lipid A 1-phosphomethyltransferase activity

lipid A phosphomethyltransferase activity

lipid A phosphate methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the 1-phosphate group of lipid A. [PMID:15994324]


branched-chain amino acid:2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate aminotransferase activity

branched chain amino acid:2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate aminotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate + L-phenylalanine = phenylpyruvate + L-methionine. [PMID:12670965]


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + GTP = 2-phospho-(S)-lactate + GDP. [PMID:11535063]


Catalysis of the reactions: (KDO)-lipid IVA + CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = KDO2-lipid IVA + CMP, and lipid IVA + CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = (KDO)-lipid IVA + CMP. [PMID:1577828, PMID:2033061, PMID:9195966]


Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + D-glucose = AMP + D-glucose 6-phosphate. [EC:2.7.1.147]


Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + D-fructose 6-phosphate = AMP + D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. [EC:2.7.1.146]


DNA polymerase III, proof-reading complex location

DNA polymerase III, proof-reading subcomplex location

DNA polymerase III, proofreading complex location

DNA polymerase III, proofreading subcomplex location

A subcomplex of DNA polymerase III composed of the epsilon subunit which has proofreading activity, and the theta subunit which enhances the epsilon subunit's proofreading activity. [PMID:16973612, Wikipedia:Pol_III]


DNA polymerase III, DnaX subcomplex location

DNA polymerase III, DnaX complex location

DNA polymerase III, clamp loader complex location

A heptamer that includes the tau and gamma products of the dnaX gene and the chi/psi subcomplex. Confers structural asymmetry that allows the polymerase to replicate both leading and lagging strands. [PMID:12940977]


DNA polymerase III, DnaX complex, chi/psi subcomplex location

DNA polymerase III, clamp loader chi/psi subcomplex location

A dimer composed of the chi and psi subunits which is a subassembly of the DNA polymerase III clamp loader complex and serves as a bridge between the DnaX complex and the single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB). [PMID:12940977]


Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + protein-cysteine = S-palmitoyl protein + CoA, specific for Ras proteins. [PMID:16000296]


DHHC cysteine-rich domain-containing protein ERF2


A heterotrimeric complex composed of the subunits RecF, RecO and RecR. Mediates the loading of RecA protein specifically onto SSB-coated gapped DNA during DNA repair. [PMID:12769856]


Catalysis of the reaction: monomethylamine + a monomethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated monomethylamine corrinoid protein + NH3. [PMID:9195968]


methanol:CoM methyltransferase complex location

methanol: coenzyme M methyltransferase complex location

methanol-coenzyme M methyltransferase complex location

methanol-CoM methyltransferase complex location

methanol:coenzyme M methyltransferase complex location

methanol: CoM methyltransferase complex location

A heterotrimeric protein complex composed of a methanol methyltransferase subunit, a corrinoid protein and a methanol-specific corrinoid:coenzyme M methyltransferase subunit. Catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from methanol to coenzyme M as part of the pathway of methanogenesis from methanol. [PMID:9363780]


small conductance mechanosensitive ion channel

cyclic nucleotide regulated mechanosensitive ion channel

cyclic nucleotide-gated mechanosensitive ion channel activity

cyclic nucleotide-regulated mechanosensitive ion channel

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress and when a cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts. [GOC:jl, PMID:22206667]

cyclic nucleotide gated mechanosensitive ion channel activity


cyclic nucleotide-regulated small mechanosensitive ion channel


cyclic nucleotide-activated ion channel activity

cyclic nucleotide activated ion channel activity

cyclic nucleotide gated ion channel activity

cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts. [GOC:jl]


The function of binding to an anti-sigma factor and stopping, preventing or reducing the rate of its activity. [GOC:jl, GOC:txnOH, PMID:15576799]


Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine + carbamoyl phosphate = N(2)-acetyl-L-citrulline + H(+) + phosphate. [EC:2.1.3.9, RHEA:18609]


arginine/ornithine antiporter activity
ArcD
arginine:ornithine antiporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: arginine(out) + ornithine(in) = arginine(in) + ornithine(out). [GOC:jl, PMID:17110979]


Catalysis of the ATP-dependent polymerization of arginine and aspartate to multi-L-arginyl-poly-L-aspartic acid (cyanophycin; a water-insoluble reserve polymer). [EC:6.3.2.29, EC:6.3.2.30, GOC:jl]


agmatine/putrescine antiporter activity
agmatine-putrescine antiporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine(out) + putrescine(in) = agmatine(in) + putrescine(out). [GOC:jl, PMID:17028272]


arginine-agmatine exchange transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lysine(out) + cadaverine(in) = lysine(in) + cadaverine(out). [GOC:jl, PMID:10986235, TC:2.A.3.2.2]


2,4-dihydroxyhept-2-ene-1,7-dioic acid aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-2-ketopimelate = succinate semialdehyde + pyruvate. [MetaCyc:4-HYDROXY-2-KETOPIMELATE-LYSIS-RXN]


indoleacetamide hydrolase activity
indole acetamide hydrolase activity
Tms2
IAH
IaaH

Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetamide + H2O = indole-3-acetate + NH3. Indole-3-acetamide is known as IAM and indole-3-acetate as IAA. [GOC:jl, RHEA:34371]


methionine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of methionine from one side of a membrane to the other. [GOC:jl]


AMP, sulfite:thioredoxin-disulfide oxidoreductase (adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate-forming)

thioredoxin-dependent 5'-adenylylsulfate reductase activity

adenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + sulfite + thioredoxin disulfide = 5'-adenylyl sulfate + thioredoxin. [EC:1.8.4.10]


archaeal tRNA-guanine transglycosylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA guanine + 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine = tRNA 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine + guanine. [PMID:16407303, PMID:7748953]


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-aminoadipate + acetyl-CoA = N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate + coenzyme A. [PMID:10613839, PMID:12925802, PMID:29053735]


N-acetyl-aminoadipate semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = N(2)-acetyl-L-gamma-aminoadipyl phosphate + NADPH. [MetaCyc:RXN-5183]


Catalysis of the reaction: delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate + NAD+ + 2 H2O = 2-aminoadipate + NADH + H+. Delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate is also known as 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylate. [MetaCyc:RXN-8162, PMID:16237033]


Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + CoA + oxidized flavodoxin = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced flavodoxin. [PMID:6352705]


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxobutanoate + coenzyme A = propionyl-CoA + formate. [PMID:9484901, RHEA:28054]


DtaAS
D-TA
D-allo-threonine aldolase activity
D-allo-TA

Catalysis of the reaction: D-threonine (or D-allo-threonine) = glycine + acetaldehyde. [MetaCyc:4.1.2.42-RXN, PMID:9642221]


Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-tagatose 6-phosphate + NH3. [PMID:10931310]


glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD) activity

non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD)

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD) (non-phosphorylating) activity

NAD+-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (non-phosphorylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD+ + H2O = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + NADH + H+. [PMID:9497334]


glycolic acid transmembrane transporter activity

hydroxyacetic acid transmembrane transporter activity

glycolate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glycolate from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycolate is the smallest alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). [GOC:jl, RHEA:29447]


Catalysis of the reduction of crotonyl-CoA to butyryl-CoA. [InterPro:IPR010085, PMID:11162231]


Catalysis of the hydration of mesaconyl-CoA to beta-methylmalyl-CoA. [PMID:16856935, PMID:16856937]


Na+:malate symporter activity
malate:sodium cotransporter activity
sodium-dependent malate transporter
malate Na(+) symporter activity
sodium/malate symporter activity
sodium:malate symporter activity
Na(+)-malate symporter activity
malate-sodium symporter activity
malate/sodium cotransporter activity
malate:Na+ symporter activity
malate/sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: malate(out) + Na+(out) = malate(in) + Na+(in). [GOC:jl, PMID:10903309]


Catalysis of the reaction: malate + H+ = L-lactate + CO2. [MetaCyc:RXN8E-5623, PMID:3139053]


