Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antimycin A stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trichodermin stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an erythromycin stimulus. [GOC:mah]


SAGA complex recruitment
SAGA complex localization to promoter

SAGA complex localization to transcription regulatory region

Any process in which a SAGA complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the transcription regulatory region of a gene. [GOC:mah]


protein localisation to cell division site

protein localization to cell division site

A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the site of cell division. [GOC:mah, PMID:19756689]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anisomycin stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anisomycin stimulus. [GOC:mah]


cellular response to N,N,N',N'-tetramethyldiazene-1,2-dicarboxamide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diamide (N,N,N',N'-tetramethyldiazene-1,2-dicarboxamide) stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diamide (N,N,N',N'-tetramethyldiazene-1,2-dicarboxamide) stimulus. [GOC:mah]


cellular response to 2-methyl-prop-2-yl-hydroperoxide

cellular response to tert-butyl hydroperoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a staurosporine stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a staurosporine stimulus. [GOC:mah]


cellular response to calcium ion starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of calcium ions. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a papulacandin B stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a papulacandin B stimulus. [GOC:mah]


cellular response to {4-[Bis-(4-dimethylamino-phenyl)-methylene]-cyclohexa-2,5-dienylidene}-dimethyl-ammonium chloride

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Gentian violet stimulus. [GOC:mah]


response to {4-[Bis-(4-dimethylamino-phenyl)-methylene]-cyclohexa-2,5-dienylidene}-dimethyl-ammonium chloride

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Gentian violet stimulus. [GOC:mah]


cellular response to carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a CCCP stimulus. [GOC:mah]


response to carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a CCCP stimulus. [GOC:mah]


cellular response to 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amitrole stimulus. [GOC:mah]


cellular response to DTT
cellular response to 1,4-dithiothreitol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dithiothreitol stimulus. [GOC:mah]


response to DTT
response to 1,4-dithiothreitol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dithiothreitol stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cisplatin stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cisplatin stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an actinomycin D stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an actinomycin D stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a selenite ion stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a selenite ion stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thiabendazole stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thiabendazole stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyurea stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyurea stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sorbitol stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sorbitol stimulus. [GOC:mah]


cellular response to sodium dodecyl sulfate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercaptoethanol stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercaptoethanol stimulus. [GOC:mah]


cellular response to methyl methanesulfonate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bismuth (Bi) stimulus. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bismuth (Bi) stimulus. [GOC:mah]


protein localisation to cortical microtubule cytoskeleton

protein localization to cortical microtubule cytoskeleton

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within the cortical microtubule cytoskeleton. [GOC:mah]


protein localisation to microtubule cytoskeleton

protein localization to microtubule cytoskeleton

A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within the microtubule cytoskeleton. [GOC:mah]


A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the cell cortex. [GOC:mah]


intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by signal transduction by p53 class mediator

intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]


regulation of bacterial-type flagellum cell motility by regulation of motor speed

regulation of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility by regulation of motor speed

A process that modulates flagellum-dependent motility in bacteria by modulating the speed or direction of rotation of a rotary flagellar motor, mediated by interactions between the braking protein. [GOC:cilia, GOC:jl, PMID:20371342]


negative regulation of zinc ion transmembrane import

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zinc ion import. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]


regulation of zinc ion transmembrane import

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zinc ion import. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]


actin filament bundle convergence involved in cytokinetic actomyosin contractile ring assembly

actomyosin contractile ring assembly actin filament bundle convergence

A process of actin filament bundle distribution that occurs in the context of assembling an actomyosin contractile ring during cytokinesis, and that results in the compaction of actin filaments into a tight ring. [GOC:mah, PMID:19713940]


actin filament bundle assembly involved in cytokinetic actomyosin contractile ring assembly

actomyosin contractile ring actin filament bundle assembly

A process of actin filament bundle formation that occurs in the context of assembling an actomyosin contractile ring during cytokinesis. [GOC:mah, PMID:19713940]


A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cilium. [GOC:dph]


The centrosome organization process by which a centriole increases in length as part of the process of replication. [GOC:dph, PMID:21576394]


asymmetric protein localization to new mitotic spindle pole body

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained to the new mitotic spindle pole body resulting in its being distributed asymmetrically. [GOC:dph, GOC:vw]


The process of introducing a phosphate group into CDP to produce a CTP. [PMID:7499258]


Binding to cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) nucleotide. [PMID:23258412]


cyclic threonylcarbamoyladenosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic threonylcarbamoyladenosine, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules. [PMID:23242255]


Catalysis of the ATP-dependent dehydration of t6A to form cyclic t6A. [GOC:dph, PMID:23242255]


early endosome to recycling endosome transport

The directed movement of substances, in membrane-bounded vesicles, from the early sorting endosomes to the recycling endosomes. [GOC:dph, GOC:kmv, PMID:21474295]


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GTP = 2 diphosphate + cyclic GMP-AMP. [PMID:23258413]


outer plaque of mitotic spindle pole body

One of three laminate structures that form the mitotic spindle pole body; the outer plaque is in the cytoplasm. [GOC:dph]


intermediate layer of mitotic spindle pole body

Structure between the central and outer plaques of the mitotic spindle pole body. [GOC:dph]


inner plaque of mitotic spindle pole body

One of three laminate structures that form the mitotic spindle pole body; the inner plaque is in the nucleus. [GOC:dph, GOC:vw]


half bridge of mitotic spindle pole body

Structure adjacent to the plaques of the mitotic spindle pole body. [GOC:dph]


central plaque of mitotic spindle pole body

One of three laminate structures that form the mitotic spindle pole body; the inner plaque is on the nuclear face of the spindle pole body. [GOC:dph]


asymmetric protein localization to old or new spindle pole body

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained to either the old or new spindle pole body resulting in its being distributed asymmetrically. [GOC:dph, PMID:22119525]


high affinity fructose transmembrane transporter activity

high-affinity fructose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of fructose from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations. [GOC:dph, PMID:10735857]


The expansion of a memory T cell population by cell division. [GOC:dph, PMID:14647273]


Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of hematopoietic stem cells within a population of cells. [GOC:dph, PMID:21508411]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an irinotecan stimulus. [GOC:dph]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a TNF agonist stimulus. [GOC:dph]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an asparaginase stimulus. [GOC:dph]


response to platelet aggregation inhibitor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platelet aggregation inhibitor stimulus. [GOC:dph]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aromatase inhibitor stimulus. [GOC:dph]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anticoagulant stimulus. [GOC:dph]


The process of coupling valine to valyl-tRNA in the cytosol, catalyzed by valyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA. [GOC:dph]


The lipid bilayer surrounding a phagolysosome. [GOC:dph, PMID:22073313]


murein tripeptide carboxypeptidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-meso-Dap (murein tripeptide) + H2O = L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu + meso-diaminopimelate. [GOC:dph, PMID:22970852]


Process whereby karyomere membranes fuse during interphase to form a single lobed nucleus. [GOC:dph, PMID:2734396]


The process where the nuclear membrane engulfs condensed chromosomes to form karyomeres during M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. [GOC:dph, PMID:9732278]


T-helper follicular cell differentiation

T follicular helper cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature T follicular helper cell. [GOC:dph, PMID:21572431]


regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell proliferation. [GOC:dph]


A membrane-bound intermediate cleavage-stage structure of individual or groups of chromosomes that coalesces and fuses with other karyomeres to form a nucleus during interphase. Karyomere formation occurs in blastomeres undergoing rapid cell division. [GOC:dph, PMID:12734396, PMID:22863006]


