positive regulation of AKT signaling cascade

positive regulation of PKB signaling cascade

positive regulation of protein kinase B signalling cascade

upregulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade

up regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade

positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade

positive regulation of PKB signalling cascade

positive regulation of AKT signalling cascade

up-regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase B signaling, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B. [GOC:ai]


plus-end F-actin uncapping
barbed-end F-actin uncapping
plus-end actin filament uncapping
plus end F-actin uncapping
plus end actin filament uncapping
barbed end actin filament uncapping
barbed end F-actin uncapping

The removal of capping protein from the barbed (or plus) end of actin filaments to free the ends for addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits. [GOC:pf]


regulation of generation of precursor metabolites and energy

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and the processes involved in the liberation of energy from these substances. [GOC:jl]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nose over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity). [GOC:jl]


The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuron regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. [GOC:dph]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. [GOC:dph]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]


collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury

The process in which outgrowths develop from the axons of intact undamaged neurons as a result of injury to an axon. The collateral sprouts typically appear from undamaged axons in a tissue which has had part of its nerve supply removed, and they can often innervate successfully any cells that have lost some or all of their original synaptic input. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


down-regulation of axon regeneration
down regulation of axon regeneration
downregulation of axon regeneration

negative regulation of axon regeneration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon regeneration. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]


regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting of an injured axon. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]


up regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon

up-regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon

upregulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon

positive regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of collateral sprouting of an injured axon. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]


downregulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon

down regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon

down-regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon

negative regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting of an injured axon. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]


upregulation of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury

up regulation of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury

up-regulation of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury

positive regulation of collateral sprouting in absence of injury

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]


embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the cranial skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. [GOC:dsf, GOC:jid, PMID:16049113]


chitin- and beta-glucan-containing cell wall polysaccharide biosynthetic process

fungal-type cell wall polysaccharide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the polysaccharides which make up the fungal-type cell wall. [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_sensu]


negative regulation of cytoplasmic release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+)

negative regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytoplasm

negative regulation of cytoplasmic release of sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)

negative regulation of release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+) into cytoplasm


negative regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) retention

negative regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) sequestering

negative regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) sequestration

downregulation of sequestering of calcium ion

down-regulation of sequestering of calcium ion

negative regulation of retention of calcium ion (Ca2+)

negative regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) storage

down regulation of sequestering of calcium ion

negative regulation of sequestering of calcium ion (Ca2+)

negative regulation of storage of calcium ion (Ca2+)

negative regulation of sequestration of calcium ion (Ca2+)

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system. [GOC:ai]


Binding to a cluster of atoms including both metal ions and nonmetal atoms, usually sulfur and oxygen. Examples include iron-sulfur clusters and nickel-iron-sulfur clusters. [GOC:jsg]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aurones, a series of yellow plant pigments. [GOC:ai, PMID:20035037]


coenzyme Q6 metabolism
coenzyme Q6 metabolic process
ubiquinone-6 metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ubiquinone-6. Ubiquinone-6 is a ubiquinone compound having a (2E,6E,10E,14E,18E)-3,7,11,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaen-1-yl substituent at position 2. [GOC:al, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:1409592]


The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation by meiosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle]


filamin-, actinin- and telethonin-binding protein of the Z-disc of striated muscle

Binding to a member of the FATZ family of proteins, filamin-, actinin-, and telethonin-binding proteins of the Z-disc of striated muscle. FATZ proteins are located in the Z-disc of the sarcomere and are involved in a complex network of interactions with other Z-band components. [PMID:10984498, PMID:11699871]


Binding to a receptor for a peptide hormone. [GOC:ai]


The series of events in which a glucose stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. [GOC:ai]


polynucleotide 5'-hydroxyl kinase (phosphorylating) activity

5'-hydroxyl polynucleotide kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + 5'-dephosphopolynucleotide = NDP + 5'-phosphopolynucleotide. The polynucleotide may be DNA or RNA. [GOC:curators]


down-regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation

down regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation

downregulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation

negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation. [GOC:vp, PMID:15139015]


The process in which the anatomical structures of labrum are generated and organized. [GOC:rc]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior cibarial plate are generated and organized. [GOC:rc]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the epistomal sclerite are generated and organized. [GOC:rc]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an appendage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch. [GOC:jid, GOC:rc]


nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide binding

Binding to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; binding may be to either the oxidized form, NAD+, or the reduced form, NADH. [GOC:ai]


down regulation of cell projection organization

downregulation of cell projection organization

negative regulation of cell projection organisation

negative regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis

inhibition of cell projection organization

down-regulation of cell projection organization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. [GOC:mah]


intrinsic component of thylakoid membrane

The component of the thylakoid membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


The creation of two or more plastids by division of one plastid. A plastid is any member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. [GOC:jl]


regulation of lateral plate mesodermal cell fate specification

regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate specification. [GOC:jid]


The alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate (spindle equator), a plane halfway between the poles of the spindle. [GOC:ai]


ligase activator
up regulation of ligase activity
upregulation of ligase activity
up-regulation of ligase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ligase activity, the catalysis of the ligation of two substances with concomitant breaking of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of a molecule(s) produced by an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:cc]


up regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development

upregulation of skeletal muscle fiber development

up-regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development

positive regulation of skeletal muscle fibre development

positive regulation of skeletal myofibre development

positive regulation of skeletal myofiber development

positive regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm, GOC:mtg_muscle]


negative regulation of skeletal muscle fibre development

down regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development

negative regulation of skeletal myofiber development

down-regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development

negative regulation of skeletal myofibre development

downregulation of skeletal muscle fiber development

negative regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm, GOC:mtg_muscle]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The compound eye is an organ of sight that contains multiple repeating units, often arranged hexagonally. Each unit has its own lens and photoreceptor cell(s) and can generate either a single pixelated image or multiple images, per eye. [GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_sensu, Wikipedia:Eye]


embryonic semicircular canal morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the semicircular canals are generated and organized. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in a nerve are generated and organized. This term refers to an anatomical structure (nerve) not a cell (neuron). [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