The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a carboxysome, an organelle found in all cyanobacteria and some chemoautotrophs, consisting of a proteinaceous coat and enzymes for the fixation of CO(2). [GOC:jl, PMID:28934381]


Na+:melibiose symporter activity
sodium:melibiose symporter activity
melibiose/Na+ symporter activity
melibiose-sodium symporter activity
sodium/melibiose symporter activity
melibiose-Na+ symporter activity
Na+/melibiose symporter activity
melibiose:Na+ symporter activity
Na+-melibiose symporter activity
Na+ (Li+)/melibiose symporter activity
sodium-melibiose symporter activity
MelB
melibiose/sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: melibiose(out) + Na+(out) = melibiose(in) + Na+(in). [PMID:1970646]


2,3-dGGGPS
DGGGP synthase activity
DGGGPS
UbiA

(S)-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a geranylgeranyl group from geranylgeranyl diphosphate to (S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate to form (S)-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate. [PMID:15356000, PMID:16494480]


(S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the alkylation of the primary hydroxyl group in (S)-glyceryl phosphate by geranylgeranyl diphosphate to form (S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate. [PMID:12801917, PMID:17253090, PMID:8408023]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 6-sulfate groups of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate and of the D-galactose 6-sulfate units of keratan sulfate. [EC:3.1.6.4]


NAD(P)-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)) (phosphorylating)

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating)

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD(P)+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+. [EC:1.2.1.59]

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) (phosphorylating) activity


methylglyoxal reductase (NADPH-dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lactaldehyde + NADP+ = methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+. [EC:1.1.1.283]


cation-acetate symporter activity
ActP
cation/acetate symporter activity
acetate/cation symporter activity
acetate:cation symporter activity
cation:acetate symporter activity

Enables the transfer of acetate from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: acetate(out) + cation(out) = acetate(in) + cation(in). [GOC:jl, PMID:14563880]


acetyl-CoA synthetase acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the acetylation of residue Lys609 of the enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase, using acetyl-CoA as substrate. [PMID:15236963]


Catalysis of the cyclization of part of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan chain by formation of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic bond. [EC:2.4.1.19]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in (1->6)-alpha-D-glucans and derived oligosaccharides. [EC:3.2.1.70]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides so as to remove successive alpha-maltose residues from the non-reducing ends of the chains. [EC:3.2.1.133]


modification by symbiont of host morphology or physiology


negative regulation of metabolic activity during hibernation

down-regulation of metabolic activity during hibernation

inhibition of metabolic activity during hibernation

downregulation of metabolic activity during hibernation

down regulation of metabolic activity during hibernation

negative regulation of metabolic activity involved in hibernation

The slowing of metabolic processes to very low levels in order to conserve energy as a part of hibernation. [GOC:jl, Wikipedia:Hibernation]


main pathways of carbohydrate metabolic process


main pathways of carbohydrate metabolism


inhibition of nitric oxide biosynthetic process


down-regulation of meiotic recombination

down regulation of meiotic recombination

negative regulation of reciprocal meiotic recombination

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


stimulation of FasL biosynthetic process


proton-transporting F-type ATPase complex location


inhibition of MHC class I biosynthetic process


activation of MHC class I biosynthetic process


stimulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process


inhibition of MHC class II biosynthetic process


activation of MHC class II biosynthetic process


stimulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process


activation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process


stimulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process


male courtship behaviour, veined wing generated song production

male courtship behavior, song production

male courtship behaviour, song production

male courtship behavior, veined wing generated song production

The process during wing vibration where the male insect produces a species-specific acoustic signal called a love song. [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:11092827]


inhibition of female receptivity, post-mating


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R8 photoreceptor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The R8 photoreceptor is the founding receptor of each ommatidium. [PMID:11880339]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R7 photoreceptor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The R7 photoreceptor is the last photoreceptor to develop in the ommatidium. [PMID:11880339]


down regulation of R8 spacing
downregulation of R8 spacing
down-regulation of R8 spacing

negative regulation of R8 cell spacing in compound eye

Any process that stops or prevents the correct R8 cell spacing pattern in a compound eye. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, PMID:11880339]


inhibition of cholesterol biosynthetic process


activation of cholesterol biosynthetic process


stimulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process


tyrase activity
TAL activity
L-tyrosine ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine = NH(4)(+) + trans-4-coumarate. [RHEA:24906]


inhibition of cytotoxic T cell differentiation


activation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation


stimulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation


inhibition of gamma-delta T cell differentiation


activation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation


stimulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation


inhibition of regulatory T cell differentiation


activation of regulatory T cell differentiation


stimulation of regulatory T cell differentiation


inhibition of cumulus cell differentiation


activation of cumulus cell differentiation


stimulation of cumulus cell differentiation


inhibition of endothelial cell differentiation


activation of endothelial cell differentiation


stimulation of endothelial cell differentiation


inhibition of epidermal cell differentiation


activation of epidermal cell differentiation


stimulation of epidermal cell differentiation


inhibition of auditory receptor cell differentiation


activation of auditory receptor cell differentiation


stimulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation


inhibition of plasmatocyte differentiation


activation of plasmatocyte differentiation


stimulation of plasmatocyte differentiation


inhibition of keratinocyte differentiation


activation of keratinocyte differentiation


stimulation of keratinocyte differentiation


inhibition of lymphocyte differentiation


activation of lymphocyte differentiation


stimulation of lymphocyte differentiation


inhibition of T-helper cell differentiation


activation of T-helper cell differentiation


stimulation of T-helper cell differentiation


inhibition of T-helper 1 cell differentiation


activation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation


stimulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation


inhibition of T-helper 2 cell differentiation


activation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation


stimulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation


inhibition of mechanoreceptor differentiation


activation of mechanoreceptor differentiation


stimulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation


inhibition of melanocyte differentiation


activation of melanocyte differentiation


stimulation of melanocyte differentiation


inhibition of myeloid cell differentiation


activation of myeloid cell differentiation


stimulation of myeloid cell differentiation


inhibition of eosinophil differentiation


activation of eosinophil differentiation


stimulation of eosinophil differentiation


inhibition of erythrocyte differentiation


stimulation of erythrocyte differentiation

activation of erythrocyte differentiation


inhibition of macrophage differentiation


activation of macrophage differentiation


stimulation of macrophage differentiation


inhibition of megakaryocyte differentiation


activation of megakaryocyte differentiation


stimulation of megakaryocyte differentiation


inhibition of neutrophil differentiation


activation of neutrophil differentiation


stimulation of neutrophil differentiation


inhibition of osteoblast differentiation


activation of osteoblast differentiation


stimulation of osteoblast differentiation


inhibition of osteoclast differentiation


activation of osteoclast differentiation


stimulation of osteoclast differentiation


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of R7 differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of R8 differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


inhibition of glial cell differentiation


activation of glial cell differentiation


stimulation of glial cell differentiation


inhibition of antipodal cell differentiation


activation of antipodal cell differentiation


stimulation of antipodal cell differentiation


inhibition of female gametophyte central cell differentiation


activation of female gametophyte central cell differentiation


stimulation of female gametophyte central cell differentiation


inhibition of female gametophyte egg cell differentiation


activation of female gametophyte egg cell differentiation


stimulation of female gametophyte egg cell differentiation


inhibition of spermatid nuclear differentiation


activation of spermatid nuclear differentiation


stimulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation


inhibition of salivary gland determination


activation of salivary gland determination


stimulation of salivary gland determination


inhibition of adult salivary gland determination


inhibition of larval salivary gland determination


activation of adult salivary gland determination


stimulation of adult salivary gland determination


activation of larval salivary gland determination


stimulation of larval salivary gland determination


inhibition of fatty acid biosynthetic process


inhibition of glycogen biosynthetic process


inhibition of integrin biosynthetic process


activation of fatty acid biosynthetic process


stimulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process


activation of glycogen biosynthetic process


stimulation of glycogen biosynthetic process


activation of integrin biosynthetic process


stimulation of integrin biosynthetic process


activation of protein biosynthetic process


stimulation of protein biosynthetic process


stimulation of protein catabolic process


inhibition of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity


activation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity


stimulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity


activation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity


stimulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity


up regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity

upregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity

up-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity

positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity

positive regulation of EGF receptor activity

positive regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of EGF-activated receptor activity. [GOC:go_curators]