Catalysis of the reaction O-acetyl-ADP-ribose + H2O = ADP-ribose + acetate. [GOC:dph]


A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a lysosome. [GOC:dph]


L-arginine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-arginine from one side of a membrane to the other. [GOC:dph, RHEA:32143]


The progression of the reproductive system over time from its formation to the mature structure. The reproductive system consists of the organs that function in reproduction. [GOC:dph]


mesonephric cell migration involved in male gonad development

The orderly movement of a cell from the mesonephros to the male gonad, contributing to its development. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


mesenchymal stem cell migration involved in uteric bud morphogenesis

The orderly movement of a mesenchymal stem cell from one site to another contributing to the shaping of the ureteric bud. A mesenchymal stem cell, or MSC, is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


integral to muscle cell projection membrane

integral component of muscle cell projection membrane

The component of the muscle cell projection membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. [GOC:dos, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


retrotrapezoid nucleus neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron whose cell body resides in the retrotrapezoid nucleus. [GOC:dph]


The progression of the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) over time from it's initial formation to its mature state. The retrotrapezoid nucleus is a group of neurons in the rostral medulla, which are responsible regulating respiration. [GOC:dph]


Trophoblast cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium. Trophoblast cells line the outside of the blastocyst. [GOC:dph]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an olfactory bulb tufted cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. [GOC:dph]


The commitment of cells to pacemaker cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into pacemaker cells. Pacemaker cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that are responsible for regulating the timing of heart contractions. [GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11, GOC:mtg_heart]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pacemaker cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Pacemaker cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that are responsible for regulating the timing of heart contractions. [GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11, GOC:mtg_heart]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a pacemaker cell. Pacemaker cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that are responsible for regulating the timing of heart contractions. [GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11, GOC:mtg_heart]


clearance of cells from fusion plate by apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the semicircular canal by removing cells in the fusion plate, forming the loops of the canals. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:sdb_2009, GOC:tb]


glycogen cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glycogen cell of the placenta. A glycogen cell is a vacuolated glycogen-rich cell that appears in compact cell islets of the spongiotrophoblast layer. [GOC:dph, PMID:16269175]


branching involved in labyrinthine layer morphogenesis

The process in which the branches of the fetal placental villi are generated and organized. The villous part of the placenta is called the labyrinth layer. [GOC:dph, PMID:16916377]


activation of necroptosis by extracellular signals


establishment of necroptosis of activated-T cells

activation of necroptosis of activated-T cells


modulation by virus of syncytium formation via plasma membrane fusion

The formation in a cell that has been targeted by a virus of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells. [GOC:dph]


response to lipoprotein particle stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoprotein particle stimulus. [GOC:BHF, GOC:rl]


Catalysis of the reaction: norspermine + oxygen + H2O = norspermidine + 3-aminopropanal + hydrogen peroxide. [MetaCyc:RXN-10464]


inhibition of dopamine import involved in synaptic transmission

inhibition of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission

Any process that prevents the activation of the directed movement of dopamine into a cell. [GOC:ai]


up regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission

upregulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission

positive regulation of dopamine import involved in synaptic transmission

up-regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission

positive regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of dopamine into a cell. [GOC:ai]


down-regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission

negative regulation of dopamine import involved in synaptic transmission

downregulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission

down regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission

negative regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of dopamine into a presynaptic neuron or glial cell. [GOC:ai]


regulation of dopamine import involved in synaptic transmission

regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the catecholamine neurotransmitter dopamine into a cell. [GOC:ai]


dopamine import involved in synaptic transmission

dopamine reuptake involved in synaptic transmission

dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission

The directed movement of dopamine into a presynaptic neuron or glial cell. In this context, dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline. [GOC:ai]


xylem vessel member cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a vessel member cell. A vessel member cell is one of the components of a vessel in the xylem. It is a dead cell with the wall between adjacent members being variously perforated and the walls that persist variously thickened. [GOC:jid, PO:0002003]


branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube

The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in an epithelial tube are generated and organized. A tube is a long hollow cylinder. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


acquisition of desiccation tolerance in seed

The process in which a seed acquires tolerance to severe drying, before entering into a dry, either dormant or quiescent state. [GOC:jid, GOC:ki, GOC:PO_curators, ISBN:9781405139830]


neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by neurotrophin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:bf, GOC:ceb, GOC:jc, GOC:signaling, PMID:12065629, Wikipedia:Trk_receptor]


spread of virus within multicellular host

transport of virus in multicellular host

The transport of a virus between cells in a multicellular organism. The cells can be adjacent or spatially separated (e.g. in different tissues or organs). [GOC:bf, GOC:jl, ISBN:0781718325]


keto-D-gluconate anabolism
keto-D-gluconate synthesis
keto-D-gluconate formation
keto-D-gluconate biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of keto-D-gluconate, the anion of keto-D-gluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose. [ISBN:0198506732]


up-regulation of cilium assembly
upregulation of cilium assembly
up regulation of cilium assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cilium. [GOC:cilia, GOC:go_curators]


glutamate synthase activity, NAD(P)H as acceptor

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NAD(P)+ = L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NAD(P)H + H+. [EC:1.4.1.13, EC:1.4.1.14]


A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a bacterial-type flagellum, a motor complex composed of an extracellular helical protein filament coupled to a rotary motor embedded in the cell envelope which functions in cell motility. [GOC:jl]


The assembly of a bacterial-type flagellum, a motor complex composed of an extracellular helical protein filament coupled to a rotary motor embedded in the cell envelope which functions in cell motility. [GOC:jl]


intracellular signaling pathway involved in meiotic spindle checkpoint

intracellular signaling cascade involved in meiotic spindle checkpoint

intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in meiotic spindle checkpoint

intracellular signal transduction involved in meiotic spindle checkpoint

A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a meiotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and that the chromosomes are attached to the spindle. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle]


meiotic DNA integrity checkpoint signaling

A signal transduction process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA during meiosis. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and ends with signal transduction. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle]


intracellular signaling cascade involved in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint

signal transduction involved in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint

A signal transduction process involved in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle, GOC:TermGenie]


The cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering the next mitotic cell cycle phase. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle]


The cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering the next meiotic cell cycle phase. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle]


ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of ions, rotational mechanism

Enables the transfer of ions from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + ion(in) = ADP + phosphate + ion(out), by a rotational mechanism. [GOC:jl]


NMS complex assembly involved in kinetochore assembly

NMS complex association involved in chromosome segregation

KMN complex interaction involved in chromosome segregation

KMN network assembly involved in chromosome segregation

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an NMS complex. The NMS complex results from the association of two subcomplexes (known as MIND and Ndc80 in Schizosaccharomyces) and is required for kinetochore assembly. [GOC:vw, PMID:22561345]


negative regulation by symbiont of host neurotransmitter secretion

Any process in which a symbiont organism negatively regulates the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell in its host organism. [GOC:jl]


negative regulation by symbiont of host cholinergic synaptic transmission

Any process in which a symbiont organism negatively regulates cholinergic synaptic transmission, communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse via the neurotransmitter choline, in its host organism. [GOC:jl]


regulation by symbiont of host cholinergic synaptic transmission

modulation by symbiont of host cholinergic synaptic transmission

Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse via the neurotransmitter choline, in its host organism. [GOC:jl]


negative regulation by symbiont of host synaptic transmission

Any process in which a symbiont organism decreases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse, in its host organism. [GOC:jl]


regulation by symbiont of host synaptic transmission

modulation by symbiont of host synaptic transmission

Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse, in its host organism. [GOC:jl]


