establishment or maintenance of apical/basal cell polarity

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance polarization of a cell's architecture along its apical/basal axis so that the apical and basal regions of the cell have different membrane, extracellular matrix and sub-membrane cellular components. [GOC:bf, GOC:mah, PMID:10934483]


establishment of apical/basal cell polarity

The specification and formation of the polarity of a cell along its apical/basal axis. [GOC:bf]


maintenance of apical/basal cell polarity

Retaining the established polarization of a cell along its apical/basal axis. [GOC:bf]


invasive growth in response to glucose limitation

A growth pattern exhibited by budding haploid cells under certain growth conditions, in which cells retain the typical axial budding pattern of haploids, but become elongated and fail to separate after division; during growth on a solid substrate, this results in penetration of cells into the agar medium. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. [GOC:mcc, PMID:9728395]


signal transduction during filamentous growth


The process that results in the assembly of clathrin triskelia into the ordered structure known as a clathrin cage. [GOC:jid, PMID:11460887, PMID:11977118, PMID:9531549]


clathrin coating of Golgi-derived vesicle

The addition of clathrin and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat. [GOC:jid, GOC:mah, ISBN:0716731363, PMID:10219233]


regulation of actin filament depolymerization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the disassembly of actin filaments by the removal of actin monomers from a filament. [GOC:mah]


negative regulation of actin depolymerization

down regulation of actin filament depolymerization

down-regulation of actin filament depolymerization

downregulation of actin filament depolymerization

negative regulation of actin filament depolymerization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin depolymerization. [GOC:mah]


upregulation of actin filament depolymerization

positive regulation of actin depolymerization

up-regulation of actin filament depolymerization

up regulation of actin filament depolymerization

positive regulation of actin filament depolymerization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin depolymerization. [GOC:mah]


regulation of actin filament polymerization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filaments by the addition of actin monomers to a filament. [GOC:mah]


negative regulation of actin polymerization

down regulation of actin filament polymerization

downregulation of actin filament polymerization

down-regulation of actin filament polymerization

negative regulation of actin filament polymerization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization. [GOC:mah]


retention of actin monomers
actin monomer sequestration
actin monomer sequestering
actin monomer storage
actin monomer retention
sequestration of actin monomers
storage of actin monomers

The selective interaction of actin monomers with specific molecules that inhibit their polymerization by preventing their access to other monomers. [GOC:go_curators]


upregulation of actin filament polymerization

up-regulation of actin filament polymerization

positive regulation of actin polymerization

up regulation of actin filament polymerization

positive regulation of actin filament polymerization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization. [GOC:mah]


cortical actin cytoskeleton organisation

cortical actin cytoskeleton stabilization

cortical actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of actin-based cytoskeletal structures in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah, GOC:pf]


Any process that controls the length of actin filaments in a cell. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah]


cortical cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah]


establishment of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation

Orientation of hairs in the imaginal disc-derived wing along a proximal-distal axis, such that each cell of the wing produces one wing hair which points in a distal direction. [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:tb, PMID:11239465]


regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the disassembly of intermediate filaments by the removal of monomers from a filament. [GOC:mah]


downregulation of intermediate filament depolymerization

down regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization

down-regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization

negative regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate filament depolymerization. [GOC:mah]


up regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization

up-regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization

upregulation of intermediate filament depolymerization

positive regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate filament depolymerization. [GOC:mah]


regulation of intermediate filament polymerization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of intermediate filaments by the addition of monomers to a filament. [GOC:mah]


down regulation of intermediate filament polymerization

downregulation of intermediate filament polymerization

down-regulation of intermediate filament polymerization

negative regulation of intermediate filament polymerization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate filament polymerization. [GOC:mah]


up regulation of intermediate filament polymerization

upregulation of intermediate filament polymerization

up-regulation of intermediate filament polymerization

positive regulation of intermediate filament polymerization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate filament polymerization. [GOC:mah]


anastral spindle assembly involved in male meiosis

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the anastral spindle in male meiotic cells. [GOC:tb, PMID:11973272]


Formation and organization of an aster composed of microtubule arrays originating from the sperm basal body and extending virtually to the egg periphery. The sperm aster ensures the appropriate positioning of the male and female pronuclei. [GOC:bf, ISBN:0879694238]


mitochondrial migration along microtubule

mitochondrial transport along microtubule

mitochondrion transport along microtubule

The directed movement of a mitochondrion along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. [GOC:ecd]


The directed movement of a vesicle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of a vesicle to a microtubule, and ends when the vesicle reaches its final destination. [GOC:ecd, GOC:rl]


ovarian fusome organization and biogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fusome of ovarian cells, an organelle derived from the spectrosome. It anchors the mitotic spindle pole to provide orientation during cystoblast cell divisions. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah, ISBN:0879694238]


testicular fusome organization and biogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fusome of testicular cells, an organelle derived from the spectrosome. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah, ISBN:0879694238]


regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane

regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the mitochondrial membrane. [GOC:bf]


The creation of two or more organelles by division of one organelle. [GOC:jid]


The creation of a single organelle from two or more organelles. [GOC:jid]


nuclear membrane fusion during karyogamy


membrane raft formation
lipid raft assembly
lipid raft formation

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a membrane raft, a small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalizes cellular processes. [PMID:12648772, PMID:12803918, PMID:16645198]


membrane polarization
lipid raft polarization

The clustering and aggregation of a membrane into domains. This serves as a mechanism to compartmentalize cellular activities and to establish cell polarity. [PMID:12615889]


The resealing of a cell plasma membrane after cellular wounding due to, for instance, mechanical stress. [GOC:add, PMID:12925704]


The division of a chloroplast within a cell to form two or more separate chloroplast compartments. This division occurs independently of mitosis. [GOC:lr]


Expansion of the chloroplast that usually precedes division. [GOC:lr]


glyoxysome organization and biogenesis
glyoxysome organisation

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the glyoxysome. A glyoxysome is a microbody that contains the enzymes of the glyoxylate pathway. [GOC:tb]


thylakoid membrane organization and biogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the thylakoid membrane. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah, GOC:tb]


polar granule organization and biogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of polar granules, cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregates in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes. [PMID:10851135, PMID:770367]


spectrosome organization and biogenesis
spectrosome organisation

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the spectrosome, a germline specific spherical organelle that is the precursor to the fusome. [PMID:11131529]


peptidoglycan-protein cross-linking via L-threonyl-pentaglycyl-murein

The process of linking a protein to peptidoglycan via a carboxy terminal threonine carboxyl group through a pentaglycyl peptide to the lysine or diaminopimelic acid of the peptidoglycan. [RESID:AA0345]


teichuronic acid synthesis
teichuronic acid formation
teichuronic acid biosynthesis
teichuronic acid anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of teichuronic acid, a polymer containing chains of uronic acids and N-acetylglucosamine found in the cell wall, membrane or capsule of Gram-positive bacteria. [ISBN:0815108893]


