The process in which the iris is generated and organized. The iris is an anatomical structure in the eye whose opening forms the pupil. The iris is responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil and the amount of light reaching the retina. [GOC:dph]


The process in which the ciliary body generated and organized. The ciliary body is the circumferential tissue inside the eye composed of the ciliary muscle and ciliary processes. [GOC:dph]


Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of neural retina development, the progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells. [GOC:dph]


positive regulation of neural retina development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of neural retina development, the progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells. [GOC:dph]


negative regulation of neural retina development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of neural retina development, the progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells. [GOC:dph]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platinum stimulus. [GOC:sl]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fatty acid stimulus. [GOC:lp]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a linoleic acid stimulus. [GOC:lp]


The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 36 of the histone. [GOC:sart, PMID:19061644]


A protein complex that is involved in coordinating ribosome biogenesis with cell cycle progression. In human, it is composed of Pes1, Bop1, and WDR12; in Saccharomyces the proteins are known as Nop7p, Erb1 and Ytm1 respectively. [GOC:ab, GOC:mah, PMID:16043514, PMID:17353269]


Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from L-phenylalanine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid. [GOC:mah]


Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from L-glutamine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid. [GOC:mah]


RNA interference, negative regulation of translation

negative regulation of translation involved in RNA interference

inhibition of translation involved in RNA interference

downregulation of translation involved in RNA interference

down-regulation of translation involved in RNA interference

down regulation of translation involved in RNA interference

siRNA-mediated gene silencing by inhibition of translation

An siRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing pathway that blocks the translation of target mRNAs into proteins. Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), an siRNA will typically mediate repression of translation if the siRNA perfectly complements elements located in the 3' untranslated region of target mRNAs. [GOC:mah, PMID:18771919]


The process in which the chromatin structure of the rDNA repeats is compacted. In S. cerevisiae, condensation and resolution of the rDNA occurs during anaphase. [GOC:dgf, PMID:10811823, PMID:15137940]


endoribonuclease activity, cleaving siRNA-paired mRNA

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of the mRNA in a double-stranded RNA molecule formed by the base pairing of an mRNA with an siRNA, yielding 5'-phosphomonoesters. [GOC:mah, PMID:15105377]


A protein complex that contains the FAM175B/ABRO1, BRCC3/BRCC36, BRE/BRCC45 and MERIT40/NBA1 proteins, and specifically cleaves K63-linked polyubiquitin chains. [GOC:mah, PMID:19214193]


Combining with nicotinic acid to initiate a change in cell activity. [GOC:mah, PMID:12522134]


SNARE complex (Stx3, Snap25, Vamp2, Cplx1)

SNARE complex location (Stx3, Snap25, Vamp2, Cplx1)

synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-3-complexin complex location

A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 3, and a complexin (or orthologs thereof). [PMID:8824312]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]


TAF4B-containing transcription factor TFIID complex location

A transcription factor TFIID complex that contains the TBP-associated factor TAF4B (also known as TAFII105 in human), a cell-type-specific variant of TAF4. [GOC:mah, PMID:8858156]


A protein complex that contains the cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 bound to PCNA; formation of the complex inhibits DNA replication. [GOC:mah, PMID:7911228, PMID:7915843]


alphaM-beta2 integrin-CD63 complex location

A protein complex that consists of an alphaM-beta2 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD63, a member of the tetraspan family. [PMID:8871662]


GALNS-lysosomal hydrolase 1.27 MDa complex location

A protein complex found in the lysosome that contains beta-galactosidase, cathepsin A, alpha-neuraminidase and N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase, and is involved in glycosaminoglycan catabolism. [GOC:mah, PMID:8910459]


The regulated release of proteins by a platelet or group of platelets. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]


VDR signaling pathway
vitamin D receptor signalling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a vitamin D receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, PMID:12637589]


regulation of vitamin D receptor signalling pathway

regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]


negative regulation vitamin D receptor signalling pathway

inhibition of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway

downregulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway

down-regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway

negative regulation of VDR signalling pathway

negative regulation of VDR signaling pathway

down regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway

negative regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]


positive regulation of VDR signaling pathway

up-regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway

positive regulation of vitamin D receptor signalling pathway

up regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway

upregulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway

positive regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]


A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome that enables replication of the telomeric repeat sequences at the end of a linear chromosome. [GOC:pde, PMID:19179534]


Catalysis of the transfer of an adenylyl group to an acceptor. [GOC:mah]


Catalysis of the transfer of a cytidylyl group to an acceptor. [GOC:mah]


Catalysis of the transfer of a guanylyl group to an acceptor. [GOC:mah]


uridyltransferase activity
uridyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an uridylyl group to an acceptor. [GOC:mah]


regulation of neuron projection regeneration

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection regeneration, the regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites following their loss or damage. [GOC:mah]


negative regulation of neuron projection regeneration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron projection regeneration, the regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites following their loss or damage. [GOC:mah]


positive regulation of neuron projection regeneration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron projection regeneration, the regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites following their loss or damage. [GOC:mah]


metallo-exo-dipeptidase activity
metalloexodipeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a dipeptide by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions. [GOC:mah, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/merops/about/glossary.shtml#CATTYPE]


transmembrane cadmium transport
cadmium ion membrane transport

A process in which a cadmium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah]


peptide mating pheromone processing involved in pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation

peptide mating pheromone formation involved in pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation

peptide mating pheromone maturation involved in regulation of pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation

The formation of a mature peptide mating pheromone by proteolysis and/or modification of a peptide precursor, occurring in the context of pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation. [GOC:mah]


cholecalciferol 24-hydroxylase activity
calciferol 24-hydroxylase activity
ergocalciferol 24-hydroxylase activity
vitamin D3 24-hydroxylase activity
vitamin D2 24-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-24 of any form of vitamin D. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, PMID:15546903]


Binding to a histone in which a lysine residue has been modified by acetylation. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, GOC:rl, PMID:17582821]


microRNA loading complex location
RISC-loading complex
RLC
microRNA loading complex
miRLC

A trimeric protein complex required for the formation of a mature RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). In humans the complex is composed of the endonuclease Dicer (DICER1), TRBP (TARBP2) and the Argonaute protein Ago2 (EIF2C2/AGO2). Within the complex, Dicer and TRBP are required to process precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs) to mature miRNAs and then load them onto Ago2. Ago2 bound to the mature miRNA constitutes the minimal RISC and may subsequently dissociate from Dicer and TRBP. This complex has endoribonuclease activity. [GOC:ab, GOC:BHF, GOC:nc, GOC:rph, PMID:18178619, PMID:19820710]


