expressed in a variety of EPITHELIUM, including the ESOPHAGUS, the TONGUE, the HAIR FOLLICLE and NAILS. Keratin-16 is normally found associated with KERATIN-6. Mutations in the gene for keratin-6 have been associated with PACHYONYCHIA CONGENITA, TYPE 1.


The phosphoric acid ester of threonine. Used as an identifier in the analysis of peptides, proteins, and enzymes.


A tumor consisting of displaced ectodermal structures along the lines of embryonic fusion, the wall being formed of epithelium-lined connective tissue, including skin appendages, and containing keratin, sebum, and hair. (Stedman, 25th ed)


Hemangioma, Sclerosing, Pulmonary
Sclerosing Hemangioma of the Lung
Lung Sclerosing Hemangioma
Sclerosing Hemangioma, Lung
Pulmonary Sclerosing Hemangioma

A benign neoplasm of pneumocytes, cells of the PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Originally considered to be vascular in origin, it is now classified as an epithelial tumor with several elements, including solid cellular areas, papillary structure, sclerotic regions, and dilated blood-filled spaces resembling HEMANGIOMA.


Radiation, Electromagnetic
Electromagnetic Radiation
Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic Energy

Waves of oscillating electric and MAGNETIC FIELDS which move at right angles to each other and outward from the source.


Humoral factors secreted by the thymus gland. They participate in the development of the lymphoid system and the maturation of the cellular immune response.


Methylarecaidin Arecaline Arecolin Arecholine Arecoline Arecholin

An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.


Terminator Regions
Terminator Sequence
Terminator Regions, Genetic
Transcriptional Terminator Regions

DNA sequences recognized as signals to end GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION.


Vault Ribonucleoprotein Particles
Vault RNP Particles
Ribonucleoprotein Particles, Vault

Large cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein particles that have an eight-fold symmetry with a central pore and petal-like structure giving the appearance of an octagonal dome. (The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 2nd ed.)


Information Services
Information Networks
Services, Information
Information Specialists

Organized services to provide information on any questions an individual might have using databases and other sources. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)


Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus
Vesicular stomatitis-Indiana virus

The type species of VESICULOVIRUS causing a disease symptomatically similar to FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE in cattle, horses, and pigs. It may be transmitted to other species including humans, where it causes influenza-like symptoms.


Fees, Pharmaceutical
Fees, Pharmaceutic
Fee, Pharmacy
Pharmacy Fee
Pharmaceutical Fees

Amounts charged to the patient or third-party payer for medication. It includes the pharmacist's professional fee and cost of ingredients, containers, etc.


Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of CHLOROPLASTS.


An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and water to D-fructose 6-phosphate and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.11.


Clathrin Assembly Protein Complex 1
Clathrin Adaptor Protein Complex 1
Adaptor Protein Complex 1 (AP-1)
Golgi Adaptor Protein 1
Adaptor-Related Protein Complex 1
Adaptor Protein Complex 1

A clathrin adaptor protein complex primarily involved in clathrin-related transport at the TRANS-GOLGI NETWORK.


A species of baboon in the family CERCOPITHECIDAE found in southern Africa. They are dark colored and have a variable social structure.


Hepatocyte-Enriched Transcription Factor HNF-3A

A forkhead transcription factor that is an essential activator of GLUCAGON gene expression.


Coated Materials, Biocompatible
Surface-Coated Materials

Biocompatible materials usually used in dental and bone implants that enhance biologic fixation, thereby increasing the bond strength between the coated material and bone, and minimize possible biological effects that may result from the implant itself.


Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases
Otorhinolaryngological Disease
Otolaryngologic Diseases
Otolaryngological Diseases
ENT Diseases
Otorhinolaryngologic Disease

Pathological processes of the ear, the nose, and the throat, also known as the ENT diseases.


Inflammation Mediators
Mediators of Inflammation

The endogenous compounds that mediate inflammation (AUTACOIDS) and related exogenous compounds including the synthetic prostaglandins (PROSTAGLANDINS, SYNTHETIC).


Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii
Cryptococcus gattii

A species of the fungus CRYPTOCOCCUS. Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella bacillispora.


A genus of IRIDOVIRIDAE which infects fish, amphibians and reptiles. It is non-pathogenic for its natural host, Rana pipiens, but is lethal for other frogs, toads, turtles and salamanders. Frog virus 3 is the type species.


Staff Downsizing
Downsizing, Staff
Rightsizing
Personnel Downsizing

Reducing staff to cut costs or to achieve greater efficiency.


Interleukin-12 Receptor p40 Subunit
Interleukin-12 Receptor beta 1 Chain
Interleukin-12 Receptor beta 1 Subunit

A subunit of the interleukin-12 receptor. It plays a role in receptor signaling by associating with TYK2 KINASE 1.


RNA Polymerase II
DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase II
RNA Pol II
RNA Polymerase B

A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase present in bacterial, plant, and animal cells. It functions in the nucleoplasmic structure and transcribes DNA into RNA. It has different requirements for cations and salt than RNA polymerase I and is strongly inhibited by alpha-amanitin. EC 2.7.7.6.


Any fluid-filled closed cavity or sac that is lined by an EPITHELIUM. Cysts can be of normal, abnormal, non-neoplastic, or neoplastic tissues.


Centromere Protein B
Centromere Autoantigen 80K
CENP-B Protein

A DNA-binding protein that interacts with a 17-base pair sequence known as the CENP-B box motif. The protein is localized constitutively to the CENTROMERE and plays an important role in its maintenance.


Ferredoxin III
Ferredoxin II
Ferredoxin I
Ferredoxin
Ferredoxins

Iron-containing proteins that transfer electrons, usually at a low potential, to flavoproteins; the iron is not present as in heme. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)


Large, chiefly nocturnal mammals of the cat family FELIDAE, species Panthera leo. They are found in Africa and southern Asia.


National Practitioner Databank
National Practitioner Data Bank

A databank established by the Health Care Quality Improvement Act of 1986 authorizing the Department of Health and Human Services to collect and release information on the professional competence and conduct of physicians, dentists, nurses, and other health care practitioners. The data include adverse actions on physicians' malpractice, licensure, hospital privileges, concealing of pertinent information, and the like.


Progressive Muscular Dystrophy, Facioscapulohumeral Type

Facioscapulohumeral Type Progressive Muscular Dystrophy

An autosomal dominant degenerative muscle disease characterized by slowly progressive weakness of the muscles of the face, upper-arm, and shoulder girdle. The onset of symptoms usually occurs in the first or second decade of life. Affected individuals usually present with impairment of upper extremity elevation. This tends to be followed by facial weakness, primarily involving the orbicularis oris and orbicularis oculi muscles. (Neuromuscul Disord 1997;7(1):55-62; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1420)


The application of pathology to questions of law.


Study of the origins and development of the field of PHARMACY.


Countermeasures, Weightlessness
Weightlessness Countermeasures

Techniques and routines designed to prevent or reverse unwanted effects of weightlessness experienced during actual and simulated space flight, including physiologic changes related to removal of gravitational loading. Specific measures include creation of artificial gravity, exercise, low-level lower body negative pressure, and use of anti-deconditioning devices. (From Nicogossian, Space Physiology and Medicine, 2d ed, pp294-297)


Microscopy, Polarization
Microscopy, Polarized Light
Polarization Microscopy

Microscopy using polarized light in which phenomena due to the preferential orientation of optical properties with respect to the vibration plane of the polarized light are made visible and correlated parameters are made measurable.


Preoptico-Hypothalamic Area
Hypothalamus
Lamina Terminalis

Ventral part of the DIENCEPHALON extending from the region of the OPTIC CHIASM to the caudal border of the MAMMILLARY BODIES and forming the inferior and lateral walls of the THIRD VENTRICLE.


Intracranial Hypertension, Idiopathic
Benign Intracranial Hypertension
Intracranial Hypertension, Benign
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Pseudotumor Cerebri

A condition marked by raised intracranial pressure and characterized clinically by HEADACHES; NAUSEA; PAPILLEDEMA, peripheral constriction of the visual fields, transient visual obscurations, and pulsatile TINNITUS. OBESITY is frequently associated with this condition, which primarily affects women between 20 and 44 years of age. Chronic PAPILLEDEMA may lead to optic nerve injury (see OPTIC NERVE DISEASES) and visual loss (see BLINDNESS).


Neurophysiologic Monitoring
Neurophysiological Monitoring

The systematic checking of the condition and function of a patient's CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM during disease periods or following injuries, using various NEUROLOGICAL DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES.


Homoserine Transsuccinylase
Homoserine Succinyltransferase
Homoserine O-Succinyltransferase

The first enzyme in the METHIONINE biosynthetic pathway, this enzyme catalyzes the succinylation reaction of L-homoserine to O-succinyl-L-homoserine and COENZYME A using succinyl-CoA.


A phenylethylamine derivative that acts as a calcium antagonist showing hemodynamic effects in patients with acute myocardial infarction.


One of the three domains of life (the others being BACTERIA and ARCHAEA), also called Eukarya. These are organisms whose cells are enclosed in membranes and possess a nucleus. They comprise almost all multicellular and many unicellular organisms, and are traditionally divided into groups (sometimes called kingdoms) including ANIMALS; PLANTS; FUNGI; and various algae and other taxa that were previously part of the old kingdom Protista.


An organophosphorus compound that inhibits cholinesterase. It causes seizures and has been used as a chemical warfare agent.


Bionic Eye
Retinal Prosthesis
Visual Prosthesis

Artificial device such as an externally-worn camera attached to a stimulator on the RETINA, OPTIC NERVE, or VISUAL CORTEX, intended to restore or amplify vision.


Poly(rA)-Poly(rU)
Poly r(A-U)
Poly A-U
Polyadenylic-Polyuridylic Acid

A double-stranded polyribonucleotide comprising polyadenylic and polyuridylic acids.


Slaughter House
Slaughterhouses
Abattoirs
Slaughter Houses

Places where animals are slaughtered and dressed for market.


A triazine nucleoside used as an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis thereby preventing formation of cellular nucleic acids. As the triacetate, it is also effective as an antipsoriatic.


Deformity, Congenital Hand
Hand Deformity, Congenital
Congenital Hand Deformity
Hand Deformities, Congenital
Deformities, Congenital Hand
Congenital Hand Deformities

Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the hand occurring at or before birth.