Intermediate organelles formed during macroautophagy through the fusion between autophagosomes and endosomes. [GOC:autophagy, GOC:sart, PMID:19008921, PMID:9705327]


response to human chorionic gonadotropin stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a human chorionic gonadotropin stimulus. [PMID:21325635]


cellular response to human chorionic gonadotrophin stimulus

cellular response to human chorionic gonadotropin stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a human chorionic gonadotropin stimulus. [PMID:21325635]


high-affinity nickel cation transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the high-affinity transfer of nickel (Ni) cations from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations. [GOC:jl]


3'-5'-exoribonuclease activity involved in mature miRNA 3'-end processing

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of an RNA molecule that contributes to forming distinct miRNA isoforms from a mature miRNA. [GOC:sart]


protein transmembrane import into intracellular organelle

The directed movement of proteins into an intracellular organelle, across a membrane. [GOC:jl]


envenomation resulting in modulation of sensory perception of pain in other organism

envenomation resulting in regulation of sensory perception of pain in other organism

envenomation resulting in modulation of sensory perception of pain in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of the sensory perception of pain in the bitten organism. [GOC:fj, GOC:jl, PMID:23034652]


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of sensory perception of pain in other organism

envenomation resulting in inhibition of sensory perception of pain in other organism

envenomation resulting in negative regulation of sensory perception of pain in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the inhibition of the sensory perception of pain in the bitten organism. [GOC:fj, GOC:jl, PMID:23034652]


negative regulation of sensory perception of pain in other organism

inhibition of sensory perception of pain in another organism

negative regulation of sensory perception of pain in another organism

A process that negatively regulates the sensory perception of pain in a different organism. [GOC:fj, GOC:jl]


positive regulation of acid-sensing ion channel in other organism

positive regulation of ASIC channel in other organism

positive regulation of acid-sensing ion channel in another organism

Any process in which an organism positively regulates the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism. [GOC:jl]


negative regulation of ASIC channel in other organism

negative regulation of acid-sensing ion channel in other organism

negative regulation of acid-sensing ion channel in another organism

Any process in which an organism negatively regulates the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism. [GOC:jl]


regulation of ASIC channel in other organism

modulation of acid-sensing ion channel in other organism

regulation of acid-sensing ion channel in other organism

modulation of acid-sensing ion channel in another organism

Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in another organism. [GOC:jl]


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in other organism

envenomation resulting in negative regulation of ASIC channel activity in other organism

envenomation resulting in negative regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant negative regulation in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism. [GOC:fj, GOC:jl, PMID:23034652]


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of ASIC channel activity in other organism

envenomation resulting in positive regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in other organism

envenomation resulting in positive regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant positive regulation in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism. [GOC:fj, GOC:jl, PMID:23034652]


envenomation resulting in modulation of ASIC channel activity in other organism

envenomation resulting in modulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in other organism

envenomation resulting in modulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism. [GOC:fj, GOC:jl, PMID:23034652]


The microtubule organizing center that forms as part of the mitotic cell cycle; functionally homologous to the animal cell centrosome. [GOC:mah, GOC:vw]


Binding to a bone sialoprotein, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein found on the surface of bones and dentin. [PMID:10642520]


double-stranded hemi-methylated DNA binding

Binding to double-stranded hemi-methylated DNA at replication foci (one strand methylated, while the other strand is unmethylated). Methylation of cytosine or adenine in DNA is an important mechanism for establishing stable heritable epigenetic marks. [GOC:imk, GOC:sp, PMID:18772889]


The process of adding or removing a methyl group from one or more nucleotides within an DNA molecule. [GOC:jl]


The active DNA demethylation of the paternal genome that takes place before the first cell division. [GOC:sp, PMID:22868271]


protection of DNA demethylation of female pronucleus

The protection of the maternal genome from DNA demethylation in the zygote following fertilization. [GOC:sp, PMID:22868271]


The global reprogramming of epigenetic modifications in the zygote following fertilization. The paternal genome undergoes active DNA demethylation before the first cell division, while the adjacent maternal genome is protected from this process. [GOC:sp, PMID:22868271]


The elimination of phosphate ions from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine. [GOC:jl, PMID:25287933]


protein import into peroxisome matrix, substrate release

The process by which the cargo protein is released into the peroxisomal matrix, following translocation across the membrane. [PMID:21976670]


negative regulation of imaginal disc-derived wing size

Any process that reduces the size of an imaginal disc-derived wing. [PMID:21393605]


regulation of imaginal disc-derived wing size

Any process that modulates the size of an imaginal disc-derived wing. [PMID:21393605]


The directed movement of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances, from one side of a membrane to the other, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl]


Catalysis of the reaction: 8-hydroxy-dADP + H2O = 8-hydroxy-dAMP + phosphate. [GOC:pde, PMID:22556419]


Catalysis of the reaction 8-oxo-GDP + H2O = 8-oxo-GMP + phosphate. [GOC:pde, PMID:22556419, RHEA:62356]


Catalysis of the reaction 8-oxo-dGDP + H2O = 8-oxo-dGMP + phosphate. [GOC:pde, PMID:22556419, RHEA:32063]


A multicellular organism process which involves another multicellular organism of the same or different species. [GOC:jl]


A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals, involving another organism. [GOC:jl]


killing by virus of host cell by toxin-antitoxin system

killing by virus of host cell by post-segregational killing

The process by which a virus causes the death of daughter cells which do not contain its genes after host cell division, by a mechanism of post-segregational killing (PSK). The extrachromosomal viral DNA consist of two genes; the product of the second is long lived and toxic, while the product of the first is short lived and antagonizes the lethal action of the toxin. Daughter cells that do not contain the viral extrachromosomal element are killed by the long lived toxin, while daughter cells that do contain the viral extrachromosomal element are protected by the action of the short lived antitoxin it encodes. [GOC:bf, GOC:jl, PMID:11222604, Wikipedia:Toxin-antitoxin_system]


pore-mediated penetration of viral genome into host cell

pore-mediated entry of viral genome into host cell

Injection by a non-enveloped virus of the viral genome into the host cytoplasm through creation of a pore or channel in the host cell membrane(s). Usually mediated by a viral pore-forming peptide associated with the viral capsid or bacteriophage tail. [GOC:jl, UniProtKB-KW:KW-1172, VZ:979]


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: trehalose(out) + H+(out) = trehalose(in) + H+(in). [PMID:11136464]


Binds to and increases the activity of an exoribonuclease. [GOC:rb, PMID:22570495]


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil + 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H2O = 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin + 2 5'-deoxyadenosine + 2 L-methionine + oxalate + ammonia + 4 H+. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:11948155, PMID:14593448]


7,8-dihydro-D-neopterin 2',3'-cyclic phosphate phosphodiesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydro-D-neopterin 2',3'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-phosphate + H+. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:19746965]


geranylfarnesyl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = (2E,6E,10E,14E)-geranylfarnesyl diphosphate + diphosphate. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:20097171]


Catalysis of the reaction: L-phosphoserine + SO32- = L-cysteate + HPO4-. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:19761441]


tetrahydromethanopterin-dependent serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tetrahydromethanopterin + L-serine = 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + glycine + H2O. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:12902326]


Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydromethanopterin + NADPH = 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + NADP. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:15028691]


methylthiol:coenzyme M methyl transferase activity

methylthiol:coenzyme M methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the overall reaction: methyl-Co(III) methylated-thiol-specific corrinoid protein + coenzyme M = Co(I) methylated--thiol-specific corrinoid protein + methyl-CoM. [MetaCyc:RXN-8125, PMID:9371433]


Fe(2+)-dependent archaeal-specific GTP cyclohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O <=> 7,8-dihydro-D-neopterin 2',3'-cyclic phosphate + diphosphate +formate + H+. This activity is part of the biosynthesis of methanopterin in Archaea, and requires Fe2+. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:17497938]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sorocarp spore cell, a cell of the sorocarp sorus. A sorocarp is the fruiting body characteristic of certain cellular slime moulds (e.g., Dictyosteliida) and consists of both stalk and a sorus (spore mass). [GOC:jl, GOC:rjd]


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sodium(out)+ galactoside(out) = sodium(in) + galactoside(in). [GOC:crds]


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sodium(out)+ malonate(out) = sodium(in) + malonate(in). [GOC:crds]


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: (R)-carnitine(out) + 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate(in) = (R)-carnitine(in) + 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate(out). [GOC:crds]


establishment or maintenance of cell type involved in phenotypic switching

A cellular process of the specification, formation or maintenance of an alternative cell type, occurring as part of the process of phenotypic switching. Phenotypic switching begins with changes in cell morphology and altered gene expression patterns and ends when the morphology of a population of cells has reverted back to the default state, accompanied by altered expression patterns. [GOC:jl]


disruption by organism of host cell membrane

disruption by virus of host cell membrane

A process by which a virus has a negative effect on the functioning of a host cellular membrane. [GOC:jl]


cytolysis by virus via pore formation in host cell membrane


lytic viral release
viral release by host cell lysis
viral release by cell lysis
viral exit from host cell by cytolysis
cytolysis by virus of host cell

viral release from host cell by cytolysis

The killing by a virus of a cell by means of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm. [GOC:jl, PMID:26728778]


pore formation in membrane of host by symbiont

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components by an organism to form a pore complex in a membrane of a host organism. [GOC:jl]


regulation of postlysosomal vacuole size

regulation of post-lysosomal vacuole size

Any process that modulates the volume of a post-lysosomal vacuole, a membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed late in the endocytic pathway when the pH in the vacuole becomes neutral prior to exocytosis. [GOC:rjd, PMID:22008230]


phagosome pH elevation
phagosomal reneutralization

Any process that increases the pH of the phagosome, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion, as part of the process of phagosome maturation. [GOC:rjd, PMID:22008230]


Catalysis of the reaction: starch + H2O = alpha-D-glucose. [PMID:18556189]


Catalysis of the reaction: dextrin + H2O = alpha-D-glucose. [PMID:18556189]


adhesion of symbiont to host endothelial cell

The attachment of a symbiont to a host endothelial cell via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly. [GOC:jl, PMID:10066176]


adhesion of symbiont to host epithelial cell

The attachment of a symbiont to a host epithelial cell via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly. [GOC:jl, PMID:10066176]


The attachment of a symbiont to a host cell via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly. [GOC:jl]


envenomation resulting in cytolysis in other organism

envenomation resulting in cytolysis in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with cytolysis in the bitten organism. [GOC:fj, GOC:jl, PMID:22484288]


The modification of histone H3 by addition of two methyl groups to lysine at position 4 of the histone. [GOC:jl, PMID:21875999]


host-parasite tight junction
host-pathogen tight junction

An occluding cell-cell junction formed between the membranes of the apical end of an invading cell (e.g. a merozoite in Plasmodium) and a host target cell (e.g. erythrocyte for Plasmodium infection). The junction is a stable yet dynamic structure that moves around the symbiont cell during invasion, enclosing it in a vacuole surrounded by a membrane. [GOC:jl, PMID:21803641]


envenomation resulting in regulation of complement activation in other organism

envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation in other organism

envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of complement activation in the bitten/stung organism. [GOC:fj, GOC:jl, PMID:20837040]


regulation of complement activation in other organism

modulation of complement activation in other organism

modulation of complement activation in another organism

A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation in a different organism. [GOC:fj, GOC:jl, PMID:20837040]


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in other organism

envenomation resulting in negative regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant negative regulation of complement activation via the alternative pathway in the bitten/stung organism. [GOC:fj, GOC:jl, PMID:20837040]


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in other organism

envenomation resulting in positive regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of complement activation via the alternative pathway in the bitten/stung organism. [GOC:fj, GOC:jl, PMID:20837040]


envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in other organism

envenomation resulting in regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in other organism

envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of complement activation via the alternative pathway in the bitten/stung organism. [GOC:fj, GOC:jl, PMID:20837040]


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in other organism

envenomation resulting in positive regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of complement activation via the lectin pathway in the bitten/stung organism. [GOC:fj, GOC:jl, PMID:20837040]


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in other organism

envenomation resulting in negative regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant negative regulation of complement activation via the lectin pathway in the bitten/stung organism. [GOC:fj, GOC:jl, PMID:20837040]


envenomation resulting in regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in other organism

envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in other organism

envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of complement activation via the lectin pathway in the bitten/stung organism. [GOC:fj, GOC:jl, PMID:20837040]


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in other organism

envenomation resulting in positive regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the positive regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism. [GOC:fj, GOC:jl, PMID:20837040]


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in other organism

envenomation resulting in negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the negative regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism. [GOC:fj, GOC:jl, PMID:20837040]


envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation, classical pathway in other organism

envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation, classical pathway in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism. [GOC:fj, GOC:jl, PMID:20837040]


positive regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in other organism

positive regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in another organism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the alternative pathway, in a different organism. [GOC:jl, PMID:20837040]


negative regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in other organism

negative regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in another organism

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the alternative pathway, in a different organism. [GOC:jl, PMID:20837040]


modulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in other organism

modulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in another organism

A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation, via the alternative pathway, in a different organism. [GOC:jl, PMID:20837040]


negative regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in other organism

negative regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in another organism

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of complement activation by the lectin pathway, in a different organism. [GOC:jl, PMID:20837040]


positive regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in other organism

positive regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in another organism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the lectin pathway, in a different organism. [GOC:jl, PMID:20837040]


modulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in other organism

regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in other organism

modulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in another organism

A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the lectin pathway of complement activation, in a different organism. [GOC:jl, PMID:20837040]


negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in other organism

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in another organism

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the classical pathway, in a different organism. [GOC:jl, PMID:20837040]


positive regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in other organism

positive regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in another organism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the classical pathway, in a different organism. [GOC:jl, PMID:20837040]


modulation of complement activation, classical pathway in other organism

regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in other organism

modulation of complement activation, classical pathway in another organism

A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the classical pathway of complement activation, in a different organism. [GOC:jl, PMID:20837040]


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of cell migration in other organism

envenomation resulting in positive regulation of cell migration in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the positive regulation of cell migration in the bitten organism. [GOC:jl, PMID:19932752]


