GSI anchor anabolism
GSI anchor formation
GSI anchor synthesis
GSI anchor biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycosylsphingolipidinositol (GSI) anchor that attaches some membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. The sphingolipid group is linked, via the C-6 hydroxyl residue of inositol to a carbohydrate chain which is itself linked to the protein via a ethanolamine phosphate group, its amino group forming an amide linkage with the C-terminal carboxyl of the protein. Some GSI anchors have variants on this canonical linkage. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:jsg]


GSI anchor synthesis via N-seryl-glycosylsphingolipidinositolethanolamine

GSI anchor formation via N-seryl-glycosylsphingolipidinositolethanolamine

GSI anchor anabolism via N-seryl-glycosylsphingolipidinositolethanolamine

GSI anchor biosynthetic process via N-seryl-glycosylsphingolipidinositolethanolamine

The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-serine ethanolamide-linked glycosylsphingolipidinositol (GSI) anchor following hydrolysis of a seryl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein. [RESID:AA0166]


glycosylceramide formation
glycosylceramide synthesis
glycosylceramide anabolism
glycosylceramide biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of a monosaccharide (or derivative) by a ceramide group. [GOC:ai]


glucosylceramide synthesis
glucosylceramide biosynthesis
glucosylceramide anabolism
glucosylceramide formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of glucose by a ceramide group. [GOC:ai]


regulation of glucosylceramide synthesis

regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthesis

regulation of glucosylceramide formation

regulation of glucosylceramide anabolism

regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosylceramide. [GOC:ai, GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


negative regulation of glucosylceramide formation

down-regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process

down regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process

downregulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process

negative regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthesis

negative regulation of glucosylceramide synthesis

negative regulation of glucosylceramide anabolism

negative regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosylceramide. [GOC:ai, GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


positive regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthesis

positive regulation of glucosylceramide anabolism

positive regulation of glucosylceramide formation

up regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process

up-regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process

upregulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process

positive regulation of glucosylceramide synthesis

positive regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosylceramide. [GOC:ai]


phospholipid biosynthesis
phospholipid anabolism
phospholipid formation
phospholipid synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phospholipid, a lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester. [ISBN:0198506732]


glycerophospholipid formation
phosphoglyceride biosynthetic process
glycerophospholipid synthesis
glycerophospholipid anabolism
glycerophospholipid biosynthesis
phosphoglyceride biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue. [ISBN:0198506732]


phosphatidic acid synthesis
phosphatidic acid formation
phosphatidic acid anabolism
phosphatidic acid biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidic acid, any derivative of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline. [ISBN:0198506732]


phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from choline

The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that begins with the phosphorylation of choline and ends with the combination of CDP-choline with diacylglycerol to form phosphatidylcholine. [ISBN:0471331309, MetaCyc:PWY3O-450]


phosphatidylglycerol synthesis
phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis
phosphatidylglycerol formation
phosphatidylglycerol anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylglycerols, any of a class of phospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of glycerol. [ISBN:0198506732]


phosphatidylserine synthesis
phosphatidylserine anabolism
phosphatidylserine formation
phosphatidylserine biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylserines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor that attaches some membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. The phosphatidylinositol group is linked via the C-6 hydroxyl residue of inositol to a carbohydrate chain which is itself linked to the protein via an ethanolamine phosphate group, its amino group forming an amide linkage with the C-terminal carboxyl of the protein. Some GPI anchors have variants on this canonical linkage. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198547684]


A transamidation reaction that results in the cleavage of the polypeptide chain and the concomitant transfer of the GPI anchor to the newly formed carboxy-terminal amino acid of the anchored protein. The cleaved C-terminal contains the C-terminal GPI signal sequence of the newly synthesized polypeptide chain. [ISBN:0879695595]


GPI anchor anabolism via N-alanyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

GPI anchor synthesis via N-alanyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

GPI anchor formation via N-alanyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-alanyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-alanine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of an alanyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein. [RESID:AA0163]


GPI anchor anabolism via N-asparaginyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

GPI anchor formation via N-asparaginyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

GPI anchor synthesis via N-asparaginyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-asparaginyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-asparagine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a asparaginyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein. [RESID:AA0158]


GPI anchor anabolism via N-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

GPI anchor formation via N-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

GPI anchor synthesis via N-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-aspartic acid ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a aspartyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein. [RESID:AA0159]


GPI anchor formation via N-cysteinyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

GPI anchor synthesis via N-cysteinyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

GPI anchor anabolism via N-cysteinyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-cysteinyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-cysteine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a cysteinyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein. [RESID:AA0160]


GPI anchor synthesis via N-glycyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

GPI anchor formation via N-glycyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

GPI anchor anabolism via N-glycyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-glycyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-glycine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a glycyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein. [RESID:AA0161]


GPI anchor synthesis via N-seryl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

GPI anchor anabolism via N-seryl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

GPI anchor formation via N-seryl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-seryl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-serine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a seryl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein. [RESID:AA0162]


preassembly of GPI anchor in endoplasmic reticulum membrane

preassembly of GPI anchor in ER membrane

The stepwise addition of the components of the GPI anchor on to phosphatidylinositol lipids in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. [ISBN:0879695595]


phosphatidylinositol anabolism
PtdIns biosynthetic process
phosphatidylinositol formation
phosphatidylinositol synthesis
phosphatidylinositol biosynthesis
phosphoinositide biosynthetic process
PtdIns biosynthesis
phosphoinositide biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid in which the sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol. [ISBN:0198506732]


platelet activating factor formation
PAF biosynthesis
platelet activating factor synthesis
platelet activating factor anabolism
PAF biosynthetic process
platelet activating factor biosynthesis

platelet activating factor biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of platelet activating factor, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine, where alkyl = hexadecyl or octadecyl. Platelet activating factor is an inflammatory mediator released from a variety of cells in response to various stimuli. [ISBN:0198547684]


sphingomyelin formation
sphingomyelin anabolism
sphingomyelin synthesis
sphingomyelin biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine. [ISBN:0198506732]


sphingolipid anabolism
sphingolipid synthesis
sphingolipid biosynthesis
sphingolipid formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid). [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


sphingoid formation
sphingoid synthesis
sphingoid anabolism
sphingoid biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingoids, any of a class of compounds comprising sphinganine and its homologues and stereoisomers, and derivatives of these compounds. [ISBN:0198506732]


ceramide biosynthesis
ceramide anabolism
ceramide synthesis
ceramide formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ceramides, any N-acylated sphingoid. [GOC:ai]


sphinganine biosynthesis
dihydrosphingosine biosynthesis
dihydrosphingosine biosynthetic process
sphinganine synthesis
sphinganine anabolism
sphinganine formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphinganine, D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphinganine-1-phosphate, the phosphorylated derivative of D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol. [GOC:ai]