Nuclear Transplantation
Nuclear Transfer Techniques
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Technique

Methods of implanting a CELL NUCLEUS from a donor cell into an enucleated acceptor cell.


ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1
ARF1 Protein
ARF1p
ARF 1 Protein

ADP-RIBOSYLATION FACTOR 1 is involved in regulating intracellular transport by modulating the interaction of coat proteins with organelle membranes in the early secretory pathway. It is a component of COAT PROTEIN COMPLEX I. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.


Physical Therapist Assistants
Physical Therapy Assistants

Persons who, under the supervision of licensed PHYSICAL THERAPISTS, provide patient treatment using various PHYSICAL THERAPY TECHNIQUES.


Smoothened Receptors
Smoothened Protein
Smoothened Receptor

A frizzled-like, G-protein-coupled receptor that associates with PATCHED RECEPTORS to transduce signals from HEDGEHOG PROTEINS and initiate hedgehog signaling to ZINC FINGER PROTEIN GLI1. It may normally inhibit signaling in the absence of SONIC HEDGEHOG PROTEIN binding to PATCHED RECEPTOR-1.


Deficiency Disease, GM2 Protein Activator

GM2 Protein Activator Deficiency Disease

Hexosaminidase Activator Protein Deficiency Disease

A progressive neurodegenerative disorder that begins with muscle weakness, then progresses to startle reaction, retardation and seizures. It is characterized by the accumulation of G(M2) GANGLIOSIDE in neurons that is caused by a lack of G(M2) ACTIVATOR PROTEIN function. The AB variant designation refers to the increase of both HEXOSAMINIDASE A and HEXOSAMINIDASE B in tissues that lack of G(M2) activator protein.


Secretary, Medical
Medical Secretaries
Secretaries, Medical
Medical Secretary

Individuals responsible for various duties pertaining to the medical office routine.


Bonding, Human-Pet
Animal-Human Bonding
Pet-Human Bonding
Human-Pet Bonding

The emotional attachment of individuals to PETS.


Balamuthia Infection
Iodamoebiasis
Amoebiasis
Amebiasis
Acanthamoeba Infection
Ameboma
Abscess, Amebic

Infection with any of various amebae. It is an asymptomatic carrier state in most individuals, but diseases ranging from chronic, mild diarrhea to fulminant dysentery may occur.


A gonadal stromal neoplasm composed only of THECA CELLS, occurring mostly in the postmenopausal OVARY. It is filled with lipid-containing spindle cells and produces ESTROGENS that can lead to ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA; UTERINE HEMORRHAGE; or other malignancies in postmenopausal women and sexual precocity in girls. When tumors containing theca cells also contain FIBROBLASTS, they are identified as thecoma-fibroma tumors with less active hormone production.


Short chain carbohydrate molecules that have hydroxyl groups attached to each carbon atom unit with the exception of one carbon that has a doubly-bond aldehyde or ketone oxygen. Cyclical sugar molecules are formed when the aldehyde or ketone groups respectively form a hemiacetal or hemiketal bond with one of the hydroxyl carbons. The three dimensional structure of the sugar molecule occurs in a vast array of biological and synthetic classes of specialized compounds including AMINO SUGARS; CARBASUGARS; DEOXY SUGARS; SUGAR ACIDS; SUGAR ALCOHOLS; and SUGAR PHOSPHATES.


A structure found in plants, fungi, and algae, that produces and contains spores.


Secretion Pathway
Secretion Process
Secretory Pathway
Secretory Process

A series of sequential intracellular steps involved in the transport of proteins (such as hormones and enzymes) from the site of synthesis to outside the cell. The pathway involves membrane-bound compartments through which the newly synthesized proteins undergo POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS, packaging, storage, or transportation to the PLASMA MEMBRANE for secretion.


Deoxyuridine Phosphates
Deoxyuracil Nucleotides

Uracil nucleotides which contain deoxyribose as the sugar moiety.


Oncostatin M Receptor beta
Oncostatin M Receptor beta Chain
Oncostatin M Receptor beta Subunit
Receptor, Oncostatin M, beta Subunit

An ONCOSTATIN M-specific receptor subunit that combines with CYTOKINE RECEPTOR GP130 to form the ONCOSTATIN M TYPE II RECEPTOR.


Immunologic Deficiency Syndrome, Acquired

An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.


Copper chelator that inhibits monoamine oxidase and causes liver and brain damage.


Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1

A cell adhesion molecule, composed of a series of Ig-like domains, and expressed on virtually all MONOCYTES; PLATELETS; and GRANULOCYTES. PECAM-1 is highly expressed on endothelial cells and concentrated at the junctions between them. It is essential for TRANSENDOTHELIAL MIGRATION of leukocytes and removal of apoptotic cells by PHAGOCYTES.


Dehiscence, Surgical Wound
Surgical Wound Dehiscence
Wound Dehiscence, Surgical

Pathologic process consisting of a partial or complete disruption of the layers of a surgical wound.


Perennial herb Symphytum officinale, in the family Boraginaceae, used topically for wound healing. It contains ALLANTOIN, carotene, essential oils (OILS, VOLATILE); GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, resin, SAPONINS; TANNINS; triterpenoids, VITAMIN B12, and ZINC. Comfrey also contains PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS and is hepatotoxic if ingested.


Outcome Assessment, Patient
Assessment, Patient Outcomes
Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Assessment, Patient Outcome
Outcomes Assessments, Patient
Patient Outcome Assessment

Patient-generated evaluation data of treatment outcome or interaction in healthcare environment.


Visceral Larva Migrans Syndrome
Larva Migrans, Visceral

A condition produced in man by the prolonged migration of animal nematode larvae in extraintestinal tissues other than skin; characterized by persistent hypereosinophilia, hepatomegaly, and frequently pneumonitis, commonly caused by Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati.


Geographic Cartography
Geographic Mapping
Geocoding
Choropleth Mapping
Georeferencing
Dasymetric Mapping

Depiction of quantitative areal data using boundaries that divide the area into zones of relative data homogeneity to portray the data distribution.


Heat-Shock Protein
Stress Proteins
Heat-Shock Proteins

Proteins which are synthesized in eukaryotic organisms and bacteria in response to hyperthermia and other environmental stresses. They increase thermal tolerance and perform functions essential to cell survival under these conditions.


Nocturnal Enuresis
Nighttime Urinary Incontinence
Bedwetting

Involuntary discharge of URINE during sleep at night after expected age of completed development of urinary control.


Adenosine Receptors
Receptor, Purinergic P1
Purinergic P1 Receptors
Receptors, Adenosine
P1 Purinoceptors
Receptors, Purinergic P1
P1 Purinoceptor
Adenosine Receptor

A class of cell surface receptors that prefer ADENOSINE to other endogenous PURINES. Purinergic P1 receptors are widespread in the body including the cardiovascular, respiratory, immune, and nervous systems. There are at least two pharmacologically distinguishable types (A1 and A2, or Ri and Ra).


Feigned coma or psychogenic coma. These patients appear comatose (i.e., unresponsive, unarousable, or both) but have no structural lesion, metabolic or toxic disorder.


N2 Fixation
Dinitrogen Fixation
Diazotrophic Activity
Nitrogen Fixation
Diazotrophy

The process in certain BACTERIA; FUNGI; and CYANOBACTERIA converting free atmospheric NITROGEN to biologically usable forms of nitrogen, such as AMMONIA; NITRATES; and amino compounds.


Granuloma, Eosinophilic
Eosinophilic Granuloma

The most benign and common form of Langerhans-cell histiocytosis which involves localized nodular lesions predominantly of the bones but also of the gastric mucosa, small intestine, lungs, or skin, with infiltration by EOSINOPHILS.


Anterior Cerebral Artery
Cerebral Artery, Anterior

Artery formed by the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL). Branches of the anterior cerebral artery supply the CAUDATE NUCLEUS; INTERNAL CAPSULE; PUTAMEN; SEPTAL NUCLEI; GYRUS CINGULI; and surfaces of the FRONTAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE.


Thymosin alpha(1)
Thymalfasin
Zadaxin
alpha1-Thymosin
Thymosin alpha1

A thymus hormone polypeptide found in thymosin fraction 5 (a crude thymus gland extract) but now produced by synthesis. It is used alone or with interferon as an immunomodulator for the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C. Thymalfasin is also used for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression, and to enhance the efficacy of influenza and hepatitis B vaccines in immunocompromised patients.


MCF Viruses
Mink cell focus-inducing virus
Mink Cell Focus-Inducing Viruses

Strains of MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS discovered in 1976 by Hartley, Wolford, Old, and Rowe and so named because the viruses originally isolated had the capacity to transform cell foci in mink cell cultures. MCF viruses are generated by recombination with ecotropic murine leukemia viruses including AKR, Friend, Moloney, and Rauscher, causing ERYTHROLEUKEMIA and severe anemia in mice.


Venous Media
Arterial Media
Tunica Media
Vascular Media

The middle layer of blood vessel walls, composed principally of thin, cylindrical, smooth muscle cells and elastic tissue. It accounts for the bulk of the wall of most arteries. The smooth muscle cells are arranged in circular layers around the vessel, and the thickness of the coat varies with the size of the vessel.


Polyethylene Glycol
Macrogols
Polyglycol
Polyethylene Glycols
Polyoxyethylenes
Carbowax
Macrogol
Polyethyleneoxide
Polyethylene Oxide

Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water, and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid depending on the molecular weight indicated by a number following the name. They are used as SURFACTANTS, dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, and tablet excipients. Some specific groups are NONOXYNOLS, OCTOXYNOLS, and POLOXAMERS.


Homeopathic Formularies as Topic
Formularies, Homeopathic as Topic

Works about formularies concerned with HOMEOPATHIC REMEDIES.


Taraxacum
Dandelion
Taraxacum officinale

A plant genus of the family Asteraceae. Members contain chicoric and chlorogenic acids and germacrane- and eudesmane-type SESQUITERPENES.


MERTK
c-Mer Proto-Oncogene Tyrosine Kinase
c-Mer Tyrosine Kinase

A receptor tyrosine kinase that transduces signals from EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX to the CYTOPLASM by binding ligands such as GALECTIN 3. It regulates many physiologic processes that include cell survival, migration, differentiation, and PHAGOCYTOSIS of apoptotic cells and ROD PHOTORECEPTORS in the RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM. Mutations in the MERTK gene are associated with type 38 RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA; it also plays a critical role as an inhibitor of TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS signaling.