Catalysis of the reaction: methylcytosine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 5-hydroxymethylcytosine + succinate + CO2. [PMID:19372391]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving base J (beta-D-glucosyl-hydroxymethyluracil), a hypermodified thymidine residue found in the genome of kinetoplastid parasites. This modified base is localized primarily to repetitive DNA, namely the telomeres, and is implicated in the regulation of antigenic variation. The base is synthesized in a two-step pathway. Initially, a thymidine residue in DNA is hydroxylated by a thymidine hydroxylase (TH) to form the intermediate hydroxymethyluracil, which is then glucosylated to form base J. [PMID:19114062]


A DNA-dependent DNA replication process in which a single-stranded DNA molecule is synthesized from a circular duplex template. Replication typically does not cease when one circumference has been replicated, but continues around the circumference several more times, producing a long single strand comprising multimers of the replicon. [GOC:cb, GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


A DNA-dependent DNA replication process in which a double-stranded DNA molecule is synthesized from a circular duplex template. [GOC:cb, GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


ascospore-type prospore membrane bending

The process in which a bending force is generated in the prospore membrane to form the characteristic curved shape of the prospore. [GOC:dgf, PMID:18756268]


The process in which the anatomical structures of a mitochondrion are generated and organized. [GOC:mah]


protein localization in mitochondrion
protein localisation in mitochondrion

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the mitochondrion. [GOC:ecd]


cell-cell adhesion involved in gastrulation

The attachment of one cell to another cell affecting gastrulation. [GOC:dsf, PMID:19091770]


regulation of cell-cell adhesion involved in gastrulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell affecting gastrulation. [GOC:dsf, PMID:19091770]


calcium ion membrane transport
transmembrane calcium transport

A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah]


cellular component macromolecule biosynthesis

cellular component macromolecule biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule that is destined to form part of a specific cellular component. [GOC:mah]


A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a spore wall. A spore wall is the specialized cell wall lying outside the cell membrane of a spore. [GOC:mah]


A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of an ascospore wall. [GOC:mah]


cell wall polysaccharide anabolism
cell wall polysaccharide synthesis
cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polysaccharide destined to form part of a cell wall. [GOC:mah]

cell wall polysaccharide biosynthetic process


The process in which dendrites recognize and avoid contact with sister dendrites from the same cell. [GOC:sart, PMID:17482551]


juvenile hormone response element binding

Binding to a juvenile hormone response element (JHRE), a conserved sequence found in the promoters of genes whose expression is regulated in response to juvenile hormone. [GOC:sart, PMID:17956872]


1,3-alpha-glucan metabolic process
alpha-1,3 glucan metabolism
alpha-1,3 glucan metabolic process
1,3-alpha-glucan metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds. [GOC:mah]


1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthesis
1,3-alpha-glucan anabolism
alpha-1,3 glucan anabolism
alpha-1,3 glucan biosynthetic process
alpha-1,3 glucan synthesis
1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process
alpha-1,3 glucan biosynthesis
1,3-alpha-glucan synthesis
alpha-1,3 glucan formation
1,3-alpha-glucan formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds. [GOC:mah]


cell wall alpha-1,3 glucan metabolic process

cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan metabolic process

cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells. [GOC:mah]


cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan biosynthetic process

cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process

cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells. [GOC:mah]


ascospore wall alpha-1,3 glucan metabolism

ascospore wall 1,3-alpha-glucan metabolism

ascospore wall alpha-1,3 glucan metabolic process

ascospore wall 1,3-alpha-glucan metabolic process

fungal-type cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores. [GOC:mah]


fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan formation

fungal-type cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan synthesis

fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan synthesis

fungal-type cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan formation

fungal-type cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan biosynthesis

fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthesis

fungal-type cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan anabolism

fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process

fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan anabolism

fungal-type cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan biosynthetic process

fungal-type cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal-type cell walls, including those of ascospores. [GOC:mah]


The cell cycle process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the length of the centromeric region of the chromosome. [GOC:mah]


regulation of sister chromatid cohesion at centromere

regulation of centromeric sister chromatid cohesion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion in the centromeric region of a chromosome. [GOC:mah]


SWI/SNF superfamily-type complex location

A protein complex that contains an ortholog of the Saccharomyces ATPase Swi2/Snf2 as one of the catalytic subunit components (ATPase) and mediates assembly of nucleosomes, changes to the spacing or structure of nucleosomes, or some combination of those activities in a manner that requires ATP. [GOC:bhm, GOC:krc, GOC:mah, PMID:16155938]


SWI-SNF global transcription activator complex location


regulation of alpha-1,3 glucan metabolic process

regulation of 1,3-alpha-glucan metabolism

regulation of alpha-1,3 glucan metabolism

regulation of 1,3-alpha-glucan metabolic process

regulation of (1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds. [GOC:mah]


regulation of alpha-1,3 glucan biosynthesis

regulation of alpha-1,3 glucan anabolism

regulation of alpha-1,3 glucan synthesis

regulation of 1,3-alpha-glucan synthesis

regulation of 1,3-alpha-glucan anabolism

regulation of 1,3-alpha-glucan formation

regulation of 1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthesis

regulation of alpha-1,3 glucan formation

regulation of 1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process

regulation of alpha-1,3 glucan biosynthetic process

regulation of (1->3)-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds. [GOC:mah]


regulation of cell wall alpha-1,3 glucan metabolism

regulation of cell wall alpha-1,3 glucan metabolic process

regulation of cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan metabolic process

regulation of cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan metabolism

regulation of cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells. [GOC:mah]


regulation of cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan anabolism

regulation of cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan formation

regulation of cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan anabolism

regulation of cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan formation

regulation of cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan biosynthesis

regulation of cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan synthesis

regulation of cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan synthesis

regulation of cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process

regulation of cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan biosynthetic process

regulation of cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthesis

regulation of cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells. [GOC:mah]


regulation of fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan metabolic process

regulation of ascospore wall 1,3-alpha-glucan metabolism

regulation of ascospore wall alpha-1,3 glucan metabolism

regulation of ascospore wall alpha-1,3 glucan metabolic process

regulation of fungal-type cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores. [GOC:mah]


regulation of fungal type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process

regulation of fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan anabolism

regulation of fungal-type cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan synthesis

regulation of fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthesis

regulation of fungal-type cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan formation

regulation of fungal-type cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan anabolism

regulation of fungal-type cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan biosynthesis

regulation of fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan synthesis

regulation of fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan formation

regulation of fungal-type cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan biosynthetic process

regulation of fungal-type cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal-type cell walls, including those of ascospores. [GOC:mah]


histone methylase activity (H3-R2 specific)

histone-arginine N-methyltransferase activity (H3-R2 specific)

histone methyltransferase activity (H3-R2 specific)

