macrophage antigen processing and presentation

The process in which a macrophage expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15771591]


non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation

The process in which a non-professional antigen presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. Non-professional antigen presenting cells include all cell types but dendritic cells, B cells, T cells, monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15771591]


peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I

antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15224092, PMID:15771591]


antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 or HLA-E gene families. [GOC:add, PMID:15928678, PMID:15928680]


endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib

antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family. [GOC:add, PMID:15928678]


exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib

antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family. [GOC:add, PMID:15928678]


exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation

antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


TAP-dependent antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I

TAP-dependent exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I

exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I, TAP-dependent

antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-dependent

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class I molecule. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules. [GOC:add, PMID:15224093, PMID:15771591, PMID:16181335]


TAP-independent exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I

TAP-independent antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I

exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I, TAP-independent

antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-independent

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a pathway not requiring TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing). The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules. [GOC:add, PMID:15224093, PMID:15771591, PMID:16181335]


TAP-dependent exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib

exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib, TAP-dependent

TAP-dependent antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib

antigen processing and presentation of exogenous protein antigen via MHC class Ib, TAP-dependent

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class Ib molecule. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family. [GOC:add, PMID:15928678]


TAP-independent antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib

TAP-independent exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib

exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib, TAP-independent

antigen processing and presentation of exogenous protein antigen via MHC class Ib, TAP-independent

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a pathway not requiring TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing). The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family. [GOC:add, PMID:15928678]


endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation

antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I via ER pathway

antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via an ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in the ER. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:14647477, PMID:15771591]


TAP-dependent endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I via ER pathway

TAP-dependent antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway

endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-dependent

antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-dependent

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP-dependent ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in the ER following TAP-dependent transport from the cytosol. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:14647477, PMID:15771591]


TAP-independent endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I via ER pathway

TAP-independent antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway

endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent

antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP-independent ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in the ER following transport from the cytosol via a TAP-independent pathway. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules. [GOC:add, PMID:14647477, PMID:15771591]


endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I via endolysosomal pathway

antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via endolysosomal pathway

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in an endolysosome. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules. [GOC:add, PMID:10631943]


endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib via ER pathway

antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via an ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class Ib molecule in the ER. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family. [GOC:add, PMID:15928678]


endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib via ER pathway, TAP-dependent

TAP-dependent endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib via ER pathway

TAP-dependent antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway

antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway, TAP-dependent

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class Ib molecule. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family. [GOC:add, PMID:15928678]


TAP-independent antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway

endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib via ER pathway, TAP-independent

TAP-independent endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib via ER pathway

antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway, TAP-independent

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a pathway not requiring TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing). The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family. [GOC:add, PMID:15928678]


endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II

antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein. [GOC:add, PMID:15531770, PMID:16181338]


peptide antigen assembly with MHC class Ib protein complex

The binding of a peptide antigen to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family. [GOC:add, PMID:15928678]


lipid antigen assembly with MHC class Ib protein complex

The binding of a lipid antigen to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 gene family. [GOC:add, PMID:15928678, PMID:15928680]


The directed movement of a lipid antigen into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:add, PMID:15928678, PMID:15928680]


peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II

antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15531770, PMID:15771591]


proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation

The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein contributing to antigen processing and presentation. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15224092, PMID:15771591]


ER proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation

proteolysis within ER associated with antigen processing and presentation

endoplasmic reticulum proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation

proteolysis within endoplasmic reticulum associated with antigen processing and presentation

The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by ER resident proteases contributing to antigen processing and presentation. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15224092, PMID:15771591]


endosomal proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation

proteolysis within endosome associated with antigen processing and presentation

The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by endosomal resident proteases contributing to antigen processing and presentation. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15771591]


lysosomal proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation

proteolysis within lysosome associated with antigen processing and presentation

The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by lysosomal resident proteases contributing to antigen processing and presentation. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15771591]


peptide antigen assembly with MHC protein complex

The binding of a peptide to the antigen binding groove of an MHC protein complex. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15771591]


peptide antigen assembly with MHC class I protein complex

The binding of a peptide to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15771591]


peptide antigen assembly with MHC class II protein complex

The binding of a peptide to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class II protein complex. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15771591]


peptide or polysaccharide antigen processing and presentation of via MHC class II

antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15531770, PMID:15771591, PMID:16153240]


polysaccharide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II

antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a polysaccharide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. [GOC:add, PMID:16153240]


polysaccharide assembly with MHC class II protein complex


A process that directly activates any of the steps required for tolerance, a physiologic state in which the immune system does not react destructively against the components of an organism that harbors it or against antigens that are introduced to it. [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:jal, ISBN:0781735149]