activation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway


stimulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway


activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway


stimulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway


inhibition of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway


activation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway


stimulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway


stimulation of acetate catabolic process


inhibition of initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate


activation of initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate


stimulation of initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate


stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity


down-regulation of amino acid metabolic process

negative regulation of amino acid metabolism

down regulation of amino acid metabolic process

downregulation of amino acid metabolic process

negative regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acid. [GOC:go_curators]


inhibition of amino acid metabolic process


activation of amino acid metabolic process


stimulation of amino acid metabolic process


positive regulation of amino acid metabolism

up regulation of amino acid metabolic process

upregulation of amino acid metabolic process

up-regulation of amino acid metabolic process

positive regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acid. [GOC:go_curators]


inhibition of beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process


activation of beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process


stimulation of beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process


adaptive immune response in jawless fish

adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of VLR built from LRR domains

adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of variable lymphocyte receptors built from leucine-rich repeat domains

adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from leucine-rich repeat domains

An immune response mediated by lymphocytes expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process that includes somatic recombination of variable lymphocyte receptors (VLR) incorporating leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains, and allowing for enhanced responses upon subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). Examples of this process are found in jawless fish, including the lampreys (Petromyzontidae) and hagfishes (Myxinidae). [GOC:add, GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:16373579]


inhibition of progression through cell cycle


activation of progression through cell cycle


stimulation of progression through cell cycle


downregulation of cholesterol absorption

down-regulation of cholesterol absorption

down regulation of cholesterol absorption

negative regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the intestine. [GOC:go_curators]


activation of cholesterol absorption
stimulation of cholesterol absorption
up regulation of cholesterol absorption
up-regulation of cholesterol absorption
upregulation of cholesterol absorption

positive regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the intestine. [GOC:go_curators]


inhibition of establishment of competence for transformation


activation of establishment of competence for transformation


stimulation of establishment of competence for transformation


inhibition of frizzled-2 signaling pathway


activation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway


stimulation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway


inhibition of gene expression, epigenetic


activation of gene expression, epigenetic


stimulation of gene expression, epigenetic


inhibition of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter


inhibition of glycogen catabolic process


activation of glycogen catabolic process


stimulation of glycogen catabolic process


negative regulation of cardiac contraction


inhibition of isoprenoid metabolic process


activation of isoprenoid metabolic process


stimulation of isoprenoid metabolic process


inhibition of light-activated channel activity


activation of light-activated channel activity


stimulation of light-activated channel activity


Any process that starts the inactive process of meiosis. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


inhibition of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition


activation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition


stimulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition


inhibition of striated muscle development

down-regulation of striated muscle development

downregulation of striated muscle development

down regulation of striated muscle development

negative regulation of striated muscle tissue development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development. [GOC:go_curators]


up regulation of striated muscle development

upregulation of striated muscle development

up-regulation of striated muscle development

stimulation of striated muscle development

activation of striated muscle development

positive regulation of striated muscle tissue development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development. [GOC:go_curators]


negative regulation of nurse cell apoptosis

negative regulation of nurse cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]


inhibition of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization


activation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization


stimulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization


inhibition of pteridine metabolic process


activation of pteridine metabolic process


stimulation of pteridine metabolic process


inhibition of retroviral genome replication


activation of retroviral genome replication


stimulation of retroviral genome replication


inhibition of sevenless signaling pathway


activation of sevenless signaling pathway


stimulation of sevenless signaling pathway


stimulation of sister chromatid cohesion


inhibition of smoothened signaling pathway


negative regulation of smoothened receptor activity by patched


activation of smoothened signaling pathway


positive regulation of smoothened receptor activity by patched


stimulation of smoothened signaling pathway


upregulation of sporulation
up regulation of sporulation
up-regulation of sporulation

positive regulation of sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation. [GOC:go_curators]


inhibition of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction


activation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction


stimulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction


down regulation of transcription, mating-type specific

downregulation of transcription, mating-type specific

down-regulation of transcription, mating-type specific

negative regulation of mating-type specific transcription, DNA-dependent

negative regulation of mating-type specific transcription, DNA-templated

Any mating-type specific process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of cellular DNA-templated transcription. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]


inhibition of transcription, mating-type specific


activation of transcription, mating-type specific


stimulation of transcription, mating-type specific


positive regulation of mating-type specific transcription, DNA-dependent

up regulation of transcription, mating-type specific

up-regulation of transcription, mating-type specific

upregulation of transcription, mating-type specific

positive regulation of mating-type specific transcription, DNA-templated

Any mating-type specific process that activates or increases the rate of cellular DNA-templated transcription. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]


stimulation of translational termination


inhibition of carbohydrate metabolic process


activation of carbohydrate metabolic process


stimulation of carbohydrate metabolic process


inhibition of catecholamine metabolic process


activation of catecholamine metabolic process


stimulation of catecholamine metabolic process


inhibition of fatty acid metabolic process


activation of fatty acid metabolic process


stimulation of fatty acid metabolic process


inhibition of juvenile hormone metabolic process


activation of juvenile hormone metabolic process


stimulation of juvenile hormone metabolic process


inhibition of progression through mitotic cell cycle


activation of progression through mitotic cell cycle


stimulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle


inhibition of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process


activation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process


stimulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process


inhibition of phosphate metabolic process


activation of phosphate metabolic process


stimulation of phosphate metabolic process


activation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep


stimulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep


stimulation of steroid metabolic process


activation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter


stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter


activation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter


stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter


inhibition of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity


activation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity


stimulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity


inhibition of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis


activation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis


stimulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis


inhibition of complement activation, alternative pathway


activation of complement activation, alternative pathway


stimulation of complement activation, alternative pathway


inhibition of complement activation, classical pathway


activation of complement activation, classical pathway


stimulation of complement activation, classical pathway


inhibition of development, heterochronic


activation of development, heterochronic


stimulation of development, heterochronic


inhibition of dopamine metabolic process


activation of dopamine metabolic process


stimulation of dopamine metabolic process


inhibition of ecdysteroid metabolic process


activation of ecdysteroid metabolic process


stimulation of ecdysteroid metabolic process


inhibition of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process


activation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process


stimulation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process


inhibition of juvenile hormone catabolic process


activation of juvenile hormone catabolic process


stimulation of juvenile hormone catabolic process


inhibition of juvenile hormone secretion


activation of juvenile hormone secretion


stimulation of juvenile hormone secretion


regulation of translation, ncRNA-mediated

Any process, mediated by small non-coding RNAs, that modulates the frequency, rate or extent that mRNAs are effectively translated into protein. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]


up regulation of mRNA translation, ncRNA-mediated

up-regulation of mRNA translation, ncRNA-mediated

upregulation of mRNA translation, ncRNA-mediated

positive regulation of translation, ncRNA-mediated

Any process, mediated by small non-coding RNAs, that activates or increases the rate that mRNAs are effectively translated into protein. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]


activation of mRNA translation, ncRNA-mediated


stimulation of mRNA translation, ncRNA-mediated


inhibition of progression through embryonic mitotic cell cycle


activation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic


stimulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic


inhibition of nucleoside metabolic process


activation of nucleoside metabolic process


stimulation of nucleoside metabolic process


inhibition of nucleotide metabolic process


activation of nucleotide metabolic process


stimulation of nucleotide metabolic process


inhibition of purine base metabolic process


activation of purine base metabolic process


stimulation of purine base metabolic process


inhibition of pyrimidine base metabolic process


activation of pyrimidine base metabolic process


stimulation of pyrimidine base metabolic process


A process in which the extent of smooth muscle contraction is reduced. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length. [GOC:jl]