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H3)-arginine (position 2) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H3)-N-methyl-arginine (position 2). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 2 of histone H3. [GOC:mah, PMID:17898714]


histone-arginine N-methyltransferase activity (H2A-R3 specific)

histone methylase activity (H2A-R3 specific)

histone methyltransferase activity (H2A-R3 specific)

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H2A)-arginine (position 3) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H2A)-N-methyl-arginine (position 3). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 3 of histone H2A. [GOC:mah, PMID:17898714]


regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing, a protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. [GOC:mah]


The directed movement of tungstate (WO4 2-) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Tungstate is a bivalent oxoanion of tungsten. [GOC:dh]


regulation of thiamine diphosphate formation

regulation of thiamine diphosphate synthesis

regulation of thiamin diphosphate biosynthetic process

regulation of thiamine diphosphate anabolism

regulation of thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis

regulation of thiamine diphosphate biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine diphosphate. [GOC:mah]


negative regulation of thiamin diphosphate biosynthetic process

negative regulation of thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis

negative regulation of thiamine diphosphate formation

downregulation of thiamine diphosphate biosynthetic process

negative regulation of thiamine diphosphate synthesis

down-regulation of thiamine diphosphate biosynthetic process

negative regulation of thiamine diphosphate anabolism

down regulation of thiamine diphosphate biosynthetic process

negative regulation of thiamine diphosphate biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine diphosphate. [GOC:mah]


Grb2-mSos1 complex location
Grb2-mSos1 complex
Grb2-Sos complex location

A protein complex that contains Grb2 and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway. [GOC:mah, PMID:7798267, PMID:8940013]


Shc-Grb2-mSos1 complex location, EGF stimulated

A protein complex that contains Grb2, the adaptor protein Shc and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway. [GOC:mah, PMID:7970708, PMID:8940013]


Egfr-Grb2-mSos1 complex location, EGF stimulated

A protein complex that contains the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Grb2 and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway. [GOC:mah, PMID:7798267, PMID:8940013]


A protein complex that contains the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Grb2, the adaptor protein SHC and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway. [GOC:mah, PMID:7798267, PMID:8940013]


UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:lysosomal-enzyme N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase complex location

UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-lysosomal-enzyme N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase complex location

A protein complex that possesses UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-lysosomal-enzyme N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase activity; the bovine complex contains disulfide-linked homodimers of 166- and 51-kDa subunits and two identical, noncovalently associated 56-kDa subunits. [GOC:mah, PMID:8940155]


regulation of thiamin biosynthetic process

regulation of thiamine biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine. [GOC:mah]


down-regulation of thiamine biosynthetic process

negative regulation of thiamine formation

downregulation of thiamine biosynthetic process

negative regulation of thiamine biosynthesis

negative regulation of thiamine synthesis

negative regulation of thiamin biosynthetic process

negative regulation of thiamine anabolism

down regulation of thiamine biosynthetic process

negative regulation of thiamine biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine. [GOC:mah]


The release of intracellular molecules contained within the zymogen granule by fusion of the granule with the plasma membrane of the oocyte, requiring calcium ions. [GOC:BHF, GOC:vk, PMID:17442889]


(S)-2-(5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido)succinate AMP-lyase (fumarate-forming) activity


(1->4)-alpha-D-glucan metabolism
1,4-alpha-D-glucan metabolism
1,4-alpha-glucan metabolism
alpha-1,4 glucan metabolic process
alpha-1,4 glucan metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds. [GOC:mah]


(1->4)-alpha-D-glucan synthesis
(1->4)-alpha-D-glucan formation
1,4-alpha-glucan anabolism
alpha-1,4 glucan synthesis
1,4-alpha-glucan formation
1,4-alpha-glucan biosynthesis
alpha-1,4 glucan formation
1,4-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process
alpha-1,4 glucan biosynthesis
(1->4)-alpha-D-glucan anabolism
1,4-alpha-glucan synthesis
alpha-1,4 glucan anabolism
(1->4)-alpha-D-glucan biosynthesis
alpha-1,4 glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds. [GOC:mah]


Any process in which a spindle pole body is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. A spindle pole body is a type of microtubule organizing center found in fungal cells. [GOC:mah]


The directed movement of a substance from one side of an epithelium to the other. [GOC:mah, GOC:yaf, ISBN:0716731363]


The directed movement of ammonium ions from one side of an epithelium to the other. [GOC:mah, GOC:yaf]


nicotinamide ribonucleoside hydrolase activity

nicotinamide riboside hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinamide riboside + H2O = nicotinamide + D-ribose. [MetaCyc:RXN-8441, PMID:19001417]


nicotinate ribonucleoside hydrolase activity

nicotinic acid ribonucleoside hydrolase activity

D-ribosylnicotinic acid hydrolase activity

nicotinic acid riboside hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinic acid riboside + H2O = nicotinic acid + D-ribose. [GOC:mah, PMID:19001417]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving any pyridine nucleoside, a nucleoside in which a pyridine base covalently bonded to a sugar, usually ribose. [GOC:mah]


pyridine nucleoside breakdown
pyridine nucleoside catabolism
pyridine nucleoside degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any pyridine nucleoside, a nucleoside in which a pyridine base covalently bonded to a sugar, usually ribose. [GOC:mah]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D4, (3S,5Z,7E)-9,10-secoergosta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D5, (1S,3Z)-3-[(2E)-2-[(1R,3aS,7aR)-1-[(1R,4S)-4-ethyl-1,5-dimethylhexyl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylene-1-cyclohexanol. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, PubChem_Compound:9547700]


Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-25 of any form of vitamin D. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]


Binding to a vitamin D response element (VDRE), a short sequence with dyad symmetry found in the promoters of some of the cellular immediate-early genes, regulated by serum. [GOC:BHF, GOC:vk, PMID:17426122]


A small, granular structure that is found in the extracellular matrix of cell of the secretory tapetal layer that surrounds developing pollen grains. Ubisch bodies have a sporopollenin coat, are attached to the peritapetal wall, and may play a role in pollen development. [GOC:ecd, GOC:mah, PMID:14612572, PMID:16524248]


protein modification by small protein removal

A protein modification process in which one or more covalently attached groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are removed from a target protein. [GOC:mah]


protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal

A protein modification process in which one or more groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are covalently attached to or removed from a target protein. [GOC:mah]


An actin filament bundle that consists of short filaments organized into bundles of uniform polarity, and is nucleated by formins. In fungal cells, myosin motors transport cargo along actin cables toward sites of polarized cell growth; actin cables may play a similar role in pollen tube growth. [PMID:14671023, PMID:16959963]