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of cell migration in other organism

envenomation resulting in negative regulation of cell migration in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the negative regulation of cell migration in the bitten organism. [GOC:jl, PMID:19932752]


envenomation resulting in modulation of cell migration in other organism

envenomation resulting in regulation of cell migration in other organism

envenomation resulting in modulation of cell migration in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of cell migration in the bitten organism. [GOC:jl, PMID:19932752]


positive regulation of cell migration in other organism

positive regulation of cell migration in another organism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration in a second organism. [GOC:jl]


negative regulation of cell migration in other organism

negative regulation of cell migration in another organism

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration in a second organism. [GOC:jl]


modulation of cell migration in other organism

regulation of cell migration in other organism

modulation of cell migration in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the process of cell migration in a second organism. [GOC:jl]


ACP phosphopantetheine attachment site binding

Binding to the attachment site of the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group of an acyl carrier protein (ACP). [GOC:jl, GOC:vw]


positive regulation of relaxation of uterine smooth muscle in other organism

positive regulation of relaxation of uterine smooth muscle in another organism

The process in which an organism increases the extent of relaxation of smooth muscle in the uterus of a second organism. [GOC:jl]


modulation of relaxation of uterine smooth muscle in other organism

regulation of relaxation of uterine smooth muscle in other organism

modulation of relaxation of uterine smooth muscle in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the relaxation of smooth muscle in the uterus of a second organism. [GOC:jl]


modulation of relaxation of smooth muscle in other organism

regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle in other organism

modulation of relaxation of smooth muscle in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the relaxation of smooth muscle in a second organism. [GOC:jl]


regulation of relaxation of muscle in other organism

modulation of relaxation of muscle in other organism

modulation of relaxation of muscle in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the relaxation of muscle in a second organism. [GOC:jl]


A filamentous, cage-like assembly on the nuclear face of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). In S. cerevisiae, Mlp1p and Mlp2p are two major components of the NPC nuclear basket. In vertebrates, Tpr is a major component. [GOC:dgf, PMID:18046406, PMID:19524430, PMID:20947011, PMID:22419078]


cytoplasmic fibers of the nuclear pore complex location

Filamentous extensions on cytoplasmic face of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). In S. cerevisiae, Nup159p, Nup82p, and Nup42p contribute to the cytoplasmic filaments. In vertebrates, Nup358 is a major component. [GOC:dgf, PMID:18046406, PMID:19524430, PMID:20947011, PMID:22419078]


nuclear pore central plug
nuclear pore transport channel
nuclear pore central channel

The central substructure of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), through which nucleocytoplasmic transport of RNAs, proteins and small molecules occurs. The central transport channel is filled with FG-nucleoporins, which form a selective barrier and provide a series of binding sites for transporter proteins. Characterized S. cerevisiae FG-nucleoporins include Nup159p, Nup145Np, Nup116p, Nup100p, Nsp1p, Nup57p, Nup49p, Nup42p, Nup53p, Nup59p/Asm4p, Nup60p and Nup1. Characterized vertebrate FG-nucleoporins include Nup214, Nup98, Nup62, Nup54, Nup58/45, NLP1, and Nup153. [GOC:dgf, PMID:18046406, PMID:19524430, PMID:20947011, PMID:22419078]


A substructure of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that serves to connect members of the central transport channel (composed of FG-nucleoporins) to the core scaffold (composed of the inner and outer NPC rings). In S. cerevisiae, the linkers are Nic96p and Nup82p. In vertebrates, they are Nup93 and Nup88. Components are arranged in 8-fold symmetrical 'spokes' around the central transport channel. Both linkers can be isolated in association with specific FG-nucleoporins, complexes that are sometimes referred to as the Nic96 complex (Nic96p-Nsp1p-Nup49p-Nup57p) and the Nup82 complex (Nup82p-Nup116p-Nup159p-Gle2p). [GOC:dgf, PMID:18046406, PMID:19524430, PMID:20947011, PMID:22419078]


flavine mononucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of flavine mononucleotide (FMN) from one side of a membrane to the other. [GOC:ans, PMID:22185573]


peptidyl-L-threonine methyl ester biosynthetic process from peptidyl-threonine

The modification of a C-terminal peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-L-threonine methyl ester. [RESID:AA0507]


Catalysis of the reaction: protein-serine-choline phosphate + H2O = protein-serine + choline phosphate. [GOC:sp, PMID:22158903]


Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-choline + protein-serine = CMP + protein-serine-choline phosphate. [GOC:sp, PMID:21822290]


ATP-dependent phytochelatin transmembrane transporter activity

phytochelatin transmembrane transporter ATPase activity

ATPase-coupled phytochelatin transmembrane transporter activity


protein deAMPylase activity
protein deAMPylation activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenylyl-protein+ H2O = adenylate + protein; mediates the removal of an adenylyl (adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AMP group) from specific residues of target proteins. [PMID:21734656]


The removal of an adenylyl group (adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AMP) from a protein amino acid. [GOC:sp, PMID:21734656]


The removal of a nucleotide from a protein amino acid. [GOC:sp, PMID:21734656]


Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + protein = diphosphate + guanylyl-protein; mediates the addition of an guanylyl (guanosine 5'-monophosphate; GMP group) to specific residues of target proteins. [GOC:sp, PMID:20651120]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving doxorubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic, used in cancer chemotherapy. [PMID:10200167]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving daunorubicin, a chemotherapeutic of the anthracycline family that is given as a treatment for some types of cancer. [PMID:20837989]


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-demethylubiquinol-10 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ubiquinol-10. [PMID:10777520]


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-decaprenyl-4,5-dihydroxybenzoate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3-decaprenyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoate. [PMID:10777520]


17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 17-beta-hydroxysteroid + NAD+ = a 17-oxosteroid + NADH + H+. [PMID:17074428]


iron molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor, the cofactor located at the active site of the molybdenum nitrogenase. [GOC:mengo_curators, GOC:tt, PMID:18429691]


A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of pullulan stimulus. [GOC:mengo_curators, GOC:tt]


A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of amylopectin stimulus. [GOC:mengo_curators, GOC:tt]


Binding to iron molybdenum cofactor, the cofactor located at the active site of the molybdenum nitrogenase. [GOC:mengo_curators, GOC:tt, PMID:18429691]


Binding to pectin. [GOC:mengo_curators, GOC:tt]


Binding to laminaribiose, a disaccharide. [GOC:mengo_curators, GOC:tt]


Binding to a cellopentaose, an oligosaccharide consisting of four glucose residues resulting from hydrolysis of cellulose. [GOC:mengo_curators, GOC:tt]


Binding to a cellotetraose, an oligosaccharide consisting of four glucose residues resulting from hydrolysis of cellulose. [GOC:mengo_curators, GOC:tt]


Binding to cellobiose, a disaccharide that represents the basic repeating unit of cellulose. [GOC:mengo_curators, GOC:tt]


Binding to a cellodextrin, a glucose polymer of 2 or more glucose monomers. [GOC:mengo_curators, GOC:tt, PMID:18952792]


Binding to cellotriose. [GOC:mengo_curators, GOC:tt]


butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol

The chemical reactions a resulting in the resulting in the breakdown of butyryl-CoA to form butanol. [GOC:mengo_curators, GOC:tt, PMID:19539744]


butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butyrate

The chemical reactions a resulting in the resulting in the breakdown of butyryl-CoA to form butyrate. [GOC:mengo_curators, GOC:tt, PMID:19539744]