neutral lipid synthesis
neutral lipid formation
neutral lipid anabolism
neutral lipid biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of neutral lipids, lipids only soluble in solvents of very low polarity. [GOC:ai]


bile acid anabolism
bile acid formation
bile acid biosynthetic process
bile acid synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile. [GOC:go_curators]


phytosteroid formation
phytosteroid anabolism
phytosteroid synthesis
phytosteroid biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytosteroids, steroids that differ from animal steroids in having substitutions at C24 and/or a double bond at C22. Phytosteroids are so named because they occur in higher plants; some, notably ergosterol, are also found in fungi. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mah, ISBN:0471331309]


brassinosteroid synthesis
brassinosteroid formation
brassinosteroid anabolism
brassinosteroid biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brassinosteroids, any of a group of steroid derivatives that occur at very low concentrations in plant tissues and may have hormone-like effects. [ISBN:0192801023]


sulpholipid biosynthetic process
sulfolipid formation
sulfolipid biosynthesis
sulpholipid biosynthesis
sulfolipid anabolism
sulfolipid synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sulfolipid, a compound containing a sulfonic acid residue joined by a carbon-sulfur bond to a lipid. [PMID:9751667]


macromolecule anabolism
biopolymer biosynthetic process
macromolecule biosynthesis
macromolecule formation
macromolecule synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. [GOC:mah]


The process of coupling alanine to alanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by alanyl-tRNA synthetase. The alanyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetases. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of an alanine accetping tRNA. [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510]


The process of coupling arginine to arginyl-tRNA, catalyzed by arginyl-tRNA synthetase. The arginyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of an alanine accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification. [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510]


The process of coupling asparagine to asparaginyl-tRNA, catalyzed by asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase. The asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of an asparagine-accetping tRNA. [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510]


The process of coupling aspartate to aspartyl-tRNA, catalyzed by aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. The aspartyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of an aspartic acid accetping tRNA. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0716730510]


The process of coupling cysteine to cysteinyl-tRNA, catalyzed by cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase. A cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a cysteine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification. [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510]


The process of coupling glutamine to glutaminyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. The glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a glutamine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification. [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510]


The process of coupling glutamate to glutamyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. The glutamyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a glutamic acid-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification. [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510]


The process of coupling glycine to glycyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glycyl-tRNA synthetase. The glycyll-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of a glycine-accepting tRNA. [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510]


The process of coupling histidine to histidyl-tRNA, catalyzed by histidyl-tRNA synthetase. The histidyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3''-OH group of a histidine-accetping tRNA. [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510]


The process of coupling isoleucine to isoleucyl-tRNA, catalyzed by isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase. The isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a isoleucine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification. [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510]


The process of coupling leucine to leucyl-tRNA, catalyzed by leucyl-tRNA synthetase. The leucyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a leucine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification. [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510]


The process of coupling lysine to lysyl-tRNA, catalyzed by lysyl-tRNA synthetase. The lysyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of a lysine-accetping tRNA. [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510]


The process of coupling methionine to methionyl-tRNA, catalyzed by methionyl-tRNA synthetase. The methionyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a methionine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification. [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510]


The process of coupling phenylalanine to phenylalanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. The phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. However, unlike other class II enzymes, The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a phenylalanine-accepting tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification. [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510]


The process of coupling proline to prolyl-tRNA, catalyzed by prolyl-tRNA synthetase. The prolyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of a methionine-accetping tRNA. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0716730510]


The process of coupling serine to seryl-tRNA, catalyzed by seryl-tRNA synthetase. The seryl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of a serine-accetping tRNA. [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510]


The process of coupling threonine to threonyl-tRNA, catalyzed by threonyl-tRNA synthetase. The threonyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of a threonine-accetping tRNA. [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510]


The process of coupling tryptophan to tryptophanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. The tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a tryptophan-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification. [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510]


The process of coupling tyrosine to tyrosyl-tRNA, catalyzed by tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. The tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a tyrosine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification. [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510]


The process of coupling valine to valyl-tRNA, catalyzed by valyl-tRNA synthetase. The valyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a valine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification. [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0716730510]


pretranslational amino acid modification

pre-translational amino acid modification

The covalent alteration of an amino acid charged on a tRNA before it is incorporated into a protein, as in N-formylmethionine, selenocysteine or pyrrolysine. [GOC:jsg]


conversion of lysyl-tRNA to pyrrolysyl-tRNA

The modification process that results in the conversion of lysine, carried by a specialized lysine-accepting tRNA (possessing a CUA anticodon), to pyrrolysine (a lysine with an amide linkage to a (4R,5R)-4-substituted pyrroline-5-carboxylate). [PMID:12029131, PMID:12029132, PMID:12121639]


conversion of seryl-tRNAsec to selenocys-tRNAsec

The modification process that results in the conversion of serine, carried by a specialized tRNA(ser) (which can read a UGA anticodon), to selenocysteine. [ISBN:155581073X]


CD4 anabolism
CD4 formation
CD4 synthesis
CD4 biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4, a CD marker that occurs on T-helper cells and is involved in MHC class II restricted interactions. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


regulation of CD4 biosynthesis
regulation of CD4 formation
regulation of CD4 synthesis
regulation of CD4 biosynthetic process
regulation of CD4 anabolism

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4. [GOC:go_curators]


down regulation of CD4 biosynthetic process

downregulation of CD4 biosynthetic process

negative regulation of CD4 biosynthetic process

down-regulation of CD4 biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4. [GOC:go_curators]


upregulation of CD4 biosynthetic process

positive regulation of CD4 biosynthetic process

up-regulation of CD4 biosynthetic process

up regulation of CD4 biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4. [GOC:go_curators]


CD95L biosynthetic process
FasL anabolism
fas ligand biosynthetic process
CD95L biosynthesis
FasL formation
FASLG biosynthetic process
Fas-L biosynthetic process
APT1LG1 biosynthetic process
FasL biosynthesis
CD178 biosynthetic process
FasL synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fas ligand (FasL or CD95L), an antigen originally found to be expressed on the cell surface of activated human T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes and a variety of malignant human lymphoid cell lines. [http://www.copewithcytokines.de/]


regulation of FasL anabolism
regulation of FasL formation
regulation of FasL biosynthesis
regulation of FasL synthesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL. [GOC:go_curators]


down regulation of FasL biosynthetic process

negative regulation of FasL biosynthesis

downregulation of FasL biosynthetic process

negative regulation of FasL biosynthetic process

down-regulation of FasL biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL. [GOC:go_curators]


positive regulation of FasL biosynthesis

upregulation of FasL biosynthetic process

up-regulation of FasL biosynthetic process

positive regulation of FasL biosynthetic process

up regulation of FasL biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL. [GOC:go_curators]


glycoprotein trimming involved in glycoprotein maturation

The conversion of N-linked glycan (N = nitrogen) structures from the initially transferred oligosaccharide to a mature form, by the actions of glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. The early processing steps are conserved and play roles in glycoprotein folding and trafficking. [ISBN:0879695595, PMID:12736198]