An NAD+ dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 2-aminomuconate 6-semialdehyde to 2-aminomuconate.


Fibroblast Collagenase
Collagenase-2
MMP-8 Metalloproteinase
Matrix Metalloproteinase 8
Neutrophil Collagenase
Matrix Metalloproteinase-8
MMP8 Metalloproteinase

A member of the MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES that cleaves triple-helical COLLAGEN types I, II, and III.


Pulmonary Elimination
Pulmonary Excretion

The discharge of substances from the pulmonary capillary blood into the alveolar space to be exhaled or removed by MUCOCILIARY CLEARANCE.


Gene Products, Fungal
Fungal Proteins
Fungal Gene Products
Fungal Peptides
Yeast Proteins
Fungal Gene Proteins

Proteins found in any species of fungus.


Water-soluble, copper-containing low molecular weight polypeptides obtained from the culture medium of Streptomyces verticillus. They are specific inhibitors of DNA synthesis in bacteria and have been found to act as antitumor agents. They have also been used against rust fungi of plants.


Adrenal 4 Binding Protein
Steroid Hormone Receptor Ad4BP
Nuclear Receptor 5A1 Protein
Steroidogenic Factor 1
SF-1 Transcription Factor
Fushi Tarazu Factor Homolog 1
AD4BP Protein
Ad4-Binding Protein
FTZF1 Protein
NR5A1 Protein

A transcription factor and member of the nuclear receptor family NR5 that is expressed throughout the adrenal and reproductive axes during development. It plays an important role in sexual differentiation, formation of primary steroidogenic tissues, and their functions in post-natal and adult life. It regulates the expression of key steroidogenic enzymes.


Lubricating Eye Drops
Tears, Artificial
Artificial Tears
Lubricant Eye Drops

Ophthalmic solutions that include LUBRICANTS and WETTING AGENTS such as POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL; HYPROMELLOSE; GLYCEROL; PROPYLENE GLYCOL. They are used to treat conditions caused by deficient tear production such as DRY EYE SYNDROME.


Whipworm Infection
Trichuriasis
Trichocephaliasis
Trichuris Infection
Trichuris trichiura Infection

Infection with nematodes of the genus TRICHURIS, formerly called Trichocephalus.


A narcotic analgesic morphinan used as a sedative in veterinary practice.


Bacteriophage phi X 174
phi X 174 Phage
Coliphage phi X 174
Enterobacteria phage phi X 174
Phage phi X 174
Phage phi X174

The type species of the genus MICROVIRUS. A prototype of the small virulent DNA coliphages, it is composed of a single strand of supercoiled circular DNA, which on infection, is converted to a double-stranded replicative form by a host enzyme.


Myocardial Infarction
Cardiovascular Stroke
Heart Attack
Myocardial Infarct

NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).


Myeloid Leukemia, Chronic, Accelerated Phase

Myelogenous Leukemia, Chronic, Aggressive Phase

Myeloid Leukemia, Chronic, Aggressive Phase

Myeloid Leukemia, Chronic, Aggressive-Phase

Myeloid Leukemia, Chronic, Accelerated-Phase

Myelogenous Leukemia, Chronic, Aggressive-Phase

The phase of chronic myeloid leukemia following the chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC-PHASE), where there are increased systemic symptoms, worsening cytopenias, and refractory LEUKOCYTOSIS.


GTP Phosphohydrolase-Linked Elongation Factors

Factors that utilize energy from the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP for peptide chain elongation. EC 3.6.1.-.


Retinal S-Antigen
Arrestin
S-Antigen, Retinal

A 48-Kd protein of the outer segment of the retinal rods and a component of the phototransduction cascade. Arrestin quenches G-protein activation by binding to phosphorylated photolyzed rhodopsin. Arrestin causes experimental autoimmune uveitis when injected into laboratory animals.


GX sPLA(2)
sPLA2-X
sPLA(2)-X
Group X Secretory Phospholipase A2
Phospholipase A2, Group X
Group X Phospholipases A2
Group X Secretory Phospholipase A(2)
Phospholipases A2, Group X

A secreted phospholipase A2 subtype that contains a interfacial-binding region with specificity for PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE. This enzyme group may play a role in eliciting ARACHIDONIC ACID release from intact cellular membranes and from LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. Members of this group bind specifically to PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 RECEPTORS.


Cell-Penetrating Peptides
Peptides, Cell-Penetrating

Peptides that have the ability to enter cells by crossing the plasma membrane directly, or through uptake by the endocytotic pathway.


A carotenoid produced in most carotenogenic organisms. It is one of several sequentially synthesized molecules that are precursors to BETA CAROTENE.


Drug Switching
Generic Substitution
Therapeutic Substitution
Drug Substitution

The practice of replacing one prescribed drug with another that is expected to have the same clinical or psychological effect.


Nuclear Matrix Binding Proteins
Nuclear Matrix Proteins
Nuclear Matrix-Associated Proteins
Nuclear Scaffold Proteins
Protein, Nuclear Scaffold

A broad category of nuclear proteins that are components of or participate in the formation of the NUCLEAR MATRIX.


National Institute of Nursing Research (U.S.)

Component of the NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH. It conducts and supports clinical and basic research to establish a scientific basis for the care of individuals across the life span, from the management of patients during illness and recovery to the reduction of risks for disease and disability; the promotion of healthy lifestyles; the promotion of quality of life in those with chronic illness; and the care for individuals at the end of life. It was established in 1986.


HLA Class II Histocompatibility Antigen, DP alpha Chains

Transmembrane proteins that form the alpha subunits of the HLA-DP antigens.


Near Miss, Healthcare
Close Call, Healthcare

Event that presented a risk but did not result in a patient harm.


Dental Society
Dental Societies
Societies, Dental
Society, Dental

Societies whose membership is limited to dentists.


Oncogene Proteins v-erbA
v-erbA Proteins
Oncogene Products v-erbA
erbA Oncogene Proteins

Transforming proteins encoded by erbA oncogenes from the avian erythroblastosis virus. They are truncated versions of c-erbA, the thyroid hormone receptor (RECEPTORS, THYROID HORMONE) that have retained both the DNA-binding and hormone-binding domains. Mutations in the hormone-binding domains abolish the transcriptional activation function. v-erbA acts as a dominant repressor of c-erbA, inducing transformation by disinhibiting proliferation.


Gangliosidosis
Ganglioside Storage Diseases
Ganglioside Storage Disorders
Gangliosidoses

A group of autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorders marked by the accumulation of GANGLIOSIDES. They are caused by impaired enzymes or defective cofactors required for normal ganglioside degradation in the LYSOSOMES. Gangliosidoses are classified by the specific ganglioside accumulated in the defective degradation pathway.


Na(+)-Ca(2+) Exchanger
Calcium-Sodium Exchanger
Sodium-Calcium Exchanger
Calcium-Sodium Carrier
Ca(2+)-Na(+) Antiporter
Ca(2+)-Na(+) Exchanger
Sodium-Calcium Antiporter
Na(+)-Ca(2+) Antiporter
Sodium-Calcium Carrier
Calcium-Sodium Antiporter

An electrogenic ion exchange protein that maintains a steady level of calcium by removing an amount of calcium equal to that which enters the cells. It is widely distributed in most excitable membranes, including the brain and heart.


Magnetic Field Therapy
Magnetic Stimulation Therapy

The magnetic stimulation of specific target tissues or areas of the body for therapeutic purposes via the application of magnetic fields generated by MAGNETS or ELECTROMAGNETS.


Reactive Disorders
Transient Situational Disturbance
Adjustment Disorder
Adjustment Disorders
Depression, Reactive
Anniversary Reaction

Maladaptive reactions to identifiable psychosocial stressors occurring within a short time after onset of the stressor. They are manifested by either impairment in social or occupational functioning or by symptoms (depression, anxiety, etc.) that are in excess of a normal and expected reaction to the stressor.


Intraabdominal Hypertension
Intra-Abdominal Hypertension
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome

Pathological elevation of intra-abdominal pressure (>12 mm Hg). It may develop as a result of SEPSIS; PANCREATITIS; capillary leaks, burns, or surgery. When the pressure is higher than 20 mm Hg, often with end-organ dysfunction, it is referred to as abdominal compartment syndrome.


Also called the shoulder blade, it is a flat triangular bone, a pair of which form the back part of the shoulder girdle.


Threatened Miscarriage
Abortion, Threatened

UTERINE BLEEDING from a GESTATION of less than 20 weeks without any CERVICAL DILATATION. It is characterized by vaginal bleeding, lower back discomfort, or midline pelvic cramping and a risk factor for MISCARRIAGE.


Interleukin-8 Receptors
IL8 Receptors
Receptors, Interleukin-8
IL-8 Receptors

Cell surface receptors that are specific for INTERLEUKIN-8. Two specific receptor subtypes (type A and B) have been found and bind IL-8 with high affinity.


Archaeal Proteins
Archaeal Gene Proteins
Gene Products, Archaeal
Archaeal Gene Products
Archaeal Peptides

Proteins found in any species of archaeon.


Cysts, Dental Root
Dental Root Cysts
Lateral Cyst
Dental Root Cyst
Periodontal Cyst
Root Cysts, Dental
Root Cyst, Dental
Dentoalveolar Cyst
Cyst, Dental Root

An epithelium-lined sac containing fluid; usually found at the apex of a pulp-involved tooth. The lateral type occurs less frequently along the side of the root.


Neuropathy, Subacute Combined Degeneration

Subacute Combined Neuropathy Degeneration

A neuropathy due to VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY or to excessive NITROUS OXIDE inhalation. It is associated with overproduction of the myelinolytic TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA.


A plant species of the family FABACEAE widely cultivated for ANIMAL FEED.


Adjuvant Radiotherapy
Radiotherapy, Adjuvant

Radiotherapy given to augment some other form of treatment such as surgery or chemotherapy. Adjuvant radiotherapy is commonly used in the therapy of cancer and can be administered before or after the primary treatment.