stimulation of smooth muscle contraction


inhibition of striated muscle contraction


activation of striated muscle contraction


stimulation of striated muscle contraction


inhibition of translational initiation by iron


activation of translational initiation by iron


stimulation of translational initiation by iron


inhibition of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process


activation of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process


stimulation of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process


inhibition of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle


activation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle


stimulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle


inhibition of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle


activation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle


stimulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle


activation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep


stimulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep


inhibition of activated T cell proliferation


activation of female receptivity, post-mating


stimulation of female receptivity, post-mating


activation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep


stimulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep


inhibition of T cell homeostatic proliferation


NAD-dependent mannitol dehydrogenase activity


stimulation of vitamin metabolic process


inhibition of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process


activation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process


stimulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process


aminoglycoside acetyltransferase AAC(3)-I activity


inhibition of photoreceptor cell differentiation


activation of photoreceptor cell differentiation


stimulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation


bifunctional L(+)-tartrate dehydrogenase-D(+)-malate (decarboxylating)


3-methylbutanal reductase [NAD(P)] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylbutanol + NAD(P)+ = 3-methylbutanal + NAD(P)H + H+. 3-methylbutanal is also known as isovaleraldehyde. [EC:1.1.1.265]


activation of Ras protein signal transduction


stimulation of Ras protein signal transduction


inhibition of Ras protein signal transduction


activation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion


stimulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion


inhibition of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion


Aspergillus oryzae ribonuclease activity


regulation of viral penetration into host cell

regulation of viral entry into host cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the viral entry into the host cell. [GOC:jl]


negative regulation of viral penetration into host cell

negative regulation of viral entry into host cell

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the entry of viral entry into a host cell. [GOC:jl]


positive regulation of viral penetration into host cell

positive regulation of viral entry into host cell

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of viral entry into the host cell. [GOC:jl]


inhibition of mitotic centrosome separation


activation of mitotic centrosome separation


stimulation of mitotic centrosome separation


inhibition of insulin receptor signaling pathway


activation of insulin receptor signaling pathway


stimulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway


activation of alpha-beta T cell activation


stimulation of alpha-beta T cell activation


inhibition of alpha-beta T cell activation


activation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation


stimulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation


inhibition of alpha-beta T cell differentiation


activation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation


stimulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation


inhibition of alpha-beta T cell proliferation


inhibition of gamma-delta T cell activation


activation of gamma-delta T cell activation


stimulation of gamma-delta T cell activation


inhibition of gamma-delta T cell proliferation


activation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation


stimulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation


activation of retinal programmed cell death


stimulation of retinal programmed cell death


inhibition of retinal programmed cell death


inhibition of viral protein levels in host cell


activation of viral protein levels in host cell


stimulation of viral protein levels in host cell


inhibition of nucleocytoplasmic transport


activation of nucleocytoplasmic transport


stimulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport


inhibition of protein export from nucleus


activation of protein export from nucleus


stimulation of protein export from nucleus


myo-inositol and derivative phosphorylation


metal ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of metal ions from one side of a membrane to the other. [GOC:ai]


activation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion


stimulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion


inhibition of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion


activation of hormone biosynthetic process


stimulation of hormone biosynthetic process


activation of lipid biosynthetic process


stimulation of lipid biosynthetic process


inhibition of neurotransmitter secretion


type I phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity


OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out). Found in eukaryotic mitochondria and chloroplasts and in bacteria. [TC:3.A.2.1.1, TC:3.A.2.1.3]


activation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process


stimulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process


inhibition of hemoglobin biosynthetic process


21-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) activity

21-hydroxy steroid (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) dehydrogenase activity


21-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase activity


3-beta-hydroxy-4-beta-methylcholestenecarboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity


sterol 4-alpha-carboxylic decarboxylase activity


NAD-dependent 12alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity


L-glycerol 3-phosphate:NADP oxidoreductase activity

NADPH-dependent glycerin-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity

glycerol phosphate (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) dehydrogenase activity

glycerol-3-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase [NADP+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + NADP(+) = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H(+) + NADPH. [EC:1.1.1.177, RHEA:19773]


3(or 17)alpha-hydroxysteroid:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase activity


3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity


3alpha(or 17beta)-hydroxysteroid:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity


3alpha,17beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase activity


androsterone dehydrogenase (B-specific) activity

3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (B-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + androsterone = NAD(P)H + H+ + 5-alpha-androstane-3,17-dione. The reaction is B-specific (i.e. the pro-S hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to NAD(P)+. [EC:1.1.1.50, MetaCyc:1.1.1.50-RXN]


3alpha(or 20beta)-hydroxysteroid:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity


D-2-hydroxy fatty acid dehydrogenase activity

(R)-2-hydroxy-fatty acid dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxystearate + NAD(+) = 2-oxostearate + H(+) + NADH. [EC:1.1.1.98, RHEA:15949]


L-2-hydroxy fatty acid dehydrogenase activity

(S)-2-hydroxy-fatty acid dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxystearate + NAD(+) = 2-oxostearate + H(+) + NADH. [EC:1.1.1.99, RHEA:11384]


Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyuridine + 2-oxoglutarate + O(2) = 2-deoxy-D-ribono-1,4-lactone + CO(2) + succinate + uracil. [EC:1.14.11.10, RHEA:23316]


Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyuridine + 2-oxoglutarate + O(2) = CO(2) + succinate + uridine. [EC:1.14.11.3, RHEA:21076]


thymidine 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase activity


regulation of cardiac contraction during acute phase response


inhibition of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade


activation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade


stimulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade


inhibition of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade


activation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade


stimulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade


inhibition of antigen processing and presentation


activation of antigen processing and presentation


stimulation of antigen processing and presentation


inhibition of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II


activation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II


stimulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II


inhibition of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen


activation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen


stimulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen


inhibition of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II


activation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II


stimulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II


inhibition of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I


activation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I


stimulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I


inhibition of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib


activation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib


stimulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib


inhibition of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib


activation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib


stimulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib


protein disulfide reductase (NAD(P)H) activity

protein disulphide oxidoreductase activity

peptide disulphide oxidoreductase activity

protein-disulfide reductase (NAD(P)) activity

peptide disulfide oxidoreductase activity

protein disulfide oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a protein with reduced sulfide groups = a protein with oxidized disulfide bonds. [PMID:7559385]


bis-g-glutamylcystine reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + NADP(+) = bis-gamma-glutamylcystine + H(+) + NADPH. [EC:1.8.1.13, RHEA:11980]

bis-gamma-glutamylcystine reductase (NADPH) activity


blood platelet-activating factor acetyltransferase activity


lyso-GPC:acetyl CoA acetyltransferase activity


lyso-platelet-activating factor:acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase activity

lyso-platelet activating factor:acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase activity


platelet-activating factor acylhydrolase activity


platelet-activating factor-synthesizing enzyme activity


sucrose:1,6-, 1,3-alpha-D-glucan 3-alpha- and 6-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase


core 6-beta-GalNAc-transferase B activity


uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-mucin beta(1->6)-acetylglucosaminyltransferase B


uridine diphosphoacetylgalactosamine-chondroitin acetylgalactosaminyltransferase I


uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-glycopeptide beta-1->4-acetylglucosaminyltransferase VI activity