The generation, in the Golgi apparatus, of side chain diversity from high mannose Man5GlcNAc2-Asn N-glycans by specific glycosyltransferases and glycosidases. [ISBN:0879695595]


N-glycan processing to secreted and cell-surface N-glycans

The modification of high-mannose (Man9-Asn) N-glycans by mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase. This may result in Man8GlcNAc2-Asn N-glycans (which in yeast may be subsequently modified by the addition of further mannose residues) or Man5GlcNAc2-Asn N-glycans that are substrates for further diversification in the Golgi apparatus. [ISBN:0879695595]


N-linked glycan precursor biosynthetic process

dolichol-linked oligosaccharide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichol-linked oligosaccharide, usually by a stepwise addition of glycosyl chains to endoplasmic reticulum membrane-bound dolichol-P. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0471331309]


The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form a core O-glycan structure. [GOC:mah, GOC:pr, PMID:10580130]


The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 1 O-glycan structure, Gal-beta-(1->3)-GalNAc. [GOC:mah, GOC:pr, PMID:10580130]


The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 2 O-glycan structure, GlcNAc-beta-(1->6)[Gal-beta-(1->3)]-GalNAc. [GOC:mah, GOC:pr, PMID:10580130]


The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 3 O-glycan structure, GlcNAc-beta-(1->3)-GalNAc. [GOC:mah, GOC:pr, PMID:10580130]


The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 4 O-glycan structure, GlcNAc-beta-(1->6)[GalNAc-beta-(1->3)]-GalNAc. [GOC:mah, GOC:pr, PMID:10580130]


protein amino acid phosphate-linked glycosylation

The glycosylation of peptidyl-amino acids through a phosphoester bond forming, for example, GlcNAc-alpha-1-P-Ser residues. [PMID:7499424]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of O3-(N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine. The recovery of O-phosphorylserine from acid hydrolysates suggests N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate residues are esterified to peptidyl serines through phosphoester bonds. [RESID:AA0296]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of O3-(phosphoglycosyl-D-mannose-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine. The polypeptide backbones of glycoproteins and mucin-like proteoglycans are extensively modified with a complex array of phosphoglycan chains that are linked to Ser/Thr-rich domains via a common Man-alpha1-PO4-Ser linkage. [RESID:AA0297]


The modification of a protein by amino acid glucuronylation, the addition of a glucuronate group, the uronic acid derived from glucose. [GOC:ai, GOC:pr]


N-terminal protein amino acid glucuronylation

The glucuronylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins. [GOC:ai]


The glucuronylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative D-glucuronyl-N-glycine. [RESID:AA0058]


hemoglobin anabolism
hemoglobin biosynthesis
hemoglobin synthesis
haemoglobin biosynthetic process
hemoglobin formation
haemoglobin biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin. [GOC:jl]


lipoprotein synthesis
lipoprotein biosynthesis
lipoprotein formation
lipoprotein anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids. [ISBN:0198506732]


protein amino acid lipidation
lipid:protein modification

The covalent attachment of lipid groups to an amino acid in a protein. [GOC:jl]


The covalent attachment of a lipid group to the carboxy-terminus of a protein. [GOC:jl]


The covalent attachment of a lipid group to the amino terminus of a protein. [GOC:jl]


The covalent attachment of a myristoyl group to a protein. [GOC:ai]


The covalent attachment of a myristoyl group to the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein. [GOC:mah]


The myristoylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-myristoyl-glycine. [RESID:AA0059]


The myristoylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-myristoyl-L-lysine. [RESID:AA0078]


peptidyl-S-myristoyl-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine

peptidyl-S-myristoyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

peptidyl-S-myristoyl-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine

peptidyl-S-myristoyl-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-myristoyl-L-cysteine. [RESID:AA0307]


The covalent attachment of a palmitoleyl group to a protein. [GOC:ai]


peptidyl-S-palmitoleyl-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine

peptidyl-S-palmitoleyl-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine

peptidyl-S-palmitoleyl-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine

peptidyl-S-palmitoleyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-palmitoleyl-L-cysteine specifically. [RESID:AA0308]


The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a protein. [GOC:jl, PMID:15520806]


The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein. [GOC:mah]


The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a nitrogen (N) atom in an N-terminal cysteine residue to form N-palmitoyl-L-cysteine. [RESID:AA0060]


peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine

peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine

peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine

The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a sulfur (S) atom within a cysteine residue to form peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine. [RESID:AA0106]


The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to an oxygen (O) atom in a serine residue to form peptidyl-O-palmitoyl-L-serine. [RESID:AA0080]


The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to an oxygen (O) atom in a threonine residue to form peptidyl-O-palmitoyl-L-threonine. [RESID:AA0079]


peptidyl-S-12-hydroxyfarnesyl-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine

peptidyl-S-12-hydroxyfarnesyl-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine

peptidyl-S-12-hydroxyfarnesyl-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine

peptidyl-S-12-hydroxyfarnesyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form S-12-hydroxyfarnesyl-L-cysteine; formation of S-farnesycysteine may be coupled with subsequent cleavage of a carboxy-terminal tripeptide for the CXXX motif and methyl esterification of the farnesylated cysteine. [RESID:AA0103]


peptidyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine

peptidyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine

peptidyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine

peptidyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine; formation of S-farnesycysteine may be coupled with subsequent cleavage of a carboxy-terminal tripeptide for the CXXX motif and methyl esterification of the farnesylated cysteine; the residue may be found at the first position in the sequence motif C-X-X-(SAQCMT)* where the second and third positions are usually aliphatic. [RESID:AA0102]


peptidyl-S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine

peptidyl-S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine

peptidyl-S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine

peptidyl-S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-geranylgeranylcysteine; formation of S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine may be coupled with subsequent cleavage of a carboxy-terminal tripeptide for the CAAX motif and methyl esterification of the geranylgeranylated cysteine; methyl esterification but not cleavage occurs for the CXC motif. For the type II geranylgeranyltransferase the residue may be found at the first and final positions in the sequence motif C-X-C* or at the final position in the sequence motif C-C*. These motifs are necessary but not sufficient for modification. [RESID:AA0104]


mannoprotein biosynthesis
mannoprotein formation
mannoprotein anabolism
mannoprotein synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a mannoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues. [ISBN:0198506732]


major histocompatibility complex class I biosynthetic process

major histocompatibility complex class I biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of major histocompatibility protein class I. [GOC:go_curators]


regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I biosynthetic process

regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I biosynthesis

regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I. [GOC:go_curators]