The chemical reactions a resulting in the resulting in the breakdown of butyryl-CoA. [GOC:jl]


butyryl-CoA biosynthesis from acetyl-CoA

butyryl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetyl-CoA

The chemical reactions and pathway resulting in the formation of butyryl-CoA, starting from acetyl-CoA. [GOC:mengo_curators, GOC:tt, PMID:19539744]


The chemical reactions and pathway resulting in the formation of butyryl-CoA. [GOC:jl]


The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylose, an aldopentose, where one of the resulting products is ethanol. [GOC:mengo_curators, GOC:tt]


The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbons, where one of the resulting products is ethanol. [GOC:mengo_curators, GOC:tt]


The assembly of a cellulosome, a macromolecular multi-enzyme complex in bacteria that facilitates the breakdown of cellulase, hemicellulase and pectin in the plant cell wall. [GOC:mengo_curators, GOC:tt, PMID:20373916]


assembly of starch utilization system complex

starch utilization system complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the starch utilization system complex, a complex of cell envelope-associated proteins that degrades glycan. [GOC:mengo_curators, GOC:tt, PMID:19553672, PMID:21219452]


nitrogenase P cluster maturation
nitrogenase P cluster biosynthesis

The biochemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a P-cluster of a nitrogenase, a high-nuclearity, Fe/S-only cluster that can be viewed as two [4Fe-4S] sub-clusters sharing a gamma-6-sulfide. [PMID:17563349]


A change in the morphology or behavior of a chondrocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage. [CL:0000138, GOC:jl]


The expansion of a dendritic cell population by cell division. A dendritic cell is a cell of hematopoietic origin, typically resident in particular tissues, specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation. [CL:0000451, PMID:18469816]


envenomation resulting in occlusion of the pore of voltage-gated potassium channel in other organism

envenomation resulting in occlusion of the pore of voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant blocking of a voltage-gated potassium channel, inhibiting the pore's activity, in the bitten/stung organism. [GOC:fj, GOC:jl]


envenomation resulting in slowing of activation kinetics of voltage-gated potassium channel in other organism

voltage-dependence of activation shift (to the left)

envenomation resulting in slowing of activation kinetics of voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant slowing of the activation kinetics of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism. [GOC:fj, GOC:jl]


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in other organism

envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant negative regulation of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism. [GOC:fj, GOC:jl]


modulation of ion channel activity in other organism

regulation of ion channel activity in other organism

modulation of ion channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an ion channel in another organism. [GOC:jl]


envenomation resulting in regulation of ion channel activity in other organism

envenomation resulting in modulation of ion channel activity in other organism

envenomation resulting in modulation of ion channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of an ion channel in the bitten organism. [GOC:fj, GOC:jl]


envenomation resulting in modulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in other organism

envenomation resulting in modulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism. [GOC:fj, GOC:jl]


regulation of vasodilation in other organism

modulation of vasodilation in other organism


cell wall disruption in another organism

A process carried out by an organism that results in the breakdown of the cell wall of a second organism. [GOC:jl]


structural maintenance of chromosomes family protein binding

Binding to a protein from the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) family, a group of chromosomal ATPases with a role in mitotic chromosome organization. [GOC:jl, GOC:vw, InterPro:IPR024704, PMID:9640531]


intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]


activation by virus of host NF-kappaB transcription factor activity

induction by virus of host NF-kappaB cascade

Any process in which a virus starts, promotes, or enhances a host NF-kappaB cascade. [PMID:11907233, PMID:7845680]


induction by virus of host cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process

Any process in which a virus increases the frequency, rate or extent of host cysteine-type endopeptidase activity (also called caspase activity) which contributes to the apoptotic process. [GOC:mtg_apoptosis, UniProtKB-KW:KW-1073]


suppression by virus of host cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host caspase activity. Caspases are cysteine-type endopeptidases which contribute to the apoptotic process. [UniProtKB-KW:KW-1085, VZ:912]


modulation by virus of host ubiquitin-protein ligase activity

The process in which a virus effects a change in host ubiquitin-protein ligase activity. Ubiquitin-protein ligase activity catalyzes the reaction: ATP + ubiquitin + protein lysine = AMP + diphosphate + protein N-ubiquityllysine. [UniProtKB-KW:KW-1123]


modulation by virus of host protein ubiquitination

Any process in which a virus modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein ubiquitination in the host organism. Ubiquitination is the process in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to a protein. [UniProtKB-KW:KW-1130]


G0/G1 host cell cycle checkpoint dysregulation by virus

modulation by virus of host G0/G1 transition checkpoint

Any viral process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host cell G0/G1 transition checkpoint. [UniProtKB-KW:KW-1077]


G1/S host cell cycle checkpoint dysregulation by virus

modulation by virus of host G1/S transition checkpoint

Any viral process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host cell G1/S transition checkpoint. [UniProtKB-KW:KW-1078]


suppression by virus of host NF-kappaB transcription factor activity

suppression by virus of host NF-kappaB cascade

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a host NF-kappaB cascade. [PMID:10920188, PMID:25275128]


The region of a host cell that contains the viral genome. [GOC:bf, GOC:bm, GOC:jl]


The region of a virion in which the nucleic acid is confined. [GOC:bm, PMID:14291596]


The lipid bilayer of a virion contained inside the protein capsid. [GOC:bm, PMID:15331712]


cytolysis by virus via suppression of host peptidoglycan biosynthetic process


suppression by virus of host cell lysis in response to superinfecting virus

suppression by virus of host cell lysis in response to superinfection

The prevention or delay of host cell lysis by a pre-existing virus in response to a subsequent infection of the host cell by second virus. [GOC:bm, GOC:jl, PMID:22389108, PMID:9560373]


LPS binding involved in viral attachment to host cell

virion attachment, binding to host lipopolysaccharide

lipopolysaccharide binding involved in viral attachment to host cell

lipopolysaccharide-mediated virion attachment to host cell

The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the host cell surface. [GOC:bf, GOC:bm, PMID:12837775]


The breakdown of host DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, by a virus. [GOC:bf, GOC:bm, GOC:jl]


suppression by virus of host cell wall biogenesis

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall biogenesis in the host organism. Cell wall biogenesis includes the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and the assembly and arrangement of these constituent parts. [GOC:bf, GOC:bm, GOC:jl]


killing by virus of host cells involved in superinfection exclusion

killing by virus of host cells during superinfection exclusion

killing by virus of host cell during superinfection exclusion

The viral-killing of a host cell by a pre-existing virus in response to a subsequent infection of the host cell by second virus. [GOC:bf, GOC:bm, GOC:jl, PMID:22398285]


Any process mediated by a virus that results in the death of a cell in the host organism. [GOC:bf, GOC:bm, GOC:jl]


RNA translocase activity involved in viral RNA genome packaging

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to drive movement along a single- or double-stranded RNA molecule, which contributes to the packaging of viral RNA into a nucleocapsid. [GOC:bm, PMID:22297533]


DNA translocase activity involved in viral DNA genome packaging

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to drive movement along a single- or double-stranded DNA molecule, that contributes to the packing of viral DNA into a capsid. [GOC:bm, PMID:17501915]


Generating a movement along a single- or double-stranded RNA molecule, driven by ATP hydrolysis. [GOC:bm, PMID:22713318]


The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=219 symmetry. T=219 icosahedral capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 2180 hexameric capsomeres for a total of 13140 capsid proteins. [GOC:plm, UniProtKB-KW:KW-1151]