The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a formin-nucleated actin cable. A formin-nucleated actin cable is an actin filament bundle that consists of short filaments organized into bundles of uniform polarity, and is nucleated by formins. [GOC:mah, PMID:14671023, PMID:16959963]


Any cellular process that establishes the spatial arrangement of actin filament bundles within the cell. [GOC:mah]


An rRNA catabolic process that results in the targeted detection and degradation of aberrant rRNAs contained within translationally defective ribosomes, thereby acting as a quality-control system. [GOC:mah, GOC:rn, PMID:17188037, PMID:19390089]


HAUS complex location
HAUS augmin complex location
HAUS augmin complex

A protein complex that localizes to interphase centrosomes and to mitotic spindle tubules and regulates mitotic spindle assembly and centrosome integrity; in human, the complex consists of eight subunits, some of which are homologous to subunits of the Drosophila Augmin complex. [PMID:19427217]


high-density lipoprotein receptor binding

high-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding

Binding to a high-density lipoprotein receptor. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]


The regrowth of a sensory epithelium following its loss or destruction. [GOC:dsf, PMID:19381250]


The regrowth of lost or destroyed mechanosensory epithelia. [GOC:dsf, PMID:19381250]


mechanoreceptor differentiation involved in mechanosensory epithelium regeneration

Differentiation of new mechanoreceptors to replace those lost or destroyed by injury. [GOC:dsf, PMID:19381250]


The regrowth of a neuromast following its loss or destruction. [GOC:dsf, PMID:19381250]


neuromast hair cell differentiation involved in neuromast regeneration

Differentiation of new neuromast sensory hair cells to replace those lost or destroyed by injury. [GOC:dsf, PMID:19381250]


inner ear sensory epithelium regeneration

The regrowth of lost or destroyed inner ear sensory epithelia. [GOC:dsf, PMID:19381250]


inner ear receptor cell differentiation involved in inner ear sensory epithelium regeneration

Differentiation of new inner ear sensory hair cells to replace those lost or destroyed by injury. [GOC:dsf, PMID:19381250]


The expansion of a mast cell population by cell division. [GOC:add]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation. [GOC:add, GOC:mah]


downregulation of leukocyte proliferation

down-regulation of leukocyte proliferation

down regulation of leukocyte proliferation

negative regulation of leukocyte proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation. [GOC:add, GOC:mah]


up regulation of leukocyte proliferation

up-regulation of leukocyte proliferation

positive regulation of leukocyte proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation. [GOC:add, GOC:mah]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mast cell proliferation. [GOC:add, GOC:mah]


downregulation of mast cell proliferation

down regulation of mast cell proliferation

down-regulation of mast cell proliferation

negative regulation of mast cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mast cell proliferation. [GOC:add, GOC:mah]


up regulation of mast cell proliferation

up-regulation of mast cell proliferation

positive regulation of mast cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mast cell proliferation. [GOC:add, GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-2 stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-4 stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-12 stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-15 stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-18 stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Catalysis of the reaction: hypoxanthine + NAD+ + H2O = xanthine + NADH + H+. [GOC:mah, GOC:pde]


Catalysis of the reaction: hypoxanthine + H2O + O2 = xanthine + H2O2. [GOC:mah, GOC:pde]


The invagination of the endosome membrane and resulting formation of a vesicle within the lumen of the endosome. [GOC:jp, PMID:19234443]


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing 2'-O-methylcytosine. [GOC:mah, PMID:19400805]


Binding to a preprotein, the unprocessed form of a protein destined to undergo co- or post-translational processing. [GOC:imk, GOC:mah, PMID:12914940]


Binding to inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]


asparaginyl-tRNAAsn biosynthesis via transamidation

A tRNA aminoacylation process in which asparaginyl-tRNAAsn is formed by a tRNA-dependent two-step pathway. In the first step a non-discriminating aspartyl-tRNA synthetase generates the misacylated L-aspartyl-tRNAAsn species, and in the second step it is amidated to the correctly charged L-asparaginyl-tRNAAsn by the heterotrimeric aspartyl-tRNAAsn amidotransferase. [GOC:mah, MetaCyc:PWY490-4]


glutaminyl-tRNAGln biosynthesis via transamidation

A tRNA aminoacylation process in which glutaminyl-tRNAGln is formed by a tRNA-dependent two-step pathway. In the first step a non-discriminating glutamyl-tRNAGlx synthetase generates the misacylated L-glutamyl-tRNAGln species, and in the second step it is amidated to the correctly charged L-glutaminyl-tRNAGln by a glutamyl-tRNAGln amidotransferase. [GOC:mah, MetaCyc:PWY-5921]


The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active proteasome regulatory particle complex. [GOC:mah, GOC:rb, PMID:19412159]


intracellular signal transduction involved in mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint

intracellular signaling pathway involved in mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint

intracellular signaling cascade involved in mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint

intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint

intracellular signaling cascade involved in topo II checkpoint

signal transduction involved in mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint

intracellular signaling cascade involved in mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint

intracellular signaling chain involved in mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint

intracellular signal transduction involved in topo II checkpoint

intracellular signaling chain involved in mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint

mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint signaling

A signaling process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA during mitosis. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and ends with signal transduction. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle]


The reproductive process in which coagulated semen becomes liquid following ejaculation, allowing the progressive release of motile spermatozoa. [GOC:mah, PMID:18482984]


The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a macropinocytic cup. [GOC:mah]


The part of the cortical actin cytoskeleton that forms part of a macropinocytic cup. [GOC:mah]


threonine catabolic process to propionate


threonine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA


dimeric positive transcription elongation factor complex location b

dimeric positive transcription elongation factor complex b


trimeric positive transcription elongation factor complex location b

trimeric positive transcription elongation factor complex b


C-terminal domain kinase I complex location

A positive transcription elongation factor complex that comprises the CDK kinase CTK1 (in budding yeast), Lsk1 (in fission yeast) (corresponding to the Panther PTHR24056:SF39 family), a cyclin and an additional gamma subunit (corresponding to the InterPRO entry IPR024638). [GOC:mah, GOC:vw, PMID:16721054, PMID:19328067]


P-TEFb-cap methyltransferase complex location

A protein complex that is formed by the association of positive transcription elongation factor complex b (P-TEFb) with the mRNA capping methyltransferase. [PMID:17332744, PMID:19328067]


deoxynucleoside 5'-monophosphate N-glycosidase activity

deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate N-glycosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate + H2O = deoxyribose 5-monophosphate + a purine or pyrimidine base. [GOC:ab, PMID:17234634]


