aminoglycoside antibiotic metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an aminoglycoside antibiotic, any member of a group of broad spectrum antibiotics, of similar toxicity and pharmacology, that contain an aminodeoxysugar, an amino- or guanidino-substituted inositol ring, and one or more residues of other sugars. The group includes streptomycin, neomycin, framycetin, kanamycin, paromomycin, and gentamicin. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


aminoglycoside antibiotic synthesis
aminoglycoside antibiotic formation
aminoglycoside antibiotic biosynthesis
aminoglycoside antibiotic anabolism

aminoglycoside antibiotic biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an aminoglycoside antibiotic, any member of a group of broad spectrum antibiotics, of similar toxicity and pharmacology, that contain an aminodeoxysugar, an amino- or guanidino-substituted inositol ring, and one or more residues of other sugars. The group includes streptomycin, neomycin, framycetin, kanamycin, paromomycin, and gentamicin. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


streptomycin biosynthesis
streptomycin anabolism
streptomycin formation
streptomycin synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of streptomycin, a commonly used antibiotic in cell culture media; it acts only on prokaryotes and blocks transition from initiation complex to chain elongating ribosome. [GOC:curators]


aminoglycoside antibiotic breakdown
aminoglycoside antibiotic catabolism
aminoglycoside antibiotic degradation

aminoglycoside antibiotic catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an aminoglycoside antibiotic, any member of a group of broad spectrum antibiotics, of similar toxicity and pharmacology, that contain an aminodeoxysugar, an amino- or guanidino-substituted inositol ring, and one or more residues of other sugars. The group includes streptomycin, neomycin, framycetin, kanamycin, paromomycin, and gentamicin. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving streptomycin, a commonly used antibiotic in cell culture media. It acts only on prokaryotes and blocks transition from initiation complex to chain elongating ribosome. [PMID:2111804]


antibiotic anabolism
antibiotic formation
antibiotic synthesis
antibiotic biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibiotic, a substance produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms. [GOC:go_curators]


bacteriocin biosynthesis
bacteriocin synthesis
bacteriocin anabolism
bacteriocin formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a bacteriocin, any of a heterogeneous group of polypeptide antibiotics that are secreted by certain bacterial strains and are able to kill cells of other susceptible (frequently related) strains after adsorption at specific receptors on the cell surface. They include the colicins, and their mechanisms of action vary. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


beta-lactam antibiotic anabolism
beta-lactam antibiotic synthesis
beta-lactam antibiotic formation
beta-lactam antibiotic biosynthesis

beta-lactam antibiotic biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a beta-lactam antibiotic, any member of a class of natural or semisynthetic antibiotics whose characteristic feature is a strained, four-membered beta-lactam ring. They include the penicillins and many of the cephalosporins. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


penicillin anabolism
penicillin synthesis
penicillin formation
penicillin biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


enniatin anabolism
enniatin biosynthesis
enniatin synthesis
enniatin formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of enniatins, any of various cyclodepsipeptide antibiotics from Fusarium species that function as ionophores. [ISBN:0198506732]


peptide antibiotic formation
peptide antibiotic anabolism
peptide antibiotic biosynthesis
peptide antibiotic synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides with antibiotic activity. [GOC:mah]


antibiotic catabolism
antibiotic degradation
antibiotic breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of antibiotic, a substance produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms. [GOC:go_curators]


bacteriocin breakdown
bacteriocin degradation
bacteriocin catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a bacteriocin, any of a heterogeneous group of polypeptide antibiotics that are secreted by certain bacterial strains and are able to kill cells of other susceptible (frequently related) strains after adsorption at specific receptors on the cell surface. They include the colicins, and their mechanisms of action vary. [GOC:ai]


beta-lactam antibiotic catabolism
beta-lactam antibiotic degradation
beta-lactam antibiotic breakdown

beta-lactam antibiotic catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a beta-lactam antibiotic, any member of a class of natural or semisynthetic antibiotics whose characteristic feature is a strained, four-membered beta-lactam ring. They include the penicillins and many of the cephalosporins. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


penicillin breakdown
penicillin catabolism
penicillin degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


peptide antibiotic catabolism
peptide antibiotic degradation
peptide antibiotic breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptides with antibiotic activity. [GOC:mah]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving bacteriocins, any of a heterogeneous group of polypeptide antibiotics that are secreted by certain bacterial strains and are able to kill cells of other susceptible (frequently related) strains after adsorption at specific receptors on the cell surface. They include the colicins, and their mechanisms of action vary. [GOC:ai]


beta-lactam antibiotic metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a beta-lactam antibiotic, any member of a class of natural or semisynthetic antibiotics whose characteristic feature is a strained, four-membered beta-lactam ring. They include the penicillins and many of the cephalosporins. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system. Penicillins are produced naturally during the growth of various microfungi of the genera Penicillium and Aspergillus. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving enniatins, any of various cyclodepsipeptide antibiotics from Fusarium species that function as ionophores. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptides with antibiotic activity. [GOC:mah]


Any subcellular or molecular event, process, or condition involved in translocation of a drug from one site or compartment to another. (NCI)


The directed movement of acriflavine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Acriflavine is a fluorescent dye used as a local antiseptic and also as a biological stain. It intercalates into nucleic acids thereby inhibiting bacterial and viral replication. [GOC:curators, PubChem_Compound:6842]


The directed movement of alkanes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Alkanes are saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement amiloride into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Amiloride is a potent and specific inhibitor of sodium ion entry into cells. It is used as a potassium-sparing diuretic. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of aminotriazole into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Aminotriazole is an effective weed killer that also possesses some antithyroid activity. [GOC:curators]


The directed movement of fluconazole into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Fluconazole is an antifungal drug used for oral candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis; it is still under study for treatment of vaginal candidiasis and other fungal infections. [GOC:curators]


The directed movement of benomyl into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Benomyl, methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate, is a systemic agricultural fungicide used for control of certain fungal diseases of stone fruit. [GOC:curators]


carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone transport

The directed movement of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone is a proton ionophore, commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes. [GOC:curators]


The directed movement of cycloheximide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Cycloheximide is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces which interferes with protein synthesis in eukaryotes. [ISBN:0198506732]


The directed movement of nalidixic acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Nalidixic acid is a synthetic antibiotic that interferes with DNA gyrase and inhibits prokaryotic replication. [GOC:curators, PMID:12702699, PubChem_Compound:4221]