Tolerance induction in the central lymphoid organs: the thymus and bone marrow. [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:jal, ISBN:0781735149]


central tolerance induction to self antigen

Tolerance induction in the central lymphoid organs directed at self antigens. [GOC:jal, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:16460922]


central B lymphocyte tolerance induction

central B-lymphocyte tolerance induction

Tolerance induction of B cells in the bone marrow. [GOC:jal, PMID:16460922]


central B-lymphocyte receptor editing
central B-cell receptor editing
central B lymphocyte receptor editing

Receptor editing occurring in B cells in the bone marrow. [GOC:jal, PMID:16460922]


central T lymphocyte tolerance induction

central T-lymphocyte tolerance induction

Tolerance induction of T cells in the thymus. [GOC:jal, ISBN:0781735149]


Tolerance induction directed at self antigens. [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:jal, ISBN:0781735149]


B-lymphocyte tolerance induction
B lymphocyte tolerance induction
B-cell tolerance induction

A process involving any mechanism for tolerance induction in B cells. [GOC:jal, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:16460922]


B-cell anergy
B lymphocyte anergy
B-lymphocyte anergy

Any process contributing to anergy in B cells, a state of functional inactivation which is part of B cell tolerance induction. [GOC:jal, ISBN:0781735149]


B lymphocyte deletion
B-cell deletion
B-lymphocyte deletion

The apoptotic death of B cells which is part of B cell tolerance induction. [GOC:add, GOC:jal, ISBN:0781735149]


T-cell tolerance induction
T-lymphocyte tolerance induction
T lymphocyte tolerance induction

A process involving any mechanism for tolerance induction in T cells. [GOC:jal, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:16551263]


lymphocyte chemotaxis across high endothelial venule

The movement of a lymphocyte to cross a high endothelial venule in response to an external stimulus. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15122201]


Tolerance induction of natural killer cells. [GOC:jal, PMID:16546094]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system whose objective is to provide calibrated responses by an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat, over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process. [GOC:add, GOC:dph]


immune cell differentiation
leukocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a leukocyte. A leukocyte is an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. [CL:0000738, GOC:add, PMID:16551264]


leucocyte trafficking during immune response

immune cell trafficking during immune response

immune cell migration during immune response

leucocyte migration during immune response

leukocyte trafficking during immune response

leukocyte migration involved in immune response

The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body as part of an immune response. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:14680625, PMID:14708592, PMID:7507411, PMID:8600538]


leukocyte migration during inflammatory response

leucocyte migration during inflammatory response

immune cell trafficking during inflammatory response

leukocyte trafficking during inflammatory response

leucocyte trafficking during inflammatory response

immune cell migration during inflammatory response


acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

An acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimuli such as heat or physical trauma. [GOC:jal, PMID:16459497, PMID:9073326]


Inflammation which comprises a rapid, short-lived, relatively uniform response to acute injury or antigenic challenge and is characterized by accumulations of fluid, plasma proteins, and granulocytic leukocytes. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response. [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


vasodilation during acute inflammatory response


regulation of vascular permeability during acute inflammatory response


regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade. [GOC:add]


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure during acute phase response

blood pressure regulation during acute phase response


regulation of heart contraction during acute phase response


production of cellular mediator of acute inflammation


production of reactive oxygen species during acute inflammatory response

respiratory burst involved in acute inflammatory response

oxidative burst during acute inflammatory response


Any process that activates Factor XII (Hageman factor). Factor XII is a protein synthesized by the liver that circulates in an inactive form until it encounters collagen or basement membrane or activated platelets (as occurs at the site of endothelial injury). Factor XII then undergoes a conformational change (becoming factor XIIa), exposing an active serine center that can subsequently cleave protein substrates and activate a variety of mediator systems. Factor XII is a participant in the clotting cascade as well as the kinin cascade. [GOC:jal, ISBN:0721601871]


activation of blood coagulation via clotting cascade

Any process that initiates the clotting cascade of blood coagulation, a cascade of plasma enzymes that is triggered following damage to blood vessels, leading to formation of a clot. [GOC:jal, ISBN:0781735149]