A protein complex that is composed of AKTIP/FTS, FAM160A2/p107FHIP, and one or more members of the Hook family of proteins, HOOK1, HOOK2, and HOOK3. The complex is thought to promote vesicle trafficking and/or fusion, and associates with the homotypic vesicular sorting complex (the HOPS complex). [GOC:ab, GOC:mah, PMID:18799622]


transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase binding

Binding to a receptor that spans a cell membrane and possesses protein serine/threonine kinase activity. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]


Binding to an activin receptor. [GOC:BHF, GOC:vk]


Binding to a type I activin receptor. [GOC:BHF, GOC:vk]


Binding to a type II activin receptor. [GOC:BHF, GOC:vk]


bone morphogenetic protein receptor binding

Binding to a BMP receptor. [GOC:BHF, GOC:vk]


An extracellular region part that consists of a protective layer of mucus secreted by epithelial cells lining tubular organs of the body such as the colon or secreted into fluids such as saliva. Mucus is a viscous slimy secretion consisting of mucins (i.e. highly glycosylated mucin proteins) and various inorganic salts dissolved in water, with suspended epithelial cells and leukocytes. [GOC:krc, GOC:mah, GOC:mm2, PMID:18806221, PMID:19432394, Wikipedia:Mucin]


The inner of two mucus layers secreted by epithelial cells in the colon; the inner mucus layer is firmly attached to the epithelium, is densely packed with a compact stratified appearance and is devoid of bacteria. [GOC:mah, GOC:mm2, PMID:18806221, PMID:19432394]


The outer of two mucus layers secreted by epithelial cells in the colon; the outer mucus layer is loosely packed and can be colonized by bacteria. [GOC:mah, GOC:mm2, PMID:18806221, PMID:19432394]


Catalysis of the introduction of a double bond into a sterol molecule. [GOC:mah, GOC:vw]


The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of one or more nucleotides. [GOC:cb, GOC:mah]


The modification of an RNA molecule by removal of a single nucleotide. [GOC:cb, GOC:mah]


The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of a dinucleotide. [GOC:cb, GOC:mah]


The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of a cytidine nucleotide. [GOC:cb, GOC:mah]


The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of a guanosine nucleotide. [GOC:cb, GOC:mah]


The modification of an RNA molecule by removal of a uridine nucleotide. [GOC:cb, GOC:mah]


The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of an adenosine-uridine dinucleotide. [GOC:cb, GOC:mah]


The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of an cytidine-uridine dinucleotide. [GOC:cb, GOC:mah]


The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of an guanosine-cytidine dinucleotide. [GOC:cb, GOC:mah]


The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of an guanosine-uridine insertion dinucleotide. [GOC:cb, GOC:mah]


sodium-dependent organic cation transport

The directed, sodium-dependent, movement of organic cations into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]


mismatch repair involved in maintenance of fidelity during DNA-dependent DNA replication


Binding to a stretch of purines (adenine or guanine) in an RNA molecule. [GOC:mah]


PDGFRA-SHP-2 complex location, PDGF stimulated

A protein complex that contains the platelet-derived growth factor alpha receptor (alphaPDGFR; PDGFRA) and the adaptor protein SHP-2, and is involved signaling via the PDGFR signaling pathway. [GOC:mah, PMID:8943348]


PDGFRA-PLC-gamma-1-PI3K-SHP-2 complex location, PDGF stimulated

PDGFRA-PLC-gamma-1-PI3K-SHP-2 complex, PDGF stimulated

A protein complex that contains the platelet-derived growth factor alpha receptor (alphaPDGFR; PDGFRA), phospholipase C-gamma-1 (PLC-gamma-1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the adaptor protein SHP-2, and is involved signaling via the PDGFR signaling pathway. [GOC:mah, PMID:8943348]


GRB2-SHP-2 complex location, PDGF stimulated

A protein complex that contains the receptor adaptor proteins Grb2 and SHP-2, and is involved signaling via the PDGFR signaling pathway. [GOC:mah, PMID:8943348]


interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 transcription complex location

A transcription factor complex that consists of a Stat1-Stat2 heterodimer and the IRF9 protein. [GOC:mah, PMID:8943351]


Tle3-Aes complex location
Grg3b-Grg5 complex
Grg3b-Grg5 complex location

A transcriptional repressor complex that consists of a heterodimer of the proteins Tle3 (also known as Grg3b) and Aes (Grg5), which are homologs of the Drosophila groucho gene product. [GOC:mah, PMID:8955148]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholesterol stimulus. [GOC:BHF, GOC:vk]


bone morphogenetic protein receptor complex location

A protein complex that acts as a receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs); a homo- or heterodimer of type I and/or type II BMP receptor subunits. [GOC:mah, GOC:mh, PMID:19377468]


A cytoplasmic part that appears as an electron-dense sphere of around 1.5 micron diameter containing Yb protein found in somatic cells of ovary and testis. There are one to two Yb bodies per cell. [GOC:sart, PMID:19433453]


Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. [GOC:mah]


Binding to 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]


The directed movement of a cyclic nucleotide, any nucleotide in which phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue, into, out of or within a cell. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


The directed movement of cyclic AMP (cAMP), into, out of or within a cell. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


The directed movement of cyclic GMP (cGMP), into, out of or within a cell. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


An organelle envelope that surrounds the chromosomes and the central part of the spindle apparatus during mitosis and meiosis; observed in many invertebrates. The spindle envelope consists of membrane layers, called parafusorial membranes, derived from endoplasmic reticulum membrane; in male meiosis it forms during prometaphase and persists until early in the ensuing interphase. [GOC:mah, GOC:sart, PMID:19417004, PMID:6428889]


adenosine monophosphate-protein transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein = diphosphate + adenylyl-protein; mediates the addition of an adenylyl (adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AMP group) to specific residues of target proteins. [GOC:mah, PMID:19039103, PMID:19362538]


histone lysine H3 K27 methylation
histone H3K27me
histone H3 K27 methylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 27 of the histone. [GOC:mah, GOC:pr]


Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glycine residues to a specific glutamate residue on a target protein. [GOC:mah, PMID:19524510]


protein-glycine ligase activity, initiating

Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of a glycine residue to the gamma-carboxyl group(s) of one or more specific glutamate residues on a target protein. [GOC:mah, PMID:19524510]


protein-glycine ligase activity, elongating

Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glycine residues to a glycine residue covalently attached to the gamma-carboxyl group of a glutamate residue on a target protein, resulting in the elongation of a polyglycine side chain. [GOC:mah, PMID:19524510]


Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glycine residues to a specific glutamate residue on a target tubulin molecule; acts on alpha or beta tubulin. [GOC:mah, PMID:19524510]


protein-glutamate ligase activity
protein glutamylase activity

Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glutamate residues to a specific residue on a target protein. [GOC:mah, PMID:19524510]


tubulin-glutamate ligase activity
tubulin glutamylase activity

Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glutamate residues to the gamma-carboxyl group(s) of one or more specific glutamate residues on a tubulin molecule. [GOC:mah, PMID:19524510]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-6 stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Binding to a C2H2-type zinc finger domain of a protein. The C2H2 zinc finger is the classical zinc finger domain, in which two conserved cysteines and histidines co-ordinate a zinc ion. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, Pfam:PF00096]