down-regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process

down regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process

downregulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process

negative regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I biosynthetic process

negative regulation of MHC class I biosynthesis

negative regulation of MHC class I anabolism

negative regulation of MHC class I synthesis

negative regulation of MHC class I formation

negative regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I biosynthesis

negative regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I. [GOC:go_curators]


up regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process

positive regulation of MHC class I synthesis

positive regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I biosynthetic process

up-regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process

positive regulation of MHC class I biosynthesis

positive regulation of MHC class I anabolism

upregulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process

positive regulation of MHC class I formation

positive regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I biosynthesis

positive regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I. [GOC:go_curators]


major histocompatibility complex class II biosynthetic process

major histocompatibility complex class II biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of major histocompatibility protein class II. [GOC:go_curators]


regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II biosynthetic process

regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II biosynthesis

regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II. [GOC:go_curators]


down-regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process

negative regulation of MHC class II synthesis

negative regulation of MHC class II anabolism

negative regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II biosynthetic process

negative regulation of MHC class II biosynthesis

downregulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process

negative regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II biosynthesis

negative regulation of MHC class II formation

down regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process

negative regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II. [GOC:go_curators]


positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthesis

positive regulation of MHC class II formation

positive regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II biosynthetic process

up-regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process

positive regulation of MHC class II synthesis

up regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process

upregulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process

positive regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II biosynthesis

positive regulation of MHC class II anabolism

positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II. [GOC:go_curators]


nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process

The biosynthetic process in which peptide bond formation occurs in the absence of the translational machinery. Examples include the synthesis of antibiotic peptides, and glutathione. [ISBN:0198506732]

non-ribosomal peptide biosynthetic process


regulation of protein anabolism
regulation of protein biosynthesis
regulation of protein formation
regulation of protein synthesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA. [GOC:isa_complete]


negative regulation of protein biosynthetic process

negative regulation of protein synthesis

down-regulation of protein biosynthetic process

downregulation of protein biosynthetic process

negative regulation of protein anabolism

down regulation of protein biosynthetic process

negative regulation of protein formation

negative regulation of protein biosynthesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA. [GOC:isa_complete]


positive regulation of protein synthesis

upregulation of protein biosynthetic process

up regulation of protein biosynthetic process

positive regulation of protein formation

positive regulation of protein anabolism

positive regulation of protein biosynthetic process

positive regulation of protein biosynthesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]

up-regulation of protein biosynthetic process


down-regulation of oskar mRNA translation

down regulation of oskar mRNA translation

downregulation of oskar mRNA translation

negative regulation of oskar mRNA translation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate that oskar mRNAs are effectively translated into protein. [GOC:ems]


down-regulation of translational elongation

down regulation of translational elongation

downregulation of translational elongation

negative regulation of translational elongation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational elongation. [GOC:go_curators]


down-regulation of translational fidelity

down regulation of translational fidelity

downregulation of translational fidelity

negative regulation of translational fidelity

Any process that decreases the ability of the translational apparatus to interpret the genetic code. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


down regulation of translational initiation

downregulation of translational initiation

down-regulation of translational initiation

negative regulation of translational initiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation. [GOC:go_curators]


down-regulation of translational initiation by iron

down regulation of translational initiation by iron

downregulation of translational initiation by iron

negative regulation of translational initiation by iron

Any process involving iron that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translational initiation. [GOC:go_curators]


down regulation of translational termination

down-regulation of translational termination

downregulation of translational termination

negative regulation of translational termination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination. [GOC:go_curators]


up regulation of oskar mRNA translation
up-regulation of oskar mRNA translation
upregulation of oskar mRNA translation

positive regulation of oskar mRNA translation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oskar mRNA translation. [GOC:go_curators]


up-regulation of translational elongation

up regulation of translational elongation

upregulation of translational elongation

positive regulation of translational elongation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational elongation. [GOC:go_curators]


upregulation of translational fidelity
up-regulation of translational fidelity
up regulation of translational fidelity

positive regulation of translational fidelity

Any process that increases the ability of the translational apparatus to interpret the genetic code. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


up regulation of translational initiation

up-regulation of translational initiation

upregulation of translational initiation

positive regulation of translational initiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation. [GOC:go_curators]


up-regulation of translational initiation by iron

upregulation of translational initiation by iron

up regulation of translational initiation by iron

positive regulation of translational initiation by iron

Any process involving iron that activates or increases the rate of translational initiation. [GOC:go_curators]


up regulation of translational termination

up-regulation of translational termination

upregulation of translational termination

positive regulation of translational termination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination. [GOC:go_curators]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oskar mRNA translation. To ensure the localization of Oskar protein at the posterior pole of the oocyte, translation of oskar mRNA is repressed during its transport to the posterior pole and activated upon localization of the mRNA at the posterior cortex. [GOC:go_curators, PMID:12538512]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or accuracy of translational elongation. [GOC:go_curators]


Any process that modulates the ability of the translational apparatus to interpret the genetic code. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation. [GOC:go_curators]


regulation of translational initiation by iron

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the translation of certain mRNAs involved in iron metabolism; regulated by the concentration of iron. [GOC:jl]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination. [GOC:go_curators]


Translational attenuation is a regulatory mechanism analogous to ribosome-mediated transcriptional attenuation. The system requires the presence of a short ORF, called a leader peptide, encoded in the mRNA upstream of the ribosome-binding site and start codon of the gene whose translation is to be regulated. Certain conditions, such as presence of the antibiotic tetracycline in bacteria or amino acid starvation, may cause slowing or stalling of the ribosome translating the leader peptide. The stalled ribosome masks a region of the mRNA and affects which of two alternative mRNA folded structures will form, therefore controlling whether or not a ribosome will bind and initiate translation of the downstream gene. Translational attenuation is analogous to ribosome-mediated transcriptional attenuation, in which mRNA remodeling caused by ribosome stalling regulates transcriptional termination rather than translational initiation. [PMID:15694341, PMID:15805513]


monomethylamine methyltransferase cofactor lysine adduct incorporation

lysine methylamine methyltransferase cofactor adduct incorporation

The incorporation of pyrrolysine, also known as lysine methylamine methyltransferase cofactor adduct, into a peptide; uses a special tRNA that recognizes the UAG codon as a modified lysine, rather than as a termination codon. Pyrrolysine may be synthesized as a free amino acid or synthesized from a lysine charged tRNA before its incorporation; it is not a posttranslational modification of peptidyl-lysine; this modification is found in several Methanosarcina methylamine methyltransferases. [PMID:11435424, PMID:17204561, RESID:AA0321]


The incorporation of selenocysteine into a peptide; uses a special tRNA that recognizes the UGA codon as selenocysteine, rather than as a termination codon. Selenocysteine is synthesized from serine before its incorporation; it is not a posttranslational modification of peptidyl-cysteine. [RESID:AA0022]