Inflammation of prolonged duration (weeks or months) in which active inflammation, tissue destruction, and attempts at repair are proceeding simultaneously. Although it may follow acute inflammation, chronic inflammation frequently begins insidiously, as a low-grade, smoldering, often asymptomatic response. [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:jal, ISBN:0781735149]


chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

A chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus such as heat or physical trauma. [GOC:jal]


down regulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade

negative regulation of glandular kallikrein-kinin cascade

down-regulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade

downregulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade

negative regulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade. [GOC:add]


up-regulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade

positive regulation of glandular kallikrein-kinin cascade

upregulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade

up regulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade

positive regulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade. [GOC:add]


down-regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade

downregulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade

down regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade

negative regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade. [GOC:add]


up regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade

upregulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade

up-regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade

positive regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade. [GOC:add]


The movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus. [GOC:add, PMID:11292027, PMID:12789214, PMID:16448392]


The regulated release of serotonin by a mast cell or group of mast cells. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


The regulated release of histamine by a mast cell or group of mast cells. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


The regulated release of serotonin by a platelet or group of platelets. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


The regulated release of histamine by a platelet or group of platelets. [GOC:add, PMID:9117517]


The regulated release of serotonin by a basophil or group of basophils. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


The regulated release of histamine by a basophil or group of basophils. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


aromatic hydrocarbon biosynthetic process


small protein conjugating enzyme activity

small conjugating protein ligase activity


regulation of cytolysis of host cells by symbiont

hemolysis by symbiont of host red blood cells

hemolysis by symbiont of host erythrocytes

The cytolytic destruction of red blood cells, with the release of intracellular hemoglobin, in the host organism by a symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:add, UniProtKB-KW:KW-0354]


endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I

antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15771591]


antigen presentation, endogenous peptide antigen


exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II

antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15771591]


protein-ligand-dependent protein catabolic process


evasion or tolerance of host immune response


The formation of the prechordal plate. The prechordal plate is a thickening of the endoderm at the cranial end of the primitive streak formed by the involution of Spemann's organizer cells. The prechordal plate and the notochord induce the formation of the neural plate from the overlying ectodermal cells. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


The process in which the lateral borders of the neural plate begin to migrate upwards to form the neural folds, caused by the proliferation of the underlying mesoderm. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, PMID:15806586]


The morphogenesis of the neural fold elevations that results in the movement of the tips of the elevations towards each other in order to fuse. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, PMID:15806586]


The formation of the median and lateral hinge points in the neural folds. These are created by apical constriction and basal expansion of the underlying neural cells. The median hinge point extends for the entire length of the neural tube, and the lateral hinge points do not form in the spinal cord region of the neural tube. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, PMID:13679871, PMID:15806586]


The process of folding the neuroepithelium around the medial hinge point to create the neural elevations, and around the lateral hinge points to produce convergence of the folds. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, PMID:13679871, PMID:15806586]


The joining together of the neural folds of the rostral opening of the neural tube. The anterior neuropore appears before the process of neural tube closure is complete. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


The joining together of the neural folds of the caudal opening of the neural tube. The posterior neuropore appears before the process of neural tube closure is complete. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


The formation of a ventral region of glial cells in the neural tube that provides inductive signals for the specification of neuronal cell types. The floor plate is evident at the ventral midline by the neural fold stage. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, PMID:11262869]


The formation of a single row of glia at the dorsal midline of the developing neural tube. This region provides inductive signals for the specification of neuronal cell types and of the specification of neural crest cells. The cells comprising the roof plate are the precursors to radial glial cells. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, PMID:15936325]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spinal cord primarily conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses between the brain and the peripheral nervous tissues. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


The regionalization process that regulates the coordinated growth and establishes the non-random spatial arrangement of the spinal cord. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


spinal cord anterior-posterior patterning

spinal cord anterior/posterior patterning

The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random anterior-posterior spatial arrangement of the spinal cord. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


spinal cord dorsal-ventral patterning
spinal cord dorsoventral patterning

The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random dorsal-ventral spatial arrangement of the spinal cord. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


ventral spinal cord interneuron differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of ventral spinal cord interneurons. Ventral spinal cord interneurons are cells located in the ventral portion of the spinal cord that transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons and are required for reflexive responses. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, PMID:11262869]


The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the spinal cord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, PMID:11262869]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal region of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The dorsal region of the mature spinal cord contains neurons that process and relay sensory input. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, PMID:11179871]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral region of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neurons of the ventral region of the mature spinal cord participate in motor output. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


spinal cord commissural neuron specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a commissural neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


spinal cord association neuron specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an association neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


spinal cord motor neuron cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a motor neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


ventral spinal cord interneuron specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a ventral spinal cord interneuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


spinal cord motor neuron differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of motor neurons. Motor neurons innervate an effector (muscle or glandular) tissue and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, PMID:11262869]


The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of somatic motor neurons. Somatic motor neurons innervate skeletal muscle targets and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, PMID:11262869]