A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-23 alpha (p19, product of the IL23A gene) and an interleukin-12 beta (p40, product of the IL12B gene) subunit and is secreted into the extracellular space. [GOC:add, PMID:11114383, PMID:15999093]


A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-27p28 subunit (product of the IL27 gene) and an EBI3 subunit and is secreted into the extracellular space. [GOC:add, PMID:15999093, PMID:19161428]


Combining with interleukin-35 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. [GOC:add, GOC:signaling]


Binding to an interleukin-35 receptor. [GOC:add]


The appearance of interleukin-35 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:mah]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-35 production. [GOC:mah]


down-regulation of interleukin-35 production

downregulation of interleukin-35 production

down regulation of interleukin-35 production

negative regulation of interleukin-35 production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-35 production. [GOC:mah]


upregulation of interleukin-35 production

up regulation of interleukin-35 production

up-regulation of interleukin-35 production

positive regulation of interleukin-35 production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-35 production. [GOC:mah]


stimulation of interleukin-35 production


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-35 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:add, GOC:mah, GOC:signaling]


regulation of interleukin-35-mediated signalling pathway

regulation of IL-35-mediated signaling pathway

regulation of interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway. [GOC:mah]


negative regulation of interleukin-35-mediated signalling pathway

negative regulation of IL-35-mediated signaling pathway

negative regulation of interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway. [GOC:mah]


positive regulation of interleukin-35-mediated signalling pathway

positive regulation of IL-35-mediated signaling pathway

positive regulation of interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway. [GOC:mah]


respiratory burst involved in defense response

A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as part of a defense response ; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:12789499]


immune response-regulating signalling pathway

immune response-regulating signaling pathway

The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to the activation, perpetuation, or inhibition of an immune response. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15771571]


The series of events by which an endogenous stimulus is received by a cilium on a cell and converted to a molecular signal contributing to left/right asymmetry. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area in which the heart will develop. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The close range interaction between mesoderm and endoderm or ectoderm that causes cells to change their fates and specify the development of the heart. [GOC:mtg_heart]


BMP signalling pathway involved in heart induction

BMP signaling pathway involved in heart induction

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to heart induction. [GOC:mtg_heart]


Any process that mediates the transfer of information from mesodermal cells to endodermal cells. [GOC:mtg_heart]


mesodermal-endodermal cell signalling involved in heart induction

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from mesodermal cells to endodermal cells that contributes to heart induction. [GOC:mtg_heart]

mesodermal-endodermal cell signaling involved in heart induction


Any process that mediates the transfer of information from endodermal cells to mesodermal cells. [GOC:mtg_heart]


endodermal-mesodermal cell signalling involved in heart induction

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from endodermal cells to mesodermal cells that contributes to heart induction. [GOC:mtg_heart]

endodermal-mesodermal cell signaling involved in heart induction


fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in heart induction

fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart induction

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to heart induction. [GOC:mtg_heart]


negative regulation of heart induction by canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway

negative regulation of cardioblast cell fate specification by Wnt receptor signaling pathway

negative regulation of heart induction by canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway

negative regulation of heart induction by canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway

negative regulation of heart induction by canonical Wnt signaling pathway

Any canonical Wnt signaling that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of heart induction. [GOC:mtg_heart, PMID:19862329]


Notch signalling pathway involved in heart induction

Notch signaling pathway involved in heart induction

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to heart induction. [GOC:mtg_heart]


first heart field specification
FHS specification

The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the primary beating heart tube. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle. [GOC:mtg_heart, GOC:rl]


SHF specification
second heart field specification

The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, arterial pole (outflow tract) and venous pole (inflow tract). [GOC:mtg_heart, GOC:rl, PMID:17276708]


determination of left/right asymmetry in lateral mesoderm

The establishment of the lateral mesoderm with respect to the left and right halves. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the cardiogenic plate are generated and organized. The cardiogenic plate is the first recognizable structure derived from the heart field. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic heart tube are generated and organized. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process that gives rise to the embryonic heart tube. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart. [GOC:mtg_heart]


embryonic heart tube formation via epithelial folding

The process that gives rise to the embryonic heart tube by the cells of the heart field along a linear axis. [GOC:mtg_heart]


neural crest cell migration involved in heart formation

The characteristic movement of a cell from the dorsal ridge of the neural tube towards the heart and that contributes to heart formation. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract septum are generated and organized. The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which the membranous septum is generated and organized. The membranous septum is the upper part of ventricular septum. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which the muscular septum is generated and organized. The muscular septum is the lower part of the ventricular septum. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract are generated and organized. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries. [GOC:mtg_heart, UBERON:0004145]


morphogenesis of an epithelial fold involved in embryonic heart tube formation

The morphogenetic process in which an epithelial sheet bends along a linear axis, contributing to embryonic heart tube formation. [GOC:mtg_heart]


Creation of the central hole of the embryonic heart tube by sealing the edges of an epithelial fold. [GOC:mtg_heart]


BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry

BMP signalling pathway involved in determination of left/right symmetry

BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right symmetry

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the determination of left/right symmetry. [GOC:mtg_heart, GOC:signaling]


BMP signalling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry

BMP signaling pathway involved in lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry determination

BMP signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of any member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family binding to a cell surface receptor that contributes to the determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry. [GOC:mtg_heart]


Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of animal organ formation. Organ formation is the process pertaining to the initial formation of an organ from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure, such as inductive events, and ends when the structural rudiment of the organ is recognizable, such as a condensation of mesenchymal cells into the organ rudiment. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_heart, GOC:tb]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocardium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which the anatomical structure of an endothelium is generated and organized. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardium is generated and organized. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers. [GOC:mtg_heart]


cardiac impulse conducting system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac conduction system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the atrioventricular (AV) node over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The AV node is part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of ventricle contraction by receiving electrical signals from the sinoatrial (SA) node and relaying them to the His-Purkinje system. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sinoatrial (SA) node over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The SA node is part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the His-Purkinje system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The His-Purkinje system receives signals from the AV node and is composed of the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a Purkinje myocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Purkinje myocyte (also known as cardiac Purkinje fiber) is part of the cardiac conduction system that receives signals from the bundle of His and innervates the ventricular cardiac muscle. [GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11, GOC:mtg_heart]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bundle of His over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The bundle of His is part of the His-Purkinje system that transmits signals from the AV node to the cardiac Purkinje fibers. [GOC:mtg_heart]