The cell cycle process in which paired chromosomes are detached from each other. Chromosome separation begins with the release of cohesin complexes from chromosomes; in budding yeast, this includes the cleavage of cohesin complexes along the chromosome arms, followed by the separation of the centromeric regions. Chromosome separation also includes formation of chromatid axes mediated by condensins, and ends with the disentangling of inter-sister catenation catalyzed by topoisomerase II (topo II). [GOC:ai, GOC:lb, GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_cell_cycle, PMID:20352243]


chromosome migration to spindle pole
chromosome movement to spindle pole

chromosome movement towards spindle pole

The directed movement of chromosomes in the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes. [GOC:ai]


down regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation

downregulation of histone H3-K9 methylation

down-regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation

negative regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 9 of histone H3. [GOC:ai]


negative regulation of neurotransmitter import

down regulation of neurotransmitter uptake

down-regulation of neurotransmitter uptake

downregulation of neurotransmitter uptake

negative regulation of neurotransmitter uptake

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into a neuron or glial cell. [GOC:ai]


down-regulation of protein ubiquitination

downregulation of protein ubiquitination

down regulation of protein ubiquitination

negative regulation of protein ubiquitination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein. [GOC:mah]


positive regulation of acetylcholine import

positive regulation of acetylcholine uptake

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of acetylcholine into a cell. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of a vesicle to a specific location. [GOC:ai]


The process in which a new plantlet develops from a meristem on the plant body. As part of this process, when the plantlet is large enough to live independently, the physical connection between the new plantlet and the main plant is severed. [GOC:go_curators]


The process in which individuals that have the potential to develop any of several possible distinct developmental paths have their individual developmental fates determined in response to environmental and/or genetic cues. [GOC:jid]


The process in which individuals, having the potential to develop any of several distinct developmental paths, have their individual developmental fate determined in response to environmental and/or genetic cues. Individuals with distinct developmental fates perform different functions in a colony of social insects. [GOC:jid]


caste determination, influence by genetic factors

The process in which individuals, having the potential to develop any of several distinct developmental paths, have their individual developmental fate determined in response to genetic cues. Individuals with distinct developmental fates perform different functions in a colony of social insects. [GOC:jid]


caste determination, influence by environmental factors

The process in which individuals, having the potential to develop any of several distinct developmental paths, have their individual developmental fate determined in response to environmental cues. Individuals with distinct developmental fates perform different functions in a colony of social insects. [GOC:jid]


polyphenic determination, influence by environmental factors

The process in which individuals that have the potential to develop any of several possible distinct developmental paths have their individual developmental fates determined in response to environmental cues. [GOC:jid]


tapetal layer morphogenesis
tapetum morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the anther wall tapetum are generated and organized. The anther wall tapetum is a layer of cells that provides a source of nutrition for the pollen grains as they mature. [GOC:jid, GOC:sm, GOC:tb]


addition of ethanolamine phosphate to mannose of GPI precursor

CP2 ethanolamine phosphate transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ethanolamine phosphate to a mannose residue in the GPI lipid precursor. [PMID:15632136]


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + ergosterol = UDP + O-glucosyl-ergosterol. [GOC:ai, RHEA:61836]


regulation of unidimensional cell growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of unidimensional cell growth, the process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size in one [spatial] dimension or along one axis. [GOC:ai]


up regulation of monopolar cell growth
upregulation of monopolar cell growth
up-regulation of monopolar cell growth

positive regulation of monopolar cell growth

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monopolar cell growth, polarized growth from one end of a cell. [GOC:ai]


Any process that stops the active process of bipolar cell growth, polarized growth from one end of a cell. [GOC:ai]


cell growth mode switching, monopolar to bipolar

The process in which a cell switches from monopolar cell growth to bipolar cell growth. [GOC:ai]


translocation of molecules into symbiont

The directed movement of molecule(s) produced by an organism to a location inside the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:cc]


downregulation of anagen
down-regulation of anagen
down regulation of anagen


regulation of cardioblast differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. [GOC:ai]


inhibition of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake

Any process that prevents the activation of the directed movement of serotonin into a cell. [GOC:ai]


establishment of mitochondria localization

establishment of mitochondrion localisation

establishment of mitochondrion localization

The directed movement of the mitochondrion to a specific location. [GOC:ai]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing 2,1- and 2,6-linked beta-D-fructofuranose residues in fructans. [EC:3.2.1.80]


minus-end actin filament capping activity

The binding of a protein or protein complex to the pointed (or minus) end of an actin filament, thus preventing the addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits. [ISBN:071673706X]


up regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration

upregulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration

up-regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration

positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels. [GOC:go_curators]


Binding to thyrotropin-releasing hormone, a tripeptide hormone that stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin by the anterior pituitary and it is produced by the hypothalamus and travels across the median eminence to the pituitary via the pituitary portal system. [GOC:ai]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pinocytosis. Pinocytosis is the process in which cells take in liquid material from their external environment; literally 'cell drinking'. Liquid is enclosed in vesicles, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane. These vesicles then move into the cell and pass their contents to endosomes. [GOC:go_curators]


The process pertaining to the initial formation of an animal organ from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure, such as inductive events, and ends when the structural rudiment of the organ is recognizable, such as a condensation of mesenchymal cells into the organ rudiment. Organs are a natural part or structure in an animal or a plant, capable of performing some special action (termed its function), which is essential to the life or well-being of the whole. The heart and lungs are organs of animals, and the petal and leaf are organs of plants. In animals the organs are generally made up of several tissues, one of which usually predominates, and determines the principal function of the organ. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


The multiplication or reproduction of smooth muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. [CL:0000192, GOC:ebc, PMID:1840698]


neuron lineage restriction
neuronal lineage restriction

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron. [GOC:dph]


collateral sprouting in absence of injury

The process in which outgrowths develop from the axons of intact undamaged neurons. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]


down regulation of collateral sprouting
down-regulation of collateral sprouting
downregulation of collateral sprouting

negative regulation of collateral sprouting

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]


downregulation of sprouting of injured axon

down-regulation of sprouting of injured axon

down regulation of sprouting of injured axon

negative regulation of sprouting of injured axon

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting of an injured axon. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]


regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)

regulation of release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+)


positive regulation of release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+) into cytosol

up regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol

positive regulation of cytosolic release of sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)

up-regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol

upregulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol

positive regulation of cytosolic release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+)

positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria. [GOC:ai]


positive regulation of cytoplasmic release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+)

positive regulation of cytoplasmic release of sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)

positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytoplasm

positive regulation of release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+) into cytoplasm


3 Fe 4 S cluster binding
iron-sulphur cluster 3Fe-4S binding
triiron tetrasulfide cluster binding
3 iron, 4 sulphur cluster binding
triiron tetrasulphide cluster binding
iron-sulfur cluster 3Fe-4S binding
3Fe-4S cluster binding