The process in which an organomercurial compound is transported across a membrane. Organomercurial substances are any organic compound containing a mercury atom. [GOC:ai, PMID:18793329]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antibiotic stimulus. An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms. [GOC:ai, GOC:ef]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacteriocin stimulus. A bacteriocin is a protein substance released by certain bacteria that kills but does not lyse closely related strains of bacteria. Specific bacteriocins attach to specific receptors on cell walls and induce specific metabolic block, e.g. cessation of nucleic acid or protein synthesis of oxidative phosphorylation. [ISBN:0721662544]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a streptomycin stimulus. Streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic in cell culture media which acts only on prokaryotes and blocks transition from initiation complex to chain elongating ribosome. [GOC:curators]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cocaine stimulus. Cocaine is a crystalline alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the coca plant. [GOC:ef, GOC:jl]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus. [GOC:go_curators]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ether stimulus. [GOC:go_curators]


OBSOLETE. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heavy metal stimulus. Heavy metals are those metals that can form a coordination bond with a protein; this definition includes the following biologically relevant heavy metals: Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, V, W, Zn. [GOC:ai]


The formation of bonds from two or more atoms within the same ligand to a metal atom in complexes in which the metal is part of a ring. [ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:0716731363]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cadmium (Cd) ion stimulus. [GOC:ai]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chromate stimulus. [ISBN:0721662544]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a copper ion stimulus. [GOC:ai]


response to mercury
response to mercuric ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercury ion stimulus. [GOC:ai]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tellurium ion stimulus. [GOC:ai]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a herbicide stimulus. Herbicides are chemicals used to kill or control the growth of plants. [GOC:curators]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insecticide stimulus. Insecticides are chemicals used to kill insects. [GOC:curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving insecticides, chemicals used to kill insects. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), a chlorinated broad spectrum contact insecticide. [GOC:jl]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), a chlorinated broad spectrum contact insecticide. [GOC:jl]


anaerobic 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), a chlorinated, broad spectrum, contact insecticide, in the absence of oxygen. [GOC:jl]


insecticide catabolism
insecticide breakdown
insecticide degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of insecticides, chemicals used to kill insects. [GOC:ai]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbamate stimulus. Carbamates are a group of insecticides and parasiticides that act by inhibiting cholinesterase. [ISBN:0721662544]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclodiene stimulus. A cyclodiene is any organic insecticide (as dieldrin or chlordane) with a chlorinated methylene group forming a bridge across a 6-membered carbon ring. [ISBN:0877797099]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a DDT stimulus. DDT, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, is a chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide moderately toxic to humans and other animals. [ISBN:0721662544]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organophosphorus stimulus. Organophosphorus is a compound containing phosphorus bound to an organic molecule; several organophosphorus compounds are used as insecticides, and they are highly toxic cholinesterase inhibitors. [ISBN:0721662544]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pyrethroid stimulus. Pyrethroids are a group of growth regulators, analogous to insect juvenile hormones, that interfere with the development of insect larvae and are used in the control of insects that are harmful in the adult stage. [ISBN:0721662544]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving aflatoxin, a fungal metabolite found as a contaminant in moldy grains that induces liver cancer. Aflatoxin induces a G to T transversion at codon 249 of p53, leading to its inactivation. Aflatoxin is converted to a chemical carcinogen by P450. [GOC:ai]


aflatoxin synthesis
aflatoxin anabolism
aflatoxin formation
aflatoxin biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aflatoxin, a fungal metabolite found as a contaminant in moldy grains that induces liver cancer. Aflatoxin induces a G to T transversion at codon 249 of p53, leading to its inactivation. Aflatoxin is converted to a chemical carcinogen by P450. [ISBN:0716731363, ISBN:0815316194, PMID:15006741]


aflatoxin breakdown
aflatoxin catabolism
aflatoxin degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aflatoxin, a fungal metabolite found as a contaminant in moldy grains that induces liver cancer. Aflatoxin induces a G to T transversion at codon 249 of p53, leading to its inactivation. Aflatoxin is converted to a chemical carcinogen by P450. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds. [PMID:10618248]


sterigmatocystin biosynthesis
sterigmatocystin anabolism
sterigmatocystin synthesis
sterigmatocystin formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds. [PMID:10618248]


sterigmatocystin degradation
sterigmatocystin catabolism
sterigmatocystin breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds. [GOC:go_curators]


toxin biosynthesis
toxin formation
toxin anabolism
toxin synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism. [GOC:go_curators]


toxin degradation
toxin breakdown
toxin catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism. [GOC:go_curators]


OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete). [GOC:jl]


A process that mediates resistance to a bacteriocin: any of a heterogeneous group of polypeptide antibiotics that are secreted by certain bacterial strains and are able to kill cells of other susceptible (frequently related) strains after adsorption at specific receptors on the cell surface. They include the colicins, and their mechanisms of action vary. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical. [GOC:jl, GOC:krc]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving a xenobiotic compound, a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical. [GOC:cab2, GOC:krc]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-nitropropane, a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, fruity odor. 2-nitropropane is used principally as a solvent and chemical intermediate. As a solvent, it is used in inks, paints, adhesives, varnishes, polymers, and synthetic materials. It is a feedstock for the manufacture of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:npp]


2-nitropropane breakdown
2-nitropropane catabolism
2-nitropropane degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-nitropropane, a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, fruity odor. [GOC:ai]


ethyne metabolic process
ethyne metabolism
acetylene metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylene, formula CH2CH2, the simplest of the alkynes. [ISBN:0721662544]


anaerobic acetylene degradation
anaerobic acetylene breakdown
anaerobic ethyne catabolism
anaerobic ethyne catabolic process
anaerobic acetylene catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylene, a colorless, volatile, explosive gas, that occur in the absence of oxygen. [ISBN:0721662544]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving acrylonitrile, a colorless, volatile liquid with a pungent odor. Acrylonitrile is used in the production of acrylic fibers, plastics, and synthetic rubbers. [http://www.iversonsoftware.com/reference/chemistry/a/acrylonitrile.htm]


acrylonitrile degradation
acrylonitrile breakdown
acrylonitrile catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acrylonitrile, a colorless, volatile liquid with a pungent odor. Acrylonitrile is used in the production of acrylic fibers, plastics, and synthetic rubbers. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving adamantanone, tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decanone, a white crystalline solid used as an intermediate for microelectronics in the production of photoresists. [GOC:ai]