Assembly of a nuclear envelope containing nuclear pores and a lamina around the male pronucleus, the final step in sperm pronuclear formation. [GOC:bf, PMID:11735001]


pore biosynthesis
pore complex biogenesis
pore formation

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a pore complex. A pore complex is a small opening in a membrane that allows the passage of liquids and/or gases. [GOC:jl, GOC:mah]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to a histone protein. [GOC:bf]


downregulation of histone acetylation
down regulation of histone acetylation
down-regulation of histone acetylation

negative regulation of histone acetylation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to a histone protein. [GOC:bf]


up-regulation of histone acetylation
upregulation of histone acetylation
up regulation of histone acetylation

positive regulation of histone acetylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to a histone protein. [GOC:bf]


Unwinding of the condensed nuclear chromatin of an inactive sperm nucleus. [GOC:bf, PMID:11735001]


sperm-specific histone exchange
sperm-specific histone replacement

fertilization, exchange of chromosomal proteins

Replacement of sperm-specific chromosomal proteins with somatic histones, to allow the paternal genome to acquire a nucleosomal chromatin organization compatible with nuclear activity. [GOC:bf, PMID:11735001]


The chromosome organization process in which meiotic chromosomes in the oocyte nucleus cluster together to form a compact spherical structure called the karyosome. [PMID:11700288, PMID:18039935]


The decondensing (loosening) and swelling of the chromosomal sites of target genes on polytene chromosomes following response to a stimulus, to facilitate sudden bursts of transcriptional activity in response to transient environmental signals. [GOC:bf, PMID:12543962]


ecdysone-mediated polytene chromosome puffing

The decondensing (loosening) and swelling of the chromosomal sites of hormone-responsive genes on polytene chromosomes in response to increased production of the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone) in Drosophila larvae approaching pupation. [GOC:bf, PMID:12543962]


heat shock-mediated polytene chromosome puffing

The decondensing (loosening) and swelling of the chromosomal sites of heat shock genes on polytene chromosomes in response to a heat shock stimulus. [GOC:bf, PMID:12543962]


ribosomal DNA maintenance
rDNA maintenance

Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of rDNA repeats. [GOC:vw, PMID:14528010]


down regulation of telomeric recombination at telomere

negative regulation of telomeric recombination at telomere

downregulation of telomeric recombination at telomere

suppression of telomeric recombination at telomere

down-regulation of telomeric recombination at telomere

negative regulation of DNA recombination at telomere

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of genetic recombination within the telomere. [GOC:jid, PMID:9635193]


Assembly of the haploid nucleus of the unfertilized egg. [GOC:bf, ISBN:0582227089]


nuclear speck organization and biogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of nuclear specks, a class of nuclear body in which splicing factors are localized. [GOC:bf, GOC:curators]


chromosome condensation involved in meiotic cell cycle

Compaction of chromatin structure prior to meiosis in eukaryotic cells. [PMID:10072401]


negative regulation of DNA replication at replication fork barrier

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication by impeding the progress of the DNA replication fork. Replication fork arrest is one of the 'quality control' processes ensuring that DNA-dependent DNA replication occurs correctly. DNA replication fork arrest during DNA-dependent DNA replication is not known to occur outside of cases where a replication error needs to be prevented or corrected. [GOC:jl, GOC:pr, PMID:14645529]


mtDNA replication
replication of mitochondrial DNA

The process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in the mitochondrion. [GOC:ai]


Replication of circular DNA following excision from the chromosome; replication of extrachromosomal circular DNA generally occurs independently of chromosomal replication. [GOC:jh, PMID:33867825]


down regulation of exit from mitosis
downregulation of exit from mitosis
down-regulation of exit from mitosis

negative regulation of exit from mitosis

Any process involved in the inhibition of progression from anaphase/telophase (high mitotic CDK activity) to G1 (low mitotic CDK activity). [GOC:rn]


The alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the meiotic spindle, during meiosis I. [GOC:cab1, PMID:10809666]


The alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the meiotic spindle, during meiosis II. [GOC:cab1, PMID:10809666]


positive regulation of cell cycle arrest by p53-mediated DNA damage response

DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest

A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage and resulting in the stopping or reduction in rate of the cell cycle. [GOC:go_curators]


germarium-derived cystoblast cell division

The four rounds of incomplete mitosis undergone by a cystoblast to form a 16-cell cyst of interconnected cells within a germarium. Within the cyst, one cell differentiates into an oocyte while the rest become nurse cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:11131529]


female germ-line stem cell asymmetric division

The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell in the female gonad, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the female gametes. [GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_sensu]


male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division

The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell in the male gonad, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the male gametes. [GOC:jid]


zygote asymmetric cytokinesis in embryo sac

The division of the zygote in a plane perpendicular to the long axis of the embryo sac to produce a larger basal cell near the micropyle and a small terminal cell close to what was the central cell and is now the developing endosperm. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. [GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:tb, ISBN:0865427429]


division septum assembly involved in cell cycle cytokinesis involved in mitotic cell cycle

division septum formation involved in cell cycle cytokinesis involved in mitotic cell cycle

formation of division septum involved in mitotic cell cycle

division septum formation involved in mitotic cell cycle

The assembly and arrangement of a septum that spans the plasma membrane interface between progeny cells following cytokinesis. The progeny cells that form a division septum are not able to exchange intracellular material. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle]


selection of site for division septum formation

selection of site for barrier cell septum formation

selection of site for barrier cell septum biosynthesis

The process of marking the site where a division septum will form. [GOC:clt]


prokaryotic fission
prokaryote-type cytokinesis


The formation of a structure composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins that will function in cytokinesis in cells that perform cytokinesis by cell plate formation. The structure usually contains antiparallel microtubules and membrane (often visible as vesicles). [GOC:clt]


contractile ring contraction involved in cell cycle cytokinesis

cytokinesis, contractile ring contraction

actomyosin contractile ring constriction

cytokinesis, actomyosin ring contraction

The process of an actomyosin ring getting smaller in diameter, in the context of cytokinesis that takes place as part of a cell cycle. [GOC:clt, GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb]


formation of actomyosin apparatus involved in cytokinesis

cytokinesis, formation of actomyosin apparatus

actomyosin apparatus assembly involved in cytokinesis

assembly of actomyosin apparatus involved in cytokinesis

The assembly and arrangement of an apparatus composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins that will function in cytokinesis. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle]


The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of septins and associated proteins to form an organized structure resembling a ring at the cell cortex. [GOC:clt]


The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Epithelial cells make up the epithelium, the covering of internal and external surfaces of the body, including the lining of vessels and other small cavities. It consists of cells joined by small amounts of cementing substances. [ISBN:0721662544]


regulation of epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. [GOC:ai]


downregulation of epithelial cell proliferation

down regulation of epithelial cell proliferation

down-regulation of epithelial cell proliferation

negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. [GOC:ai]


downregulation of urothelial cell proliferation

down-regulation of urothelial cell proliferation

down regulation of urothelial cell proliferation

negative regulation of urothelial cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of urothelial cell proliferation. [GOC:ai]


regulation of urothelial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of urothelial cell proliferation. [GOC:ai]


The multiplication or reproduction of urothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Urothelial cells make up a layer of transitional epithelium in the wall of the bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis, external to the lamina propria. [ISBN:0721662544]


The multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells, resulting in the expansion of the fibroblast population. [GOC:jid]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells. [GOC:jid]


down regulation of fibroblast proliferation

downregulation of fibroblast proliferation

down-regulation of fibroblast proliferation

negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells. [GOC:jid]


up-regulation of fibroblast proliferation

upregulation of fibroblast proliferation

up regulation of fibroblast proliferation

positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells. [GOC:jid]


The proliferation of cells in the inner cell mass. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, ISBN:0124020607, ISBN:0198542771]


The self-renewing division of a somatic stem cell, a stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. [GOC:jid, ISBN:0582227089]


The proliferation of cells in the trophectoderm. [GOC:dph, ISBN:0124020607, ISBN:0198542771]


The formation of plant spores derived from the products of meiosis. The spore gives rise to gametophytes. [GOC:tb]


The directed movement of an amide, any compound containing one, two, or three acyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


The directed movement of amino acids into a cell or organelle. [GOC:jl]


The directed movement of the D-enantiomer of an amino acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah]


The directed movement of D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah]


The directed movement of D-serine, the D-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah]


The directed movement of beta-alanine, 3-aminopropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:hjd]


The directed movement of homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cystathionine, threonine and methionine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


The directed movement of arbutin, a glycoside found in the bearberry and related plants which has been used to treat urinary-tract diseases, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl, PMID:19965875]


The directed movement of glucosides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


The directed movement of salicin (saligenin-beta-D-glucopyranoside), a glucoside of o-hydroxybenzylalcohol, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl]


The directed movement of dextrin, any one, or the mixture, of the intermediate polysaccharides formed during the hydrolysis of starch, which are dextrorotatory, soluble in water, and precipitable in alcohol, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl]


The directed movement of fosmidomycin, a phosphonic acid derivative with potent activity against Gram-negative organisms, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl, PMID:12543685]


The directed movement of microcin, a class of glycine-rich, bactericidal peptides (antibiotics) produced by some enteric bacteria, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl, PMID:11292337]


The directed movement of microcin B17, a bactericidal peptide (antibiotic) produced by some enteric bacteria, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl, PMID:11292337]


The directed movement of polymyxin, any of a group of related antibiotics produced by Bacillus polymyxa and active against most Gram-negative bacteria, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl]


Release of water by the plant into the air as water vapor mainly through leaves. [GOC:sm, ISBN:0879015322]


The directed movement of epinephrine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jid]


plasma membrane ATP synthesis coupled proton transport

proton motive force-driven plasma membrane ATP synthesis

The transport of protons across the plasma membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis. [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0716731363]


mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled proton transport

proton motive force-driven mitochondrial ATP synthesis

The transport of protons across a mitochondrial membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis. [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0716731363]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proton transport into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:sm]


The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal fibers such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell. [GOC:mah]


cytosol to endoplasmic reticulum transport

The directed movement of substances from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of substances into, out of or within the Golgi apparatus, mediated by vesicles. [GOC:jid, ISBN:0716731363, PMID:10219233]


The addition of COPI proteins and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat. [GOC:jid, GOC:mah, ISBN:0716731363, PMID:10219233]


The evagination of the Golgi membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle. [GOC:jid, ISBN:0716731363, PMID:10219233]


formation of Golgi membrane priming complex

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a membrane priming complex. An incoming coat component recognizes both GTPase and a membrane protein to form the priming complex. [GOC:jid, ISBN:0716731363, PMID:10219233]


dictyosome membrane bud coat oligomerisation

dictyosome membrane binding by cytosolic coat proteins


Golgi-derived vesicle bud deformation and release

Golgi vesicle bud deformation and release

The process in which cytosolic coat proteins fit together in a basketlike convex framework to form a coated deformed region on the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane. The deformed region forms into a complete vesicle and is released. [GOC:jid, ISBN:0716731363, PMID:10219233]


vesicle targeting, to, from or within Golgi

The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport to, from or within the Golgi apparatus; mediated by the addition of specific coat proteins, including COPI and COPII proteins and clathrin, to the membrane during vesicle formation. [GOC:jid, GOC:mah, ISBN:0716731363, PMID:10219233]


cis-Golgi to rough endoplasmic reticulum targeting

vesicle targeting, cis-Golgi to rough ER

vesicle targeting, cis-Golgi to rough endoplasmic reticulum

The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport from the cis-Golgi to the rough ER. [GOC:jid, GOC:mah, ISBN:0716731363, PMID:10219233]


The addition of specific coat proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles. [GOC:jid, GOC:mah, ISBN:0716731363, PMID:10219233]


The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport from one Golgi cisterna to another. [GOC:jid, GOC:mah, ISBN:0716731363, PMID:10219233]


regulation of vesicle targeting, to, from or within Golgi

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or destination of vesicle-mediated transport to, from or within the Golgi apparatus. [GOC:jid, GOC:mah, ISBN:0716731363, PMID:10219233]


rough endoplasmic reticulum to cis-Golgi targeting

vesicle targeting, rough endoplasmic reticulum to cis-Golgi

vesicle targeting, rough ER to cis-Golgi

The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the cis-Golgi. [GOC:jid, GOC:mah, ISBN:0716731363, PMID:10219233]


vesicle targeting, trans-Golgi to endosome

The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport from the trans-Golgi to the endosome. [GOC:jid, GOC:mah, ISBN:0716731363, PMID:10219233]


Golgi-derived vesicle fusion to target membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a Golgi transport vesicle to the target lipid bilayer membrane. [GOC:jid, ISBN:0716731363, PMID:10219233]


Golgi vesicle coat protein depolymerization

The process in which Golgi vesicle coat proteins are depolymerized, and released for reuse. [GOC:jid, ISBN:0716731363, PMID:10219233]


Golgi vesicle docking with target membrane

The initial attachment of a Golgi transport vesicle membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the Golgi vesicle and the target membrane. [GOC:jid, ISBN:0716731363, PMID:10219233]


Golgi-derived vesicle prefusion complex stabilization

Golgi vesicle prefusion complex assembly

Golgi vesicle prefusion complex stabilization

The binding of specific proteins to the t-SNARE/v-SNARE/SNAP25 complex, by which the Golgi vesicle prefusion complex is stabilized. [GOC:jid, ISBN:0716731363, PMID:10219233]


regulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane. [GOC:jid, ISBN:0716731363, PMID:10219233]


down-regulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane

down regulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane

downregulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane

negative regulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane. [GOC:jid, ISBN:0716731363, PMID:10219233]


up regulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane

upregulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane

up-regulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane

positive regulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane. [GOC:jid, ISBN:0716731363, PMID:10219233]


inter-Golgi cisterna vesicle-mediated transport

The directed movement of substances from one Golgi cisterna to another, mediated by small transport vesicles. [GOC:jid, GOC:mah, ISBN:0716731363, PMID:10219233]


Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport

The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane. [ISBN:0716731363]


Golgi to plasma membrane cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein transport

Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport

The directed movement of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein from the Golgi to the plasma membrane. [GOC:jl]


regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transport of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein from the Golgi to the plasma membrane. [GOC:jl]


down regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport

downregulation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport

down-regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport

negative regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transport of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein from the Golgi to the plasma membrane. [GOC:jl]


cytoplasmic sequestering of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein

maintenance of CFTR protein location in cytoplasm

sequestering of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein) in cytoplasm

cytoplasmic sequestration of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein)

storage of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) protein in cytoplasm

retention of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) protein in cytoplasm

sequestration of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein) in cytoplasm

cytoplasmic storage of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) protein

cytoplasmic retention of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) protein

cytoplasmic sequestering of CFTR protein

The selective interaction of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its transport to the cell membrane. [GOC:jl]


upregulation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport

up-regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport

up regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport

positive regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transport of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein from the Golgi to the plasma membrane. [GOC:jl]


regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane. [GOC:jl]


down-regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport

down regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport

downregulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport

negative regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane. [GOC:jl]


up regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport

up-regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport

upregulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport

positive regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane. [GOC:jl]


Transport of a vesicle from the plasma membrane to the endosome. [GOC:jid]


regulation of protein transport from nucleus to cytoplasm

regulation of protein export from cell nucleus

regulation of protein export out of nucleus

regulation of protein export from nucleus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. [GOC:bf]


down regulation of protein export from nucleus

downregulation of protein export from nucleus

negative regulation of protein transport from nucleus to cytoplasm

negative regulation of protein-nucleus export

negative regulation of protein export from cell nucleus

down-regulation of protein export from nucleus

negative regulation of protein export out of nucleus

negative regulation of protein export from nucleus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. [GOC:bf]


positive regulation of protein-nucleus export

positive regulation of protein export from cell nucleus

upregulation of protein export from nucleus

up-regulation of protein export from nucleus

positive regulation of protein transport from nucleus to cytoplasm

up regulation of protein export from nucleus

positive regulation of protein export out of nucleus

positive regulation of protein export from nucleus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. [GOC:bf]


sequestering of transcription factor in cytoplasm

cytoplasmic sequestration of transcription factor

cytoplasmic retention of transcription factor

storage of transcription factor in cytoplasm

sequestration of transcription factor in cytoplasm

cytoplasmic storage of transcription factor

transcription factor binding, cytoplasmic sequestering

maintenance of transcription factor protein location in cytoplasm

retention of transcription factor in cytoplasm

cytoplasmic sequestering of transcription factor

The selective interaction of a transcription factor with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its translocation into the nucleus. [GOC:jl]


mitochondrial iron cation transmembrane transport

The process in which iron is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix. [GOC:jid, PMID:12006577]


regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. [GOC:bf]


downregulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport

down-regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport

down regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport

negative regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. [GOC:bf]


down regulation of RNA export from nucleus

negative regulation of RNA export out of nucleus

negative regulation of RNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm

negative regulation of RNA export from cell nucleus

negative regulation of RNA-nucleus export

downregulation of RNA export from nucleus

down-regulation of RNA export from nucleus

negative regulation of RNA export from nucleus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of RNA from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. [GOC:bf]


down regulation of RNA import into nucleus

negative regulation of RNA-nucleus import

negative regulation of RNA transport from cytoplasm to nucleus

downregulation of RNA import into nucleus

negative regulation of RNA import into cell nucleus

down-regulation of RNA import into nucleus

negative regulation of RNA import into nucleus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of RNA from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. [GOC:bf]


up-regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport

upregulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport

up regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport

positive regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. [GOC:bf]


positive regulation of RNA export out of nucleus

up-regulation of RNA export from nucleus

up regulation of RNA export from nucleus

positive regulation of RNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm

positive regulation of RNA export from cell nucleus

positive regulation of RNA-nucleus export

positive regulation of RNA export from nucleus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of RNA from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. [GOC:bf]


up regulation of RNA import into nucleus

positive regulation of RNA transport from cytoplasm to nucleus

up-regulation of RNA import into nucleus

positive regulation of RNA import into cell nucleus

positive regulation of RNA-nucleus import

positive regulation of RNA import into nucleus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of movement of RNA from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. [GOC:bf]


regulation of RNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm

regulation of RNA export from cell nucleus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. [GOC:bf]


regulation of RNA import into cell nucleus

regulation of RNA transport from cytoplasm to nucleus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of movement of RNA from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. [GOC:bf]


3-phenylpropionate transport
HCA transport
hydrocinnamic acid transport

The directed movement of 3-phenylpropionic acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl]


The directed movement of isoprenoids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Isoprenoids comprise a group of compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of terpenoids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Terpenoids are a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure and include derivatives with various functional groups. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of tetraterpenoids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Tetraterpenoids are terpenoids with eight isoprene units. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of carotenoids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carotenoids are tetraterpenoid compounds in which two units of 4 isoprenoid residues joined head-to-tail are themselves joined tail-to-tail. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of glycolipids, compounds containing (usually) 1-4 linked monosaccharide residues joined by a glycosyl linkage to a lipid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of nucleic acids, single or double-stranded polynucleotides involved in the storage, transmission and transfer of genetic information, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732]


The directed movement of cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:lr]


The directed movement of xanthine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Xanthine (2,6-dihydroxypurine) is a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine, but is not present in nucleic acids. [GOC:jl]


adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate transport

The directed movement of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride synthesized from adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [ISBN:0198506732]


The directed movement of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [ISBN:0198506732]


The directed movement of carboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carboxylic acids are organic acids containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of a dipeptide, a combination of two amino acids by means of a peptide (-CO-NH-) link, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl]


The directed movement of a peptide antigen into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from an endogenous or exogenous protein. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15771591]


The directed movement of a tripeptide, a compound containing three amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl]


The directed movement of a colicin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Colicins are a group of antibiotics produced by E. coli and related species that are encoded by a group of naturally occurring plasmids, e.g. Col E1. [GOC:jl, PMID:17347522]


The directed movement of group A colicins (colicins E1, E2, E3, A, K, and N) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl, PMID:9171417]


The directed movement of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


The targeting and directed movement of proteins into a cell or organelle. Not all import involves an initial targeting event. [GOC:ai]


Fusion of the membrane of a transport vesicle with its target membrane. [GOC:jid]


The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes. Targeting involves coordinated interactions among cytoskeletal elements (microtubules or actin filaments), motor proteins, molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces, and vesicle cargo. [GOC:mah, PMID:17335816]


vesicle targeting, plasma membrane to endosome

The process in which vesicles formed at the plasma membrane are directed to specific destinations in endosome membranes, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces. [GOC:jid, GOC:mah, ISBN:0716731363, PMID:10219233]


The directed movement of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl, PMID:10928541]