N-glycosyl-oligosaccharide-glycoprotein N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase VI activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6-beta-D-(N-acetyl-B-glucosaminyl-1,2)-beta-D-mannosyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6-beta-D-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-beta)-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,4-beta)-D-mannosyl-R + UDP. [EC:2.4.1.201, MetaCyc:2.4.1.201-RXN]


phenylalanine (histidine) aminotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + L-phenylalanine = phenylpyruvate + L-alanine. [EC:2.6.1.58, MetaCyc:2.6.1.58-RXN]


inositol trisphosphate 6-kinase activity


guanosine diphosphohexose pyrophosphorylase activity


ADP-dependent propionyl-CoA thioesterase activity


medium-chain acyl coenzyme A hydrolase activity

medium-chain acyl-thioester hydrolase activity

medium-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a medium-chain acyl-CoA = a medium-chain carboxylate + CoA. A medium chain is a chain of between eight and twelve carbons in length. [EC:3.1.2.19]


ADP-dependent myristoyl-CoA thioesterase activity


6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol diacyl-sn-glycerol-lyase [6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1D-myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate-forming]


nalpha-benzyloxycarbonyl amino acid urethane hydrolase IV


reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrate dehydratase activity


long-chain-fatty-acid luciferin component ligase activity

long-chain fatty acid luciferin component ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein + an acid + ATP = an acyl-protein thiolester + diphosphate + AMP. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22. [EC:6.2.1.19, MetaCyc:6.2.1.19-RXN]


NAD(P)-independent quinate dehydrogenase activity

quinate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-quinate + pyrroloquinoline-quinone = (-)-3-dehydroquinate + pyrroloquinoline-quinol. [RHEA:23672]


12beta-hydroxy steroid (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) dehydrogenase activity


Catalysis of the reaction: 15-keto-prostaglandin + NAD(P)H + H+ -> 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin + NAD(P)+. This reaction is the reduction of 15-keto-prostaglandin. [EC:1.3.1.48, GOC:mw, KEGG_REACTION:R04556, KEGG_REACTION:R04557, PMID:17449869]


2-oxoglutarate semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity

alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity

2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dioxopentanoate + NADP+ + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+. [EC:1.2.1.26, MetaCyc:25-DIOXOVALERATE-DEHYDROGENASE-RXN]


alpha-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (NAD+ specific)


3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropanoate + NAD(+) = 3-oxopropanoate + H(+) + NADH. [EC:1.1.1.59, RHEA:13357]


polyethylene glycol dehydrogenase activity


cellobiose dehydrogenase (quinone) activity


bile acid coenzyme A ligase activity
BAL activity


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylpropanoate + ATP = 2-methylpropanoyl phosphate + ADP + H(+). [EC:2.7.2.14, RHEA:24156]


L-cysteine transaminase activity
cysteine transaminase activity
cysteine aminotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + 2-oxoglutarate = mercaptopyruvate + L-glutamate. [RHEA:17441]


Catalysis of the reaction: D-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate = pyruvate + D-glutamate. [EC:2.6.1.21, MetaCyc:D-ALANINE-AMINOTRANSFERASE-RXN]


D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose + NAD+ = D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NADH. [EC:1.1.1.116, MetaCyc:D-ARABINOSE-1-DEHYDROGENASE-RXN]


Catalysis of the reaction: N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine + NADP+ + H2O = L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH. [EC:1.5.1.19, MetaCyc:D-NOPALINE-DEHYDROGENASE-RXN]


NAD-linked D-xylose dehydrogenase activity

(NAD)-linked D-xylose dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylose + NAD+ = D-xylonolactone + NADH. [EC:1.1.1.175, MetaCyc:D-XYLOSE-1-DEHYDROGENASE-RXN]


long chain fatty acid peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H(2)O(2) + H(+) + palmitate = CO(2) + 3 H(2)O + pentadecanal. [EC:1.11.1.3, RHEA:23960]


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + gentamicin C(1a) = N(2')-acetylgentamicin C(1a) + CoA + H(+). This is acetylation of the 2'-amino group of the 6-deoxy-6-aminoglucose ring. [EC:2.3.1.59, RHEA:24516]


gentamicin acetyltransferase II activity


glucose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucose + NAD(P)+ = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + NAD(P)H. [EC:1.1.1.47]


glutamine-alpha-keto acid transamidase activity


glutamine-alpha-keto acid transaminase activity


glutamine-keto acid aminotransferase activity


glutamine-oxo acid aminotransferase activity


Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + pyruvate = 2-oxoglutaramate + L-alanine. [EC:2.6.1.15, RHEA:10400]


Catalysis of the reaction: formononetin + NADPH + O2 = 2'-hydroxyformononetin + NADP+ + H2O. [EC:1.14.14.89, MetaCyc:ISOFLAVONE-2-HYDROXYLASE-RXN]


Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate. [EC:2.6.1.4, MetaCyc:GLYCINE-AMINOTRANSFERASE-RXN]


Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + glyoxylate + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + oxalyl-CoA. [EC:1.2.1.17, RHEA:21024]

glyoxylate dehydrogenase (acylating) activity


inhibition of melanin biosynthetic process


activation of melanin biosynthetic process


stimulation of melanin biosynthetic process


downregulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

negative regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

down regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

down-regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

negative regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism. [GOC:jid]


inhibition of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome


activation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome


stimulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome


up-regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

up regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

upregulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

positive regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

positive regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism. [GOC:jid]


regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the cuticle of an organism. [GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_sensu]


down regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation

downregulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation

down-regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation

negative regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the cuticle of an organism. [GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_sensu]


inhibition of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation


upregulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation

up regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation

up-regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation

positive regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the cuticle of an organism. [GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_sensu]


activation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation


stimulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation


adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation

Establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the chitin-containing cuticle of an organism. An example of this is the adult cuticle pigmentation process in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_sensu]


activation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity


stimulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity


inhibition of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity


activation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity


stimulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity


inhibition of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity


activation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane


stimulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane


inhibition of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane


L-ornithine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-ornithine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-ornithine is 2,5-diaminopentanoic acid. [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729]


sulphur amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

sulfur amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of sulfur amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Sulphur amino acids contain sulfur in the form of cystine, methionine or their derivatives. [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729]


L-methionine secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-methionine from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters. [GOC:mtg_transport]


inhibition of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib


activation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib


stimulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib


inhibition of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II


activation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II


stimulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II


inhibition of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation


activation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation


stimulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation


inhibition of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation


activation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation


stimulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation


inhibition of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation


activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation


stimulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation


inhibition of monocyte antigen processing and presentation


activation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation


stimulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation


inhibition of macrophage antigen processing and presentation


activation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation


stimulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation


inhibition of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation


activation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation


stimulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation


inhibition of B cell antigen processing and presentation


activation of B cell antigen processing and presentation


stimulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation


inhibition of T cell antigen processing and presentation


activation of T cell antigen processing and presentation


stimulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation


inhibition of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation


activation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation


stimulation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation


stimulation of germinal center formation


stimulation of immunoglobulin production


inhibition of central tolerance induction


activation of central tolerance induction


stimulation of central tolerance induction


inhibition of tolerance induction to self antigen


activation of tolerance induction to self antigen


stimulation of tolerance induction to self antigen


inhibition of telomeric recombination at telomere


high affinity phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

high-affinity phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations. [GOC:jid, PMID:8709965]


activation of receptor mediated endocytosis


stimulation of receptor mediated endocytosis


inhibition of receptor mediated endocytosis


inhibition of isotype switching to IgE isotypes


activation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes


stimulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes


inhibition of isotype switching to IgA isotypes


activation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes


stimulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes


inhibition of isotype switching to IgD isotypes


activation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes


stimulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes


inhibition of isotype switching to IgG isotypes


activation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes


stimulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes


inhibition of axial mesodermal cell fate determination


activation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination


stimulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination


inhibition of axial mesodermal cell fate specification


activation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification


stimulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification


inhibition of mesodermal cell fate determination


activation of mesodermal cell fate determination


stimulation of mesodermal cell fate determination


activation of mesodermal cell fate specification


stimulation of mesodermal cell fate specification


activation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination


stimulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination


inhibition of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination


activation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification


stimulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification


inhibition of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification


inhibition of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination


activation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination


stimulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination


activation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification


stimulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification


inhibition of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification


activation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway


stimulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway


inhibition of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway


inhibition of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination


activation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination


stimulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination


activation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification


stimulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification


inhibition of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification


Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus. [GOC:jid]