adamantanone degradation
adamantanone breakdown
adamantanone catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adamantanone, tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decanone, a white crystalline solid used as an intermediate for microelectronics in the production of photoresists. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving arsonoacetate, a synthetic, organic compound containing a single arsenic atom. Arsonoacetate and other arsenic containing compounds are used in agricultural applications as animal feed additives, cotton defoliants and post-emergence grass herbicides. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:ara]


arsonoacetate degradation
arsonoacetate breakdown
arsonoacetate catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arsonoacetate, a synthetic, organic compound containing a single arsenic atom. [GOC:jl]


benzene and derivative metabolic process

benzene-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzene, C6H6, a volatile, very inflammable liquid, contained in the naphtha produced by the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated by fractional distillation, or any of its derivatives. [GOC:jl]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, a derivative of benzene with chlorine atoms attached to positions 1, 2 and 4 of the ring. It is a colorless liquid used as a solvent in chemical manufacturing, in dyes and intermediates, dielectric fluid, synthetic transformer oils, lubricants, heat-transfer medium and insecticides. [http://www.speclab.com/compound/c120821.htm]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,4-dichlorobenzene (p-dichlorobenzene or paramoth), a derivative of benzene with two chlorine atoms attached at opposite positions on the ring. It forms white crystals at room temperature and is used as an insecticidal fumigant, particularly in mothballs. [http://www.speclab.com/compound/c106467.htm]


1,4-dichlorobenzene catabolism
1,4-dichlorobenzene breakdown
1,4-dichlorobenzene degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,4-dichlorobenzene (p-dichlorobenzene or paramoth), a derivative of benzene with two chlorine atoms attached at opposite positions on the ring. [GOC:ai]


2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated aromatic compound which is widely used as a herbicide, often as a weed killer for home lawns. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:2,4,5-t]


2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated aromatic compound widely used as a herbicide. [GOC:ai]


2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated phenoxy compound which functions as a systemic herbicide and is used to control many types of broadleaf weeds. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:2,4d]


2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated phenoxy compound which functions as a systemic herbicide and is used to control many types of broadleaf weeds. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-aminobenzenesulfonate, aniline-o-sulfonic acid, an aromatic sulfonate used in organic synthesis and in the manufacture of various dyes and medicines. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:abs]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-aminobenzenesulfonate, an aromatic sulfonate used in organic synthesis and in the manufacture of various dyes and medicines. [GOC:ai]


The removal of the sulfonate group from 2-aminobenzenesulfonate, an aromatic sulfonate used in organic synthesis and in the manufacture of various dyes and medicines. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:abs]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide, an acylanide herbicide widely used to protect corn, onion, cabbage, rose bushes, and ornamental plants. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:ppc]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide, an acylanide herbicide widely used to protect corn, onion, cabbage, rose bushes, and ornamental plants. [GOC:ai]


3-hydroxyphenylacetate metabolism
3HPA metabolic process
3HPA metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-hydroxyphenylacetate, 1,3-benzenediol monoacetate, also known as resorcinol monoacetate. [http://chemfinder.cambridgesoft.com/]


3-hydroxyphenylacetate breakdown
3-hydroxyphenylacetate degradation
3-hydroxyphenylacetate catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-hydroxyphenylacetate, 1,3-benzenediol monoacetate, also known as resorcinol monoacetate. [http://chemfinder.cambridgesoft.com/]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-methylquinoline, C10H9N, an aromatic compound composed of a benzene ring and a heterocyclic N-containing ring. [GOC:ai]


3-methylquinoline degradation
3-methylquinoline catabolism
3-methylquinoline breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-methylquinoline, C10H9N, an aromatic compound composed of a benzene ring and a heterocyclic N-containing ring. [GOC:ai]


hydrocinnamic acid metabolic process
phenylpropanoate metabolism
hydrocinnamic acid metabolism
phenylpropanoate metabolic process
3-phenylpropionate metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-phenylpropionate, the anion of phenylpropanoic acid. It is produced from putrefaction of proteins in soil or breakdown of several constituents of plants, such as lignin, various oils and resins. [GOC:ai, UM-BBD_pathwayID:ppa]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-(3-hydroxy)phenylpropionate, a hydroxylated derivative of phenylpropionate. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-(3-hydroxy)phenylpropionate, a hydroxylated derivative of phenylpropionate. [GOC:ai]


3-phenylpropionate catabolism
3-phenylpropionate breakdown
3-phenylpropionate degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-phenylpropionate, the anion of phenylpropanoic acid. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-carboxy-4'-sulfoazobenzene, a sulfonated azo compound synthesized by nitro-amine condensation from sulfanilic acid and 4-nitrobenzoic acid. [PMID:9603860]


p-nitrophenol metabolism
p-nitrophenol metabolic process
4-nitrophenol metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-nitrophenol, a nitroaromatic compound which is used in the production of dyes, leather treatment agents, fungicides and as an intermediate in the production of the insecticide parathion. [GOC:jl]


4-nitrophenol degradation
4-nitrophenol catabolism
4-nitrophenol breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-nitrophenol, a nitroaromatic compound which is used in the production of dyes, leather treatment agents, fungicides and as an intermediate in the production of the insecticide parathion. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzene, C6H6, a volatile, very inflammable liquid, contained in the naphtha produced by the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated by fractional distillation. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid), a fungistatic compound widely used as a food preservative; it is conjugated to glycine in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid. [ISBN:0721662544]


(R)-mandelate degradation to benzoate
(R)-mandelate breakdown to benzoate

(R)-mandelate catabolic process to benzoate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (R)-mandelate into other compounds, including benzoate. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4-dichlorobenzoate, a chlorinated aromatic compound which is a key intermediate in the aerobic degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). [GOC:jl, UM-BBD_pathwayID:dcb]


2,4-dichlorobenzoate breakdown
2,4-dichlorobenzoate catabolism
2,4-dichlorobenzoate degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4-dichlorobenzoate, a chlorinated aromatic compound which is a key intermediate in the aerobic degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). [GOC:ai]


anaerobic 2-aminobenzoate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-aminobenzoate, a derivative of benzoic acid with an NH2 group attached to C2, that occurs in the absence of oxygen. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) that occur in the presence of oxygen. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) that occur in the absence of oxygen. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzonitrile. Benzonitrile is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate in the pharmaceutical, dyestuffs and rubber industries. It is highly toxic and harmful in contact with skin. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:bzn]


xenene metabolism
biphenyl metabolism
xenene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving biphenyl, a toxic aromatic hydrocarbon used as a heat transfer agent, as a fungistat in packaging citrus fruits and in plant disease control. Biphenyl can be chlorinated with 1-10 chlorine molecules to form polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). [GOC:jl]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-chlorobiphenyl, a member of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) group of compounds, a very stable group of synthetic organic compounds composed of a biphenyl nucleus with 1-10 chlorine substituents. 4-chlorobiphenyl has been used as a model substrate to investigate PCB degradation. [GOC:jl]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving bromoxynil, C7H3Br2NO, a dibrominated phenol derivative with a cyano (-CN) group attached. Bromoxynil is used as a herbicide for post-emergent control of annual broadleaf weeds and works by inhibiting photosynthesis in the target plants. [GOC:ai]