The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=169 symmetry. T=169 icosahedral capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 1680 hexameric capsomeres for a total of 10140 capsid proteins. [GOC:plm, UniProtKB-KW:KW-1150]


The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=147 symmetry. T=147 icosahedral capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 1460 hexameric capsomeres for a total of 8820 capsid proteins. [GOC:plm, UniProtKB-KW:KW-0167]


The intermediate layer of a triple concentric icosahedral capsid. Intermediate capsids are part of reoviridae virions. [UniProtKB-KW:KW-1154]


The inner layer of a double or triple concentric icosahedral capsid. Inner capsids are part of reoviridae and cystoviridae virions. [UniProtKB-KW:KW-1153]


The outer layer of a double or triple concentric icosahedral capsid. Outer capsids are part of reoviridae and cystoviridae virions. [UniProtKB-KW:KW-1152]


The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=25 symmetry. The T=25 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 240 hexameric capsomeres. [UniProtKB-KW:KW-1148, VZ:810]


The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=16 symmetry. The T=16 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 150 hexameric capsomeres. [UniProtKB-KW:KW-1147, VZ:807]


The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=13 symmetry. The T=13 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 120 hexameric capsomeres. [UniProtKB-KW:KW-1146, VZ:260]


The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=7 symmetry. The T=7 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 60 hexameric capsomeres. [UniProtKB-KW:KW-1145, VZ:804]


The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=4 symmetry. The T=4 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 30 hexameric capsomeres. [UniProtKB-KW:KW-1144, VZ:808]


The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with pseudo T=3 symmetry. The T=pseudo3 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 20 hexameric capsomeres. [UniProtKB-KW:KW-1143, VZ:809]


The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=3 symmetry. The T=3 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 20 hexameric capsomeres. [UniProtKB-KW:KW-1142, VZ:806]


The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=2 symmetry. The T=2 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric dimers. [UniProtKB-KW:KW-1141, VZ:838]


The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=1 symmetry. The T=1 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric capsomeres. [UniProtKB-KW:KW-1140, VZ:1057]


induction by virus of host protein phosphorylation

Any process in which a virus activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorylation of viral or host proteins in a host. [GOC:bf]


viral inhibition of host protein phosphorylation

suppression by virus of host protein phosphorylation

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorylation of viral or host proteins in a host. [GOC:bf]


modulation by virus of host protein phosphorylation

Any viral process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorylation of viral or host proteins in a host. [GOC:bf]


suppression by virus of host translation initiation

Any process in which a virus prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host translation initiation, the host process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein. [GOC:bf]


viral inhibition of cellular protein synthesis

suppression by virus of host translation

Any process in which a virus prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translation of host mRNA, for example by cleavage of the host mRNAs. [PMID:22046136, PMID:22174690]


suppression by virus of host DNA-dependent transcription, initiation

inhibition of host transcription initiation by virus

suppression by virus of host transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) at an RNA polymerase II promoter region of a host DNA template. [UniProtKB-KW:KW-1111, VZ:904]


modulation by virus of host protein dephosphorylation

Any viral process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dephosphorylation of a host protein. [GOC:bf]


induction by virus of host mRNA catabolic process

induction by virus of catabolism of host mRNA

The process in which a virus increases the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of host messenger RNA (mRNA). [GOC:bf, UniProtKB-KW:KW-1132]


endoribonuclease activity involved in viral induction of host mRNA catabolic process

Any endoribonuclease activity that contributes to the viral-induced catabolism of host mRNA. [GOC:bf, PMID:22046136]


inhibition of host mitotic exit by virus

suppression by virus of host exit from mitosis

Any viral process which decreases the rate or extent of a host cell leaving M phase of the cell cycle. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place. [UniProtKB-KW:KW-1098, VZ:877]


suppression by virus of G2/M transition of host mitotic cell cycle

Any viral process that decreases the rate or extent of progression from G2 phase to M phase of the host mitotic cell cycle. [UniProtKB-KW:KW-1079, VZ:876]


inhibition of host proteasome antigen processing by virus

suppression by virus of host antigen processing and presentation

Any viral process that inhibits a host antigen-presenting cell expressing a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. [UniProtKB-KW:KW-1117, VZ:815]


inhibition of host BST2/Tetherin by virus

suppression by virus of host tetherin activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of host tetherin activity. Tetherin (also known as BST2) is an alpha interferon-inducible cellular factor that impairs the release of many enveloped viruses. By blocking tetherin activity, many viruses circumvent its antiviral effects. [PMID:22493439]


modulation of host PP1 activity by virus

regulation by virus of host PP1 activity

modulation by virus of host PP1 activity

The process in which a virus effects a change in host protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) activity, a serine/threonine phosphatase. Different viruses modulate host PP1 activity to remove phosphates from various cellular substrates and downregulate the host's antiviral response. [UniProtKB-KW:KW-1126, VZ:803]


PKR signal transduction
EIF2AK3/PERK signaling
signaling through PKR
EIF2AK3 signal transduction
PKR signaling pathway

A series of reactions in which a signal is passed on to downstream proteins within the cell via PKR (also known as EIF2AK3), an intracellular protein kinase that is activated by stress signals or upon binding to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), followed by autophosphorylation. PKR plays a role in the antiviral response, phosphorylating proteins such as the translation initiation factor eIF2 to inhibit protein synthesis during viral infection. Begins with activation of PKR activity, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or inhibition of translation. [PMID:21204021, PMID:22102852, PMID:27629041, PMID:9843495, VZ:1576]


suppression by virus of host protein kinase activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host protein kinase activity. [GOC:bf]


suppression by virus of host EIF2AK2 activity

suppression by virus of host PKR activity


suppression by virus of host ISG15 activity


suppression by virus of host JAK1 activity

suppression by virus of host janus kinase 1 activity

negative regulation by virus of host JAK

inhibition of host JAK activity by virus

suppression by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade via inhibition of JAK1 activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a JAK-STAT signal cascade in a host organism by reducing the activity of host JAK1 (Janus Kinase 1). [PMID:16188985]


suppression by virus of host non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 activity

suppression by virus of host TYK2 activity

suppression by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade via inhibition of host TYK2 activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a JAK1-STAT signaling cascade in a host organism by reducing the activity of host TYK2 (tyrosine kinase 2). TYK2 is an intracellular signal-transducing tyrosine kinase that associates with the cytoplasmic tails of cytokine receptors and transmits the cytokine signal by phosphorylating receptor subunits. [PMID:16987978, PMID:19085955]


suppression by virus of host STAT activity

suppression by virus of host signal transducer and activator of transcription activity

suppression by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade via inhibition of STAT activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a JAK-STAT signal cascade in a host organism by reducing the activity of host STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription). STATs are SH2 domain-containing proteins which lie downstream of many signaling receptors. Upon phosphorylation by JAKs, STAT proteins hetero- or homo-dimerize and translocate to the nucleus to activate transcription of target genes. [GOC:bf]


suppression by virus of host IRF9 activity

suppression by virus of host interferon regulatory factor 9 activity

inhibition of host interferon regulatory factor-9 by virus

suppression by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade via inhibition of host IRF9 activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a JAK1-STAT signaling cascade in a host organism by reducing the activity of host IRF9 (interferon regulatory factor-9), a transcription factor involved in the innate immune response. Viral infection triggers binding of IRF9 to phosphorylated STAT1 and STAT2, forming the ISGF3 complex. The ISGF3 complex migrates to the nucleus and activates transcription of IFN-responsive genes. [PMID:10388655, PMID:19109390]


suppression by virus of host interferon regulatory factor 7 activity

inhibition of host interferon regulatory factor-7 by virus

suppression by virus of host IRF7 activity


Binding to MDA-5, a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor that initiates an antiviral signaling pathway upon binding to viral dsRNA. [PMID:19019954]


suppression by virus of host MDA-5 activity


complement component C5a-induced signaling pathway

complement component C5a signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a C5a component of the complement pathway binding to a complement receptor, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process. C5a is a peptide derived from the C5 complement factor. [GOC:jc, PMID:15313431, Wikipedia:Complement_component_5a]