The directed movement of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl, PMID:8837459]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis, the process in which phagocytes engulf external particulate material. [GOC:ai]


down regulation of phagocytosis
downregulation of phagocytosis
down-regulation of phagocytosis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis. [GOC:ai]


upregulation of phagocytosis
up-regulation of phagocytosis
up regulation of phagocytosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis. [GOC:ai]


regulation of receptor mediated endocytosis

regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]


downregulation of receptor mediated endocytosis

negative regulation of receptor mediated endocytosis

down regulation of receptor mediated endocytosis

down-regulation of receptor mediated endocytosis

negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport. [GOC:go_curators]


up regulation of receptor mediated endocytosis

up-regulation of receptor mediated endocytosis

positive regulation of receptor mediated endocytosis

upregulation of receptor mediated endocytosis

positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]


The directed movement of the siderochrome enterobactin, a cyclic trimer of 2, 3 dihydroxybenzoylserine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl]


The initial attachment of a transport vesicle membrane to the target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane. Docking requires only that the two membranes come close enough for these proteins to interact and adhere. [GOC:ai, GOC:jid]


vesicle fusion with endoplasmic reticulum

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the endoplasmic reticulum. [GOC:jid]


The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi. [GOC:jid]


The directed movement of a xenobiotic into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:krc]


3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid transmembrane transport

The directed movement of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. [GOC:go_curators]


The directed movement of acridine (10-azaanthracene), a heterocyclic ring compound found in crude coal-tar anthracene, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl, Wikipedia:Acridine]


The directed movement of an alkanesulfonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Alkanesulfonates are organic esters or salts of sulfonic acid containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical. [GOC:jl]


The directed movement of benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0721662544]


dorsal closure, spreading of leading edge cells

Dorsally-directed movement of a cell at the leading edge of the epithelium over the amnioserosa. [GOC:bf, PMID:12147138]


immune cell migration
leukocyte migration
leucocyte migration
leukocyte trafficking
leucocyte trafficking

The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:14680625, PMID:14708592, PMID:7507411, PMID:8600538]


The movement of an eosinophil in response to an external stimulus. [GOC:jid, PMID:11292027, PMID:12391252]


The movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus. [GOC:jid]


The characteristic movement of cells from the dorsal ridge of the neural tube to a variety of locations in a vertebrate embryo. [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb, ISBN:0878932437]


The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature. [CL:0000540, GOC:go_curators]


TFP-dependent movement
TFP-dependent motility
type four pilus-dependent motility
type 4 pilus-dependent motility

Any process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell which is dependent on the presence of type IV pili. Includes social gliding motility and twitching motility. [GOC:go_curators, PMID:12704238]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type IV hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


downregulation of type IV hypersensitivity

down regulation of type IV hypersensitivity

down-regulation of type IV hypersensitivity

negative regulation of type IV hypersensitivity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type IV hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


up regulation of type IV hypersensitivity

up-regulation of type IV hypersensitivity

upregulation of type IV hypersensitivity

positive regulation of type IV hypersensitivity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type IV hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular defense response. [GOC:sm]


upregulation of cellular defense response

up regulation of cellular defense response

up-regulation of cellular defense response

positive regulation of cellular defence response

positive regulation of cellular defense response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular defense response. [GOC:sm]


elastin fiber assembly
elastic fibre assembly
elastin fibre assembly

Assembly of the extracellular matrix fibers that enables the matrix to recoil after transient stretching. [GOC:jid, PMID:10841810, PMID:12615674]


synapse development
synapse organization and biogenesis
synapse organisation

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell). [GOC:ai, GOC:pr]


regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

A process that modulates long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers. [GOC:jid, PMID:11891290]


down-regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

downregulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

down regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

negative regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

A process that decreases long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers. [GOC:jid, PMID:11891290]


up regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

up-regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

upregulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

positive regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

A process that increases long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers. [GOC:jid, PMID:11891290]


regulation of photosynthesis, dark reaction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photosynthesis dark reaction. [GOC:sm]


Proteolysis of the damaged D1 protein and re-assembly of a new D1 subunit in the photosystem II following photoinhibition. [GOC:sm]


The mechanism by which high light intensity inhibits photosynthesis through inactivation of the D1 protein of photosystem II. [GOC:mtg_electron_transport, PMID:12068126]


The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a photosystem II complex on the thylakoid membrane. The photosystem II complex consists of at least 20 polypeptides and around 80 cofactors in most organisms. [GOC:aa, GOC:pz]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photosynthesis. [GOC:sm]


The process of withdrawing a pilus back into a cell. [GOC:go_curators, PMID:17355871]


The process of opening or closing of stomata, which is directly related to the stomatal conductance (measuring rate of passage of either water vapor or carbon dioxide (CO2) through stomata). [GOC:sm]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal movement. [GOC:sm]


regulation of fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the binding and fusion of a sperm to the oocyte plasma membrane. [GOC:jl, PMID:11483596]


negative regulation of sperm-oocyte fusion


regulation of cellular physiological process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. [GOC:go_curators]


The last stage of leaf development during which programmed degradation of macromolecules and nutrient recycling take place. [ISBN:0387987819, PMID:17177638, PMID:34938309]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the blastocyst over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm. [GOC:dph, ISBN:0124020607, ISBN:0198542771]


The initial formation of a blastocyst from a solid ball of cells known as a morula. [GOC:dph, ISBN:0124020607, ISBN:0198542771]


An increase in size of a blastocyst due to expansion of the blastocoelic cavity cell shape changes and cell proliferation. [GOC:dph, ISBN:0124020607, ISBN:0198542771]


The hatching of the cellular blastocyst from the zona pellucida. [GOC:dph, ISBN:0124020607, ISBN:0198542771]


DNA methylation involved in embryo development

The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 of cytosine that contributes to the epigenetic regulation of embryonic gene expression. [GOC:go_curators, PMID:12138111]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through a stage including a notochord and neural tube until birth or egg hatching. [GOC:mtg_sensu]


optic placode formation in camera-type eye

optic placode formation involved in camera-type eye formation

optic placode formation involved in camera-style eye

lens placode formation involved in camera-type eye formation

Establishment and formation of the optic placode, paired ectodermal placodes that become invaginated to form the embryonic lens vesicles. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:sdb_2009, GOC:tb]


The formation of mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo. [ISBN:0721662544]


The process in which individual somites establish identity during embryogenesis. [GOC:dph]


A gastrulation process in which the initial invagination becomes the anus and the mouth forms second. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu]


gastrulation involving germ band extension

A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements, including germ band extension, that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic root are generated and organized. [GOC:tb]


The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic shoot are generated and organized. [GOC:tb]


embryo shoot apical meristem specification

primary shoot apical meristem specification

The specification of the meristem which will give rise to all post-embryonic above-ground structures of the plant as well as the non-root below-ground structures, such as rhizomes and tubers. [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tair_curators, GOC:tb]


The specification of a meristem which will give rise to a primary or lateral root. [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary meristem over time, from formation to the mature structure, as it occurs during plant embryogenesis. The primary meristem tissue is the protoderm, ground meristem and procambium. [GOC:tb, ISBN:0471245208]


The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the ground tissues. [GOC:tb, ISBN:0471245208]


The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the primary vascular tissue. [GOC:tb, ISBN:0471245208]


The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the epidermis. [GOC:tb, ISBN:0471245208]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the antennal joint over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The antennal joint is the joint between antennal segments. [GOC:jid]