Budgerigar Fancier's Lung
Avian Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis, Avian
Pigeon Breeder's Lung
Pneumonitis, Hypersensitivity, Avian
Pneumonitis, Avian Hypersensitivity
Bird Fancier's Lung

A form of alveolitis or pneumonitis due to an acquired hypersensitivity to inhaled avian antigens, usually proteins in the dust of bird feathers and droppings.


A pair of openings from the posterior cranial fossa through which the GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE; VAGUS NERVE; ACCESSORY NERVE and the internal JUGULAR VEINS pass.


Trichothecenes, Type A
Type A Trichothecenes

A subclass of Trichothecene derivatives that include the 12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene structure of the molecule with the C-8 position containing either no oxygen substitution, a hydroxyl group at C-8, or an ester function at C-8.


Infectious bronchitis virus
Infectious Bronchitis Virus, Avian
Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus

A species of CORONAVIRUS causing infections in chickens and possibly pheasants. Chicks up to four weeks old are the most severely affected.


Sodium-Chloride Transporter
Sodium-Chloride Cotransporter
Na-Cl-Symporters
Sodium Chloride Symporters
Sodium Chloride Cotransporters

A subclass of symporters found in KIDNEY TUBULES, DISTAL that are the major pathway for salt resorption. Inhibition of these symporters by BENZOTHIADIAZINES is the basis of action of some DIURETICS.


A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)


Ribonuclease H, Human Immunodeficiency Virus

A ribonuclease activity that is a component of the HIV REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE. It removes the RNA strand of the RNA-DNA heteroduplex produced by reverse transcription. Once the RNA moiety is removed a double stranded DNA copy of the HIV RNA can be synthesized.


Rapid and extreme blood loss leading to HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK.


Glomerular Mesangium
Mesangial Extracellular Matrix
Mesangium, Glomerular

The thin membranous structure supporting the adjoining glomerular capillaries. It is composed of GLOMERULAR MESANGIAL CELLS and their EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX.


Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor
Inhibitor, Lupus Coagulation
Coagulation Inhibitor, Lupus
Anticoagulant, Lupus
Lupus Anticoagulant

An antiphospholipid antibody found in association with systemic lupus erythematosus (LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC;), ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME; and in a variety of other diseases as well as in healthy individuals. In vitro, the antibody interferes with the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin and prolongs the partial thromboplastin time. In vivo, it exerts a procoagulant effect resulting in thrombosis mainly in the larger veins and arteries. It further causes obstetrical complications, including fetal death and spontaneous abortion, as well as a variety of hematologic and neurologic complications.


Distinct regions of mesenchymal outgrowth at both flanks of an embryo during the SOMITE period. Limb buds, covered by ECTODERM, give rise to forelimb, hindlimb, and eventual functional limb structures. Limb bud cultures are used to study CELL DIFFERENTIATION; ORGANOGENESIS; and MORPHOGENESIS.


Natriuretic Peptide Type-B
Type-B Natriuretic Peptide
Brain Natriuretic Peptide-32
Nesiritide
Natrecor
Ventricular Natriuretic Peptide, B-type
B-Type Natriuretic Peptide
Natriuretic Factor-32
BNP Gene Product
Brain Natriuretic Peptide
BNP-32
Natriuretic Peptide, Brain

A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.


Compounds used in food or in food preparation to replace dietary fats. They may be carbohydrate-, protein-, or fat-based. Fat substitutes are usually lower in calories but provide the same texture as fats.


Conditions with abnormally elevated levels of LIPOPROTEINS in the blood. They may be inherited, acquired, primary, or secondary. Hyperlipoproteinemias are classified according to the pattern of lipoproteins on electrophoresis or ultracentrifugation.


Shrimp, Pandalid
Pandalidae
Pandalid Shrimp
Pandalus


Phenyl esters of carbamic acid or of N-substituted carbamic acids. Structures are similar to PHENYLUREA COMPOUNDS with a carbamate in place of the urea.


GABA Modulators
GABAergic Modulators
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Modulators

Substances that do not act as agonists or antagonists but do affect the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor-ionophore complex. GABA-A receptors (RECEPTORS, GABA-A) appear to have at least three allosteric sites at which modulators act: a site at which BENZODIAZEPINES act by increasing the opening frequency of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride channels; a site at which BARBITURATES act to prolong the duration of channel opening; and a site at which some steroids may act. GENERAL ANESTHETICS probably act at least partly by potentiating GABAergic responses, but they are not included here.


Drug Screening
Drug Evaluations, Preclinical
Evaluation Studies, Drug, Pre-Clinical
Drug Evaluation Studies, Preclinical
Preclinical Drug Evaluations
Evaluation, Preclinical Drug
Preclinical Drug Evaluation
Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
Medicinal Plants Testing, Preclinical
Evaluation Studies, Drug, Preclinical
Evaluations, Preclinical Drug

Preclinical testing of drugs in experimental animals or in vitro for their biological and toxic effects and potential clinical applications.


Hypsibius
Hypsibius dujardini
Tartigrades
Tardigrada
Eutardigrada
Water Bears
Hypsibiinae
Hypsibiidae
Hypsibius exemplaris

A phylum of microscopic ecdysozoan invertebrates, closely related to ARTHROPODS. Members exhibit anabiosis and cryptobiosis, dormant states where metabolic activity is reduced or absent, thus making them tolerant to extreme environmental conditions. They are distributed worldwide and most are semi-aquatic.


Proto-Oncogene Proteins
Proto Oncogene Proteins, Cellular
c-onc Proteins
Cellular Proto-Oncogene Proteins
Proto-Oncogene Products, Cellular

Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity.


A xylosidase that catalyses the random hydrolysis of 1,3-beta-D-xylosidic linkages in 1,3-beta-D-xylans.


A phospholipid from the platelet membrane that contributes to the blood clotting cascade by forming a phospholipid-protein complex (THROMBOPLASTIN) which serves as a cofactor with FACTOR VIIA to activate FACTOR X in the extrinsic pathway of BLOOD COAGULATION.


A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.


Shunt, Surgical Portasystemic
Surgical Portasystemic Shunt
Portasystemic Shunt, Surgical
Shunt, Surgical Portosystemic
Portasystemic Shunt
Portosystemic Shunt
Surgical Portosystemic Shunt
Portosystemic Shunt, Surgical

Surgical venous shunt between the portal and systemic circulation to effect decompression of the portal circulation. It is performed primarily in the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices resulting from portal hypertension. Types of shunt include portacaval, splenorenal, mesocaval, splenocaval, left gastric-caval (coronary-caval), portarenal, umbilicorenal, and umbilicocaval.


Student, Dental
Dental Student
Students, Dental
Dental Students

Individuals enrolled a school of dentistry or a formal educational program in leading to a degree in dentistry.


Cerebrospinal Axis
Central Nervous System

The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges.


Steroids, Brominated
Brominated Steroids

Steroids which are substituted with one or more bromine atoms in any position.


Under-Developed Nations
Less-Developed Countries
Third-World Nations
Developing Countries
Least Developed Countries
Developing Nations
Under-Developed Countries
Less-Developed Nations
Third-World Countries

Countries in the process of change with economic growth, that is, an increase in production, per capita consumption, and income. The process of economic growth involves better utilization of natural and human resources, which results in a change in the social, political, and economic structures.


T-Cell Antigen Receptor beta-Chain Gene Rearrangement

Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor

Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T Cell Antigen Receptor

T-Lymphocyte Antigen Receptor beta-Chain Gene Rearrangement

T Lymphocyte beta-Chain Gene Rearrangement

Ordered rearrangement of T-cell variable gene regions coding for the beta-chain of antigen receptors.


A technique for maintenance or growth of animal organs in vitro. It refers to three-dimensional cultures of undisaggregated tissue retaining some or all of the histological features of the tissue in vivo. (Freshney, Culture of Animal Cells, 3d ed, p1)


A group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of alpha- or beta-xylosidic linkages. EC 3.2.1.8 catalyzes the endo-hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-xylosidic linkages; EC 3.2.1.32 catalyzes the endo-hydrolysis of 1,3-beta-D-xylosidic linkages; EC 3.2.1.37 catalyzes the exo-hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-linkages from the non-reducing termini of xylans; and EC 3.2.1.72 catalyzes the exo-hydrolysis of 1,3-beta-D-linkages from the non-reducing termini of xylans. Other xylosidases have been identified that catalyze the hydrolysis of alpha-xylosidic bonds.


Catalyzes the hydrolysis of pteroylpolyglutamic acids in gamma linkage to pterolylmonoglutamic acid and free glutamic acid. EC 3.4.19.9.


A partial joint replacement in which only one surface of the joint is replaced with a PROSTHESIS.


Disulone
Diaphenylsulfone
4,4'-Diaminophenyl Sulfone
Dapsoderm-X
Sulfonyldianiline
Dapsone
Avlosulfone
Diaminodiphenylsulfone
Sulfona
DADPS
Dapson-Fatol

A sulfone active against a wide range of bacteria but mainly employed for its actions against MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. Its mechanism of action is probably similar to that of the SULFONAMIDES which involves inhibition of folic acid synthesis in susceptible organisms. It is also used with PYRIMETHAMINE in the treatment of malaria. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p157-8)


A member of the beta-globin family. In humans, delta-globin is encoded in the beta-globin gene cluster located on CHROMOSOME 11. Two delta-globin chains along with two alpha-globin chains form HEMOGLOBIN A2 which makes up about 3% of the HEMOGLOBIN in adults.


Persons who receive ambulatory care at an outpatient department or clinic without room and board being provided.


Earth, Planet
Planet Earth
Earth (Planet)

Planet that is the third in order from the sun. It is one of the four inner or terrestrial planets of the SOLAR SYSTEM.


ESTER derivatives of formic acid with the formula H-COO-R.


A white crystalline compound prepared by condensation of benzaldehyde in potassium cyanide and used in organic syntheses. This should not be confused with benzoin gum from STYRAX.


Reticuloendotheliosis, Avian
Avian Reticuloendotheliosis

A group of pathologic syndromes found in avian species caused by RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS VIRUS. The distinct syndromes include non-neoplastic runting, acute neoplastic disease, and chronic neoplastic disease. Humans and mammals appear resistant.


Lobomycosis
Keloidal Blastomycosis
Jorge Lobo's Disease
Lacaziosis
Jorge Lobo Disease

A chronic, fungal, subcutaneous infection endemic in rural regions in South America and Central America. The causal organism is Lacazia labol.