Binding to a 3 iron, 4 sulfur (3Fe-4S) cluster; this cluster consists of three iron atoms, with the inorganic sulfur atoms found between the irons and acting as bridging ligands. It is essentially a 4Fe-4S cluster with one iron missing. [GOC:ai, PMID:15952888, Wikipedia:Iron-sulfur_cluster]


down-regulation of keratinocyte migration

downregulation of keratinocyte migration

down regulation of keratinocyte migration

negative regulation of keratinocyte migration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte migration. [GOC:ai]


calcium ion homeostasis in mitochondrion

regulation of calcium ion concentration in mitochondrion

regulation of calcium ion concentration in mitochondria

regulation of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration

mitochondrial calcium ion concentration regulation

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the cytoplasm of a cell or between mitochondria and their surroundings. [GOC:ai, GOC:mah]


histone H3K4me
histone lysine H3 K4 methylation
histone H3 K4 methylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 4 of the histone. [GOC:ai, GOC:pr]


actin gel biosynthesis
actin gel formation

The assembly of a network of actin filaments; actin filaments on different axes and with differing orientations are crosslinked together to form a mesh of filaments. [GOC:ai]


minus end F-actin uncapping
minus-end actin filament uncapping
pointed end F-actin uncapping
pointed-end F-actin uncapping
minus-end F-actin uncapping
pointed end actin filament uncapping
minus end actin filament uncapping

The removal of capping protein from the pointed (or minus) end of actin filaments to free the ends for addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits. [GOC:pf]


A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms of different species grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription. [GOC:cc, GOC:di, GOC:tb]


The set of specific processes that allow an organism to detect the presence of its host via physical or chemical signals. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:cc]


adhesion to other organism involved in symbiotic interaction

The attachment of a symbiont to its host via either adhesion molecules, general stickiness, or other mechanisms. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:bf, GOC:cc, GOC:dos, GOC:jl]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the skeleton are generated and organized. [GOC:dph, GOC:dsf, GOC:jid, GOC:tb]


The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:dph, GOC:dsf, GOC:jid, GOC:tb, PMID:16049113]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation. [GOC:vp, PMID:15139015]


upregulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation

up-regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation

up regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation

positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation. [GOC:vp, PMID:15139015]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epistomal sclerite over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:rc]


skeletal myofiber development
skeletal myofibre development
skeletal muscle fibre development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast. [GOC:dph, GOC:ef, GOC:jid, GOC:lm, GOC:mtg_muscle]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavonols, a member of a class of vascular pigments formed by consecutive oxidative processes from the flavonoid intermediates flavanones and dihydroflavonols. Flavonols are the most widespread of the flavonoids and have a wide array of physiological activities. [PMID:11402179]


elevation of calcium ion concentration in mitochondrion

elevation of calcium ion concentration in mitochondria

elevation of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration

mitochondrial calcium ion concentration elevation

positive regulation of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration

Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in mitochondria. [GOC:ai]


reduction of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration

reduction of calcium ion concentration in mitochondrion

reduction of calcium ion concentration in mitochondria

mitochondrial calcium ion concentration reduction

negative regulation of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration

Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in mitochondria. [GOC:ai]


elevation of smooth ER calcium ion concentration

elevation of calcium ion concentration in smooth endoplasmic reticulum

elevation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration

smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration elevation

positive regulation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration

Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. [GOC:ai]


Binding to a small monomeric GTPase. [GOC:mah, PMID:27218782]


Binding to a kinetochore, a proteinaceous structure on a condensed chromosome, beside the centromere, to which the spindle fibers are attached. [GOC:jl]


regulation of myeloid cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


regulation of post-embryonic development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. [GOC:jid]


negative regulation of transferase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor. [GOC:ai]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of the R8 photoreceptor. [PMID:11880339]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of the R7 photoreceptor. [PMID:11880339]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the compound eye corneal lens are generated and organized. [GOC:jid]


The replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized. [GOC:ai]


The process in which duplicated centrosome components move away from each other. The centriole pair within each centrosome becomes part of a separate microtubule organizing center that nucleates a radial array of microtubules called an aster. The two asters move to opposite sides of the nucleus to form the two poles of the mitotic spindle. [GOC:ai]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 4 of histone H3. [GOC:ai]


Catalysis of the beta-elimination of the 5' deoxyribose-5-phosphate at an abasic site in DNA where a DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase has already cleaved the C-O-P bond 3' to the apurinic or apyrimidinic site. [PMID:11251121, PMID:16120966]


regulation of neurotransmitter import
regulation of neurotransmitter reuptake

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into a neuron or glial cell. [GOC:ai]


down-regulation of monopolar cell growth

down regulation of monopolar cell growth

negative regulation of monopolar cell growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monopolar cell growth, polarized growth from one end of a cell. [GOC:ai]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus. [GOC:ai]


epinephrine import
adrenaline reuptake
epinephrine reuptake
adrenaline uptake

The directed movement of epinephrine into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Epinephrine is a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine. [GOC:ai]


establishment and maintenance of actin cortical patch localization

Any process in which actin cortical patches are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. An actin cortical patch is a discrete actin-containing structure found just beneath the plasma membrane in fungal cells. [GOC:mah]


maintenance of endoplasmic reticulum localization

Any process in which the endoplasmic reticulum is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the posterior cibarial plate are generated and organized. [GOC:rc]


signal transduction involved in meiotic recombination checkpoint

meiotic recombination checkpoint signaling

A signaling process that contributes to a meiotic recombination checkpoint, that acts during late prophase I (pachytene) and prevents segregation of homologous chromosomes until recombination is completed, ensuring proper distribution of the genetic material to the gametes. [PMID:14718568]


regulation of endocytosis by exocyst localisation

regulation of site selection of endocytosis

regulation of endocytosis by exocyst localization

Any process in which an exocyst is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location that results in the modulation of endocytosis. An exocyst is a protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where vesicles dock and fuse. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


proteolysis during cellular protein catabolic process

proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process

peptidolysis during cellular protein catabolism

peptidolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process

proteolysis during cellular protein catabolism

peptidolysis involved in cellular protein catabolism

peptidolysis during cellular protein catabolic process

proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process

The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein as part of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by individual cells. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process that prevents the activation of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into a cell. [GOC:ai]


regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin into a cell. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of histamine into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Histamine is a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans. [GOC:ai]


ABC-type quaternary ammonium compound transporting activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + quaternary ammonium(out) = ADP + H(+) + phosphate + quaternary ammonium(in). [GOC:pz, RHEA:11036]


up regulation of mating type switching
upregulation of mating type switching
up-regulation of mating type switching

positive regulation of mating type switching

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mating type switching. [GOC:mah]


thermoception, sensory transduction of temperature stimulus

sensory transduction of thermal stimulus during thermoception

thermoception, sensory detection of temperature stimulus

sensory detection of thermal stimulus during thermoception

sensory detection of temperature stimulus during thermoception

thermoception, sensory detection of thermal stimulus

thermoception, sensory transduction of thermal stimulus

sensory transduction of temperature stimulus during thermoception

detection of temperature stimulus involved in thermoception

The series of events in which a temperature stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of thermoception. [GOC:ai, GOC:dos]