L-threonine O-3-phosphate carboxy-lyase [(R)-1-aminopropan-2-yl-phosphate-forming]


activation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering


stimulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering


inhibition of short-day photoperiodism, flowering


activation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering


stimulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering


inhibition of long-day photoperiodism, flowering


inhibition of post-embryonic development


activation of post-embryonic development


stimulation of post-embryonic development


downregulation of skeletal muscle growth

down-regulation of skeletal muscle growth

down regulation of skeletal muscle growth

negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle growth. [GOC:lm, PMID:15726494, PMID:15907921]


activation of skeletal muscle growth
up regulation of skeletal muscle growth
upregulation of skeletal muscle growth
up-regulation of skeletal muscle growth

positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle growth. [GOC:lm, PMID:15726494, PMID:15907921]


down regulation of muscle development
downregulation of muscle development
inhibition of muscle development
down-regulation of muscle development

negative regulation of muscle organ development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle development. [GOC:go_curators]


up regulation of muscle development
upregulation of muscle development
stimulation of muscle development
up-regulation of muscle development
activation of muscle development

positive regulation of muscle organ development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of muscle development. [GOC:go_curators]


down regulation of skeletal muscle development

inhibition of skeletal muscle development

downregulation of skeletal muscle development

down-regulation of skeletal muscle development

negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle tissue development. [GOC:go_curators]


stimulation of skeletal muscle development

activation of skeletal muscle development

upregulation of skeletal muscle development

up-regulation of skeletal muscle development

up regulation of skeletal muscle development

positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle tissue development. [GOC:go_curators]


activation of smooth muscle cell proliferation


stimulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation


inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation


activation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury


stimulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury


inhibition of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury


stimulation of sprouting of injured axon


activation of axon extension involved in regeneration


stimulation of axon extension involved in regeneration


inhibition of axon extension involved in regeneration


activation of collateral sprouting of injured axon


stimulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon


inhibition of collateral sprouting of injured axon


activation of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury


stimulation of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury


inhibition of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury


stimulation of astrocyte differentiation


activation of oligodendrocyte differentiation


stimulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation


inhibition of oligodendrocyte differentiation


activation of skeletal muscle fiber development


stimulation of skeletal muscle fiber development


inhibition of skeletal muscle fiber development


inhibition of leucophore differentiation


activation of leucophore differentiation


stimulation of leucophore differentiation


inhibition of erythrophore differentiation


activation of erythrophore differentiation


stimulation of erythrophore differentiation


inhibition of cyanophore differentiation


activation of cyanophore differentiation


stimulation of cyanophore differentiation


imaginal disc-derived male genitalia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of male genitalia are generated and organized from the genital imaginal disc. [GOC:ai, GOC:sensu]


imaginal disc-derived genitalia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of genitalia are generated and organized from the genital imaginal disc. [GOC:ai, GOC:sensu]


The regionalization process that modulates the quantity of a particular type of plant organ. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:tb]


activation of axon extension involved in axon guidance


stimulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance


inhibition of axon extension involved in axon guidance


Any process involved in the maintenance of the internal steady state of the amount of a chemical at the level of the retina. [GOC:isa_complete]


Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in the retina. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:tb]


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-leucine = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamatic acid. [EC:2.6.1.42, MetaCyc:BRANCHED-CHAINAMINOTRANSFERLEU-RXN]


leucine 2-oxoglutarate transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-leucine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate. [EC:2.6.1.6, MetaCyc:LEUCINE-AMINOTRANSFERASE-RXN]


protein phosphatase-2A activity
protein phosphatase 2A


nalpha-benzyloxycarbonyl amino acid urethane hydrolase I


Catalysis of the reaction: nitroalkane + H2O + O2 = an aldehyde or ketone + nitrite + H2O2. [EC:1.7.3.1]


nucleoside deoxyribosyltransferase I (purine nucleoside:purine deoxyribosyltransferase: strictly specific for transfer between purine bases)


nucleoside deoxyribosyltransferase II [purine(pyrimidine) nucleoside:purine(pyrimidine) deoxyribosyltransferase]


octopamine hydro-lyase [deaminating; (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde-forming]


L-serine hydro-lyase [adding pyrazole; 3-(pyrazol-1-yl)-L-alanine-forming]


Catalysis of the reaction: NADP(+) + pyridoxine = H(+) + NADPH + pyridoxal. [EC:1.1.1.65, RHEA:16129]


pyruvate-inorganic phosphate dikinase activity

ATP:pyruvate, phosphate phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + phosphate + pyruvate = AMP + diphosphate + 2 H(+) + phosphoenolpyruvate. [EC:2.7.9.1, RHEA:10756]


G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 1 activity


ribitol dehydrogenase B (mutant enzyme with different properties)


ribitol dehydrogenase D (mutant enzyme with different properties)


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + streptomycin = ADP + 2 H(+) + streptomycin 6-phosphate. [EC:2.7.1.72, RHEA:22268]


Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose 6F-phosphate + H2O = sucrose + phosphate. [EC:3.1.3.24, MetaCyc:SUCROSE-PHOSPHATASE-RXN]


thiamin diphosphate phosphotransferase activity

protein bound thiamin diphosphate:ATP phosphoryltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thiamin diphosphate = ADP + thiamin triphosphate. [EC:2.7.4.15, MetaCyc:THIAMIN-DIPHOSPHATE-KINASE-RXN]


Catalysis of the reaction: pyridine + thiamine = 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole + heteropyrithiamine. [EC:2.5.1.2, RHEA:17697]


Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from L-tryptophan to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid. [GOC:mah]


tryptophan aminotransferase activity
tryptophan transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + 2-oxoglutarate = indolepyruvate + L-glutamate. [EC:2.6.1.27, MetaCyc:TRYPTOPHAN-AMINOTRANSFERASE-RXN]


acetyl-CoA carboxylase bound kinase activity


acetyl-CoA carboxylase kinase-2 activity

acetyl-CoA carboxylase kinase 2 activity


acetyl-CoA carboxylase kinase-3 (AMP-activated) activity


cd-cytochrome nitrite reductase activity


cytochrome c-551:O(2), NO(2)(+) oxidoreductase activity


methyl viologen-nitrite reductase activity


Catalysis of the reaction: thiamine + 2 O2 = thiamine acetic acid + 2 H2O2. [EC:1.1.3.23, MetaCyc:THIAMIN-OXIDASE-RXN]


geranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [cyclizing, (-)-endo-fenchol-forming]


New coccine (NC)-reductase activity
new coccine (NC)-reductase


acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase [thioester-hydrolysing, (pro-R)-carboxymethyl-forming]


CoA-disulfide reductase (NAD(P)H) activity


amino alcohol O-phosphate phospholyase activity


assimilatory NAD(P)H-nitrate reductase activity


4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde hydro-lyase [adding dopamine; (S)-norcoclaurine-forming]


histo-blood group P(k) UDP-galactose activity


poly((R)-hydroxyalkanoic acid) depolymerase activity


geranyldiphosphate diphosphate lyase (pinene forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = pinene + diphosphate. [EC:4.2.3.14, MetaCyc:4.2.3.14-RXN]

geranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing, pinene-forming)


geranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [cyclizing, (-)-(4S)-limonene-forming]


geranyldiphosphate diphosphate lyase [cyclizing, (4S)-limonene-forming]


nondiscriminating aspartyl-tRNA synthetase activity


nondiscriminating glutamyl-tRNA synthetase activity


4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase II activity


Catalysis of the reaction: flavan-3,3',4,4',5,5',7-heptol + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate = H+ + delphinidin + 2 H2O + carbon dioxide + succinate. [EC:1.14.11.-, GOC:pz]


n-tetradecanoyl-CoA,NAD(P)H:O2 oxidoreductase [11-(E) desaturating]


n-tetradecanoyl-CoA,NADPH:O2 oxidoreductase [11-(E) desaturating]


alpha-hydroxy-gamma-carboxymuconic epsilon-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity

2-hydroxy-4-carboxymuconate 6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity

4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde hemiacetal dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde hemiacetal + NADP(+) = 2-oxo-2H-pyran-4,6-dicarboxylate + H(+) + NADPH. [RHEA:29587]


peroxisomal 3-oxoacyl coenzyme A thiolase


peroxisome sterol carrier protein thiolase


activation of homocysteine metabolic process


stimulation of homocysteine metabolic process


inhibition of homocysteine metabolic process


inhibition of urothelial cell proliferation


activation of urothelial cell proliferation


stimulation of urothelial cell proliferation


activation of epithelial cell proliferation


stimulation of epithelial cell proliferation


inhibition of epithelial cell proliferation


inhibition of antiviral response by host


activation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation


stimulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation


inhibition of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation


activation of lipoprotein metabolic process


stimulation of lipoprotein metabolic process


inhibition of lipoprotein metabolic process


The portion of the budding yeast plasma membrane where a daughter cell will emerge. The yeast marks this spot with bud-site selection proteins before bud emergence occurs. Actin is polarized to this spot just prior to and during bud emergence. [GOC:clt]


NADH pyrophosphohydrolase activity
NADH diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H2O = AMP + NMNH + 2 H+. [PMID:12399474, PMID:20181750, RHEA:48868]


oxaloacetate secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of oxaloacetate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters. [GOC:mtg_transport]


inhibition of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response


activation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response


stimulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response


inhibition of tolerance induction to nonself antigen


activation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen


stimulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen


inhibition of peripheral tolerance induction


activation of peripheral tolerance induction


stimulation of peripheral tolerance induction


inhibition of B cell tolerance induction


activation of B cell tolerance induction


stimulation of B cell tolerance induction


inhibition of T cell tolerance induction


activation of T cell tolerance induction


stimulation of T cell tolerance induction


inhibition of acute inflammatory response


activation of acute inflammatory response


stimulation of acute inflammatory response


inhibition of chronic inflammatory response


activation of chronic inflammatory response


stimulation of chronic inflammatory response


inhibition of production of molecular mediator of immune response


activation of production of molecular mediator of immune response


stimulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response


inhibition of leukocyte mediated immunity


activation of leukocyte mediated immunity


stimulation of leukocyte mediated immunity


inhibition of lymphocyte mediated immunity


activation of lymphocyte mediated immunity


stimulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity


inhibition of natural killer cell mediated immunity


activation of natural killer cell mediated immunity


stimulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity


inhibition of cytokine production during immune response


activation of cytokine production during immune response


stimulation of cytokine production during immune response


upregulation of cytokine production during immune response

up-regulation of cytokine production during immune response

up regulation of cytokine production during immune response


inhibition of B cell cytokine production


activation of B cell cytokine production


stimulation of B cell cytokine production


inhibition of T cell cytokine production


activation of T cell cytokine production


stimulation of T cell cytokine production


inhibition of natural killer cell cytokine production


activation of natural killer cell cytokine production


stimulation of natural killer cell cytokine production


inhibition of dendritic cell cytokine production


activation of dendritic cell cytokine production


stimulation of dendritic cell cytokine production


inhibition of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production


activation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production


stimulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production


inhibition of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production


activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production


stimulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production


activation of antimicrobial humoral response


stimulation of antimicrobial humoral response


inhibition of myeloid leukocyte differentiation


activation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation


stimulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation


inhibition of antimicrobial peptide production


inhibition of antibacterial peptide production


inhibition of antifungal peptide production


inhibition of antimicrobial peptide secretion


activation of antimicrobial peptide secretion


stimulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion


inhibition of antibacterial peptide secretion


activation of antibacterial peptide secretion


stimulation of antibacterial peptide secretion


inhibition of antifungal peptide secretion


activation of antifungal peptide secretion


stimulation of antifungal peptide secretion


activation of antibacterial peptide production


stimulation of antibacterial peptide production


activation of antifungal peptide production


stimulation of antifungal peptide production


inhibition of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process


activation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process


stimulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process


inhibition of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process


inhibition of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process


biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibacterial peptide with activity against Gram-negative bacteria. [GOC:add, PMID:11807545]


regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria. [GOC:add]


down-regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria

downregulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria

down regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria

negative regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria. [GOC:add]


inhibition of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria


biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibacterial peptide with activity against Gram-positive bacteria. [GOC:add]


regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria. [GOC:add]


downregulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria

down regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria

down-regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria

negative regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria. [GOC:add]


inhibition of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria


inhibition of T-helper 1 type immune response


activation of T-helper 1 type immune response


stimulation of T-helper 1 type immune response


inhibition of response to biotic stimulus


activation of response to biotic stimulus


stimulation of response to biotic stimulus


inhibition of immune response to tumor cell


activation of immune response to tumor cell


stimulation of immune response to tumor cell


inhibition of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell


activation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell


stimulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell


inhibition of tolerance induction to tumor cell


activation of tolerance induction to tumor cell


stimulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell


inhibition of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell


activation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell


stimulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell


inhibition of peripheral T cell tolerance induction


activation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction


stimulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction


inhibition of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target


activation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target


stimulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target


inhibition of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell


activation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell


stimulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell


inhibition of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target


activation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target


stimulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target


inhibition of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus


activation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus


stimulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus


inhibition of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus


activation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus


stimulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus


inhibition of natural killer cell tolerance induction


activation of natural killer cell tolerance induction


stimulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction


inhibition of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus


activation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus


stimulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus


inhibition of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus


activation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus


stimulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus


inhibition of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus


activation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus


stimulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus


inhibition of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity


activation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity


stimulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity


inhibition of immunoglobulin mediated immune response


activation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response


stimulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response


inhibition of central B cell tolerance induction


activation of central B cell tolerance induction


stimulation of central B cell tolerance induction


negative regulation of B cell apoptosis
downregulation of B cell apoptosis
down regulation of B cell apoptosis
down-regulation of B cell apoptosis

negative regulation of B cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process. [GOC:add, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]


inhibition of peripheral B cell deletion


activation of peripheral B cell deletion


stimulation of peripheral B cell deletion


inhibition of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin


activation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin


stimulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin


A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective. [GOC:mtg_cardio]


A process in which force is generated within voluntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the voluntary skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and it is under voluntary control. Voluntary skeletal muscle is skeletal muscle that is under conscious control. [GOC:mtg_cardio, GOC:mtg_muscle]


A process in which force is generated within involuntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Involuntary skeletal muscle is skeletal muscle that is not under conscious control. [GOC:mtg_cardio, GOC:mtg_muscle]


A organ system process carried out at the level of a muscle. Muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells or fibers. [GOC:mtg_cardio]


A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the renal system. The renal system maintains fluid balance, and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels; in other species, the renal system may comprise related structures (e.g., nephrocytes and malpighian tubules in Drosophila). [GOC:cjm, GOC:mtg_cardio, GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10]


A circulatory system process carried out by the heart. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. [GOC:mtg_cardio]


The flow of lymph through the body of an animal. [GOC:mtg_cardio]