Supreme Court Decisions
United States Supreme Court Decisions
United States Supreme Court

The highest federal court in the United States, consisting of nine justices and having jurisdiction over all other courts in the nation. (American Heritage Dictionary, 4th ed)


Home-Bound Persons
Homebound Persons
House-Bound Persons
Shut-Ins

Those unable to leave home without exceptional effort and support; patients (in this condition) who are provided with or are eligible for home health services, including medical treatment and personal care. Persons are considered homebound even if they may be infrequently and briefly absent from home if these absences do not indicate an ability to receive health care in a professional's office or health care facility. (From Facts on File Dictionary of Health Care Management, 1988, p309)


Technics, Combinatorial Chemistry
Chemistry Technique, Combinatorial
Chemistry Techniques, Combinatorial
Technique, Combinatorial Chemistry
Combinatorial Chemistry Technic
Techniques, Combinatorial Chemistry
Technic, Combinatorial Chemistry
Combinatorial Chemistry Technique
Combinatorial Chemistry Technics
Chemistry Technic, Combinatorial
Chemistry Technics, Combinatorial
Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques

A technology, in which sets of reactions for solution or solid-phase synthesis, is used to create molecular libraries for analysis of compounds on a large scale.


Concentration or quantity that is derived from the smallest measure that can be detected with reasonable certainty for a given analytical procedure.


Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 10

A transmembrane-protein belonging to the TNF family of intercellular signaling proteins. It is a widely expressed ligand that activates APOPTOSIS by binding to TNF-RELATED APOPTOSIS-INDUCING LIGAND RECEPTORS. The membrane-bound form of the protein can be cleaved by specific CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASES to form a soluble ligand form.


Nucleosomal Binding Protein 1, High Mobility Group

An evolutionarily-conserved 10-kDa nuclear protein that binds NUCLEOSOMES and may be involved in the process of CHROMATIN unfolding.


Health Personnel Alert Fatigue
Alert Fatigue, Health Personnel
Alert Fatigue Health Personnel

Mental fatigue experienced by health care providers who encounter numerous alerts and reminders from the use of CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS. As the numbers of alerts and reminders designed to provide meaningful assistance to the patient care process increases, many health personnel may ignore them.


Infectious Disease Reservoirs
Disease Reservoirs

Animate or inanimate sources which normally harbor disease-causing organisms and thus serve as potential sources of disease outbreaks. Reservoirs are distinguished from vectors (DISEASE VECTORS) and carriers, which are agents of disease transmission rather than continuing sources of potential disease outbreaks.


Rat, Inbred Strain
Inbred Rat Strains
Inbred Strain of Rat
Rats, Inbred Strains
Inbred Strains of Rats
August Rats
Inbred Strain of Rats

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.


Chromosomes, Artificial
Artificial Chromosomes

DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, elements such as a REPLICATION ORIGIN; TELOMERE; and CENTROMERE, that are required for successful replication, propagation to and maintenance in progeny cells. In addition, they are constructed to carry other sequences for analysis or gene transfer.


Photosystem I Reaction Center
Photosystem I
Photosystem I Protein Complex

A large multisubunit protein complex that is found in the THYLAKOID MEMBRANE. It uses light energy derived from LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES to drive electron transfer reactions that result in either the reduction of NADP to NADPH or the transport of PROTONS across the membrane.


Hemorrhage, Fetomaternal
Fetomaternal Transfusion

Transplacental passage of fetal blood into the circulation of the maternal organism. (Dorland, 27th ed)


Tocolysis
Tocolytic Therapy
Therapy, Tocolytic
Tocolytic Treatment

Any drug treatment modality designed to inhibit UTERINE CONTRACTION. It is used in pregnant women to arrest PREMATURE LABOR.


Broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase. It has been proposed for infections with gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, GONORRHEA, and HAEMOPHILUS.


Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids. A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes.


Accidental Falls
Falls, Accidental
Falls
Slip and Fall
Falling

Falls due to slipping or tripping which may result in injury.


Injuries resulting when a person is struck by particles impelled with violent force from an explosion. Blast causes pulmonary concussion and hemorrhage, laceration of other thoracic and abdominal viscera, ruptured ear drums, and minor effects in the central nervous system. (From Dorland, 27th ed)


Pulmonary Blastoma
Blastomas, Pulmonary
Blastoma, Pulmonary
Pulmonary Blastomas

A malignant neoplasm of the lung composed chiefly or entirely of immature undifferentiated cells (i.e., blast forms) with little or virtually no stroma. (From Stedman, 25th ed)


Conductive Hearing Loss
Hearing Loss, Conductive

Hearing loss due to interference with the mechanical reception or amplification of sound to the COCHLEA. The interference is in the outer or middle ear involving the EAR CANAL; TYMPANIC MEMBRANE; or EAR OSSICLES.


Monkey Retroviruses
Simian Retroviruses
Retroviruses, Simian
Chimpanzee Retroviruses

Classes of retroviruses for which monkeys or apes are hosts. Those isolated from the West African green monkey and the Asian rhesus macaque monkey are of particular interest because of their similarities to viruses causing cancer and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans.


Employee Discipline
Personnel Discipline

Regulations or conditions imposed on employees by management in order to correct or prevent behaviors which are counterproductive to the organization.


A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. (Thromb Res 1992;67(4):345-54 & Cancer Res 1993;53(2):239-41)


A family of RNA viruses, mainly arboviruses, consisting of two genera: ALPHAVIRUS (group A arboviruses), and RUBIVIRUS. Virions are spherical, 60-70 nm in diameter, with a lipoprotein envelope tightly applied to the icosahedral nucleocapsid.


Military Families
Families of Military Personnel
Families of Veterans
Military Family

Families in which a member of the household served in the active military or reserve and was discharged or released.


Influenza, Human
Human Influenza
Grippe
Influenza
Influenza in Humans
Human Flu

An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.


Brain-Specific Na-Dependent Inorganic Phosphate Cotransporter

A vesicular glutamate transporter protein that is predominately expressed in TELENCEPHALON of the BRAIN.


Stomach Diverticulosis
Gastric Diverticulosis
Diverticulosis, Stomach
Diverticulosis, Gastric

A pathological condition characterized by the presence of a number of GASTRIC DIVERTICULA in the STOMACH.


Purinergic Receptor P2X, Ligand-Gated Ion Channel, 7

A purinergic P2X neurotransmitter receptor that plays a role in pain sensation signaling and regulation of inflammatory processes.


Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

A species of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic spherical or rod-shaped bacteria indigenous to dental surfaces. It is associated with PERIODONTITIS; BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS; and ACTINOMYCOSIS.


Hematological Tests
Tests, Hematologic
Blood Tests
Hematologic Tests
Test, Hematologic
Hematologic Test

Tests used in the analysis of the hemic system.


Near East Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus

A species in the genus Bornavirus, family BORNAVIRIDAE, causing a rare and usually fatal encephalitic disease in horses and other domestic animals and possibly deer. Its name derives from the city in Saxony where the condition was first described in 1894, but the disease occurs in Europe, N. Africa, and the Near East.


Kangaroo Mother Care
Kangaroo-Mother Care Method
Kangaroo-Mother Care

A method of continuously holding a partially wrapped baby to the chest, involving skin-to-skin contact. Originally it was a method of caring for LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANT in developing countries and is now more widespread in developed nations. Aside from encouraging breast feeding, the extra sleep that the infant gets assists in regulating body temperature, helps the baby conserve energy, and redirects calorie expenditures toward growth and weight gain.


Two populations of Zucker rats have been cited in research--the "fatty" or obese and the lean. The "fatty" rat (Rattus norvegicus) appeared as a spontaneous mutant. The obese condition appears to be due to a single recessive gene.


Injections, Intra-Ocular
Injections, Intraocular
Injections, Periocular

The administration of substances into the eye with a hypodermic syringe.


Kallikrein hK3
Seminin
Prostate Specific Antigen
hK3 Kallikrein
Prostate-Specific Antigen
gamma-Seminoprotein
Semenogelase

A glycoprotein that is a kallikrein-like serine proteinase and an esterase, produced by epithelial cells of both normal and malignant prostate tissue. It is an important marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.


Amniotic Bands
Annular Grooves
Ring Constrictions, Intrauterine
Amputation, Intrauterine
Amniotic Band Syndrome
Streeter Syndrome

A disorder present in the newborn infant in which constriction rings or bands, causing soft tissue depressions, encircle digits, extremities, or limbs and sometimes the neck, thorax, or abdomen. They may be associated with intrauterine amputations.


Blastocyst Inner Cell Mass
Inner Cell Mass of Blastocyst
Inner Cell Mass, Blastocyst

The cluster of cells inside a blastocyst. These cells give rise to the embryonic disc and eventual embryo proper. They are pluripotent EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS capable of yielding many but not all cell types in a developing organism.


An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a ceramidetrihexoside to a ceramidedihexoside plus galactose.


Membrane Microdomains
Sphingolipid-Cholesterol Rafts
Sphingolipid Microdomains
Lipid Rafts, Cell Membrane

Detergent-insoluble CELL MEMBRANE components. They are enriched in SPHINGOLIPIDS and CHOLESTEROL and clustered with glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins.


Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-maf
maf Proto-Oncogene Protein
c-maf Proto-Oncogene Protein
Proto-Oncogene Protein c-maf
c-maf Protein

Maf proto-oncogene protein is the major cellular homolog of the V-MAF ONCOGENE PROTEIN. It was the first of the mammalian MAF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS identified, and it is induced in activated T-LYMPHOCYTES and regulates GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of INTERLEUKIN-4. c-maf is frequently translocated to an immunoglobulin locus in MULTIPLE MYELOMA.


Countercurrent Chromatography
Countercurrent Distribution
Chromatography, Countercurrent

A method of separation of two or more substances by repeated distribution between two immiscible liquid phases that move past each other in opposite directions. It is a form of liquid-liquid chromatography. (Stedman, 25th ed)


Parkinson Associated Proteins
Parkinson Disease Associated Proteins
PARK Proteins

Proteins associated with sporadic or familial cases of PARKINSON DISEASE.