The cell cycle phase which begins after cytokinesis and ends when meiotic prophase begins. Meiotic cells have an interphase after each meiotic division, but only interphase I involves replication of the cell's DNA. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle]


downregulation of neurotransmitter transport

down-regulation of neurotransmitter transport

down regulation of neurotransmitter transport

negative regulation of neurotransmitter transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]


establishment and maintenance of spindle localization

Any process in which is the spindle is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. [GOC:ai]


hydrolase activator
up-regulation of hydrolase activity
upregulation of hydrolase activity
up regulation of hydrolase activity

positive regulation of hydrolase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds. [GOC:ai]


up regulation of oxidoreductase activity

up-regulation of oxidoreductase activity

positive regulation of oxidoreductase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. [GOC:ai]


positive regulation of histamine import
up-regulation of histamine uptake
up regulation of histamine uptake
upregulation of histamine uptake

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of histamine into a cell. [GOC:ai]


negative regulation of levarterenol uptake

down regulation of norepinephrine uptake

negative regulation of noradrenaline uptake

negative regulation of norepinephrine import

down-regulation of norepinephrine uptake

negative regulation of norepinephrine uptake

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell. [GOC:ai]


positive regulation of noradrenaline uptake

positive regulation of levarterenol uptake

positive regulation of norepinephrine import

positive regulation of norepinephrine uptake

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell. [GOC:ai]


regulation of adrenaline uptake
regulation of epinephrine import

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the neurotransmitter epinephrine into a cell. [GOC:ai]


The series of molecular signals that forms a pathway of communication from the mitochondria to the nucleus and initiates cellular changes in response to changes in mitochondrial function. [GOC:jh, PMID:15068799]


The regionalization process that subdivides the wing imaginal disc into the wing and notum (body wall) subfields, thus determining whether cells ultimately differentiate wing or notum-specific structures. [PMID:10860999]


formation of growth cone in injured axon

The formation of a growth cone in an injured axon. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]


establishment and maintenance of position in membrane

establishment and maintenance of localization in membrane

Any process in which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a membrane. [GOC:ai]


ATP-dependent RNA 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity

ATP-dependent polyribonucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity

ATP-dependent polyribonucleotide kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5'-dephospho-RNA = ADP + 5'-phospho-RNA. [EC:2.7.1.78]


Catalysis of the reaction: ent-7-alpha-hydroxykaurenoate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = gibberellin 12-aldehyde + NADP+ + 2 H2O. This is the second of three successive reactions resulting in the oxidation of ent-kaurenoate (ent-kaurenoic acid) to gibberellin 12 (GA12). [EC:1.14.13.79, MetaCyc:RXN1F-160]


regulation of pigmentation during development

regulation of developmental pigmentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:tb]


The decanoylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O3-decanoyl-L-threonine, typical of the protein ghrelin. [GOC:jsg, PMID:11546772, RESID:AA0387]


Binding to muscle isoforms of actinin. Muscle alpha-actinin isoforms are found in skeletal and cardiac muscle and are localized to the Z-disc. [PMID:10984498, PMID:11699871, PMID:15014165]


establishment and maintenance of plastid localization

Any process in which a plastid is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. [GOC:ai]


establishment and maintenance of nucleus localization

Any process in which the nucleus is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. [GOC:ai]


syncytial blastoderm cell cycle regulator


Catalysis of the transfer of a galactose residue from a donor molecule, such as GDP-galactose or UDP-galactose, to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->3) linkage. [GOC:hjd, PMID:10854427]


Binding to a calponin homology protein domain, a domain of 100 residues that occurs in signaling and cytoskeletal proteins. [PMID:11911887, Prosite:PDOC50021]


electron transporter, transferring electrons within cytochrome b6/f complex of photosystem II activity

Enables the directed movement of electrons within the cytochrome b6/f complex of photosystem II. [GOC:ai, ISBN:0716731363]


The modification of tRNA structure by addition of an acetyl group to tRNA. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid. [GOC:ai]


establishment of centrosome localisation

establishment of centrosome localization

The directed movement of the centrosome to a specific location. [GOC:ai]


establishment and maintenance of nuclear pore localization

Any process in which nuclear pores are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. [GOC:ai]


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 2,1-beta-D-fructosidic linkages in inulin. [EC:3.2.1.7]


Signaling at short range between cells of different ancestry and developmental potential that results in one cell or group of cells effecting a developmental change in the other. This is often done by secretion of proteins by one cell which affects the neighboring cells and causes them to adopt a certain fate. [GOC:mah]


The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


up regulation of protein modification
up-regulation of protein modification
upregulation of protein modification

positive regulation of protein modification process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein. [GOC:mah, GOC:tb]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients. [GOC:mah]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bone marrow over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate:inorganic phosphate antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(out) + phosphate(in) = glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(in) + phosphate(out). [GOC:ai]


isopanose metabolism
6-alpha-maltosylglucose metabolism
isopanose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 6-alpha-maltosylglucose, also known as isopanose. [GOC:ai, LIGAND:C03367, PubChem_Compound:439991]


establishment of Golgi body localization

establishment of Golgi apparatus localization

The directed movement of the Golgi to a specific location. [GOC:ai]


The removal of capping protein from the end of actin filaments to free the ends for addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits. [GOC:pf]


The function of absorbing and responding to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of approximately 730nm. The response may involve a change in conformation. [GOC:nln]


regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate determination. [GOC:dgh]


upregulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification

up regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification

up-regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification

positive regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate specification. [GOC:dgh]


down-regulation of exogen
down regulation of exogen
downregulation of exogen


cell-cell junction assembly and maintenance

intercellular junction assembly and maintenance

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-cell junction. A cell-cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah]


downregulation of proteolysis
negative regulation of peptidolysis
down-regulation of proteolysis
down regulation of proteolysis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. [GOC:go_curators]


positive regulation of peptidolysis
upregulation of proteolysis
up-regulation of proteolysis
up regulation of proteolysis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. [GOC:go_curators]


up-regulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity

upregulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity

up regulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity

positive regulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endo-(1->4)-beta-xylanase activity, the catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylosidic linkages in xylans. [EC:3.2.1.8, GOC:ai]


negative regulation of killing of cells of other organism

down regulation of killing of cells of another organism

down-regulation of killing of cells of another organism

downregulation of killing of cells of another organism

negative regulation of killing of cells of another organism

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the killing by an organism of cells in another organism. [GOC:ai]


cytolysis of cells of another organism
cytolysis in other organism

The killing by an organism of a cell in another organism by means of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm. [GOC:ai]


DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity, acting on CpG substrates

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + CpG (in DNA) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-MeCpG (in DNA). [EC:2.1.1.37, PMID:15689527]


DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity, acting on CpN substrates

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA containing CpN = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA containing 5-MeCpN. [EC:2.1.1.37, PMID:15689527]


DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity, acting on CpNpG substrates

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA containing CpNpG = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA containing 5-MeCpNpG. [EC:2.1.1.37, PMID:15689527]


protein phosphatase methylesterase activity


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the clypeus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The clypeus is the shield-shaped plate on an insect's head. [GOC:rc]


protein amino acid S-linked glycosylation

A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via a sulfur atom of a peptidyl-amino-acid such as cysteine or methionine. [GOC:ai, GOC:jsg, GOC:pr]


intrinsic component of cell outer membrane

The component of the cell outer membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu]


down regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination

downregulation of mesodermal cell fate determination

down-regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination

negative regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate determination. [GOC:dgh]


paraxial mesodermal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a paraxial mesoderm cell. [GOC:dgh]


up-regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination

upregulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination

up regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination

positive regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate determination. [GOC:dgh]


regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate specification. [GOC:dgh]


down-regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification

downregulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification

down regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification

negative regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate specification. [GOC:dgh]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alkane, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2, as carried out by individual cells. [GOC:jl, Wikipedia:Alkane]


The directed movement of substances from endosomes to pigment granules. [GOC:jl]


Stable, specialized structure for extrusion of waste by the cell into the surrounding medium. [PMID:10503189, PMID:23317460, PMID:27889663]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid bbeta-oxidation. [GOC:mah]


The directed movement of pyridoxal phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore; pyridoxal phosphate is pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, and is the active form of vitamin B6. [GOC:mah]


upregulation of transferase activity
transferase activator
up regulation of transferase activity
up-regulation of transferase activity

positive regulation of transferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor. [GOC:ai]


levarterenol uptake
norepinephrine reuptake
noradrenaline uptake
norepinephrine import
levarterenol reuptake
noradrenaline reuptake

The directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Norepinephrine (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-aminoethanol) is a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts of the CNS. It is also the biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine. [GOC:ai]


inhibition of adrenaline uptake
inhibition of epinephrine import

Any process that prevents the activation of the directed movement of epinephrine into a cell. [GOC:ai]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into a cell. [GOC:ai]


negative regulation of acetylcholine import

negative regulation of acetylcholine uptake

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of acetylcholine into a cell. [GOC:ai]


Any process that prevents the activation of the directed movement of acetylcholine into a cell. [GOC:ai]


up regulation of cytolysis of cells of another organism

upregulation of cytolysis of cells of another organism

positive regulation of cytolysis of cells of another organism

up-regulation of cytolysis of cells of another organism

positive regulation of cytolysis in other organism

positive regulation of cytolysis in another organism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cytolysis by an organism of cells in another organism. [GOC:ai]


conversion to meiosis
entry into meiosis
initiation of meiosis


The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire the specialized features of R2 and R5 photoreceptors. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:jid]


The developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism, tissue or cell. [ISBN:0582227089]


Binding to histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans. [GOC:ai]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mineralocorticoid stimulus. Mineralocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol and characterized by their similarity to aldosterone. Mineralocorticoids act primarily on water and electrolyte balance. [GOC:ai, PMID:9884123]


establishment and maintenance of ER localization

Any process in which endoplasmic reticulum is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. [GOC:ai]


establishment of intracellular localization

establishment of localization within cell


maintenance of intracellular localization


The chemical reactions and pathways involving auxin conjugates, a bound form of auxin. [GOC:sm]


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cd (cytosol) = ADP + phosphate + Cd (vacuole). [PMID:12455987]


corticoliberin binding
CRF binding
CRH binding
corticotropin-releasing factor binding

Binding to corticotropin-releasing hormone, a polypeptide hormone involved in the stress response. It is released by the hypothalamus and stimulates the release of corticotropin by the anterior pituitary gland. [PMID:7556876]


downregulation of myeloid cell differentiation

down regulation of myeloid cell differentiation

down-regulation of myeloid cell differentiation

negative regulation of myeloid cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


upregulation of myeloid cell differentiation

up regulation of myeloid cell differentiation

up-regulation of myeloid cell differentiation

positive regulation of myeloid cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


positive regulation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway

up-regulation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway

positive regulation of NGF receptor signalling pathway

positive regulation of NGF receptor signaling pathway

positive regulation of nerve growth factor receptor signalling pathway

up regulation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway

upregulation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway

positive regulation of neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway. [GOC:ai]


maintenance of mitochondrion localization

maintenance of mitochondria localization

Any process in which a mitochondrion is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


The directed movement of a plastid to a specific location in the cell. [GOC:ai]


signal transduction involved in intra-S DNA damage checkpoint

mitotic intra-S DNA damage checkpoint signaling

A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that slows DNA synthesis in response to DNA damage by the prevention of new origin firing and the stabilization of slow replication fork progression. [GOC:vw]


The regulatory subcomplex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosterone stimulus. Corticosterone is a 21 carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type, produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands. In many species, corticosterone is the principal glucocorticoid, involved in regulation of fuel metabolism, immune reactions, and stress responses. [PMID:15240347]


regulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endo-(1->4)-beta-xylanase activity, the catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylosidic linkages in xylans. [EC:3.2.1.8, GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving pullulan, a neutral linear polysaccharide composed of repeating units of maltotriose joined by alpha-(1,6)-linkages. [PMID:15013381]


cellular oligosaccharide degradation
cellular oligosaccharide catabolism
cellular oligosaccharide breakdown

cellular oligosaccharide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages, as carried out by individual cells. [GOC:ai]


The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire the specialized features of R3 and R4 photoreceptors. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:jid]


up-regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination

up regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination

upregulation of mesodermal cell fate determination

positive regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate determination. [GOC:dgh]


Steps involved in processing precursor RNAs arising from transcription of operons in the chloroplast genome into mature mRNAs. [GOC:tb, PMID:9648738]


positive regulation of progression through cell cycle

upregulation of progression through cell cycle

up regulation of progression through cell cycle

positive regulation of cell cycle progression

up-regulation of progression through cell cycle

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. [GOC:go_curators]


ATP-dependent polydeoxyribonucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity

ATP-dependent DNA 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5'-dephospho-DNA = ADP + 5'-phospho-DNA. [RHEA:15669]


ATP-dependent polynucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity

ATP-dependent polynucleotide kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5'-dephosphopolynucleotide = ADP + 5'-phosphopolynucleotide. The polynucleotide may be DNA or RNA. [RHEA:54580]


down regulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity

down-regulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity

downregulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity

negative regulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of endo-(1->4)-beta-xylanase activity, the catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylosidic linkages in xylans. [EC:3.2.1.8, GOC:ai]