atrioventricular bundle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell of the atrioventricular bundle. These cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that transmit signals from the AV node to the cardiac Purkinje fibers. [GOC:mtg_heart]


cardiac Purkinje fiber cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a Purkinje myocyte (also known as cardiac Purkinje fiber cell). These cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that receive signals from the bundle of His and innervate the ventricular cardiac muscle. [GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11, GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which the anatomical structures of veins of the heart are generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The progression of a heart valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A heart valve is a structure that restricts the flow of blood to different regions of the heart and forms from an endocardial cushion. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The progression of the atrioventricular valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The progression of the sinoatrial valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The progression of the ventriculo bulbo valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The progression of the mitral valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The progression of the tricuspid valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The progression of the aortic valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The progression of the pulmonary valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The progression of the valve of the coronary sinus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which the structure of a heart valve is generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which the structure of the aortic valve is generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which the structure of the atrioventricular valve is generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which the structure of the coronary sinus valve is generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which the structure of the mitral valve is generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which the structure of the pulmonary valve is generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which the structure of the sinoatrial valve is generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which the structure of the tricuspid valve is generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which the structure of the ventriculo bulbo valve is generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a heart valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the aortic valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the atrioventricular valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the coronary sinus valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the mitral valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the pulmonary valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the sinoatrial valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the tricuspid valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the ventriculo bulbo valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The progression of a cardiac cushion over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves. [GOC:mtg_heart]


epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation

A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of the endocardial cushion. [GOC:mtg_heart]


endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in valve formation

endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart valve formation

A transition where an endocardial cushion cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of a cardiac valve. [GOC:mtg_heart]


endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart chamber septation

A transition where an endocardial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of the heart septum. [GOC:mtg_heart]


epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in coronary vasculature morphogenesis

A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the shaping of the coronary vasculature. [GOC:mtg_heart]


endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in cardiac skeleton development

A transition where an endocardial cushion cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will give rise to the cardiac skeleton. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardial cushion is generated and organized. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The progression of the cardiac skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac skeleton is a specialized extracellular matrix that separates the atria from the ventricles and provides physical support for the heart. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The progression of a cardiac chamber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which a cardiac chamber is generated and organized. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac chamber from unspecified parts. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which the cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which the cardiac atrium is generated and organized. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac atrium from unspecified parts. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which the left cardiac atrium is generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which the right cardiac atrium is generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which the left cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which the right cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a left cardiac atrium from unspecified parts. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac right atrium from unspecified parts. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a left cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a right cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts. [GOC:mtg_heart]


left ventricular myocardium morphogenesis

left ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of left cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]


right ventricle myocardium morphogenesis

right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the right cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]


ventricular trabecula myocardium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]


ventricular compact myocardium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the compact cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]


left ventricular compact myocardium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac left ventricular compact myocardium are generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]


left ventricular trabecular myocardium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac left ventricular trabecular myocardium are generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]


right ventricular compact myocardium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the right ventricular compact myocardium are generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]


right ventricular trabecular myocardium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the right ventricular myocardium are generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]


atrial cardiac muscle tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle of the atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:mtg_heart]


ventricular cardiac muscle tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of ventricular cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bulbus arteriosus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The bulbus arteriosus is an elastic heart chamber. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which the bulbus arteriosus is generated and organized. The bulbus arteriosus is an elastic cardiac chamber. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the bulbus arteriosus from unspecified parts. The bulbus arteriosus is an elastic chamber of the heart. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The progression of the sinus venosus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which the sinus venosus is generated and organized. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the sinus venosus from unspecified parts. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The progression of the conus arteriosus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The conus arteriosus is a valved chamber with thick muscular walls stemming from the ventricle and connecting to the pulmonary trunk. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which the conus arteriosus is generated and organized. The conus arteriosus is a valved chamber with thick muscular walls stemming from the ventricle and connecting to the pulmonary trunk. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the conus arteriosus from unspecified parts. The conus arteriosus is a valved chamber with thick muscular walls stemming from the ventricle and connecting to the pulmonary trunk. [GOC:mtg_heart]


Developmental growth that contributes to the shaping of the heart. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The morphogenic growth in which the chambers of the heart expand in size, contributing to their shaping. [GOC:mtg_heart]


circumferential growth involved in left ventricle morphogenesis

The morphogenetic growth in which the left ventricle grows expanding its external boundary. [GOC:mtg_heart, PMID:14709543]


radial growth involved in right ventricle morphogenesis

The morphogenic growth in which the right ventricle grows along a radial axis. [GOC:mtg_heart]


cardiac muscle tissue growth involved in heart morphogenesis

The developmental growth of cardiac muscle tissue that contributes to the shaping of the heart. [GOC:mtg_heart]


embryonic cardiac muscle physiological hypertrophy

embryonic cardiac muscle cell growth involved in heart morphogenesis

The growth of a cardiac muscle cell during the embryonic period, that contributes to the shaping of the heart. [GOC:mtg_heart]


post-embryonic cardiac muscle cell growth involved in heart morphogenesis

The growth of a cardiac muscle cell during the postembryonic period that contributes to the shaping of the heart. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The increase in heart capillaries that accompanies physiological hypertrophy of cardiac muscle. [GOC:mtg_heart]


cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of cells that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve. [GOC:mtg_heart]


regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cell proliferation that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve. [GOC:mtg_heart]


positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of cell proliferation that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve. [GOC:mtg_heart]


negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cell proliferation that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve. [GOC:mtg_heart]


cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

The orderly movement of a neural crest cell from one site to another that will contribute to the morphogenesis of the outflow tract. [GOC:mtg_heart]


Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of membrane depolarization. Membrane depolarization is the process in which membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the resting potential, usually from negative to positive. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


endocardial precursor cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial precursor cell. A endocardial precursor cell is a cell that has been committed to a endocardial cell fate, but will undergo further cell divisions rather than terminally differentiate. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The orderly movement of a cardioblast toward the head and laterally to form the heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The orderly movement of a cardiac progenitor cell to form the heart field. Cardiac progenitor cells are non-terminally differentiated, mesoderm-derived cells that are committed to differentiate into cells of the heart. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. [GOC:mtg_heart]


myocardial progenitor cell midline convergence

cardiac muscle progenitor cell migration to the midline involved in heart field formation

The orderly movement of a myocardial progenitor cell toward the midline to form the heart field. Cardiac muscle progenitor cells are non-terminally differentiated, mesoderm-derived cells that are committed to differentiate into myocardial cells of the heart. [GOC:mtg_heart]


endocardial progenitor cell migration to the midline involved in heart field formation