The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis. [GOC:ems]


formation of translation initiation complex


translation initiation ternary complex assembly

formation of translation initiation ternary complex

Formation of a complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator). [GOC:hjd]


formation of translation pre-initiation complex

translation preinitiation complex assembly

formation of translation preinitiation complex

The joining of the small ribosomal subunit, ternary complex, and mRNA. [GOC:hjd]


translational complex disassembly
translation termination

The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome, usually in response to a termination codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA in the universal genetic code). [GOC:hjd, ISBN:019879276X]


viral protein biosynthesis
viral protein biosynthetic process
viral protein formation
viral protein synthesis
viral protein anabolism

A process by which viral mRNA is translated into viral protein, using the host cellular machinery. [GOC:bf, GOC:jl, ISBN:0781702534]


nitric oxide synthesis
nitric oxide anabolism
nitric oxide biosynthesis
nitric oxide formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water. [GOC:ai]


regulation of nitric oxide synthesis
regulation of nitric oxide anabolism
regulation of nitric oxide formation
regulation of nitric oxide biosynthesis

regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide. [GOC:go_curators]


negative regulation of nitric oxide anabolism

negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthesis

downregulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process

negative regulation of nitric oxide formation

negative regulation of nitric oxide synthesis

down-regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process

down regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process

negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide. [GOC:go_curators]


positive regulation of nitric oxide formation

up-regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process

upregulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process

up regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process

positive regulation of nitric oxide anabolism

positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthesis

positive regulation of nitric oxide synthesis

positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide. [GOC:go_curators]


nucleoside anabolism
nucleoside synthesis
nucleoside formation
nucleoside biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside). [GOC:jl, ISBN:0140512713]


purine nucleoside formation
purine nucleoside anabolism
purine nucleoside biosynthesis
purine nucleoside synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any purine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside). [GOC:go_curators]


purine ribonucleoside formation
purine ribonucleoside synthesis
purine ribonucleoside anabolism
purine ribonucleoside biosynthesis

purine ribonucleoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any purine ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule. [GOC:ai]


adenosine anabolism
adenosine synthesis
adenosine biosynthesis
adenosine formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes. [GOC:go_curators]


bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate, a compound formed of two nucleosides joined together through their 5' carbons by a chain of phosphate molecules. [GOC:mah, PMID:10970777]


diadenosine polyphosphate biosynthesis
diadenosine polyphosphate anabolism
diadenosine polyphosphate synthesis
diadenosine polyphosphate formation

diadenosine polyphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diadenosine polyphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with phosphate groups attached. [GOC:ai]


diadenosine tetraphosphate formation
diadenosine tetraphosphate anabolism
diadenosine tetraphosphate biosynthesis
diadenosine tetraphosphate synthesis

diadenosine tetraphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diadenosine tetraphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with four phosphate groups attached. [GOC:ai]


diadenosine triphosphate synthesis
diadenosine triphosphate formation
diadenosine triphosphate biosynthesis
diadenosine triphosphate anabolism

diadenosine triphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diadenosine triphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with three phosphate groups attached. [GOC:ai]


guanosine synthesis
guanosine anabolism
guanosine biosynthesis
guanosine formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanine, guanine riboside, a nucleoside with a wide species distribution. [GOC:go_curators]


7-methylguanosine formation
7-methylguanosine biosynthesis
7-methylguanosine anabolism
7-methylguanosine synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 7-methylguanosine, a modified nucleoside that forms a cap at the 5'-terminus of eukaryotic mRNA. [ISBN:0198506732]


queuosine anabolism
queuosine formation
queuosine biosynthesis
queuosine synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of queuosines, a series of nucleosides found in tRNA and having an additional pentenyl ring added via an NH group to the methyl group of 7-methylguanosine. The pentenyl ring may carry other substituents. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


guanosine pentaphosphate (5'-pppGpp-3') biosynthesis

guanosine pentaphosphate (5'-pppGpp-3') biosynthetic process

guanosine pentaphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanine pentaphosphate (5'-pppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with five phosphates. [GOC:ai]


guanosine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3') biosynthetic process

guanosine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3') biosynthesis

guanosine tetraphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with four phosphates. [GOC:ai]


pyrimidine nucleoside anabolism
pyrimidine nucleoside formation
pyrimidine nucleoside biosynthesis
pyrimidine nucleoside synthesis

pyrimidine nucleoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside). [GOC:ai]


pyrimidine ribonucleoside formation
pyrimidine ribonucleoside synthesis
pyrimidine ribonucleoside biosynthesis
pyrimidine ribonucleoside anabolism

pyrimidine ribonucleoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which a pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule. [GOC:ai]


cytidine formation
cytidine biosynthesis
cytidine anabolism
cytidine synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytidine, cytosine riboside, a widely distributed nucleoside. [GOC:go_curators]


inosine formation
inosine biosynthesis
inosine synthesis
inosine anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inosine, hypoxanthine riboside, a nucleoside found free but not in combination in nucleic acids except in the anticodons of some tRNAs. [GOC:go_curators]


uridine biosynthesis
uridine formation
uridine synthesis
uridine anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of uridine, uracil riboside, a ribonucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids. [GOC:go_curators]


nucleotide biosynthesis
nucleotide synthesis
nucleotide formation
nucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates). [GOC:go_curators]


cyclic nucleotide anabolism
cyclic nucleotide formation
cyclic nucleotide synthesis
cyclic nucleotide biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate). [ISBN:0198506732]


cGMP synthesis
cGMP anabolism
cGMP biosynthesis
cGMP formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-phosphate. [ISBN:0198506732]


deoxyribonucleotide anabolism
deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis
deoxyribonucleotide synthesis
deoxyribonucleotide formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


2'-deoxyribonucleotide anabolism
2'-deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis
2'-deoxyribonucleotide synthesis
2'-deoxyribonucleotide formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a 2'-deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a 2'-deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. [GOC:mah]


deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate synthesis

purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthesis

purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate anabolism

purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate formation

purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


dADP formation
dADP biosynthesis
dADP anabolism
dADP synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dADP, deoxyadenosine diphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate). [ISBN:0198506732]


dGDP synthesis
dGDP anabolism
dGDP formation
dGDP biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate, (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate). [ISBN:0198506732]