Interacting with a death receptor such that the proportion of death receptors in an active form is increased. Ligand binding to a death receptor often induces a conformational change to activate the receptor. [GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:pr]


positive regulation of SREBP-mediated signaling pathway in response to decreased oxygen levels

positive regulation of SREBP signaling pathway in response to decreased oxygen levels

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the SREBP signaling pathway in response to a decrease in oxygen levels. [GOC:al, PMID:22017871]


negative regulation of SREBP-mediated signaling pathway in response to increased oxygen levels

negative regulation of SREBP signaling pathway in response to increased oxygen levels

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the SREBP signaling pathway in response to an increase in oxygen levels. [GOC:al, PMID:22017871]


Combining with the cytokine interleukin-17A and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. [GOC:bf, GOC:jc, GOC:signaling]


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-17A binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:jc, GOC:signaling]


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-33 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:jc, GOC:signaling]


cannabinoid-mediated signaling pathway
cannabinoid-activated signaling pathway
cannabinoid receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a cannabinoid binding to its receptor on the cell surface, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Cannabinoids are a class of diverse chemical compounds that include the endocannabinoids and the phytocannabinoids. [GOC:bf, GOC:jc, GOC:signaling, Wikipedia:Cannabinoid]


somatostatin-activated somatostatin receptor signaling pathway

somatotrophin release inhibiting factor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by somatostatin binding to a somatostatin receptor (SSTR), and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:bf, GOC:nhn, GOC:signaling, PMID:18006219, Wikipedia:Somatostatin]


EGFR signaling pathway via IKK/NF-kappaB cascade

EGFR signaling pathway via IKK-dependent activation of NF-kappaB

epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway via I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade

An epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway in which the signal transmitted via I-kappaB-kinase (IKK)-dependent activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. [GOC:bf, PMID:22132240]


EGFR signaling pathway via activation of NF-kappaB

epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway via positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity

epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway via positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity

An epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway in which the signal transmitted via the activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. [GOC:signaling, GOC:uh, PMID:21229383, PMID:21518868, PMID:22132240]


OSM signaling pathway
oncostatin-M signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by oncostatin-M (OSM) binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. OSM can signal via at least two different receptors (a specific receptor and a LIF receptor) to activate different downstream signal transduction pathways. [GOC:nhn, GOC:signaling, PMID:10579456, PMID:12811586]


Combining with the glycoprotein thrombopoietin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. [GOC:bf, GOC:signaling, PMID:19630807]


thrombopoietin receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by thrombopoietin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:nhn, GOC:signaling, PMID:19630807]


erythropoietin receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by erythropoietin (EPO) binding to the erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:nhn, PMID:12489509]


CXCL12-activated CXCR4 signalling pathway

CXCL12-activated CXCR4 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-X-C chemokine CXCL12 to a C-X-C chemokine type 4 receptor (CXCR4) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:nhn]


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-3 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:nhn, GOC:signaling]


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-23 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:nhn, GOC:signaling]


The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-11 to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:nhn, GOC:signaling]


C-C chemokine receptor type 4 signaling pathway

C-C chemokine receptor CCR4 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a the C-C chemokine type 2 receptor (CCR4) on the surface of a cell binding to one of it's physiological ligands, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:nhn, GOC:signaling]


The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL2 to a C-C chemokine type 2 receptor (CCR2) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:nhn, GOC:signaling]


C-C chemokine receptor type 2 signaling pathway

C-C chemokine receptor CCR2 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a the C-C chemokine type 2 receptor (CCR2) on the surface of a cell binding to one of it's physiological ligands, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:nhn, GOC:signaling]


Combining with the C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. [GOC:bf, GOC:signaling]


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL2 to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:nhn, GOC:signaling, Wikipedia:CCL2]


stromal cell-derived factor-1 signaling pathway

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the chemokine CXCL12 to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:nhn, GOC:signaling, Wikipedia:Stromal_cell-derived_factor-1]


macrophage colony-stimulating factor signalling pathway

macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the cytokine macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:signaling, GOC:uh, PMID:12138890, Wikipedia:Macrophage_colony-stimulating_factor]


protein localization to transverse tubule

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the T-tubule. The T-tubule is an invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril. [GOC:BHF, GOC:rl, PMID:16292983]


Binding a D-alanine and presenting it for processing or offloading to a cognate enzyme. Covalently binds the D-alanine via a phosphopantetheine prosthetic group and mediates protein-protein interactions with the enzyme conferring specificity. The carrier protein provides an essential link between the D-alanine-D-alanyl carrier protein ligase and the incorporation of D-alanine into lipoteichoic acid by transferring activated D-alanine to cell membrane phosphatidylglycerol (PG). [GOC:crds, PMID:11222605, PMID:22750871, PMID:8682792]


The processes required for a cone photoreceptor to recover, following light activation, so that it can respond to a subsequent light stimulus. Cone recovery requires the shutoff of active participants in the phototransduction cascade, including the visual pigment and downstream signal transducers. [GOC:gap, PMID:16039565, PMID:22802362]


The ability of a photoreceptor to adjust to varying levels of light. [GOC:gap, PMID:16039565]


TGF-beta 3 activation
TGFbeta 3 activation
TGFB3 activation

transforming growth factor beta3 activation

The release of transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF-beta3) from its latent state. [GOC:sl, PMID:12482908, PMID:9170210]


TGF-beta 2 activation
TGFbeta 2 activation
TGFB2 activation

transforming growth factor beta2 activation

The release of transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-beta2) from its latent state. [GOC:sl, PMID:12482908, PMID:9170210]


transforming growth factor-beta1 activation

transforming growth factor beta1 activation

The release of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) from its latent state. [GOC:sl, PMID:12482908, PMID:9170210]


latent TGF-beta activation
L-TGF-beta activation
TGFB activation
TGF-beta activation
TGFbeta activation
TGF-B activation

transforming growth factor beta activation

The release of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) from its latent state. TGF-beta is secreted as part of a large latent complex (LLC) that is targeted to the extracellular matrix. Release of TGFbeta from its latent state is required for TGFbeta to bind to its receptors, and can occur by a variety of mechanisms. [GOC:bf, GOC:sl, PMID:12482908, PMID:9170210]


A double layer of lipid molecules that surrounds an ascus, a capsule containing the sexual spores in some fungi. [GOC:mcc, GOC:vw, PMID:21900489]


racemase activity, acting on amino acids and derivatives

Catalysis of the interconversion of the two enantiomers of a chiral amino acid or amino acid derivative. [GOC:crds]


renal K+ elimination
renal potassium ion excretion
renal K(+) excretion

The elimination of potassium ions from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine. [GOC:gap, PMID:15034090, PMID:25287933]