Binding to a BH3 protein domain, present in Bcl-2 family members. The BH3 domain is a potent death domain and has an important role in protein-protein interactions and in cell death. [PMID:11048732, PMID:12133724, PMID:9020082, PMID:9704409, Prosite:PS01259]


biological process involved in interaction with host

An interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association. The term host is used for the larger (macro) of the two members of a symbiosis; the various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, commensalism and mutualism. [GOC:cc]


intracellular protein transport in other organism during symbiotic interaction


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. [GOC:bf, GOC:jl]


Binding to protein phosphatase 2A. [GOC:ai]


The volume enclosed by the membrane or protein that forms a vesicle. [GOC:mah, GOC:vesicles]


down-regulation of developmental growth
down regulation of developmental growth
downregulation of developmental growth

negative regulation of developmental growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth. [GOC:go_curators]


The process resulting in reformation of a growth cone by the tip of an injured axon, or in collateral sprouting of the axon. Collateral sprouting is the process in which outgrowths develop from the shafts of existing axons. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]


up regulation of axon regeneration
upregulation of axon regeneration
up-regulation of axon regeneration

positive regulation of axon regeneration

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of axon regeneration. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting of an injured axon. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]


regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate determination. [GOC:dgh]


paraxial mesodermal cell fate commitment

The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a paraxial mesoderm cell. [GOC:dgh]


paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a paraxial mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. [GOC:dgh]


sensory perception, sensory transduction of thermal stimulus

sensory detection of thermal stimulus during sensory perception

sensory detection of temperature stimulus during sensory perception

sensory perception, sensory detection of thermal stimulus

sensory transduction of thermal stimulus during sensory perception

sensory perception, sensory transduction of temperature stimulus

sensory transduction of temperature stimulus during sensory perception

sensory perception, sensory detection of temperature stimulus

detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception

The series of events in which a temperature stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception. [GOC:ai, GOC:dos]


GTP-dependent polyribonucleotide kinase activity

GTP-dependent RNA 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity

GTP-dependent polyribonucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 5'-dephospho-RNA = GDP + 5'-phospho-RNA. [EC:2.7.1.78, PMID:8428918]


The double lipid bilayer enclosing the mitochondrion and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space. [GOC:ai, GOC:pz]


downregulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation

down-regulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation

negative regulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation

down regulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation

negative regulation of protein autophosphorylation

Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues. [GOC:mah]


attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during meiotic chromosome segregation


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. [GOC:ai]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced. [GOC:ai]


regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

regulation of 3',5' cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

3',5' cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase regulator

regulation of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: nucleotide 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleotide 5'-phosphate. [EC:3.1.4.17, GOC:ai, GOC:tb]


Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein. [GOC:ai]


downregulation of histamine uptake
negative regulation of histamine import
down regulation of histamine uptake
down-regulation of histamine uptake

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of histamine into a cell. [GOC:ai]


cytosolic proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex location

The proteasome core subcomplex that constitutes the two outer rings of the cytosolic proteasome core complex. [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu]


establishment and maintenance of Golgi localization

Any process in which the Golgi is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. [GOC:ai]


perception of orientation with respect to gravity by proprioception

proprioception involved in equilibrioception

The series of events contributing to equilibrioception by which an organism senses the position, location, orientation, and movement of the body and its parts. Proprioception plays an important role in the ability of an organism to perceive its orientation with respect to gravity. [GOC:ai]


Any process that prevents the activation of the directed movement of histamine into a cell. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of acetylcholine into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues. [GOC:ai]


The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another. [GOC:go_curators]


establishment and maintenance of cell localization

establishment and maintenance of localization of cell

Any process in which a cell is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. [GOC:ai]


oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of NAD from one side of a membrane to the other. [GOC:TermGenie]


germline initiation of meiosis
germline conversion to meiosis
germline entry into meiosis


The modification of a protein amino acid by formation of an ester or amide with decanoic acid. [GOC:jsg]


The octanoylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O3-octanoyl-L-threonine, typical of the protein ghrelin. [GOC:jsg, PMID:11546772, RESID:AA0387]


Binding to epinephrine, a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine. [GOC:ai]


Binding to norepinephrine, (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-aminoethanol), a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts of the CNS. It is also the biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine. [GOC:ai]


kinetochore organisation
kinetochore organization and biogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the kinetochore, a multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects. [GOC:ai, PMID:9884123]


regulation of NGF receptor signaling pathway

regulation of nerve growth factor receptor signalling pathway

regulation of NGF receptor signalling pathway

regulation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway

regulation of neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway. [GOC:ai]


Binding to alpha-actinin, one of a family of proteins that cross-link F-actin as antiparallel homodimers. Alpha-actinin has a molecular mass of 93-103 KDa; at the N-terminus there are two calponin homology domains, at the C-terminus there are two EF-hands. These two domains are connected by the rod domain. This domain is formed by triple-helical spectrin repeats. [PMID:10984498, PMID:11699871, PMID:15014165]


regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of an organelle to a specific location. [GOC:ai]


The disruption of the membranes of another organism, leading to damage to its cells and possibly death of that organism. [GOC:ai]


extrinsic to external side of plasma membrane

extrinsic to external leaflet of plasma membrane

extrinsic component of external side of plasma membrane

The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its external surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


downregulation of cellular metabolic process

negative regulation of cellular metabolism

down-regulation of cellular metabolic process

down regulation of cellular metabolic process

negative regulation of cellular metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. [GOC:mah]


induction by virus of host apoptotic programmed cell death

activation of apoptosis in host by virus

activation by virus of host apoptotic programmed cell death

induction by virus of host apoptotic process

The set of viral processes that induce an apoptotic process in infected host cells, facilitating release and spread of progeny virions. [GOC:mtg_apoptosis, ISBN:0781718325]


spindle pole body-mediated microtubule nucleation

microtubule nucleation by spindle pole body

The 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, mediated by the spindle pole body. [GOC:ai]


pullulan 4-glucanohydrolase (isopanose-forming) activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of pullulan to isopanose (6-alpha-maltosylglucose). [EC:3.2.1.57]


isopanose biosynthetic process
isopanose biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 6-alpha-maltosylglucose, also known as isopanose. [GOC:ai]


Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl trans-3-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2. [GOC:mah]


up-regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination

up regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination

upregulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination

positive regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate determination. [GOC:dgh]