CAR metabolic process
CAR metabolism
carbazole metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbazole, a heterocyclic aromatic compound containing a dibenzopyrrole system that is produced during coal gasification and is present in cigarette smoke. Coal tar produced at high temperature contains an average of 1.5% carbazole. It is used widely in synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and plastics and is a suspected carcinogen. [GOC:jl]


carbazole catabolism
carbazole breakdown
carbazole degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbazole, a heterocyclic aromatic compound containing a dibenzopyrrole system that is produced during coal gasification and is present in cigarette smoke. Coal tar produced at high temperature contains an average of 1.5% carbazole. It is used widely in synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and plastics and is a suspected carcinogen. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorobenzene, a derivative of benzene with a chlorine atoms attached to the ring. It is a colorless liquid that is manufactured for use as a solvent. It quickly evaporates in the air and is degraded by hydroxyl radicals that are produced photochemically. The gas acts as a source of ClOx, which helps in the breakdown of stratospheric ozone. [http://www.shsu.edu/]


oxanthrene metabolism
dibenzo-p-dioxin metabolism
oxanthrene metabolic process
phenodioxin metabolic process
phenodioxin metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dibenzo-p-dioxin, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by two ether bonds. Dibenzo-p-dioxins are generated as by-products in the manufacturing of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, paper pulp bleaching, and in incineration, and can accumulate in milk and throughout the food chain, creating significant health concern. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:dpd]


dibenzo-p-dioxin degradation
dibenzo-p-dioxin breakdown
dibenzo-p-dioxin catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dibenzo-p-dioxin, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by two ether bonds. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving dibenzofuran, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one ether bond and one carbon-carbon bond. Dibenzofuran is a white crystalline solid created from the production of coal tar and used as an insecticide and an intermediate in the production of other chemicals. [GOC:ai, UM-BBD_pathwayID:dbf]


dibenzofuran degradation
dibenzofuran breakdown
dibenzofuran catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dibenzofuran, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one ether bond and one carbon-carbon bond. [GOC:ai]


diphenylene sulfide metabolism
diphenylene sulfide metabolic process
dibenzothiophene metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dibenzothiophene, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one sulfide bond and one carbon-carbon bond. Dibenzothiophene derivatives can be detected in diesel oil following hydrodesulfurization treatment to remove sulfur compounds that would otherwise generate sulfur oxides during combustion. [PMID:12147483]


dibenzothiophene catabolism
dibenzothiophene degradation
dibenzothiophene breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dibenzothiophene, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one sulfide bond and one carbon-carbon bond. [GOC:ai]


The removal of the sulfur atom from dibenzothiophene, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one sulfide bond and one carbon-carbon bond. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethylbenzene (phenylethane), a benzene derivative with an ethyl group attached to the ring. It is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor used as a solvent and as a component of automotive and aviation fuels. [http://www.speclab.com/compound/c100414.htm]


anaerobic ethylbenzene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethylbenzene (phenylethane), a benzene derivative with an ethyl group attached to the ring, that occur in the absence of oxygen. [GOC:ai]


fluorene metabolism
fluorene catabolism
fluorene breakdown
fluorene degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fluorene, a tricyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon containing a five-membered ring. It is a major component of fossil fuels and their derivatives and is also a by-product of coal-conversion and energy-related industries. It is commonly found in vehicle exhaust emissions, crude oils, motor oils, coal and oil combustion products, waste incineration, and industrial effluents. [PMID:15317800]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving prodione, a colorless, odorless crystal. It is used as a dicarboximide contact fungicide to control a wide variety of crop diseases by inhibiting the germination of spores and the growth of the fungal mat (mycelium). [UM-BBD_pathwayID:ipd]


naphthalenesulfonate metabolism
naphthalenesulphonate metabolic process
naphthalenesulphonate metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving naphthalenesulfonate, sulfonated derivatives of naphthalene. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrobenzene (nitrobenzol), a derivative of benzene with an NO2 group attached to the ring. It is a yellow aromatic liquid used in perfumery and manufactured in large quantities in the preparation of aniline. [GOC:curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving parathion, a highly toxic organophosphate compound formerly used as a broad spectrum insecticide, acaricide, fumigant and nematocide. Degradation of parathion by sunlight or liver enzymes can result in the formation of the active compound paraoxon which interferes with the nervous system through cholinesterase inhibition. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:pthn]


parathion degradation
parathion catabolism
parathion breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of parathion, a highly toxic organophosphate compound. Degradation of parathion by sunlight or liver enzymes can result in the formation of the active compound paraoxon which interferes with the nervous system through cholinesterase inhibition. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:pthn]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon used in explosives and in the synthesis of dyes and drugs. Although phenanthrene is not mutagenic or carcinogenic, it has been shown to be toxic to marine diatoms, gastropods, mussels, crustaceans, and fish. [GOC:jl, UM-BBD_pathwayID:pha]


phenanthrene degradation
phenanthrene catabolism
phenanthrene breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. [GOC:jl]


phenanthrene breakdown via trans-9(R),10(R)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene

phenanthrene degradation via trans-9(R),10(R)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene

phenanthrene catabolic process via trans-9(R),10(R)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, where trans-9(R),10(R)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene is the principal intermediate metabolite. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:pha3]


phenanthrene degradation via trans-9(S),10(S)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene

phenanthrene breakdown via trans-9(S),10(S)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene

phenanthrene catabolic process via trans-9(S),10(S)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, where trans-9(S),10(S)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene is the principal intermediate metabolite. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:pha2]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenylmercury acetate, an organomercurial compound composed of a mercury atom attached to a benzene ring and an acetate group. [GOC:ai]


phenylmercury acetate catabolism
phenylmercury acetate degradation
phenylmercury acetate breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylmercury acetate, an organomercurial compound composed of a mercury atom attached to a benzene ring and an acetate group. [GOC:ai]


phthalic acid metabolic process
phthalate metabolism
phthalic acid metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phthalate, the anion of phthalic acid. Phthalic acid diesters are used industrially in the production of a variety of household and consumer goods including plastic polymers, lubricating oils, and carriers for perfumes in cosmetics, while phthalic acid itself is used industrially as a plasticizer. Terephthalate is used in the synthesis of polyethylene terephthalate (polyethene terephthlate, abbreviated PET or PETE), a plastic polymer with many commercial uses. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:pth]


phthalate breakdown
phthalate catabolism
phthalate degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phthalate, the anion of phthalic acid. [GOC:ai]