Proteins, Cerebrospinal Fluid
Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins

Proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid, normally albumin and globulin present in the ratio of 8 to 1. Increases in protein levels are of diagnostic value in neurological diseases. (Brain and Bannister's Clinical Neurology, 7th ed, p221)


Nevus, Spindle Cell and Epithelioid
Spitz Nevus
Nevus, Epithelioid and Spindle Cell

A benign compound nevus occurring most often in children before puberty, composed of spindle and epithelioid cells located mainly in the dermis, sometimes in association with large atypical cells and multinucleate cells, and having a close histopathological resemblance to malignant melanoma. The tumor presents as a smooth to slightly scaly, round to oval, raised, firm papule or nodule, ranging in color from pink-tan to purplish red, often with surface telangiectasia. (Dorland, 27th ed)


2-Aminohexanedioic Acid
alpha-Aminoadipic Acid
2-Aminoadipic Acid
2 Aminoadipic Acid

A metabolite in the principal biochemical pathway of lysine. It antagonizes neuroexcitatory activity modulated by the glutamate receptor, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; (NMDA).


A large group of rod-shaped bacteria that retains the crystal violet stain when treated by Gram's method.


The principles of professional conduct concerning the rights and duties of the physician, relations with patients and fellow practitioners, as well as actions of the physician in patient care and interpersonal relations with patient families.


Estrogen Synthetase
CYP19
Aromatase
CYP19 Protein
Cytochrome P-450(AROM)
CYP 19
P450AROM
Estrogen Synthase
Cytochrome P450 19
Cytochrome P-450 CYP19
Androstenedione Aromatase

An enzyme that catalyzes the desaturation (aromatization) of the ring A of C19 androgens and converts them to C18 estrogens. In this process, the 19-methyl is removed. This enzyme is membrane-bound, located in the endoplasmic reticulum of estrogen-producing cells of ovaries, placenta, testes, adipose, and brain tissues. Aromatase is encoded by the CYP19 gene, and functions in complex with NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE in the cytochrome P-450 system.


L-Amino Acid-Oxygen Oxidoreductase (Deaminating)

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of L-amino acids to KETO ACIDS with the generation of AMMONIA and HYDROGEN PEROXIDE. L-amino acid oxidase is widely distributed in and is thought to contribute to the toxicity of SNAKE VENOMS.


Interferon Regulatory Factors
IRF Transcription Factors

A family of transcription factors that share an N-terminal HELIX-TURN-HELIX MOTIF and bind INTERFERON-inducible promoters to control GENE expression. IRF proteins bind specific DNA sequences such as interferon-stimulated response elements, interferon regulatory elements, and the interferon consensus sequence.


Stromal Interaction Molecule 1
STIM1 Protein

A stromal interaction molecule that functions in the regulation of calcium influx following depletion of intracellular calcium in the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. It translocates to the plasma membrane upon calcium depletion where it activates the CALCIUM RELEASE ACTIVATED CALCIUM CHANNEL ORAI1.


Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures
Orthodontic Anchorage Techniques

Attachment of orthodontic devices and materials to the MOUTH area for support and to provide a counterforce to orthodontic forces.


alpha-Subunit, Receptor, Interleukin-3
Antigens, CD123
CD123 Antigens
CD123 Antigen
Interleukin-3 Receptor alpha Chain
Interleukin-3 Receptor alpha Subunit

A low affinity interleukin-3 receptor subunit that combines with the CYTOKINE RECEPTOR COMMON BETA SUBUNIT to form a high affinity receptor for INTERLEUKIN-3.


Surgery, Filtration
Filtration Surgery
Filtering Surgery
Surgery, Filtering

A surgical procedure used in treatment of glaucoma in which an opening is created through which aqueous fluid may pass from the anterior chamber into a sac created beneath the conjunctiva, thus lowering the pressure within the eye. (Hoffman, Pocket Glossary of Ophthalmologic Terminology, 1989)


American Hospital Association
Association, American Hospital

A professional society in the United States whose membership is composed of hospitals.


Industry, Drug
Industry, Pharmaceutic
Industry, Pharmaceutical
Drug Industry
Pharmaceutical Industry
Industries, Pharmaceutic

That segment of commercial enterprise devoted to the design, development, and manufacture of chemical products for use in the diagnosis and treatment of disease, disability, or other dysfunction, or to improve function.


D-Mannonate-NAD Dehydrogenase
Fructuronate Reductase
Mannonate Oxidoreductase

An enzyme that catalyzes the reversible oxidation of mannonate to fructuronate in the presence of NAD. Also reduces D-tagaturonate to D-altronate. EC 1.1.1.57.


Drug Trafficking
Illicit Drug Trade
Drug Dealing
Drug Smuggling

The illegal acquisition, sale, production, transport, movement, and distribution of controlled substances such as narcotics.


Cytosine Deoxyribonucleoside
Deoxycytidine
Cytosine Deoxyriboside

A nucleoside component of DNA composed of CYTOSINE and DEOXYRIBOSE.


Toll-4 Receptor
TLR4 Receptor
Toll-Like Receptor 4

A pattern recognition receptor that interacts with LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN 96 and LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES. It mediates cellular responses to GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA.


Saimirine Herpesvirus 2
Herpesvirus 2 (gamma), Saimirine
Herpesvirus 2, Saimiriine
Herpesvirus 2, Saimirine
Herpesvirus Saimiri
Saimiriine Herpesvirus 2

The type species of RHADINOVIRUS, in the subfamily GAMMAHERPESVIRINAE, isolated from squirrel monkeys. It produces malignant lymphomas (LYMPHOMA, MALIGNANT) in inoculated marmosets or owl monkeys.


Cholesterol Ester Transport Protein, CETP

Proteins that bind to and transfer CHOLESTEROL ESTERS between LIPOPROTEINS such as LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS and HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS.


Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Follicular
Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma

Sarcoma of FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS most often found in the lymph nodes. This rare neoplasm occurs predominately in adults.


Sal-Phedrine
Ephedrine Hydrochloride
Ephedrine Renaudin
Ephedrine
Ephedrine Sulfate
Erythro Isomer of Ephedrine

A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.


A sulfur-containing analog of butyrylcholine which is hydrolyzed by butyrylcholinesterase to butyrate and thiocholine. It is used as a reagent in the determination of butyrylcholinesterase activity.


Lung Diseases, Fungal
Fungal Lung Diseases
Pulmonary Fungal Infections
Pulmonary Fungal Diseases

Pulmonary diseases caused by fungal infections, usually through hematogenous spread.


Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine

A condition of chronic gastroenteritis in adult pigs and fatal gastroenteritis in piglets caused by a CORONAVIRUS.


A species of gram-negative bacteria (currently incertae sedis) causing multisystem disease in CATTLE.


A network of chemical compounds surrounding DNA that modify the genome without altering the DNA sequences and have a role in determining which genes are active in a cell.


Allergy, Milk
Milk Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity, Milk
Milk Allergy

Allergic reaction to milk (usually cow's milk) or milk products. MILK HYPERSENSITIVITY should be differentiated from LACTOSE INTOLERANCE, an intolerance to milk as a result of congenital deficiency of lactase.


A modified Greco-Arabic medical system. It reflects Arabic medicine blending with Greek philosophy, science, and medicine.


Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 6, Group A, Member 1

Retinoid Receptor-Related Testis-Associated Receptor

Retinoid Receptor Related Testis Specific Receptor

An orphan nuclear receptor expressed mainly in the GERM CELLS of GONADS. It functions as a transcription factor that binds to a direct repeat of the sequence AGGTCA and may play a role in the regulation of EMBRYOGENESIS and germ cell differentiation.


Folic Acid, Monosodium Salt
Folic Acid, (DL)-Isomer
Folic Acid
Folvite
Pteroylglutamic Acid
Folic Acid, Potassium Salt
Folic Acid, (D)-Isomer
Folacin
Folic Acid, Monopotassium Salt
Folic Acid, Calcium Salt (1:1)
Vitamin M
Folic Acid, Sodium Salt
Vitamin B9
Folate

A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (POACEAE). Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia.


A member of the INTERLEUKIN-1 protein  family involved in the maturation of TH2 CELLS and the activation of MAST CELLS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS and NK CELLS. It is also produced by ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; EPITHELIAL CELLS and FIBROBLASTS; where it can function as an alarmin to modulate immune and inflammatory responses to tissue damage.


Torsion Disease of Childhood
Torsion Dystonia
Progressive Torsion Spasm
Dystonia Deformans Musculorum
Childhood Torsion Disease
Idiopathic Torsion Dystonia
Dystonia Deformans Progressiva
Oppenheim-Ziehen Disease
Dystonia Musculorum Deformans

A condition characterized by focal DYSTONIA that progresses to involuntary spasmodic contractions of the muscles of the legs, trunk, arms, and face. The hands are often spared, however, sustained axial and limb contractions may lead to a state where the body is grossly contorted. Onset is usually in the first or second decade. Familial patterns of inheritance, primarily autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance, have been identified. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1078)


rel Oncogene Proteins
pp59(v-rel)
v-rel Proteins
Oncogene Protein pp59(v-rel)
Oncogene Protein rel
v-rel Protein
Oncogene Products v-rel
Oncogene Proteins v-rel
Oncogene Proteins rel

Transforming proteins coded by rel oncogenes. The v-rel protein competes with rel-related proteins and probably transforms cells by acting as a dominant negative version of c-rel. This results in the induction of a broad range of leukemias and lymphomas.


Acinous Cells
Acinic Cells
Acinar Cells
Acini Cells
Acinus Cells

Cells lining the saclike dilatations known as acini of various glands or the lungs.


Retainer Medicine
Boutique Medicine
Concierge Medicine

An arrangement in which a patient pays an annual fee to a physician in exchange for services over and beyond normal insurance-reimbursed services.


Mismatch Repair Protein 1
MutS Homolog 3 Protein

A MutS homolog protein and component of post-replicative DNA MISMATCH REPAIR. It forms a heterodimer with MUTS HOMOLOG 2 PROTEIN (MSH2) and recognizes large insertion-deletion loops up to 13 nucleotides in length. This directs downstream events such as strand discrimination, excision, and resynthesis.


Radioactive Air Pollution
Air Pollution, Radioactive

Contamination of air with radioactive substances.