The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of visceral motor neurons. Visceral motor neurons innervate glandular targets and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, PMID:11262869]


lateral motor column neuron differentiation

The process in which differentiating motor neurons in the neural tube acquire the specialized structural and/or functional features of lateral motor column neurons. Lateral motor column neurons are generated only on limb levels and send axons into the limb mesenchyme. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, PMID:11262869]


medial motor column neuron differentiation

The process in which differentiating motor neurons in the neural tube acquire the specialized structural and/or functional features of medial motor column neurons. Medial motor column neurons are generated at all rostrocaudal levels and send axons to the axial muscles (medial group) and to the body wall muscles (lateral group). Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, PMID:11262869]


spinal cord dorsal interneuron differentiation

spinal cord association neuron differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of association neurons. Association neurons are cells located in the dorsal portion of the spinal cord that integrate sensory input. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, PMID:11262869]


commissural neuron differentiation in spinal cord

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of commissural neurons. Commissural neurons in both vertebrates and invertebrates transfer information from one side of their bodies to the other through the midline. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, PMID:11262869]


spinal cord oligodendrocyte cell differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of oligodendrocytes. Oligodendrocytes are non-neuronal cells. The primary function of oligodendrocytes is the myelination of nerve axons in the central nervous system. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


spinal cord oligodendrocyte cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oligodendrocyte in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


radial glial cell differentiation in spinal cord

spinal cord radial glial cell differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of radial glial cells. Radial cell precursors differentiate into both neuronal cell types and mature radial glial cells. Mature radial glial cells regulate the axon growth and pathfinding processes that occur during white matter patterning of the developing spinal cord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, PMID:16185248]


The regionalization process that regulates the coordinated growth that establishes the non-random spatial arrangement of the neural tube. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cells of the hindbrain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the hindbrain. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


The orderly movement of a cell that will reside in the hindbrain. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the diencephalon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The diencephalon is the paired caudal parts of the prosencephalon from which the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus are derived; these regions regulate autonomic, visceral and endocrine function, and process information directed to the cerebral cortex. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the telencephalon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The telencephalon is the paired anteriolateral division of the prosencephalon plus the lamina terminalis from which the olfactory lobes, cerebral cortex, and subcortical nuclei are derived. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, PMID:12626695]


The progression of the epithalamus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The epithalamus is the small dorsomedial area of the thalamus including the habenular nuclei and associated fiber bundles, the pineal body, and the epithelial roof of the third ventricle. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the subthalamus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The subthalamus is the anterior part of the diencephalon that lies between the thalamus, hypothalamus, and tegmentum of the mesencephalon, including subthalamic nucleus, zona incerta, the fields of Forel, and the nucleus of ansa lenticularis. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the corpus callosum are generated and organized. The corpus callosum is a thick bundle of nerve fibers comprising a commissural plate connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. It consists of contralateral axon projections that provides communications between the right and left cerebral hemispheres. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ammon gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ammon gyrus, often subdivided into the CA1 and CA3 regions, is one of the two interlocking gyri of the hippocampus that is rich in large pyramidal neurons. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dentate gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The dentate gyrus is one of two interlocking gyri of the hippocampus. It contains granule cells, which project to the pyramidal cells and interneurons of the CA3 region of the ammon gyrus. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pallium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pallium is the roof region of the telencephalon. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, PMID:12626695]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the subpallium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The subpallium is the base region of the telencephalon. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, PMID:12626695]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cranial nerves over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the rhombomere over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The regionalization process that gives rise to the midbrain-hindbrain boundary. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:jid, PMID:15541513]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pons over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. In mice, the cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the medulla oblongata over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process in which the anatomical structure of the central nervous system is generated and organized. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0582227089]


midbrain-hindbrain boundary structural organisation

midbrain-hindbrain boundary structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary structure. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, PMID:15541513]


CN 1 development
cranial nerve I development
cranial nerve 1 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the olfactory nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


cranial nerve II development
CN II development
cranial nerve 2 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the optic nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process in which the anatomical structure of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary is generated and organized. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, PMID:15541513]


The process that gives rise to the central nervous system. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0582227089]


CN III development
cranial nerve III development
cranial nerve 3 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the oculomotor nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


cranial nerve IV development
CN IV development
cranial nerve 4 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trochlear nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


cranial nerve V development
CN V development
cranial nerve 5 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trigeminal nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


cranial nerve 6 development
cranial nerve VI development
CN VI development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the abducens nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


cranial nerve VII development
cranial nerve 7 development
CN VII development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the facial nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives off nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


acoustic nerve development
cranial nerve VIII development
CN VIII development
cranial nerve 8 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vestibulocochlear nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


cranial nerve 9 development
CN IX development
cranial nerve IX development

Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


cranial nerve X development
cranial nerve 10 development
CN X development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vagus nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