The orderly movement of an endocardial progenitor cell toward the midline to form the heart field. Cardiac muscle progenitor cells are non-terminally differentiated, mesoderm-derived cells that are committed to differentiate into endocardial cells of the heart. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The multiplication or reproduction of cardioblasts, resulting in the expansion of the population in the heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. [GOC:mtg_heart]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. [GOC:mtg_heart]


regulation of first heart field cardioblast proliferation

regulation of FHF cardioblast proliferation

regulation of first heart field cardiac proliferation

regulation of primary heart field cardioblast proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the primary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle. [GOC:mtg_heart, GOC:rl]


regulation of SHF cardioblast proliferation

regulation of second heart field cardioblast proliferation

regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the second heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. The secondary heart field is the region of the heart that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, the arterial pole (outflow tract) and the venous pole (inflow tract). [GOC:mtg_heart, GOC:rl, PMID:17276708]


canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of second heart field cardioblast proliferation

canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in positive regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

A canonical Wnt signaling pathway that contributes to an increase in the frequency, or rate of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. [GOC:mtg_heart]


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast cell proliferation

fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast cell proliferation

fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in regulation of second heart field cardioblast cell proliferation

fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands contributing to the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. [GOC:mtg_heart]


BMP signalling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

BMP signaling pathway involved in regulation of second heart field cardioblast proliferation

BMP signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. [GOC:mtg_heart]


Notch signalling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

Notch signaling pathway involved in regulation of second heart field cardioblast proliferation

Notch signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. [GOC:mtg_heart]


hh signaling pathway involved in regulation of second heart field cardioblast proliferation

smoothened receptor signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

hedgehog signaling pathway involved in regulation of second heart field cardioblast proliferation

smoothened receptor signalling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

smoothened receptor signaling pathway involved in regulation of second heart field cardioblast proliferation

smoothened signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened contributing to the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves. [GOC:mtg_heart, PMID:15797462]


cell migration involved in endocardial cushion formation

The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The cell-cell adhesion process of mesenchymal cardiac cushion cells that contributes to the process of cushion shaping. [GOC:mtg_heart]


apoptosis involved in outflow tract morphogenesis


apoptosis involved in heart valve morphogenesis

apoptotic process involved in heart valve morphogenesis

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve. [GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:mtg_heart]


apoptosis involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis

apoptotic process involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves. [GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:mtg_heart]


apoptosis involved in heart morphogenesis


The progression of a cardiac septum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. [GOC:mtg_heart]


interventricular septum development
septum inferius development

The progression of the ventricular septum over time from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:mtg_heart]


ventricular septum intermedium development

The progression of the ventricular septum intermedium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The progression of the atrial septum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The progression of the septum primum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The progression of the septum secundum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The progression of the atrial septum intermedium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:mtg_heart]


ventricular septum intermedium morphogenesis

The developmental process in which a ventricular septum intermedium is generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum primum is generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum secundum is generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum intermedium is generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which an endocardial cushion cell becomes a cell of a cardiac septum. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which an endocardial cushion cell give rise to a cell that is part of a heart valve. [GOC:mtg_heart]


atrio-ventricular junction remodeling
atrioventricular junction remodeling

The reorganization or renovation of heart tissue that contributes to the maturation of the connection between an atrium and a ventricle. [GOC:mtg_heart]


cell proliferation involved in atrio-ventricular junction remodeling

cell proliferation involved in atrioventricular junction remodeling

cell proliferation involved in atrial ventricular junction remodeling

The multiplication or reproduction of cells that contributes to the reorganization of tissue resulting in the maturation of the atrial ventricular junction. [GOC:mtg_heart]


apoptosis involved in atrio-ventricular junction remodeling

apoptosis involved in atrioventricular junction remodeling

apoptotic process involved in atrial ventricular junction remodeling

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the reorganization of tissue resulting in the maturation of the atrial ventricular junction. [GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:mtg_heart]


The morphogenetic process in which the aorta inserts between the atrioventricular valves, contributing to the shaping of the heart. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ or tissue due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development. [GOC:mtg_heart]


muscle hypertrophy in response to stress

The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ or tissue due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis. [GOC:mtg_heart]


physiological cardiac muscle hypertrophy

The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size of cardiac muscle cells without cell division. This process contributes to the developmental growth of the heart. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11, GOC:mtg_heart]


transforming growth factor beta receptor signalling pathway involved in heart jogging

transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway involved in heart jogging

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the process of heart jogging. [GOC:mtg_heart, GOC:signaling]


BMP signalling pathway involved in heart jogging

BMP signaling pathway involved in heart jogging

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the process of heart jogging. [GOC:mtg_heart]


myocardial epithelial involution involved in heart jogging

The morphogenetic process in which the myocardium bends along a linear axis and contributes to the process of heart jogging. [GOC:mtg_heart]


cell migration involved in heart jogging

The orderly movement of a cell of the myocardium from one site to another that will contribute to heart jogging. [GOC:mtg_heart]


Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in heart development

Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in heart development

Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development

Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the heart over time. [GOC:mtg_heart]


regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development

regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in heart development

regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in heart development

regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the heart over time. [GOC:mtg_heart]


negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development

negative regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in heart development

negative regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in heart development

negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the heart over time. [GOC:mtg_heart]


pancreatic beta cell differentiation
pancreatic B cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a type B pancreatic cell. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin. [CL:0000169, GOC:dph, PMID:11076772]


The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic A cell. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon. [GOC:dph, PMID:11076772]


The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features that characterize a pancreatic delta cell. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin. [GOC:dph, PMID:11076772]


pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide. [GOC:dph, PMID:11076772]


The progression of the heart rudiment over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The heart rudiment is a cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the heart rudiment are generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the heart rudiment. [GOC:mtg_heart]


myocardial progenitor epithelial polarization

establishment of myocardial progenitor cell apical/basal polarity

The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an myocardial progenitor cell that contributes to the formation of the heart rudiment. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The attachment of cardiac progenitor cells to one another that contributes to the formation of the heart rudiment. [GOC:mtg_heart]


cell migration to the midline involved in heart development

The orderly movement of a cell toward the midline that contributes to the progression of the heart over time. [GOC:mtg_heart]


cardioblast migration to the midline involved in heart rudiment formation

The orderly movement of a cardioblast toward the midline that contributes to the initial appearance of the heart rudiment. [GOC:mtg_heart]


The inward folding of myocardial tissue derived from the right half of the heart rudiment that will form the future ventral part of the heart tube. [GOC:mtg_heart]


positive regulation of blood pressure by epinephrine-norepinephrine

Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is increased by the chemicals epinephrine and norepinephrine. [GOC:dph]