Lymphoma, Primary Effusion
Primary Effusion Lymphoma

A rare neoplasm of large B-cells usually presenting as serious effusions without detectable tumor masses. The most common sites of involvement are the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities. It is associated with HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 8, most often occurring in the setting of immunodeficiency.


Soul-Body Relations
Body-Mind Relations
Mind-Body Relations (Non-Physiology)
Mind-Body Relations (Metaphysics)
Mind-Body Relations, Metaphysical

Interaction of human feelings and thoughts with physical existence.


Nucleus Abducens
Nucleus Nervi Abducentis
Abducens Nerve Nucleus
Abducens Nucleus

A region in the PONTINE TEGMENTUM that is the nucleus of the ABDUCENS NERVE.


Health Information, Consumer
Consumer Health Information

Information intended for potential users of medical and healthcare services. There is an emphasis on self-care and preventive approaches as well as information for community-wide dissemination and use.


alpha A-Crystallin
alpha-Crystallin, A Subunit
Crystallins, alpha A Chain
alpha-Crystallin A Chain

One of the subunits of alpha-crystallins. Unlike ALPHA-CRYSTALLIN B CHAIN the expression of ALPHA-CRYSTALLIN A CHAIN is limited primarily to the lens (LENS, CRYSTALLINE).


Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 2

Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.


Public Service Announcements as Topic
Public Service Advertising as Topic
Public Service Ads as Topic

Works about announcements for which no charge is made and which promote programs, activities, or services of federal, state, or local governments or those of non-profit organizations and other announcements regarded as serving community interests.


Lewy Body Type Senile Dementia
Lewy Body Disease, Diffuse
Lewy Body Dementia
Cortical Lewy Body Disease
Dementia, Lewy Body
Lewy Body Disease
Diffuse Lewy Body Disease
Lewy Body Disease, Cortical

A neurodegenerative disease characterized by dementia, mild parkinsonism, and fluctuations in attention and alertness. The neuropsychiatric manifestations tend to precede the onset of bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY, and other extrapyramidal signs. DELUSIONS and visual HALLUCINATIONS are relatively frequent in this condition. Histologic examination reveals LEWY BODIES in the CEREBRAL CORTEX and BRAIN STEM. SENILE PLAQUES and other pathologic features characteristic of ALZHEIMER DISEASE may also be present. (From Neurology 1997;48:376-380; Neurology 1996;47:1113-1124)


National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.)

Component of the NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH. It conducts and supports research program related to diseases of the heart, blood vessels, lung, and blood; blood resources; and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS. From 1948 until October 10, 1969, it was known as the National Heart Institute. From June 25, 1976, it was the National Heart and Lung Institute. Since October 1997, the NHLBI has also had administrative responsibility for the NIH Woman's Health Initiative.


L10 Ribosomal Protein
QM Protein
60S Ribosomal Protein L10
Tumor Suppressor QM
QM Tumor Suppressor Protein
Ribosomal Protein L10

A RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN which plays a crucial role in protein synthesis and embryonic brain development. Diseases associated with RPL10 mutations include Mental Retardation, X-Linked, Syndromic, 35 and Autism X-Linked 5.


5' Flanking Region
5' Flanking Sequence
Flanking Region, 5'

The region of DNA which borders the 5' end of a transcription unit and where a variety of regulatory sequences are located.


Wireless Capsule Endoscopy
Video Capsule Endoscopy
Capsule Endoscopy

Non-invasive, endoscopic imaging by use of VIDEO CAPSULE ENDOSCOPES to perform examination of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the small bowel.


National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.)

National Center for Health Statistics, U.S.

United States National Center for Health Statistics

A unit of the CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION. It is primarily concerned with the collection, analysis, and dissemination of health statistics on vital events and health activities to reflect the health status of people, health needs, and health resources.


Abscess, Abdominal
Abdominal Abscess
Abscess, Intra-Abdominal

An abscess located in the abdominal cavity, i.e., the cavity between the diaphragm above and the pelvis below. (From Dorland, 27th ed)


Repressed Memory
Delayed Memory
Repression, Psychology
Repression
False Memory Syndrome

The active mental process of keeping out and ejecting, banishing from consciousness, ideas or impulses that are unacceptable to it.


Growth Differentiation Factor 2
BMP-9
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 9

A growth differentiation factor that plays a regulatory role as a paracrine factor for a diverse array of cell types during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT and in the adult tissues. Growth differentiation factor 2 is also a potent regulator of CHONDROGENESIS and was previously referred to as bone morphogenetic protein 9.


Uridine Diphosphate N Acetylglucosamine
UDP Acetylglucosamine
Uridine Diphospho-N-Acetylglucosamine
UDPGNAc
Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine
Uridine Pyrophosphoacetylglucosamine

Serves as the biological precursor of insect chitin, of muramic acid in bacterial cell walls, and of sialic acids in mammalian glycoproteins.


Systematic Review as Topic
Systematic Reviews as Topic
Reviews Systematic as Topic

Works about a review of primary literature in health and health policy that attempt to identify, appraise, and synthesize all the empirical evidence that meets specified eligibility criteria to answer a given research question. Its conduct uses explicit methods aimed at minimizing bias in order to produce more reliable findings regarding the effects of interventions for prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation that can be used to inform decision making.


Serotonin 1A Receptor
5-Hydroxytryptamine 1A Receptors
Receptor, 5-Hydroxytryptamine 1A
5-HT(1A) Receptor
Serotonin, 5-HT1a Receptor
Serotonin Receptor, 5-HT1A
Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A
5-HT1A Receptor
5-Hydroxytryptamine 1A Receptor

A serotonin receptor subtype found distributed through the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM where they are involved in neuroendocrine regulation of ACTH secretion. The fact that this serotonin receptor subtype is particularly sensitive to SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS such as BUSPIRONE suggests its role in the modulation of ANXIETY and DEPRESSION.


Conversion Disorder
Hysteria, Conversion
Conversion Reaction
Astasia-Abasia

A disorder whose predominant feature is a loss or alteration in physical functioning that suggests a physical disorder but that is actually a direct expression of a psychological conflict or need.


A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness.


Psychology, Schizophrenic
Schizophrenic Psychology

Study of mental processes and behavior of schizophrenics.


Gram Positive Asporogenous Rods
Gram-Positive Non-Spore-Forming Rods
Gram-Positive Asporogenous Rods
Gram Positive Non Spore Forming Rods

A gram-positive, non-spore-forming group of bacteria comprising organisms that have morphological and physiological characteristics in common.


Hantavirus Infections
Infections, Hantavirus

Infections with viruses of the genus HANTAVIRUS. This is associated with at least four clinical syndromes: HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME caused by viruses of the Hantaan group; a milder form of HFRS caused by SEOUL VIRUS; nephropathia epidemica caused by PUUMALA VIRUS; and HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME caused by SIN NOMBRE VIRUS.


Protein Interaction Networks
Protein Interaction Maps
Protein-Protein Interaction Map

Graphs representing sets of measurable, non-covalent physical contacts with specific PROTEINS in living organisms or in cells.


alphaM Integrin
CD11b Antigen
Antigens, CD11b
Complement Component Receptor 3, alpha
ITGAM Protein
Mo1 Antigen
CD11b Antigens
Integrin alphaM
Integrin alpha M
Mo1 Glycoprotein

A CD antigen that contains a conserved integrin I-domain which is involved in ligand binding. When combined with CD18 the two subunits form MACROPHAGE-1 ANTIGEN.


Combined Vocal and Multiple Motor Tic Disorder

Multiple Motor and Vocal Tic Disorder, Combined

Tic Disorder, Combined Vocal and Multiple Motor

Combined Multiple Motor and Vocal Tic Disorder

A neuropsychological disorder related to alterations in DOPAMINE metabolism and neurotransmission involving frontal-subcortical neuronal circuits. Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics need to be present with TICS occurring many times a day, nearly daily, over a period of more than one year. The onset is before age 18 and the disturbance is not due to direct physiological effects of a substance or a another medical condition. The disturbance causes marked distress or significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. (From DSM-IV, 1994; Neurol Clin 1997 May;15(2):357-79)


Federal Health Insurance Plans, United States

National Health Insurance, United States

Federal system administering national health insurance in the United States.


Ulnar Nerve Palsy
Ulnar Neuritis
Ulnar Nerve Diseases
Ulnar Neuropathies

Disease involving the ULNAR NERVE from its origin in the BRACHIAL PLEXUS to its termination in the hand. Clinical manifestations may include PARESIS or PARALYSIS of wrist flexion, finger flexion, thumb adduction, finger abduction, and finger adduction. Sensation over the medial palm, fifth finger, and ulnar aspect of the ring finger may also be impaired. Common sites of injury include the AXILLA, cubital tunnel at the ELBOW, and Guyon's canal at the wrist. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51 pp43-5)


Seal Distemper Virus
Distemper Virus, Phocid
Phocine Distemper Virus
Distemper Virus, Phocine

A species of MORBILLIVIRUS causing distemper in seals.


Arousal Disorders, Sleep
Confusional Arousals
Sleep Arousal Disorders

Sleep disorders characterized by impaired arousal from the deeper stages of sleep (generally stage III or IV sleep).


U5 snRNP
Ribonucleoproteins, Small, U5
Small Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins, U5
Ribonucleoprotein, U5 Small Nuclear
U5 Small Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins

A nuclear RNA-protein complex that plays a role in RNA processing. In the nucleoplasm, the U5 snRNP along with U4-U6 snRNP preassemble into a single 25S particle that binds to the U1 and U2 snRNPs and the substrate to form SPLICEOSOMES.


Substances of archaeal origin that have antigenic activity.


Staff, Hospital Dental
Dental Staff, Hospital
Staffs, Hospital Dental
Dental Staffs, Hospital
Hospital Dental Staffs
Hospital Dental Staff

Dental personnel practicing in hospitals.


A gonadal stimulant and inducer of ovulation. It is used in the treatment of infertility and amenorrhea, but is thought to be less effective than CLOMIPHENE.


The study of the structure, behavior, growth, reproduction, and pathology of cells; and the function and chemistry of cellular components.


Natural Sciences
Physical Sciences
Natural Science Disciplines

The sciences dealing with processes observable in nature.


Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement.