Binding to a receptor for a hormone. [GOC:ai]


corticotropin-releasing factor receptor binding

corticotropin releasing factor receptor binding

corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor binding

Binding to a receptor for corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a polypeptide hormone involved in the stress response. It is released by the hypothalamus and stimulates the release of corticotropin by the anterior pituitary gland. [GOC:ai]


type 1 corticotropin releasing factor receptor binding

type 1 corticotropin releasing factor receptor ligand

type 1 corticotropin-releasing factor receptor binding

corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 binding

Binding to a corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1). CRHR1 is the major subtype in the pituitary corticotroph, and mediates the stimulatory actions of corticotropin-releasing hormone on corticotropin hormone secretion. CRHR1 are also located in cortical areas of the brain, cerebellum and limbic system. [PMID:15134857]


Binding to a BH1 protein domain, present in Bcl-2 family members. Proteins that act as inhibitors of apoptosis harbour at least three BH domains: BH1, BH2 and BH3; the BH1 and BH2 domains are found in all death antagonists of the Bcl-2 family but only in one class of death agonists. [PMID:11048732, PMID:12133724, PMID:9020082, PMID:9704409, Prosite:PS01080]


Binding to a BH4 protein domain, present in Bcl-2 family members. All anti-apoptotic proteins contain BH1 and BH2 domains; some also contain an additional N-terminal BH4 domain, which is almost never seen in pro-apoptotic proteins. Loss of the BH4 domain can diminish or abrogate anti-apoptotic function or even impart outright death-promoting properties to the protein. [InterPro:IPR003093, PMID:11048732, PMID:12133724, PMID:9020082, PMID:9704409, Prosite:PS01260, Prosite:PS50063]


The breakage of covalent bonds to detach lipid groups from a protein. [GOC:ai]


down regulation of cytolysis of cells of another organism

negative regulation of cytolysis of cells of another organism

negative regulation of cytolysis in other organism

downregulation of cytolysis of cells of another organism

down-regulation of cytolysis of cells of another organism

negative regulation of cytolysis in another organism

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cytolysis of cells in another organism. [GOC:ai]


protein C-terminal methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: C-terminal protein amino acid methyl ester + H2O = protein amino acid + methanol. [PMID:10318862, PMID:8650216]


protein carboxyl methylesterase activity

protein carboxylic ester hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein amino acid methyl ester + H2O = protein amino acid + methanol. [GOC:ai]


The volume enclosed by the membrane of an early endosome. [GOC:mah]


The volume enclosed by a plastid thylakoid membrane. [GOC:mah]


Binding to a phosphatidylcholine, a glycophospholipid in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


positive regulation of pseudopodium formation

positive regulation of pseudopodium assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia. [GOC:pg]


intrinsic to mitochondrial inner membrane

intrinsic component of mitochondrial inner membrane

The component of the mitochondrial inner membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-end processing, any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an mRNA molecule. [GOC:mah]


attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during meiosis


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring. [GOC:ai]


regulation of 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity

regulation of cAMP phosphodiesterase activity


negative regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of serotonin into a cell. [GOC:ai]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the neurotransmitter histamine into a cell. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of glycine betaine, N-trimethylglycine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah]


down-regulation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway

downregulation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway

negative regulation of NGF receptor signaling pathway

negative regulation of NGF receptor signalling pathway

negative regulation of nerve growth factor receptor signalling pathway

negative regulation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway

down regulation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway

negative regulation of neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway. [GOC:ai]


inhibition of norepinephrine import
inhibition of levarterenol uptake
inhibition of noradrenaline uptake

Any process that prevents the activation of the directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell. [GOC:ai]


3',5' cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor

negative regulation of 3',5' cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

downregulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

negative regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

down-regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

down regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

negative regulation of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: nucleotide 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleotide 5'-phosphate. [GOC:ai, GOC:tb]


ligase inhibitor
down-regulation of ligase activity
downregulation of ligase activity
down regulation of ligase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of ligase activity, the catalysis of the ligation of two substances with concomitant breaking of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate. [GOC:ai]


peptidoglycan-protein cross-linking via L-alanyl-pentaglycyl-murein

The process of linking a protein to peptidoglycan via a carboxy terminal alanine carboxyl group through a pentaglycyl peptide to the lysine or diaminopimelic acid of the peptidoglycan. [PMID:8163519, PMID:9086265, RESID:AA0383]


establishment and maintenance of organelle localization

Any process in which an organelle is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. [GOC:ai]


establishment and maintenance of localization in cell or cell membrane

establishment and maintenance of cellular localization

A cellular localization process whereby a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a cell including the localization of substances or cellular entities to the cell membrane. [GOC:tb, GOC:vw]


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-methionine = 2,3-dimethyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-homocysteine. [MetaCyc:RXN-2542]


regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting of an intact axon as a result of injury to an axon. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the epidermis are generated and organized. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species. [GOC:jid, UBERON:0001003]


The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire the specialized features of R1 and R6 photoreceptors. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:jid]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corneal lens in the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The corneal lens is a chitinous extracellular secretion of the four underlying cone cells and the pigment cells. [GOC:jid]


The formylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins to form the derivative N-formylproline. [PMID:12051774, PMID:5464655, RESID:AA0384]


cellular response to potassium starvation

cellular response to potassium ion deprivation

cellular response to potassium ion starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of potassium ions. [GOC:sm]


The decanoylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O3-decanoyl-L-serine, typical of the protein ghrelin. [GOC:jsg, PMID:12630926, RESID:AA0385]


establishment and maintenance of centrosome localization

Any process in which a centrosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. [GOC:ai]


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + peptide(in) = ADP + phosphate + peptide(out). Peptides exported include alpha-hemolysin, cyclolysin, colicin V and siderophores from Gram-negative bacteria, and bacteriocin, subtilin, competence factor and pediocin from Gram-positive bacteria. [RHEA:14429]


The process in which voltage-gated ion channels become localized to distinct subcellular domains in the neuron. Specific targeting, clustering, and maintenance of these channels in their respective domains are essential to achieve high conduction velocities of action potential propagation. [PMID:11456440]


Binding to a Bcl-2 homology (BH) protein domain. Bcl-2-related proteins share homology in one to four conserved regions designated the Bcl-2 homology (BH) domains BH1, BH2, BH3 and BH4. These domains contribute at multiple levels to the function of these proteins in cell death and survival. Anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family have four BH domains (BH1-BH4). Pro-apoptotic members have fewer BH domains. [PMID:11048732, PMID:12133724, PMID:9020082, PMID:9704409]


neuronal cell programmed cell death by apoptosis

neuron programmed cell death by apoptosis

programmed cell death of neurons by apoptosis

programmed cell death of neuronal cells by apoptosis

Any apoptotic process in a neuron, the basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. [CL:0000540, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, MeSH:A.08.663]


establishment and maintenance of membrane raft localization

Any process in which membrane rafts are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. Membrane rafts are small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. [GOC:ai, PMID:16645198]