1,3-benzenediol metabolic process
1,3-dihydroxybenzene metabolic process
1,3-benzenediol metabolism
1,3-dihydroxybenzene metabolism
resorcinol metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving resorcinol (C6H4(OH)2), a benzene derivative with many applications, including dyes, explosives, resins and as an antiseptic. [GOC:jl, http://www.speclab.com/compound/c108463.htm]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving styrene, an aromatic hydrocarbon liquid soluble in ether and alcohol. When heated, exposed to light or added to a peroxide catalyst, it undergoes polymerization to form polystyrene, a versatile material used in the manufacture of plastics, synthetic rubber, thermal insulation, and packaging. Styrene is a classified mutagen and a suspected carcinogen. [GOC:jl, UM-BBD_pathwayID:sty]


styrene breakdown
styrene catabolism
styrene degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of styrene, an aromatic hydrocarbon liquid used in the manufacture of polystyrene. [GOC:jl]


toluene metabolism
methylbenzene metabolic process
methylbenzene metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products such as gasoline and commonly used as a paint thinning agent and in other solvent applications. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:tol]


4-toluenecarboxylate metabolism
p-toluate metabolism
p-toluate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-toluenecarboxylate, 4-methylbenzenecarboxylate, the anion of carboxylic acid attached to a methylbenzene molecule. [GOC:ai]


4-toluenecarboxylate catabolism
p-toluate catabolism
4-toluenecarboxylate degradation
p-toluate catabolic process
4-toluenecarboxylate breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-toluenecarboxylate, 4-methylbenzenecarboxylate, the anion of carboxylic acid attached to a methylbenzene molecule. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products, that occur in the absence of oxygen. [GOC:ai]


anaerobic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid, that occur in the absence of oxygen. [GOC:ai]


anaerobic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid, in the absence of oxygen. [GOC:ai]


anaerobic toluene breakdown
anaerobic toluene degradation
anaerobic toluene catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products, in the absence of oxygen. [GOC:ai]


hydroxytoluene metabolic process
cresol metabolism
hydroxytoluene metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cresol, a mixture of the aromatic alcohol isoforms o-, p-, and m-cresol, which is obtained from coal tar or petroleum. The isomers are used as disinfectants, textile scouring agents, surfactants and as intermediates in the manufacture of salicylaldehyde, coumarin, and herbicides as well as being a major component of creosote. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:mcr]


cresol catabolism
cresol breakdown
cresol degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cresol, a mixture of the aromatic alcohol isoforms o-, p-, and m-cresol, which is obtained from coal tar or petroleum. The isomers are used as disinfectants, textile scouring agents, surfactants and as intermediates in the manufacture of salicylaldehyde, coumarin, and herbicides as well as being a major component of creosote. [GOC:ai]


3-hydroxytoluene catabolism
m-cresol degradation
meta-cresol catabolism
3-hydroxytoluene catabolic process
m-cresol breakdown
meta-cresol catabolic process
m-cresol catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of m-cresol (3-hydroxytoluene), the meta-isoform of cresol. [GOC:jl]


meta-cresol metabolic process
meta-cresol metabolism
3-hydroxytoluene metabolic process
3-hydroxytoluene metabolism
m-cresol metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving m-cresol (3-hydroxytoluene), the meta-isoform of cresol. Used to produce agricultural chemicals, and in specialty resins, pharmaceuticals and pressure-sensitive dyes. [GOC:jl]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrotoluene, any methylbenzene molecule with NO2 group(s) attached. [GOC:ai]


4NT metabolic process
4-nitrotoluene metabolism
4NT metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-nitrotoluene, 1-methyl-4-nitrobenzene. It is a light yellow liquid with a weak aromatic odor. [GOC:ai]


4NT catabolic process
4-nitrotoluene breakdown
4-nitrotoluene catabolism
4-nitrotoluene degradation
4NT catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-nitrotoluene, 1-methyl-4-nitrobenzene. [GOC:ai]


nitrotoluene catabolism
nitrotoluene breakdown
nitrotoluene degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitrotoluene, any methylbenzene molecule with NO2 group(s) attached. [GOC:ai]


trinitrotoluene breakdown
trinitrotoluene degradation
trinitrotoluene catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trinitrotoluene, a methylated benzene entity with three NO2 groups attached to it. This includes the explosive TNT, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene. [GOC:ai]


2,4,6-trinitrotoluene degradation
2,4,6-trinitrotoluene breakdown
2,4,6-trinitrotoluene catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving trinitrotoluene, a methylated benzene molecule with three NO2 groups attached to it. This includes the explosive TNT, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene. [GOC:ai]


2,4,6-trinitrotoluene metabolism
TNT metabolism
TNT metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid. It is prepared from toluene treated with concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids and is used in shells, bombs, and blasting explosives. [ISBN:0333781767]


orcin metabolic process
orcinol metabolism
orcin metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving orcinol (5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol), an aromatic compound derived from the fermentation of lichen, and synthesized, probably as a fungicide, by some higher plants. [GOC:jl]


orcinol formation
orcinol biosynthesis
orcinol anabolism
orcinol synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of orcinol (5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol), an aromatic compound derived from the fermentation of lichen and synthesized by some higher plants. [GOC:ai]


orcinol catabolism
orcin catabolism
orcinol breakdown
orcin catabolic process
orcinol degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of orcinol (5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol), an aromatic compound derived from the fermentation of lichen and synthesized by some higher plants. [GOC:jl]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-cymene, 1-methyl-4-isopropylbenzene, one of the alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons found in volatile oils from over 100 plants. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:pcy]


p-cymene breakdown
p-cymene degradation
p-cymene catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of p-cymene, 1-methyl-4-isopropylbenzene, one of the alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons found in volatile oils from over 100 plants. [GOC:ai]


toluene degradation
toluene breakdown
toluene catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products. [GOC:go_curators]


toluene-4-sulphonate catabolic process
toluene-4-sulfonate catabolism
toluene-4-sulphonate catabolism
toluene-4-sulfonate breakdown
4-toluenesulfonate catabolism
toluene-4-sulfonate degradation
4-toluenesulfonate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene-4-sulfonate, 4-methylbenzenesulfonate, the anion of sulfonic acid attached to a methylbenzene molecule. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the loss of electrons from one or more atoms in toluene. [GOC:mah]