The increase in length of the aristal core. The arista is the terminal segment of the antenna and consists of a central core and a series of lateral extensions. [GOC:bf, PMID:11404081]


The increase in length of the aristal laterals. The arista is the terminal segment of the antenna and consists of a central core and a series of lateral extensions. [GOC:bf, PMID:11404081]


The initial developmental process that will lead to the formation of the vertebrate inner ear. The otic placode forms as a thickening of the head ectoderm adjacent to the developing hindbrain. [GOC:go_curators, PMID:12668634]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic soma are generated and organized. [GOC:ems]


The process occurring in the embryo by which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic eye are generated and organized. [GOC:jid]


optic lobe and Bolwig's organ precursor formation

Establishment of the optic lobe placode. In Drosophila, for example, the placode appears in the dorsolateral region of the head in late stage 11 embryos and is the precursor to the larval visual system. [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:8402833]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the notochord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The notochord is a mesoderm-derived structure located ventral of the developing nerve cord. In vertebrates, the notochord serves as a core around which other mesodermal cells form the vertebrae. In the most primitive chordates, which lack vertebrae, the notochord persists as a substitute for a vertebral column. [GOC:dgh]


down-regulation of growth rate
downregulation of growth rate
down regulation of growth rate

Any process that reduces the rate of growth of all or part of an organism. [GOC:mah]


up regulation of growth rate
up-regulation of growth rate
upregulation of growth rate

Any process that increases the rate of growth of all or part of an organism. [GOC:mah]


Any process that modulates the rate of growth of all or part of an organism. [GOC:mah]


regulation of chitin-based cuticle tanning

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_sensu]


negative regulation of cuticle hardening


upregulation of cuticle tanning
up-regulation of cuticle tanning
positive regulation of cuticle tanning
up regulation of cuticle tanning

positive regulation of chitin-based cuticle tanning

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_sensu]


The stage-specific break down of the larval midgut during Drosophila metamorphosis, to allow replacement of larval structures by tissues and structures that form the adult fly. [GOC:bf, GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, PMID:9409683]


The stage-specific break down of the larval salivary glands during Drosophila metamorphosis, to allow replacement of larval structures by tissues and structures that form the adult fly. [GOC:bf, GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, PMID:9409683]


puparium biosynthesis
puparium formation

The onset of prepupal development when the larval stops crawling, everts its spiracles and the larval cuticle becomes the puparium or pupal case that surrounds the organism for the duration of metamorphosis. [GOC:bf, ISBN:0879694238, PMID:9409683]


The act of becoming a pupa, a resting stage in the life cycle of organisms with complete metamorphosis. This event marks the end of the prepupal period and the beginning of the pupal period. [GOC:bf, ISBN:0582227089, ISBN:0879694238]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ecdysone stimulus. [GOC:bf]


Any process involved in maintaining the identity, size and shape of a meristem. [GOC:tb]


meristem cell maintenance
maintenance of meristem cell identity

The process in which an organism retains a population of meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate. [GOC:tb]


The process in which an organism retains a population of floral meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


maintenance of inflorescence meristem identity

The process in which an organism retains a population of inflorescence meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


The process in which an organism retains a population of root meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


maintenance of vegetative meristem identity

The process in which an organism retains a population of vegetative meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


The process in which a meristem becomes determinate (i.e. ceases to produce lateral organs and may or may not terminally differentiate). [GOC:lr]


Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a meristem. [GOC:tb]


Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a floral meristem. [GOC:tb]


regulation of inflorescence meristem size

regulation of inflorescence meristem growth

Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of an inflorescence meristem. [GOC:tb]


Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a root meristem. [GOC:tb]


regulation of vegetative meristem growth

Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a vegetative meristem. [GOC:tb]


Initiation of a region of tissue in a plant that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation, thereby effecting growth and development of a plant by giving rise to more meristem or specialized tissue. [GOC:sm]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the soma are generated and organized. [GOC:ems, ISBN:0140512888]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic soma are generated and organized. [GOC:ems, ISBN:0140512888]


Formation of primary branches in the open tracheal system. These form from small groups of cells that migrate out at specific positions, organizing into tubes as they migrate. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:29844090]


secondary branching, open tracheal system

Sprouting of secondary branches in an open tracheal system. These form from the tips of primary branches and are formed by individual cells that roll up into unicellular tubes. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:29844090]


terminal branching of trachea, cytoplasmic projection extension

terminal branching, open tracheal system

Formation of terminal branches in the open tracheal system. These are long cytoplasmic extensions that form fine tubules that transport oxygen directly to the tissues. An example of the process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:29844090]


The process in which the anatomical structures of inflorescences are generated and organized. An inflorescence is the part of a seed plant body that is usually above ground and that can bear flowers. [GOC:jid]


The process in which the anatomical structures of determinate inflorescences are generated and organized. A determinate inflorescence is one that can only produce a predetermined number of floral meristems. [GOC:jid, PMID:9553044]


The process in which the anatomical structures of determinate inflorescences are generated and organized. A determinate inflorescence is one that can produce an undefined number of floral meristems. [GOC:jid]


The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of a polarized epithelium are generated and organized. A polarized epithelium is an epithelium where the epithelial sheet is oriented with respect to the planar axis. [GOC:dph]


anterior/posterior axis determination, follicular epithelium

anterior/posterior axis specification, follicular epithelium

Polarization of the follicle cells of an insect ovary along the anterior/posterior axis. [GOC:bf]


dorsal-ventral axis specification, ovarian follicular epithelium

dorsal/ventral axis determination, ovarian follicular epithelium

dorsoventral axis specification, ovarian follicular epithelium

dorsal/ventral axis specification, ovarian follicular epithelium

Polarization of the ovarian follicle cells along the dorsal/ventral axis. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:bf, GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:tb]


maternal determination of dorsal/ventral axis, follicular epithelium, soma encoded

maternal determination of dorsal-ventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, soma encoded

maternal determination of dorsoventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, soma encoded

maternal determination of dorsal/ventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, soma encoded

Polarization of the ovarian follicle cells along the dorsal-ventral axis by a gene product encoded by somatic cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0879694238]


Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst formed in the female gonad. [GOC:jid]


germarium-derived female germ-line cyst encapsulation

Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst formed in the germarium. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:11591336]


Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst. [GOC:jid]


Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst formed in the male gonad. [GOC:jid, PMID:11591336]


The regionalization process that specifies animal organ primordium boundaries resulting in a restriction of organogenesis to a limited spatial domain and keeping the organ separate from surrounding tissues. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, PMID:9611175]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endosperm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endosperm is formed during fertilization and provides nutrients to the developing embryo. [GOC:sm]


The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of the larval eye in Drosophila are generated and organized. The larval eye in Drosophila is a relatively simple sensory system composed of Bolwig's organs: two clusters, each composed of 12 photoreceptor cells from which axons extend in a single fascicle to the brain. [PMID:6185380]


The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. The eye is the organ of sight. [GOC:jid, GOC:sensu]


The regrowth of the endometrium and blood vessels in the uterus following menstruation, resulting from a rise in progesterone levels. [GOC:jl]