A network of membrane-bounded compartments found in blood platelets, where they regulate platelet activation by sequestering or releasing calcium. The dense tubular network exists as thin elongated membranes in resting platelets, and undergoes a major ultrastructural change, to a rounded vesicular form, upon addition of thrombin. [PMID:1322202]


The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an rRNA molecule. [GOC:mah]


The component of the plastid membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxylipin, any of a group of biologically active compounds formed by oxidative metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids. [GOC:mah, PMID:11960741]


upregulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane

positive regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to pre-synaptic membrane

up-regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane

positive regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane

up regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane

up regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle fusion to the presynaptic membrane. [GOC:mah]

up-regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane


up-regulation of behavior
upregulation of behavior
up regulation of behavior

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. [GOC:jid, GOC:pr]


negative regulation of metalloenzyme activity


dihydroxyacetone-phosphate:inorganic phosphate antiporter activity

glycerone phosphate:inorganic phosphate antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycerone phosphate(out) + phosphate(in) = glycerone phosphate(in) + phosphate(out). [GOC:ai]


Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of nitrogenous compounds which are dangerous or toxic. This includes the aerobic conversion of toxic compounds to harmless substances. [GOC:ai]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cortisone stimulus. Cortisone is a natural glucocorticoid steroid hormone that is metabolically convertible to cortisol. Cortisone is synthesized from cholesterol in the cortex of the adrenal gland under the stimulation of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH). The main physiological effect of cortisone is on carbohydrate metabolism; it can stimulate increased glucose release from the liver, increased liver glycogen synthesis, and decreased utilization of glucose by the tissues. [ISBN:0721662544, PMID:11276391]


response to hydrocortisone stimulus
response to cortisol stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cortisol stimulus. Cortisol is the major natural glucocorticoid synthesized in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex; it affects the metabolism of glucose, protein, and fats and has appreciable mineralocorticoid activity. It also regulates the immune system and affects many other functions. [ISBN:0721662544, PMID:11276391]


cytolysis, by membrane disruption, in other organism


isopanose catabolic process
isopanose catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-alpha-maltosylglucose, also known as isopanose. [GOC:ai]


establishment of endoplasmic reticulum localization

The directed movement of the endoplasmic reticulum to a specific location. [GOC:ai]


cellular oligosaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages, as carried out by individual cells. [GOC:ai]


downregulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination

down regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination

down-regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination

negative regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate determination. [GOC:dgh]


regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate specification. [GOC:dgh]


Catalysis of the reaction: L-saccharopine + O2 = L-2-aminoadipic 6-semialdehyde + L-glutamate + H2O2. [PMID:16233628]


Catalysis of the reaction: L-proline + O2 + H2O = L-delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + H2O2. [MetaCyc:RXN-821]


Catalysis of the reaction: fructosyl-amino acid + O2 = corresponding amino acid + glucosone + H2O2. [PMID:16233628]


intraspecies interaction with other organisms

biological process involved in intraspecies interaction between organisms

Any process in which an organism has an effect on an organism of the same species. [GOC:ai]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from another living organism. [GOC:ai]


inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate 3-phosphomonoesterase activity

inositol (1,3,4,5)-tetrakisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate + phosphate. [GOC:bf, MetaCyc:3.1.3.62-RXN]


The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the chromoplast envelope; also faces the chromoplast stroma. [GOC:pz]


Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithine + O2 + H+ = N5-hydroxy-L-ornithine + H2O. [MetaCyc:RXN-11128, PMID:12828635]


negative regulation of syncytial blastoderm cell cycle progression

negative regulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle

down regulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle

down-regulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle

downregulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle

negative regulation of syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]


down regulation of ubiquitin transferase activity

down-regulation of ubiquitin transferase activity

downregulation of ubiquitin transferase activity

negative regulation of ubiquitin transferase activity

negative regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin transferase activity. [GOC:ai, GOC:tb]


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-methionine = 2,3-dimethyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-homocysteine. [MetaCyc:RXN-2762]


red chlorophyll catabolite reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: red chlorophyll catabolite + reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+ = primary fluorescent catabolite + oxidized ferredoxin. This reaction is the reduction of the C20/C1 double bond in the pyrrole system of red chlorophyll catabolite (RCC) to a colorless tetrapyrrole (pFCC) with a strong blue fluorescence. [PMID:10743659]


integral to contractile vacuolar membrane

integral component of contractile vacuolar membrane

The component of the contractile vacuolar membrane consisting of gene products that have some part that penetrates at least one leaflet of the membrane bilayer. This component includes gene products that are buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. [GOC:dos, GOC:pg]


An organelle consisting of a proteinaceous coat and enzymes for the fixation of CO(2). It augments the concentration of CO(2) in the vicinity of RuBisCO to increase the efficiency of CO(2) fixation under atmospheric conditions. [GOC:js, PMID:28934381, PMID:8157606, PMID:8491708]


up-regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination

positive regulation of lateral plate mesodermal cell fate determination

up regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination

upregulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination

positive regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate determination. [GOC:jid]


up regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification

positive regulation of lateral plate mesodermal cell fate specification

upregulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification

up-regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification

positive regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate specification. [GOC:jid]


regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate specification. [GOC:dgh]


GnRH binding
gonadotrophin releasing hormone binding

Binding to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a peptide hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus. [GOC:pr, PMID:1984190]


GTP-dependent DNA 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity

GTP-dependent polydeoxyribonucleotide kinase activity

GTP-dependent polydeoxyribonucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 5'-dephospho-DNA = GDP + 5'-phospho-DNA. [EC:2.7.1.78, PMID:8428918]


3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a 8-vinyl reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: divinyl protochlorophyllide a + NADPH + H+ = monovinyl protochlorophyllide a + NADP+. [MetaCyc:RXN1F-72]


regulation of endothelial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of endothelial cell proliferation. [GOC:add]


regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. [GOC:jl]


paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a paraxial mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. [GOC:dgh]


regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate determination. [GOC:dgh]


up regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification

upregulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification

up-regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification

positive regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate specification. [GOC:dgh]


regulation of ubiquitin transferase activity

regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin transferase activity. [GOC:ai, GOC:tb]


regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving anthocyanins. [GOC:mah]


positive regulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle

up regulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle

positive regulation of syncytial blastoderm cell cycle progression

upregulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle

up-regulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle

positive regulation of syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]


down-regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination

down regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination

negative regulation of lateral plate mesodermal cell fate determination

downregulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination

negative regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate determination. [GOC:jid]


down-regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification

downregulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification

down regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification

negative regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate specification. [GOC:dgh]


up-regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle

upregulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle

up regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle

positive regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle

positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle progression

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]