CN XI development
spinal accessory nerve development
cranial nerve 11 development
cranial nerve XI development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the accessory nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mice, the spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


CN XII development
cranial nerve 12 development
cranial nerve XII development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hypoglossal nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 1 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 2 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 3 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 4 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 5 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 6 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 7 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 8 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


The process in which the anatomical structure of the hindbrain is generated and organized. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process that gives rise to the hindbrain. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the hindbrain. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the hindbrain to attain its fully functional state. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process in which the anatomical structure of the medulla oblongata is generated and organized. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process that gives rise to the medulla oblongata. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


medulla oblongata structural organisation

medulla oblongata structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the medulla oblongata. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the medulla oblongata to attain its fully functional state. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process in which the anatomical structure of the pons is generated and organized. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process that gives rise to the pons. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the pons. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the pons to attain its fully functional state. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellum is generated and organized. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process that gives rise to the cerebellum. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellum. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellum to attain its fully functional state. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain ventricular system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The brain ventricular system consists of four communicating cavities within the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord. These cavities include two lateral ventricles, the third ventricle and the fourth ventricle. Cerebrospinal fluid fills the ventricles and is produced by the choroid plexus. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fourth ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fourth ventricle is an irregularly shaped cavity in the rhombencephalon, between the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the isthmus in front, and the cerebellum behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the cerebral aqueduct above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the subarachnoid space. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process in which the anatomical structure of the rhombomere is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process that gives rise to the rhombomere. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the rhombomere structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


central nervous system structural organisation

central nervous system structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the central nervous system structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0582227089]


The process in which the anatomical structure of the abducens nerve is generated and organized. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process that gives rise to the abducens nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


CN VI structural organization
abducens nerve structural organisation

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the abducens nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the abducens nerve to attain its fully functional state. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process in which the anatomical structure of the cranial nerves are generated and organized. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process that gives rise to the cranial nerves. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cranial nerves. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cranial nerve to attain its fully functional state. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the accessory nerve to attain its fully functional state. The spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process in which the anatomical structure of the accessory nerve is generated and organized. The spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process that gives rise to the accessory nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


CN XI structural organization
accessory nerve structural organisation

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the accessory nerve This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process in which the anatomical structure of the facial nerve is generated and organized. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


CN VII formation
vestibulocochlear nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the facial nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


vestibulocochlear nerve structural organisation

vestibulocochlear nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the facial nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the facial nerve to attain its fully functional state. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the glossopharyngeal nerve to attain its fully functional state. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process in which the anatomical structure of the glossopharyngeal nerve is generated and organized. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process that gives rise to the glossopharyngeal nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


glossopharyngeal nerve structural organisation

glossopharyngeal nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the glossopharyngeal nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process in which the anatomical structure of the hypoglossal nerve is generated and organized. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the hypoglossal nerve to attain its fully functional state. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process that gives rise to the hypoglossal nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


hypoglossal nerve structural organisation

hypoglossal nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the hypoglossal nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process in which the anatomical structure of the oculomotor nerve is generated and organized. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process that gives rise to the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


oculomotor nerve structural organisation

oculomotor nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the oculomotor nerve to attain its fully functional state. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the central nervous system to attain its fully functional state. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0582227089]


The process in which the anatomical structure of the olfactory nerve is generated and organized. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process that gives rise to the olfactory nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


CN I structural organization
olfactory nerve structural organisation

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the olfactory nerve to attain its fully functional state. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


The process in which the anatomical structure of the optic nerve is generated and organized. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the optic nerve to attain its fully functional state. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


optic nerve structural organisation
CN II structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the optic nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process that gives rise to the optic nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the trigeminal nerve to attain its fully functional state. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process in which the anatomical structure of the trigeminal nerve is generated and organized. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


trigeminal nerve structural organisation

trigeminal nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process that gives rise to the trigeminal nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process in which the anatomical structure of the trochlear nerve is generated and organized. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the trochlear nerve to attain its fully functional state. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


CN IV structural organization
trochlear nerve structural organisation

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the trochlear nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process that gives rise to the trochlear nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the vagus nerve to attain its fully functional state. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process in which the anatomical structure of the vagus nerve is generated and organized. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


vagus nerve structural organisation
CN X structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the vagus nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process that gives rise to the vagus nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


CN VIII maturation
auditory nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the vestibulocochlear nerve to attain its fully functional state. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process in which the anatomical structure of the vestibulocochlear nerve is generated and organized. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 1 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]