A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by luteinizing hormone binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. [GOC:dph]


The process leading to the rupture of the follicle, releasing the centrally located oocyte into the oviduct. An example of this is found in Mus musculus. [GOC:mtg_sensu, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279054/]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic heart tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart tube forms as the heart rudiment from the heart field. [GOC:go_curators]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of phloem and/or xylem over time, from formation to the mature structure. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. [GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:tb]


The formation of the principal food-conducting tissue of a vascular plant. [GOC:tb, ISBN:0471245208]


The formation of the principal water-conducting tissue of a vascular plant. [GOC:tb, ISBN:0471245208]


wing disc anterior/posterior pattern formation

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the wing. [GOC:jid, PMID:10625531]


anterior/posterior lineage restriction, imaginal disc

Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between anterior and posterior compartments that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment. [GOC:jid, PMID:10625531, PMID:9374402]


wing disc dorsal-ventral pattern formation

wing disc dorsoventral pattern formation

wing disc dorsal/ventral pattern formation

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the adult wing. [GOC:jid]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the leaf are generated and organized. [GOC:go_curators]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mammary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. Its development starts with the formation of the mammary line and ends as the mature gland cycles between nursing and weaning stages. [PMID:9576833]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis, the generation of an axon, the long process of a neuron. [GOC:ai]


down-regulation of axonogenesis
downregulation of axonogenesis
down regulation of axonogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis. [GOC:ai]


up regulation of axonogenesis
up-regulation of axonogenesis
upregulation of axonogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis. [GOC:ai]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central complex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central complex region of the insect brain is thought to be crucial for control of locomotive behavior. Located in the middle of the two protocerebral hemispheres, it comprises four neuropilar regions, the fan-shaped body, the ellipsoid body, the protocerebral bridge and the paired noduli. [PMID:12490252]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the forebrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions). [http://www2.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/mwmednlm?book=Medical&va=forebrain]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hindbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hindbrain is the posterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain, or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata and controls the autonomic functions and equilibrium). [http://www2.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/mwmednlm?book=Medical&va=hindbrain]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles). [http://www2.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/mwmednlm?book=Medical&va=midbrain]


A process that modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:tb, PMID:11891290]


regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity

A process that modulates neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers. [GOC:jid, PMID:11891290]


regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

A process that modulates short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change in the short-term as circumstances require. Short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increasing or decreasing synaptic sensitivity. [GOC:jid, PMID:11891290]


down-regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

down regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

downregulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

negative regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

A process that decreases short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change in the short-term as circumstances require. Short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increasing or decreasing synaptic sensitivity. [GOC:jid, PMID:11891290]


upregulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

up-regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

up regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

positive regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

A process that increases short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change in the short-term as circumstances require. Short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increasing or decreasing synaptic sensitivity. [GOC:jid, PMID:11891290]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development. [GOC:ai]


down-regulation of dendrite morphogenesis

down regulation of dendrite morphogenesis

downregulation of dendrite morphogenesis

negative regulation of dendrite morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis. [GOC:ai]


up regulation of dendrite morphogenesis
upregulation of dendrite morphogenesis
up-regulation of dendrite morphogenesis

positive regulation of dendrite morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis. [GOC:ai]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells in the nervous system. [GOC:ai]


downregulation of neurogenesis
down-regulation of neurogenesis
down regulation of neurogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells within the nervous system. [GOC:ai]


upregulation of neurogenesis
up-regulation of neurogenesis
up regulation of neurogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells within the nervous system. [GOC:ai]


regulation of odontogenesis of calcareous or chitinous tooth


negative regulation of odontogenesis of calcareous or chitinous tooth


positive regulation of odontogenesis of calcareous or chitinous tooth


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the alveolus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The alveolus is a sac for holding air in the lungs; formed by the terminal dilation of air passageways. [GOC:mtg_lung, PMID:9751757]


specification of animal organ axis polarity

The process in which the polarity of an animal organ axis is specified. [GOC:tb]


polarity specification of proximal/distal axis

Any process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the proximal/distal axis. [GOC:tb]


The regionalization process in which the identity of an animal organ primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized. [GOC:tb]


The process in which the identity of a floral organ primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized. [GOC:tb]


The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires the carpel identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized. [GOC:tair_curators]


The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires petal identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized. [GOC:tair_curators]


The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires sepal identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized. [GOC:tair_curators]


The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires stamen or staminode identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized. [GOC:tair_curators]


The regionalization process in which information that determines the correct position at which animal organ primordia are formed is generated and perceived resulting in correct positioning of the new animal organ. [GOC:curators]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the suspensor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The suspensor is the extension at the base of the embryo that anchors the embryo in the embryo sac and pushes it into the endosperm. [GOC:tb, ISBN:0471245208]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thyroid gland is an endoderm-derived gland that produces thyroid hormone. [GOC:dgh]


The clearance of liquid from the epithelial tubes of an open tracheal system, shortly before the emergence of the larva, to generate an air-filled tubule system. [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:12571352]


tracheal outgrowth, open tracheal system

The projection of branches of an open tracheal system towards their target tissues. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the mesonephros is the second of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the mesonephros will form the mature kidney. [GOC:dph, ISBN:0124020607, ISBN:0721662544, PMID:10535314]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the prostate gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The prostate gland is a partly muscular, partly glandular body that is situated near the base of the mammalian male urethra and secretes an alkaline viscid fluid which is a major constituent of the ejaculatory fluid. [PMID:11839751]


The process in which the anatomical structures of a fruit are generated and organized. A fruit is a reproductive body of a seed plant. [GOC:sm]


Any process that modulates the rate or extent of photomorphogenesis. [GOC:tb]


down-regulation of photomorphogenesis
down regulation of photomorphogenesis
downregulation of photomorphogenesis

negative regulation of photomorphogenesis

Any process that stops, reduces or prevents photomorphogenesis. [GOC:tb]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic root are generated and organized. The post-embryonic root is the root formed after the embryonic phase has been completed. [GOC:tb]


The process in which the anatomical structures of a lateral root are generated and organized. A lateral root is one formed from pericycle cells located on the xylem radius of the root, as opposed to the initiation of the main root from the embryo proper. [GOC:tair_curators]


OBSOLETE. Formation and development of sporocyte, the haploid spores of angiosperms which are initiated by the differentiation of a subset of floral cells into sporocytes, which then undergo meiotic divisions to form microspores and megaspores. [PMID:10465788]


The process in which the anatomical structures of roots are generated and organized. The root is the usually underground part of a seed plant body that originates from the hypocotyl, functions as an organ of absorption, aeration, and food storage or as a means of anchorage and support. [GOC:sm, ISBN:0877797099]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the shoot are generated and organized. The shoot is the part of a seed plant body that is usually above ground. [GOC:sm, ISBN:0877797099]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the stomatal complex are generated and organized. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells. [GOC:tair_curators]


The regionalization process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation in the cuticle. [GOC:bf]


The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in the chitin-based adult cuticle. An example of this process is adult chitin-based cuticle pattern formation in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu]