A circulatory process that occurs at the level of the vasculature. [GOC:mtg_cardio]


central nervous system control of baroreceptor feedback

The neurological process in which nerve impulses arising in the aorta or the carotid sinuses travel to the medulla and reach the nucleus of tractus solaris. [GOC:mtg_cardio, ISBN:0323031951]


baroreceptor detection of increased arterial stretch

The series of events by which an increase in diameter of an artery is detected and converted to a molecular signal. [GOC:mtg_cardio]


baroreceptor detection of decreased arterial stretch

The series of events by which a decrease in diameter of an artery is detected and converted to a molecular signal. [GOC:mtg_cardio]


baroreceptor regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by baroreceptor feedback

The neural regulation of blood pressure in which baroreceptors sense the amount of stretch occurring in vessels and respond to the input via central nervous system control. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_cardio, GOC:tb]


aortic arch baroreceptor control of systemic arterial blood pressure

regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by aortic arch baroreceptor feedback

The process that modulates blood pressure by sensing the amount of stretch occurring in the aorta and responding to the input via central nervous system control. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_cardio, GOC:tb]


carotid body chemoreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure

carotid body chemoreceptor regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by carotid body chemoreceptor signalling

regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling

The process that modulates blood pressure by the action of chemoreceptors found in the carotid bodies and their resultant modulation of the vasomotor center. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_cardio, GOC:tb]


aortic body chemoreceptor regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

aortic body chemoreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure

regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by aortic body chemoreceptor signalling

regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling

The process that modulates blood pressure by the action of chemoreceptors found in the aortic bodies and their resultant modulation of the vasomotor center. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_cardio, GOC:tb]


The series of events in which a hydrogen ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. [GOC:mtg_cardio]


The series of events in which a carbon dioxide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. [GOC:mtg_cardio]


The series of events in which an oxygen stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. [GOC:mtg_cardio]


excitation of vasomotor center by aortic body chemoreceptor signalling

excitation of vasomotor center by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which the molecular signal from an aortic body is relayed to the vasomotor center, causing it to signal an increase arterial pressure. [GOC:mtg_cardio]


excitation of vasomotor center by carotid body chemoreceptor signalling

excitation of vasomotor center by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which the molecular signal from a carotid body is relayed to the vasomotor center, causing it to signal an increase arterial pressure. [GOC:mtg_cardio]


vasoconstriction of artery during carotid body chemoreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure


vasoconstriction of artery during aortic body chemoreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure


blood pressure regulation mediated by a chemical signal

regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure mediated by a chemical signal

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by biochemical signaling: hormonal, autocrine or paracrine. [GOC:mtg_cardio]


blood pressure regulation by physical factors

regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by physical factors

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by detection of forces within the circulatory system. [GOC:mtg_cardio]


blood pressure regulation by stress relaxation

regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by stress relaxation

The intrinsic circulatory process resulting from stress relaxation that modulates the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. Stress relaxation is the adaptation of vessels to a new size as a result of changes in pressure in storage areas such as veins, the liver, the spleen, and the lungs. [GOC:mtg_cardio, ISBN:0721643949]


regulation of blood pressure by adrenaline

regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by epinephrine

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the catecholamine signaling molecule epinephrine. [GOC:mtg_cardio]


blood pressure regulation by epinephrine


regulation of blood pressure by noradrenaline

regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by norepinephrine

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the catecholamine signaling molecule norepinephrine. [GOC:mtg_cardio]


blood pressure regulation by norepinephrine


blood pressure regulation by capillary fluid shift

regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by capillary fluid shift

The intrinsic circulatory process resulting from capillary fluid shift that modulates the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. Capillary fluid shift is the movement of fluid across the capillary membrane between the blood and the interstitial fluid compartment. [GOC:mtg_cardio, ISBN:0721643949]


blood pressure regulation by atrial natriuretic peptide

regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by atrial natriuretic peptide

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the signaling molecule atrial natriuretic peptide. [GOC:mtg_cardio]


The drinking behavior that is mediated by the action of angiotensin in the brain. Angiotensin stimulates the brain centers that control thirst. [GOC:mtg_cardio]


circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

Any process in which an organism modulates its blood pressure at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. [GOC:mtg_cardio, GOC:rl]


Any process in which an organism modulates its heart rate at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. [GOC:mtg_cardio, GOC:rl]


circadian regulation of heart contraction rate


master pacemaker clock regulation of blood pressure

circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by the suprachiasmatic nucleus

The process in which the suprachiasmatic nucleus modulates blood pressure at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. [GOC:mtg_cardio, GOC:rl]


master pacemaker clock regulation of heart rate

circadian regulation of heart rate by the suprachiasmatic nucleus

The process in which the suprachiasmatic nucleus modulates heart rate at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. [GOC:mtg_cardio, GOC:rl]


circadian regulation of heart contraction rate by the suprachiasmatic nucleus


regulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction

regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle contraction

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle contraction. [GOC:mtg_cardio, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:rl]


regulation of the force of heart muscle contraction by chemical signal

regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal

The regulation of the force of heart muscle contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine. [GOC:mtg_cardio, GOC:rl]


hormonal regulation of the force of heart muscle contraction

hormonal regulation of the force of heart contraction

The process in which the hormones modulates the force of heart muscle contraction. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action. [GOC:mtg_cardio, GOC:rl]


adrenaline regulation of the strength of heart muscle contraction

increased force of heart contraction by epinephrine

positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by epinephrine

The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings modulates the force of heart muscle contraction. [GOC:mtg_cardio, GOC:rl]


positive regulation of heart contraction by adrenaline

positive regulation of heart contraction by epinephrine


decreased force of heart contraction by acetylcholine

negative regulation of the force of heart contraction by acetylcholine

The process in which acetylcholine released from vagus nerve endings binds to muscarinic receptors and decreases the force of heart muscle contraction. [GOC:mtg_cardio, GOC:rl]


increased force of heart contraction by norepinephrine

noradrenaline regulation of the strength of heart muscle contraction

positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by norepinephrine

The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings modulates the force of heart musclecontraction. [GOC:mtg_cardio, GOC:rl]


increased force of heart contraction by adrenaline


positive regulation of heart contraction by norepinephrine


chemical signal regulation of heart rate

regulation of heart rate by chemical signal

The regulation of the rate of heart contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_cardio, GOC:rl, GOC:tb]


chemical signal regulation of heart contraction rate


negative regulation of heart rate by acetylcholine

The process in which acetylcholine released from vagus nerve endings binds to muscarinic receptors on the pacemaker cells and decreases the rate of heart muscle contraction. [GOC:mtg_cardio, GOC:rl]


negative regulation of heart contraction rate by acetylcholine


regulation of the rate of heart contraction by hormone

The process in which the hormones modulates the rate of heart muscle contraction. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action. [GOC:mtg_cardio, GOC:rl]


positive regulation of heart rate by adrenaline

positive regulation of heart rate by norepinephrine

noradrenaline regulation of the rate of heart muscle contraction

positive regulation of heart rate by epinephrine

The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction. [GOC:mtg_cardio, GOC:rl]


positive regulation of heart contraction rate by epinephrine


positive regulation of heart contraction rate by norepinephrine


circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by hormone

The process in which hormones modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system contributing to different values of blood pressure oscillating with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action. [GOC:mtg_cardio]


blood pressure regulation by acetylcholine

regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by acetylcholine

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by acetylcholine signaling. Acetylcholine is an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline and functions as a neurotransmitter. [GOC:mtg_cardio, GOC:rl]


vasodilation by acetylcholine involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The process in which acetylcholine signaling causes vasodilation, resulting in a change in blood pressure. [GOC:mtg_cardio, GOC:rl]


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by neurotransmitter

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by a neurotransmitter. A neurotransmitter is any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. [GOC:mtg_cardio]


renal regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

renal system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

Renal process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_cardio, GOC:tb]


renal regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by control of peripheral vascular resistence

regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renal control of peripheral vascular resistence

renal control of peripheral vascular resistance involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The renal process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system, by impeding blood flow through the peripheral vasculature. [GOC:mtg_cardio]