The formation from toluene of catechol, dihydroxybenzene, by successive oxidations followed by loss of carbon dioxide (CO2). [MetaCyc:TOLUENE-DEG-CATECHOL-PWY]


The degradation of toluene to form pyruvate and acetaldehyde; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form 2-hydroxytoluene (o-cresol). [MetaCyc:TOLUENE-DEG-2-OH-PWY]


The degradation of toluene to form pyruvate and acetaldehyde; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form 3-hydroxytoluene (m-cresol). [MetaCyc:TOLUENE-DEG-3-OH-PWY]


The degradation of toluene to form p-hydroxybenzoate; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form 4-hydroxytoluene (4-cresol). [MetaCyc:TOLUENE-DEG-4-OH-PWY]


toluene oxidation via toluene-cis-1,2-dihydrodiol

The degradation of toluene to form pyruvate and acetaldehyde; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form toluene-cis-1,2-dihydrodiol. [MetaCyc:TOLUENE-DEG-DIOL-PWY]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving toluene-4-sulfonate, the anion of 4-toluene sulfonic acid, a white crystalline solid which is highly hygroscopic and soluble in water. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylene, a mixture of three colorless, aromatic hydrocarbon liquids, ortho-, meta- and para-xylene. [GOC:jl]


m-xylene metabolism
meta-xylene metabolic process
meta-xylene metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving m-xylene, (1,3-dimethylbenzene) a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon. [GOC:jl]


meta-xylene catabolism
m-xylene degradation
meta-xylene catabolic process
m-xylene breakdown
m-xylene catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of m-xylene, 1,3-dimethylbenzene, a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:jl]


ortho-xylene metabolism
ortho-xylene metabolic process
o-xylene metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving o-xylene, (1,2-dimethylbenzene) a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon. [GOC:jl]


o-xylene breakdown
ortho-xylene catabolic process
o-xylene degradation
o-xylene catabolism
ortho-xylene catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of o-xylene, (1,2-dimethylbenzene) a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon. [GOC:jl]


p-xylene metabolism
para-xylene metabolic process
para-xylene metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-xylene, (1,4-dimethylbenzene) a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon. [GOC:jl]


para-xylene catabolic process
p-xylene degradation
p-xylene breakdown
para-xylene catabolism
p-xylene catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of p-xylene (1,4-dimethylbenzene), a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon. [GOC:jl]


xylene breakdown
xylene degradation
xylene catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylene, a mixture of three colorless, aromatic hydrocarbon liquids, ortho-, meta- and para-xylene. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving caprolactam, hexahydro-2h-azepin-2-one, a cyclic amide of caproic acid used in manufacture of synthetic fibers of the polyamide type. It can cause local irritation. [GOC:curators]


caprolactam catabolism
caprolactam breakdown
caprolactam degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of caprolactam, hexahydro-2h-azepin-2-one, a cyclic amide of caproic acid. [GOC:curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanamide, NCNH2, a cyanide compound which has been used as a fertilizer, defoliant and in many manufacturing processes. It often occurs as the calcium salt, sometimes also referred to as cyanamide. The citrated calcium salt is used in the treatment of alcoholism. [GOC:curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclohexanol, the monohydroxy derivative of cyclohexane. It is used as a solvent and blending agent. [ISBN:0721662544]


The cyclohexanol metabolic process in which cyclohexanol is converted to adipate. [MetaCyc:CYCLOHEXANOL-OXIDATION-PWY]


cyclohexylsulphamate metabolism
cyclohexylsulfamate metabolism
cyclohexylsulphamate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclohexylsulfamate, also known as cyclamic acid. Sodium cyclohexylsulfamate (CHS-Na) was a widely used sweetening agent but was banned because of the suspicion of carcinogenicity and metabolic conversion to cyclohexylamine (CHA), a toxic substance. It is now used as a fungicide. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:chs]


dodecyl sulphate metabolism
dodecyl sulphate metabolic process
dodecyl sulfate metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dodecyl sulfate, commonly found as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a component of a variety of synthetic surfactants. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:dds]


halogenated hydrocarbon metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving halogenated hydrocarbons, compounds derived from hydrocarbons by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with halogen atoms. Halogens include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. [GOC:ai, GOC:krc]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,2,3-tribromopropane, a toxic and volatile organic compound commonly used as a nematocide in agriculture. [GOC:jl]


chlorinated hydrocarbon metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorinated hydrocarbons, compounds derived from hydrocarbons by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with chlorine atoms. [GOC:ai, GOC:krc]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,2-dichloroethane, a major commodity chemical used, for example, in the manufacture of vinyl chloride. [GOC:jl]


1,2-dichloroethane catabolism
1,2-dichloroethane breakdown
1,2-dichloroethane degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,2-dichloroethane, a major commodity chemical used, for example, in the manufacture of vinyl chloride. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving members of the 1,3-dichloropropene family, which includes cis- and trans-1,3-dichloropropene. The 1,3-dichloropropenes are chlorinated hydrocarbons and the major active ingredients of commercial products for control of plant-parasitic nematodes. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:cpr]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-chloroacrylic acid, ClHC=CHCOOH, a chlorinated derivative of acrylic acid. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving atrazine, a triazine ring-containing compound, widely used as a herbicide. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:atr]


atrazine breakdown
atrazine catabolism
atrazine degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide. [GOC:jl, UM-BBD_pathwayID:atr]


atrazine degradation to cyanuric acid
atrazine breakdown to cyanuric acid

atrazine catabolic process to cyanuric acid

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide, into cyanuric acid. [GOC:jl]


atrazine degradation to isopropylamine
atrazine breakdown to isopropylamine

atrazine catabolic process to isopropylamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide, into isopropylamine. [GOC:jl]


atrazine breakdown to urea
atrazine degradation to urea

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide, into urea. [GOC:jl]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbon tetrachloride, a toxic, carcinogenic compound which is used as a general solvent in industrial degreasing operations. It is also used as grain fumigant and a chemical intermediate in the production of refrigerants. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:ctc]


anaerobic carbon tetrachloride metabolism

anaerobic carbon tetrachloride metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbon tetrachloride, a toxic, carcinogenic compound which is used as a general solvent in industrial degreasing operations, that occur in the absence of oxygen. [GOC:ai]