Determination of the identity of part of an organism or organ where those parts are of the type that occur in the dorsal region. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized. [GOC:jid]


The regionalization process that results in the determination of the identity of part of an organism or organ where those parts are of the type that occur in the ventral region. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:jid]


The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


chorion-containing eggshell pattern formation

The regionalization process that gives rise to the structural pattern of a chorion-containing eggshell such as those found in insects. [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu]


The regionalization process that gives rise to the patterning of the conducting tissues. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. [GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:tb]


Establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism. [GOC:jid]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism. [GOC:jid]


downregulation of cuticle pigmentation
down-regulation of cuticle pigmentation
down regulation of cuticle pigmentation

negative regulation of cuticle pigmentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism. [GOC:jid]


up regulation of cuticle pigmentation
up-regulation of cuticle pigmentation
upregulation of cuticle pigmentation

positive regulation of cuticle pigmentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism. [GOC:jid]


Establishment of a pattern of pigment in the eye of an organism. [GOC:jid]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the eye of an organism. [GOC:jid]


down regulation of eye pigmentation
inhibition of eye pigmentation
negative regulation of eye pigmentation
downregulation of eye pigmentation
down-regulation of eye pigmentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the eye of an organism. [GOC:jid]


upregulation of eye pigmentation
up regulation of eye pigmentation
positive regulation of eye pigmentation
activation of eye pigmentation
up-regulation of eye pigmentation
stimulation of eye pigmentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the eye of an organism. [GOC:jid]


heme O formation
heme O biosynthesis
haem O biosynthetic process
heme O synthesis
haem O biosynthesis
heme O anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle. [GOC:jid]


heme O catabolism
haem O catabolism
haem O catabolic process
heme O degradation
heme O breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle. [GOC:jid]


haem O metabolism
haem O metabolic process
heme O metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle. [GOC:jid]


regulation of melanin anabolism
regulation of melanin formation
regulation of melanin synthesis
regulation of melanin biosynthesis

regulation of melanin biosynthetic process

Any process that alters the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin. [GOC:jid]


down regulation of melanin biosynthetic process

negative regulation of melanin biosynthesis

down-regulation of melanin biosynthetic process

downregulation of melanin biosynthetic process

negative regulation of melanin formation

negative regulation of melanin synthesis

negative regulation of melanin anabolism

negative regulation of melanin biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin. [GOC:jid]


positive regulation of melanin synthesis

positive regulation of melanin anabolism

positive regulation of melanin biosynthesis

up regulation of melanin biosynthetic process

positive regulation of melanin formation

upregulation of melanin biosynthetic process

up-regulation of melanin biosynthetic process

positive regulation of melanin biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin. [GOC:jid]


The blackening of the wounded area of the cuticle or the surface of invading pathogens, parasites or parasitoids, resulting from a proteolytic cascade leading to the de novo synthesis and deposition of melanin. [GOC:bf, PMID:12408809]


melanotic encapsulation of foreign target

Formation of a multilayered, melanized sheath of cells around a foreign invader. [GOC:bf]


regulation of melanization defence response

regulation of melanization defense response

Any process that affects the rate, extent or location of the melanization defense response during injury or invasion. [GOC:bf]


down-regulation of melanization defense response

down regulation of melanization defense response

negative regulation of melanization defence response

downregulation of melanization defense response

negative regulation of melanization defense response

Any process that reduces the rate or extent of the melanization defense response. This regulation is critical to limit melanization to the site of injury or infection. [GOC:bf, PMID:12408809]


upregulation of melanization defense response

positive regulation of melanization defence response

up-regulation of melanization defense response

up regulation of melanization defense response

positive regulation of melanization defense response

Any process that increases the rate or extent of the melanization defense response during injury or invasion. [GOC:bf]


downregulation of female pigmentation
down regulation of female pigmentation
down-regulation of female pigmentation

negative regulation of female pigmentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in females. [GOC:jid]


downregulation of male pigmentation
down regulation of male pigmentation
down-regulation of male pigmentation

negative regulation of male pigmentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in males. [GOC:jid]


up regulation of female pigmentation
up-regulation of female pigmentation
upregulation of female pigmentation

positive regulation of female pigmentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in females. [GOC:jid]


up regulation of male pigmentation
up-regulation of male pigmentation
upregulation of male pigmentation

positive regulation of male pigmentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in males. [GOC:jid]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in females. [GOC:jid]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in males. [GOC:jid]


Establishment of a pattern of pigment in one sex that is not observed in the other sex. [GOC:jid]


Establishment of a pattern of pigment in females. [GOC:jid]


Establishment of a pattern of pigment in males. [GOC:jid]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the flower over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The flower is the reproductive structure in a plant, and its development begins with the transition of the vegetative or inflorescence meristem into a floral meristem. [GOC:tb, ISBN:0879015322]


The sloughing of the endometrium and blood vessels during menstruation that results from a drop in progesterone levels. [GOC:dph]


Any process involved in the transition of a plant from a juvenile phase of vegetative development to an adult phase of vegetative development. [GOC:tb]


DNA methylation involved in gamete generation

The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 of cytosine that contributes to the establishment of DNA methylation patterns in the gamete. [GOC:go_curators, PMID:12138111]


The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA or RNA to form the complex that mediates dosage compensation on one or more X chromosomes. [GOC:jl, PMID:11102361, PMID:12672493]


dosage compensation complex assembly during dosage compensation by hyperactivation of X chromosome


dosage compensation complex assembly during dosage compensation by hypoactivation of X chromosome


sporocarp development involved in asexual reproduction

The formation of a spore-bearing structure by fungus where spores will arise from asexual reproduction. [GOC:clt, GOC:mtg_sensu]


sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a fruiting body organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruiting body is a spore bearing structure. In fungi, the sporocarp (also known as fruiting body) is a multicellular structure on which spore-producing structures, such as basidia or asci, are borne. The fruiting body is part of the sexual phase of a fungal life cycle, with the rest of the life cycle being characterized by vegetative mycelial growth. The sporocarp of a basidiomycete is known as a basidiocarp, while the fruiting body of an ascomycete is known as an ascocarp. A significant range of different shapes and morphologies is found in both basidiocarps and ascocarps; these features play an important role in the identification and taxonomy of fungi. [GOC:clt, GOC:mtg_sensu]


The rotation of centrosomes and associated pronuclei in one-cell embryos such as those of Caenorhabditis elegans, occurring as a transition between pronuclear migration and pronuclear fusion. [GOC:bf, ISBN:087969307X, PMID:10085292]


Removal of the sperm nuclear envelope, allowing entry of maternal factors into the sperm nucleus. [GOC:bf, PMID:11735001]


The directed movement of the male and female pronuclei towards each other prior to their fusion. [GOC:bf, PMID:9199363]


An endocytosis process that results in penetration of the egg shell through the micropyle (a specialized anterior opening in the vitelline envelope) and entry of the entire sperm, including the surrounding plasma membrane and the sperm tail, into the egg cytoplasm. This step in fertilization is seen in Drosophila, where a plasma membrane fusion event between the sperm and the egg does not occur. [GOC:bf, PMID:9630751]