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate formation

pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthesis

pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate synthesis

pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate anabolism

pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


dCDP biosynthesis
dCDP synthesis
dCDP formation
dCDP anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dCDP, deoxycytidine 5'-diphosphate. [ISBN:0198506732]


dTDP synthesis
dTDP anabolism
dTDP formation
dTDP biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTDP, deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine5'-diphosphate). [ISBN:0198506732]


dUDP biosynthesis
dUDP synthesis
dUDP formation
dUDP anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dUDP, deoxyuridine diphosphate (2'-deoxy-5'-uridylyl phosphate). [ISBN:0198506732]


deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis

purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate anabolism

purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate formation

purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate synthesis

purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


dAMP anabolism
dAMP biosynthesis
dAMP formation
dAMP synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dAMP, deoxyadenosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate). [ISBN:0198506732]


dGMP biosynthesis
dGMP anabolism
dGMP synthesis
dGMP formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGMP, deoxyguanosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate). [ISBN:0198506732]


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate synthesis

pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis

pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate anabolism

pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate formation

pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine deoxynucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


dCMP anabolism
dCMP formation
dCMP synthesis
dCMP biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dCMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate. [GOC:go_curators]


Any process that generates dCMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis. [GOC:jl]


dTMP biosynthesis
dTMP anabolism
dTMP formation
dTMP synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine 5'-phosphate). [ISBN:0198506732]


dUMP formation
dUMP synthesis
dUMP anabolism
dUMP biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dUMP, deoxyuridine monophosphate (2'-deoxyuridine 5'-phosphate). [ISBN:0198506732]


deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate anabolism

purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate formation

purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate synthesis

purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthesis

purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


The process of introducing a phosphate group into dADP, deoxyadenosine diphosphate, to produce dATP. [ISBN:0198506732]


dATP synthesis
dATP biosynthesis
dATP anabolism
dATP formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate). [ISBN:0198506732]


dATP formation from ADP
dATP synthesis from ADP
dATP anabolism from ADP

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate) from other compounds, including ADP, adenosine diphosphate. [ISBN:0198506732]


The process of introducing a phosphate group into dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate, to produce dGTP. [ISBN:0198506732]


dGTP formation
dGTP synthesis
dGTP biosynthesis
dGTP anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGTP, guanosine triphosphate. [GOC:go_curators]


dGTP anabolism from dGDP
dGTP synthesis from dGDP
dGTP formation from dGDP

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGTP, deoxyguanosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate) from other compounds, including gGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate. [ISBN:0198506732]


The process of introducing a phosphate group into dIDP, deoxyinosine diphosphate, to produce dITP. [ISBN:0198506732]


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate synthesis

pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthesis

pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate anabolism

pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate formation

pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


dCTP formation
dCTP synthesis
dCTP biosynthesis
dCTP anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dCTP, deoxycytidine triphosphate. [ISBN:0198506732]


dTTP anabolism
dTTP formation
dTTP biosynthesis
dTTP synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTTP, deoxyribosylthymine triphosphate. [ISBN:0198506732]


dUTP biosynthesis
dUTP synthesis
dUTP anabolism
dUTP formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dUTP, deoxyuridine (5'-)triphosphate. [ISBN:0198506732]


purine deoxyribonucleotide formation
purine deoxyribonucleotide synthesis
purine deoxyribonucleotide anabolism
purine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis

purine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


nucleoside diphosphate anabolism
nucleoside diphosphate synthesis
nucleoside diphosphate formation
nucleoside diphosphate biosynthesis

nucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


purine nucleoside diphosphate biosynthesis

purine nucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


purine ribonucleoside diphosphate formation

purine ribonucleoside diphosphate anabolism

purine ribonucleoside diphosphate synthesis

purine ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthesis

purine ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


ADP synthesis
ADP anabolism
ADP biosynthesis
ADP formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate. [GOC:ai]


GDP anabolism
GDP synthesis
GDP biosynthesis
GDP formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP, guanosine 5'-diphosphate. [GOC:ai]


IDP biosynthetic process
IDP anabolism
IDP biosynthesis
IDP formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IDP, inosine 5'-diphosphate. [GOC:ai]


pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate biosynthesis

pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate synthesis

pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate formation

pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate anabolism

pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthesis

pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate anabolism

pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate synthesis

pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate formation

pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


CDP anabolism
CDP biosynthesis
CDP synthesis
CDP formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CDP, cytidine (5'-)diphosphate. [GOC:ai]


TDP synthesis
TDP biosynthesis
TDP anabolism
TDP formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TDP, ribosylthymine diphosphate. [ISBN:0198506732]


UDP synthesis
UDP biosynthesis
UDP formation
UDP anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP, uridine (5'-)diphosphate. [ISBN:0198506732]


ribonucleoside diphosphate formation
ribonucleoside diphosphate anabolism
ribonucleoside diphosphate synthesis
ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthesis

ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


nucleoside monophosphate formation
nucleoside monophosphate synthesis
nucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis
nucleoside monophosphate anabolism

nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


purine nucleoside monophosphate anabolism

purine nucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis

purine nucleoside monophosphate formation

purine nucleoside monophosphate synthesis

purine nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis

purine ribonucleoside monophosphate formation

purine ribonucleoside monophosphate synthesis

purine ribonucleoside monophosphate anabolism

purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


AMP anabolism
AMP formation
AMP synthesis
AMP biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of AMP, adenosine monophosphate. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


Any process that generates adenine, 6-aminopurine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis. [GOC:jl]


Any process that generates adenosine, adenine riboside, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis. [GOC:jl]


GMP formation
GMP anabolism
GMP synthesis
GMP biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GMP, guanosine monophosphate. [ISBN:0198506732]


Any process that generates deoxyguanosine from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis. [GOC:jl]


Any process that generates guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis. [GOC:jl]


Any process that generates guanosine, guanine riboside, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis. [GOC:jl]


IMP anabolism
IMP formation
IMP biosynthesis
IMP synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IMP, inosine monophosphate. [ISBN:0198506732]


'de novo' IMP formation
'de novo' IMP anabolism
'de novo' IMP biosynthesis
'de novo' IMP synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IMP, inosine monophosphate, by the stepwise assembly of a purine ring on ribose 5-phosphate. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0716720094]


Any process that generates deoxyinosine from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis. [GOC:jl]


Any process that generates inosine, hypoxanthine riboside, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis. [GOC:jl]


pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis

pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate anabolism

pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate formation

pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate synthesis

pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate formation

pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate anabolism

pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis

pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate synthesis

pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


CMP anabolism
CMP formation
CMP synthesis
CMP biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CMP, cytidine monophosphate. [ISBN:0198506732]


Any process that generates CMP, cytidine monophosphate, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis. [GOC:jl]


TMP formation
TMP biosynthesis
TMP synthesis
TMP anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TMP, ribosylthymine monophosphate. [ISBN:0198506732]


UMP biosynthesis
UMP anabolism
UMP synthesis
UMP formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UMP, uridine monophosphate. [ISBN:0198506732]


Any process that generates uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis. [GOC:jl]


ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


nucleoside triphosphate anabolism
nucleoside triphosphate formation
nucleoside triphosphate synthesis
nucleoside triphosphate biosynthesis

nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


purine nucleoside triphosphate anabolism

purine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthesis

purine nucleoside triphosphate formation

purine nucleoside triphosphate synthesis

purine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


purine ribonucleoside triphosphate formation

purine ribonucleoside triphosphate anabolism

purine ribonucleoside triphosphate synthesis

purine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthesis

purine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


GTP synthesis
GTP formation
GTP biosynthesis
GTP anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GTP, guanosine triphosphate. [ISBN:0198506732]


The process of introducing a phosphate group into IDP, inosine (5'-)diphosphate, to produce ITP. [GOC:ai]


ITP biosynthesis
ITP formation
ITP synthesis
ITP anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ITP, inosine triphosphate. [GOC:go_curators]


pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthesis

pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate anabolism

pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate formation

pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate synthesis

pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate formation

pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthesis

pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate anabolism

pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate synthesis

pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


CTP anabolism
CTP synthesis
CTP biosynthesis
CTP formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CTP, cytidine 5'-triphosphate. [ISBN:0198506732]


TTP biosynthesis
TTP synthesis
TTP formation
TTP anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TTP, ribosylthymine triphosphate. [ISBN:0198506732]


UTP formation
UTP anabolism
UTP synthesis
UTP biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UTP, uridine (5'-)triphosphate. [ISBN:0198506732]


purine nucleotide formation
purine nucleotide anabolism
purine nucleotide synthesis
purine nucleotide biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


purine ribonucleotide anabolism
purine ribonucleotide formation
purine ribonucleotide synthesis
purine ribonucleotide biosynthesis

purine ribonucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


pyrimidine nucleotide anabolism
pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis
pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis
pyrimidine nucleotide formation

pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis
pyrimidine ribonucleotide synthesis
pyrimidine ribonucleotide formation
pyrimidine ribonucleotide anabolism

pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


Any process that generates cytidine, cytosine riboside, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis. [GOC:jl]


Any process that generates deoxycytidine, 2-deoxyribosylcytosine, from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis. [GOC:jl]


ribonucleotide biosynthesis
ribonucleotide synthesis
ribonucleotide formation
ribonucleotide anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


nucleotide-sugar anabolism
nucleotide-sugar formation
nucleotide-sugar synthesis
nucleotide-sugar biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide-carbohydrate in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative. [ISBN:0198506732]


cyanate formation
cyanate anabolism
cyanate biosynthesis
cyanate synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid. [GOC:ai]


cyanide biosynthesis
cyanide synthesis
cyanide anabolism
cyanide formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanide, NC-, the anion of hydrocyanic acid. Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of respiration. [GOC:ai]


formic acid biosynthetic process
formic acid biosynthesis
formate synthesis
formate anabolism
formate formation
formate biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of formate, also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid. [ISBN:0198506732]


methane biosynthesis
methane biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4. It is the simplest of the alkanes. [GOC:ai]


methane biosynthetic process from acetate

The formation of methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4, from other components, including acetate. [GOC:ai]


methane biosynthetic process from carbon dioxide

methane biosynthesis from carbon dioxide

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4, from other compounds, including carbon dioxide (CO2). [GOC:ai]


methane biosynthetic process from methanol

The formation of methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4, from other components, including methanol. [GOC:ai]


organic acid synthesis
organic acid biosynthesis
organic acid formation
organic acid anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. [ISBN:0198506732]


carboxylic acid synthesis
carboxylic acid formation
carboxylic acid anabolism
carboxylic acid biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups. [ISBN:0198506732]


acetate biosynthesis
acetate anabolism
acetate synthesis
acetate formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetate, the anion of acetic acid. [GOC:go_curators]


acetate formation from carbon monoxide
carbon monoxide dehydrogenase pathway
acetate anabolism from carbon monoxide
acetate synthesis from carbon monoxide

acetate biosynthetic process from carbon monoxide

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetate from other compounds, including carbon monoxide. [GOC:go_curators]


polyketide biosynthesis
polyketide anabolism
polyketide synthesis
polyketide formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyketides, any of a diverse group of natural products synthesized via linear poly-beta-ketones, which are themselves formed by repetitive head-to-tail addition of acetyl (or substituted acetyl) units indirectly derived from acetate (or a substituted acetate) by a mechanism similar to that for fatty acid biosynthesis but without the intermediate reductive steps. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


acetyl-CoA anabolism
acetyl-CoA biosynthesis
acetyl-CoA formation
acetyl-CoA synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated. [GOC:go_curators]


pyruvate dehydrogenase pathway
acetyl-CoA formation from pyruvate
acetyl-CoA anabolism from pyruvate
acetyl-CoA synthesis from pyruvate

acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]


Ljungdahl-Wood pathway
reductive acetyl CoA pathway

A pathway of carbon dioxide fixation in which one molecule of acetyl-CoA is completely synthesized from two molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2). [PMID:11607093]


aldaric acid synthesis
aldaric acid anabolism
aldaric acid biosynthesis
aldaric acid formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldaric acid, any dicarboxylic acid formed by oxidation of by the terminal groups of an aldose to carboxyl group. [ISBN:0198506732]


galactarate formation
galactarate anabolism
galactarate biosynthesis
galactarate synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactarate, the anion of galactaric acid. [GOC:pr, ISBN:0198506732]


glucarate anabolism
glucarate formation
glucarate synthesis
glucarate biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucarate, the anion of glucaric acid. [ISBN:0198506732]


butanoic acid formation
butanoic acid biosynthesis
butanoic acid synthesis
butyrate biosynthesis
butyrate anabolism
butanoic acid biosynthetic process
butanoic acid anabolism
butyrate formation
butyrate synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of butyrate, the anion of butyric acid. [ISBN:0198506732]


2-oxobutyrate formation
alpha-ketobutyrate biosynthetic process
2-oxobutyrate synthesis
2-oxobutyrate anabolism
2-oxobutyrate biosynthesis
alpha-ketobutyrate biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-oxobutyrate, the anion of the organic acid 2-oxobutyric acid, which contains a ketone group on carbon 2. [ISBN:0198506732]


glucuronate anabolism
glucuronate synthesis
glucuronate formation
glucuronate biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucuronate, the anion of glucuronic acid. [GOC:ai]


UDP-glucuronate biosynthesis
UDP-glucuronate synthesis
UDP-glucuronate formation
UDP-glucuronate anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-glucuronate, a substance composed of glucuronic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate. [GOC:ai]


lactate anabolism
lactate synthesis
lactate biosynthesis
lactate formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactate, the anion of lactic acid. [GOC:go_curators]


lactate formation from pyruvate
lactate synthesis from pyruvate
lactate anabolism from pyruvate
pyruvate fermentation to lactate

lactate biosynthetic process from pyruvate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactate from other compounds, including pyruvate. [GOC:go_curators]