carbon tetrachloride catabolism
carbon tetrachloride degradation
carbon tetrachloride breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbon tetrachloride, a toxic, carcinogenic compound which is used as a general solvent in industrial degreasing operations. It is also used as grain fumigant and a chemical intermediate in the production of refrigerants. [GOC:go_curators]


chlorinated hydrocarbon catabolism
chlorinated hydrocarbon degradation
chlorinated hydrocarbon breakdown

chlorinated hydrocarbon catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chlorinated hydrocarbons, compounds derived from hydrocarbons by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with chlorine atoms. [GOC:ai, GOC:krc]


pentachlorophenol degradation
pentachlorophenol breakdown
pentachlorophenol catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentachlorophenol, a chlorinated insecticide and fungicide used primarily to protect timber from fungal rot and wood boring insects. Pentachlorophenol is significantly toxic to mammals, plants, and many microorganisms. [GOC:go_curators]


tetrachloroethene catabolism
tetrachloroethylene breakdown
tetrachloroethylene degradation
tetrachloroethylene catabolism
tetrachloroethene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tetrachloroethylene, a derivative of ethene with the hydrogen atoms replaced by chlorines. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving dichloromethane, a dichlorinated derivative of methane. It is a colorless organic liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odor, often used as a paint remover. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:dcm]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving hexachlorocyclohexane, a cyclohexane derivative with 6 chlorine atoms attached to the hexane ring. Hexachlorocyclohexane consists of a mixture of 8 different isomers and was used a commercial insecticide. It is persistent in the environment, causing serious soil pollution. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:ghch, UM-BBD_pathwayID:hch]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane, a halogenated organic insecticide that has been used worldwide for agriculture and public health. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:hch]


aerobic beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane that occur in presence of oxygen. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (also known as Lindane), the most common form of hexachlorohexane, a halogenated organic insecticide that has been used worldwide for agriculture and public health. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:ghch]


PCP metabolism
PCP metabolic process
pentachlorophenol metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentachlorophenol, a chlorinated insecticide and fungicide used primarily to protect timber from fungal rot and wood boring insects. Pentachlorophenol is significantly toxic to mammals, plants, and many microorganisms. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:pcp]


tetrachloroethylene metabolism
tetrachloroethene metabolism
tetrachloroethene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrachloroethylene (tetrachloroethene), a derivative of ethene with the hydrogen atoms replaced by chlorines. Tetrachloroethene has been used primarily as a solvent in dry-cleaning industries and to a lesser extent as a degreasing solvent. [http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/GDWQ/Chemicals/tetrachloroethenesum.htm]


TCE metabolism
TCE metabolic process
trichloroethene metabolism
trichloroethene metabolic process
trichloroethylene metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving trichloroethylene, a toxic, colorless, photoreactive, chlorinated hydrocarbon liquid, commonly used as a metal degreaser and solvent. [GOC:jl]


halogenated hydrocarbon degradation
halogenated hydrocarbon catabolism
halogenated hydrocarbon breakdown

halogenated hydrocarbon catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of halogenated hydrocarbons, compounds derived from hydrocarbons by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with halogen atoms. [GOC:ai, GOC:krc]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl fluoride, fluorine-substituted methane, a gaseous halogenated hydrocarbon that has been investigated as an inhibitor of methanotrophy and nitrification in soils. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:mf]


methanesulfonic acid metabolism
methanesulphonic acid metabolic process
methanesulphonic acid metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methanesulfonic acid, a strong acid produced by the oxidation of dimethyl sulfide. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:msa]


MEK metabolism
2-butanone metabolism
MEK metabolic process
2-butanone metabolic process
methyl ethyl ketone metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl ethyl ketone, a clear, colorless liquid with a fragrant, mint-like odor. It is used as a solvent and in making plastics, textiles and paints. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:mek]


methyl ethyl ketone breakdown
methyl ethyl ketone degradation
methyl ethyl ketone catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methyl ethyl ketone, a clear, colorless liquid with a fragrant, mint-like odor. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving n-octane, the 8 carbon straight chain alkane used in organic syntheses, calibrations, and azeotropic distillations. It is a common component of gasoline and other petroleum products and the engine fuel antiknocking properties of an isomer of n-octane are used as a comparative standard in the Octane Rating System. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:oct]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of n-octane to octanoyl-CoA. [MetaCyc:P221-PWY]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrilotriacetate, an aminotricarboxylic acid that binds bivalent metal ions in a ratio of 1:1. As an important industrial chelating agent, NTA has been widely used for various radionuclide processing and decontamination procedures, such as textile, paper and pulp processing and water treatment. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:nta]


aerobic nitrilotriacetate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrilotriacetate, the aminotricarboxylic acid N(CH2COO-)3, that occur in the presence of oxygen. [GOC:ai]


anaerobic nitrilotriacetate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrilotriacetate, the aminotricarboxylic acid N(CH2COO-)3, that occur in the absence of oxygen. [GOC:ai]


nitroglycerin metabolism
NG metabolic process
NG metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitroglycerin, a well-known nitrate ester and an important component of dynamite and other propellants. Toxic to algae, invertebrate, and vertebrates. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:ng]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving nylon, a polymer where the main polymer chain comprises recurring amide groups; these compounds are generally formed from combinations of diamines, diacids and amino acids. [UniProtKB-KW:KW-0549]


nylon breakdown
nylon degradation
nylon catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nylon, a polymer where the main polymer chain comprises recurring amide groups; these compounds are generally formed from combinations of diamines, diacids and amino acids. [UniProtKB-KW:KW-0549]


ether metabolism
organic ether metabolism
organic ether metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic ethers, any anhydride of the general formula R1-O-R2, formed between two identical or nonidentical organic hydroxy compounds. [GOC:pr, ISBN:0198506732]


hydroxycineol metabolic process
6-endo-hydroxycineole metabolic process
6-endo-hydroxycineole metabolism
6-hydroxycineole metabolism
hydroxycineol metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 6-hydroxycineole (6-hydroxy-1,8-epoxy-p-menthane), a hydrocarbon with the formula C10H18O2. [GOC:ai]