Protein Introns
Intervening Protein Sequence
Introns, Protein
Inteins

The internal fragments of precursor proteins (INternal proTEINS) that are autocatalytically removed by PROTEIN SPLICING. The flanking fragments (EXTEINS) are ligated forming mature proteins. The nucleic acid sequences coding for inteins are considered to be MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS. Inteins are composed of self-splicing domains and an endonuclease domain which plays a role in the spread of the intein's genomic sequence. Mini-inteins are composed of the self-splicing domains only.


Body Mass Index
Quetelet's Index
Quetelet Index

An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)


Glycogen Storage Disease Type VIII
Glycogenosis 8

An x-linked recessive hepatic glycogen storage disease resulting from lack of expression of phosphorylase-b-kinase activity. Symptoms are relatively mild; hepatomegaly, increased liver glycogen, and decreased leukocyte phosphorylase are present. Liver shrinkage occurs in response to glucagon.


European Common Frog
Frog, Common European
Rana temporaria

A species of the family Ranidae occurring in a wide variety of habitats from within the Arctic Circle to South Africa, Australia, etc.


Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases
Aminoacyl Transfer RNA Synthetase
Transfer RNA Synthetase
tRNA Synthetase
Amino Acyl T RNA Synthetases
Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase
Amino Acyl-tRNA Ligases

A subclass of enzymes that aminoacylate AMINO ACID-SPECIFIC TRANSFER RNA with their corresponding AMINO ACIDS.


CAT Scanner, X-Ray
CAT Scanners, X-Ray
Computed Tomography Scanner, X-Ray
Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Scanners
CT Scanner, X-Ray
X-Ray Computed Tomography Scanners
Computed Tomography Scanners, X-Ray
Tomography, Computed, Scanners
Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed
X-Ray Computed Tomography Scanner
Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Scanner

X-ray image-detecting devices that make a focused image of body structures lying in a predetermined plane from which more complex images are computed.


Alcohol, Heptyl
Heptanol
n-Heptanol
1-Heptanol

A colorless liquid with a fragrant odor. It is used as an intermediate, solvent and in cosmetics.


Dibasic Processing Enzyme
Paired Basic Amino Acid Cleaving Enzyme
Furin Protein
Furin
SPC1 Proteinase

A proprotein convertase with specificity for the proproteins of PROALBUMIN; COMPLEMENT 3C; and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR. It has specificity for cleavage near paired ARGININE residues that are separated by two amino acids.


A suspension of metallic gold particles.


Glycoproteins expressed on cortical thymocytes and on some dendritic cells and B-cells. Their structure is similar to that of MHC Class I and their function has been postulated as similar also. CD1 antigens are highly specific markers for human LANGERHANS CELLS.


The homologous chromosomes that are dissimilar in the heterogametic sex. There are the X CHROMOSOME, the Y CHROMOSOME, and the W, Z chromosomes (in animals in which the female is the heterogametic sex (the silkworm moth Bombyx mori, for example)). In such cases the W chromosome is the female-determining and the male is ZZ. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)


Marie-Strumpell Spondylitis
Spondylarthropathies
Spondylarthropathy
Bechterew Syndrome
Spondyloarthropathy

Heterogeneous group of arthritic diseases sharing clinical and radiologic features. They are associated with the HLA-B27 ANTIGEN and some with a triggering infection. Most involve the axial joints in the SPINE, particularly the SACROILIAC JOINT, but can also involve asymmetric peripheral joints. Subsets include ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; REACTIVE ARTHRITIS; PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS; and others.


Esophageal Mucosa
Esophagus Mucosa
Oesophageal Mucosa

Circular innermost layer of the ESOPHAGUS wall that mediates esophageal PERISTALSIS which pushes ingested food bolus toward the stomach.


Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group Proteins

A diverse group of proteins whose genetic MUTATIONS have been associated with the chromosomal instability syndrome FANCONI ANEMIA. Many of these proteins play important roles in protecting CELLS against OXIDATIVE STRESS.


Cyclomaltooligosaccharides
Cyclodextrin Derivatives
Cycloamylose
Cyclodextrins

A homologous group of cyclic GLUCANS consisting of alpha-1,4 bound glucose units obtained by the action of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase on starch or similar substrates. The enzyme is produced by certain species of Bacillus. Cyclodextrins form inclusion complexes with a wide variety of substances.


An analog of desoxycorticosterone which is substituted by a hydroxyl group at the C-18 position.


Formation of spongy bone in the labyrinth capsule which can progress toward the STAPES (stapedial fixation) or anteriorly toward the COCHLEA leading to conductive, sensorineural, or mixed HEARING LOSS. Several genes are associated with familial otosclerosis with varied clinical signs.


A cellular phone with advanced computing and connectivity capability built on an operating system.


An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of acetylgalactosamine from UDP N-acetylgalactosamine to various 2-fucosylgalactosides as acceptors. EC 2.4.1.40.


Blind Loop Syndrome
Stagnant Loop Syndrome
Bacterial Overgrowth Syndrome

A malabsorption syndrome that is associated with a blind loop in the upper SMALL INTESTINE that is characterized by the lack of peristaltic movement, stasis of INTESTINAL CONTENTS, and the overgrowth of BACTERIA. Such bacterial overgrowth interferes with BILE SALTS action, FATTY ACIDS processing, MICROVILLI integrity, and the ABSORPTION of nutrients such as VITAMIN B12 and FOLIC ACID.


The art or practice of preparing food. It includes the preparation of special foods for diets in various diseases.


Radionuclide Generators
Radioisotope Generators

Separation systems containing a relatively long-lived parent radionuclide which produces a short-lived daughter in its decay scheme. The daughter can be periodically extracted (milked) by means of an appropriate eluting agent.


T-Type Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channels

A heterogenous group of transient or low voltage activated type CALCIUM CHANNELS. They are found in cardiac myocyte membranes, the sinoatrial node, Purkinje cells of the heart and the central nervous system.


A variant of ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS COLI caused by mutation in the APC gene (GENES, APC) on CHROMOSOME 5. It is characterized by not only the presence of multiple colonic polyposis but also extracolonic ADENOMATOUS POLYPS in the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; the EYE; the SKIN; the SKULL; and the FACIAL BONES; as well as malignancy in organs other than the GI tract.


The chromosomal constitution of a cell containing multiples of the normal number of CHROMOSOMES; includes triploidy (symbol: 3N), tetraploidy (symbol: 4N), etc.


A calbindin protein that is differentially expressed in distinct populations of NEURONS throughout the vertebrate and invertebrate NERVOUS SYSTEM, and modulates intrinsic neuronal excitability and influences LONG-TERM POTENTIATION. It is also found in LUNG, TESTIS, OVARY, KIDNEY, and BREAST, and is expressed in many tumor types found in these tissues. It is often used as an immunohistochemical marker for MESOTHELIOMA.


Infections, Rickettsiaceae
Rickettsiaceae Infections

Infections with bacteria of the family RICKETTSIACEAE.


Patients' Rights
Right to Treatment
Patient Rights
Patient's Rights

In law, the claim of persons involuntarily institutionalized on the ground of mental disability to receive appropriate care for their conditions or diseases. (Bioethics Thesaurus)


Sentinel Organisms
Sentinel Animals
Sentinel Plants
Bioindicator Species
Sentinel Species

Organisms used to determine measurable environmental risks or hazards to human health and or well-being, thereby serving as advance or early warning signs of impending danger to humans. Examples of sentinel species are monkeys, guinea pigs, and the fabled canary in the coal mine.


Proteasome
Multicatalytic Proteinase
20S Proteasome
Prosome
Ingensin
Macropain
Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
Multicatalytic Endopeptidase Complex
Macroxyproteinase

A large multisubunit complex that plays an important role in the degradation of most of the cytosolic and nuclear proteins in eukaryotic cells. It contains a 700-kDa catalytic sub-complex and two 700-kDa regulatory sub-complexes. The complex digests ubiquitinated proteins and protein activated via ornithine decarboxylase antizyme.


Vomeronasal Organ
Jacobson's Organ
Jacobson Organ
Vomeronasal Nerve
Vomeronasal System
Organum Vomeronasale

An accessory chemoreceptor organ that is separated from the main OLFACTORY MUCOSA. It is situated at the base of nasal septum close to the VOMER and NASAL BONES. It forwards chemical signals (such as PHEROMONES) to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, thus influencing reproductive and social behavior. In humans, most of its structures except the vomeronasal duct undergo regression after birth.


Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Diffuse, Poorly Differentiated

Lymphoma, Lymphocytic, Diffuse, Intermediate Differentiated

Diffuse Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Poorly-Differentiated

Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Diffuse, Poorly-Differentiated

Lymphoma, Lymphocytic, Diffuse, Poorly-Differentiated

A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. It accounts for about 5% of adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States and Europe. The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1).


Iridiod Derivatives
Secoiridoids
Iridoids
Iridoid Aglycones

A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).


Indocid
Indomet 140
Indomethacin
Indometacin
Indomethacin Hydrochloride
Amuno
Indocin
Metindol
Osmosin

A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.


A subfamily of Q-SNARE PROTEINS which occupy the same position in the SNARE complex as the C-terminal SNARE domain of SNAP-25 and which also are most similar to the C-terminal region of SNAP-25 in their AMINO ACID SEQUENCE.


Tetrachlorethylene Tetrachloroethene Tetrachloroethylene Perchlorethylene Perchloroethylene

A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.


A hard or leathery calciferous exterior covering of an egg.


Pituitary Hormone Receptors
Receptors, Pituitary Hormone
Receptors, Pituitary Hormones

Cell surface proteins that bind pituitary hormones with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. Since many pituitary hormones are also released by neurons as neurotransmitters, these receptors are also found in the nervous system.


Hepatitis C, Chronic
Chronic Hepatitis C

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.


Cytochrome P450, Family 2, Subfamily A, Polypeptide 6

A cytochrome P450 enzyme that has specificity for the 7-hydroxylation of coumarin.


Caspase Activation and Recruitment Domains

A homotypic protein interaction module of the death domain superfamily. It is composed of a bundle of six alpha-helices that is related in sequence and structure to the DEATH DOMAIN and DEATH EFFECTOR DOMAIN. The Caspase Activation and Recruitment Domain (CARD domain) typically associates with other CARD-containing proteins, forming either dimers or trimers. CARD domains may occur in isolation, or in combination with other domains in CARD signaling adaptor proteins and initiator CASPASES that function in APOPTOSIS.