D(-)-lactate synthesis from pyruvate
D(-)-lactate formation from pyruvate
D(-)-lactate anabolism from pyruvate

D(-)-lactate biosynthetic process from pyruvate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D(-)-lactate from other compounds, including pyruvate. [GOC:go_curators]


S-lactate biosynthetic process from pyruvate

L(+)-lactate biosynthetic process from pyruvate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L(+)-lactate from other compounds, including pyruvate. [GOC:go_curators]


propionate anabolism
propionate formation
propionate synthesis
propionate biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of propionate, the anion derived from propionic acid. [GOC:go_curators]


organomercury anabolism
organomercury formation
organomercury biosynthesis
organomercury synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organomercury compounds, any organic compound containing a mercury atom. [GOC:ai]


methylmercury formation
methylmercury biosynthesis
methylmercury anabolism
methylmercury synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methylmercury (MeHg+), a highly toxic organometal. [GOC:ai]


pigment synthesis
pigment formation
pigment biosynthesis
pigment anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin. [ISBN:0198506732]


eye pigment synthesis
eye pigment anabolism
eye pigment formation
eye pigment biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of eye pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the eye. [GOC:ai]


rhodopsin synthesis
rhodopsin biosynthesis
rhodopsin anabolism
rhodopsin formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhodopsin, a brilliant purplish-red, light-sensitive visual pigment found in the rod cells of the retinas. [ISBN:0198506732]


melanin biosynthesis
melanin anabolism
melanin synthesis
melanin formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanins, pigments largely of animal origin. High molecular weight polymers of indole quinone, they are irregular polymeric structures and are divided into three groups: allomelanins in the plant kingdom and eumelanins and phaeomelanins in the animal kingdom. [GOC:curators]


ocellus pigment biosynthesis
ocellus pigment formation
ocellus pigment synthesis
ocellus pigment anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ocellus pigments, general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the ocellus, a minute simple eye found in many invertebrates. [GOC:ai, PMID:15176085, PMID:18421706]


polyphosphate biosynthesis
polyphosphate anabolism
polyphosphate synthesis
polyphosphate formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polyphosphate, the anion or salt of polyphosphoric acid. [ISBN:0198506732]


regulation of formation
regulation of synthesis
regulation of biosynthesis
regulation of anabolism

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. [GOC:go_curators]


downregulation of biosynthetic process
negative regulation of synthesis
down-regulation of biosynthetic process
negative regulation of biosynthesis
negative regulation of anabolism
negative regulation of formation
down regulation of biosynthetic process

negative regulation of biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. [GOC:go_curators]


positive regulation of synthesis
positive regulation of biosynthesis
positive regulation of anabolism
up-regulation of biosynthetic process
up regulation of biosynthetic process
positive regulation of formation
upregulation of biosynthetic process

positive regulation of biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. [GOC:go_curators]


ribonucleoside anabolism
ribonucleoside synthesis
ribonucleoside biosynthesis
ribonucleoside formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule. [GOC:jl]


terpene biosynthesis
terpene synthesis
terpene formation
terpene anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenes, any of a large group of hydrocarbons made up of isoprene units. [GOC:ai]


alpha-pinene formation
alpha-pinene biosynthesis
alpha-pinene synthesis
alpha-pinene anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alpha-pinene, a monoterpene that may be a significant factor affecting bacterial activities in nature. [GOC:ai]


limonene anabolism
limonene biosynthesis
limonene formation
limonene synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of limonene (4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene), a monocyclic monoterpene. [GOC:ai]


fat-soluble vitamin formation
fat-soluble vitamin anabolism
fat-soluble vitamin synthesis
fat-soluble vitamin biosynthesis

fat-soluble vitamin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in organic solvents and relatively insoluble in water. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


calciferol biosynthesis
vitamin D synthesis
vitamin D formation
vitamin D biosynthesis
vitamin D anabolism
calciferol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3). [GOC:mah, ISBN:0471331309]


water-soluble vitamin biosynthesis
water-soluble vitamin anabolism
water-soluble vitamin synthesis
water-soluble vitamin formation

water-soluble vitamin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in water. [GOC:jl]


vitamin H biosynthesis
vitamin H biosynthetic process
biotin biosynthesis
biotin anabolism
biotin synthesis
vitamin B7 biosynthetic process
vitamin B7 biosynthesis
biotin formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of biotin, cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid. [ISBN:0198506732]


vitamin C biosynthetic process
L-ascorbic acid synthesis
L-ascorbic acid formation
ascorbate biosynthesis
vitamin C biosynthesis
L-ascorbic acid anabolism
L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis
ascorbate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-ascorbic acid; L-ascorbic acid ionizes to give L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, which is required as a cofactor in the oxidation of prolyl residues to hydroxyprolyl, and other reactions. [GOC:ma, ISBN:0198547684]


thiamin anabolism
thiamine synthesis
thiamine formation
vitamin B1 biosynthetic process
thiamine biosynthesis
vitamin B1 biosynthesis
thiamin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


vitamin B2 biosynthesis
riboflavin synthesis
riboflavin formation
vitamin G biosynthetic process
riboflavin anabolism
riboflavin biosynthesis
vitamin G biosynthesis
vitamin B2 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of riboflavin (vitamin B2), the precursor for the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). [GOC:jl, http://www.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/vitamins.html]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldonic acid, a monocarboxylic acid with a chain of three or more carbon atoms, derived from an aldose by oxidation of the aldehydic group. [ISBN:0198506732]


aldonic acid catabolism
aldonic acid degradation
aldonic acid breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aldonic acid, a monocarboxylic acid with a chain of three or more carbon atoms, derived from an aldose by oxidation of the aldehydic group. [ISBN:0198506732]


D-gluconate breakdown
D-gluconate degradation
D-gluconate catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-gluconate, the anion of D-gluconic acid, the aldonic acid derived from glucose. [ISBN:0198506732]


ketogluconate catabolism
ketogluconate breakdown
ketogluconate degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ketogluconate, the anion of ketogluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose containing a ketonic carbonyl group. [ISBN:0198506732]


L-idonate degradation
L-idonate breakdown
L-idonate catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-idonate, the anion of idonic acid, an aldonic acid derived from L-idose, an aldohexose which is epimeric with D-glucose. [GOC:curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-gluconate, the anion of D-gluconic acid, the aldonic acid derived from glucose. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketogluconate, the anion of ketogluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose containing a ketonic carbonyl group. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-idonate, the anion of idonic acid, an aldonic acid derived from L-idose, an aldohexose which is epimeric with D-glucose. [GOC:ai]


catabolic carbohydrate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. [ISBN:0198506732]


disaccharide degradation
disaccharide catabolism
disaccharide breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of disaccharides, sugars composed of two monosaccharide units. [GOC:ai]