6-hydroxycineole breakdown
6-endo-hydroxycineole catabolism
6-endo-hydroxycineole catabolic process
6-hydroxycineole catabolism
6-hydroxycineole degradation
hydroxycineol catabolism
hydroxycineol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-hydroxycineole (6-hydroxy-1,8-epoxy-p-menthane), a hydrocarbon with the formula C10H18O2. [GOC:ai]


methyl ether metabolism
dimethyl ether metabolism
methyl ether metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dimethyl ether, CH3-O-CH3, the simplest ether. Dimethyl ether, also known wood ether and methyl ether, is a colorless gas that has been used in refrigeration applications. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:dme]


methyl tert-butyl ether metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl tert-butyl ether, 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane. Methyl tert-butyl ether is a synthetic chemical which is mixed with gasoline for use in reformulated gasoline. It was first introduced as an additive for unleaded gasoline in the 1980s. It is also used as a laboratory reagent and a pharmaceutical agent. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:mtb]


THF metabolism
THF metabolic process
tetrahydrofuran metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrofuran, a cyclic 4 carbon ether. It is one of the most polar ethers and is a widely used solvent for polar reagents. Since THF is very soluble in water and has a relatively low boiling point, significant amounts are often released into the environment, causing contamination problems. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:thf]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving organophosphates, any phosphate-containing organic compound. [ISBN:0198506732]


glyphosate metabolism
Roundup metabolism
Roundup metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyphosate, a broad-spectrum herbicide also known by the trade name Roundup. It is a member of a broad class of compounds known as phosphonic acids, which contain a direct carbon-to-phosphorus (C-P) bond. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:gly]


organophosphate breakdown
organophosphate degradation
organophosphate catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organophosphates, any phosphate-containing organic compound. [GOC:ai]


organophosphonate catabolic process
phosphonate degradation
phosphonate breakdown
phosphonate catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphonates, any organic compound containing one or more C-PO(OH)2 or C-PO(OR)2 (with R=alkyl, aryl) groups. Catabolism of phosphonic acid itself, an inorganic compound without the biochemically relevant C-P bond, is not included. [GOC:js]


2-phosphonoethylamine catabolism
2-aminoethylphosphonate breakdown
2-aminoethylphosphonate degradation
2-aminoethylphosphonate catabolism
2-phosphonoethylamine catabolic process
ciliatine catabolism
ciliatine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-aminoethylphosphonate, also known as ciliatine. [GOC:ai]


organophosphonate metabolic process
phosphonate metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphonates, any organic compounds containing one or more C-PO(OH)2 or C-PO(OR)2 (with R=alkyl, aryl) groups. Metabolism of phosphonic acid itself, an inorganic compound without the biochemically relevant C-P bond, is not included. [GOC:js, ISBN:0721662544]


2-phosphonoethylamine metabolism
ciliatine metabolism
2-phosphonoethylamine metabolic process
ciliatine metabolic process
2-aminoethylphosphonate metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-aminoethylphosphonate, most abundant and ubiquitous of naturally occurring phosphonates. It is typically found as a conjugate of glycans, lipids, and proteins, which in turn perform essential biochemical functions in specialized lower organisms. [GOC:ai, PMID:12107130]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphonoacetate, C2H4PO5, a substance composed of an acetate and a phosphonic acid residue. [MetaCyc:P483-PWY]


organosilicon metabolism
organosilicone metabolism
organosilicone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organosilicon, organic compounds that contain silicon, a nonmetal element analogous to carbon. [GOC:jl]


aerobic organosilicone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving organosilicons, organic compounds that contain silicon, in the presence of oxygen. [GOC:jl]


dimethylsilanediol catabolism
catabolic process of DMSD
dimethylsilanediol breakdown
degradation of dimethylsilanediol
catabolism of DMSD
dimethylsilanediol degradation

The aerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dimethylsilanediol, the smallest member of the dialkylsilanediols. Dimethylsilanediol is the monomer of polydimethylsiloxane, a compound which can be found in a wide range of industrial and consumer products. [GOC:jl]


anaerobic organosilicone metabolic process

anaerobic organosilicon metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving organosilicons, organic compounds that contain silicon, in the absence of oxygen. [GOC:jl]


octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane degradation to dimethylsilanediol

catabolism of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane to DMSD

catabolic process of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane to DMSD

octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane breakdown to dimethylsilanediol

octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane catabolic process to dimethylsilanediol

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane into dimethylsilanediol. The former is a tetramer of the latter. [GOC:jl]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving dimethylsilanediol, the smallest member of the dialkylsilanediols. Dimethylsilanediol is the monomer of polydimethylsiloxane, a compound which can be found in a wide range of industrial and consumer products. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, a cyclic silicone-oxygen ring compound with two methyl groups attached to each silicone atom. [GOC:ai, http://chemfinder.cambridgesoft.com/]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, a cyclic silicone-oxygen ring compound with two methyl groups attached to each silicone atom. [GOC:ai, PMID:10224038]


organosilicon catabolism
organosilicone catabolic process
organosilicon degradation
organosilicon breakdown
organosilicone catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organosilicons, any organic compound that contains silicon. [GOC:ai]


pentaerythritol tetranitrate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentaerythritol tetranitrate, C(CH2-O-NO2)4, a substance produced for use as an explosive and a vasodilator. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:petn]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving propylene, an alkene produced by catalytic or thermal cracking of hydrocarbons or as a by-product of petroleum refining. It is used mainly in the preparation of alkylates for gasoline and in the production of polypropylene, acrylonitrile, propylene oxide and a number of other industrial chemicals. [GOC:jl]


propylene breakdown
propylene catabolism
propylene degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propylene, an alkene produced by catalytic or thermal cracking of hydrocarbons or as a by-product of petroleum refining. [GOC:jl]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving any s-triazine compound. These compounds include many pesticides of widespread use in agriculture, and are characterized by a symmetrical hexameric ring consisting of alternating carbon and nitrogen atoms. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:tria]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanuric acid, a suspected gastrointestinal or liver toxicant, and a potential degradation product of triazine herbicides, such as atrazine and simazine. It is widely used for the stabilization of available chlorine in swimming pool water and is also the starting compound for the synthesis of many organic derivatives. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:cya]


cyanuric acid breakdown
cyanuric acid catabolism
cyanuric acid degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanuric acid, a potential degradation product of triazine herbicides. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:cya]


N-cyclopropylmelamine metabolism
cyromazine metabolism
cyromazine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-cyclopropylmelamine, a triazine compound commonly used as an insect growth regulator insecticide. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:cpm]


N-cyclopropylmelamine catabolism
N-cyclopropylmelamine breakdown
N-cyclopropylmelamine degradation
cyromazine catabolic process
cyromazine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-cyclopropylmelamine, a triazine compound commonly used as an insecticide. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:cpm]


s-triazine compound breakdown
s-triazine compound degradation
s-triazine compound catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any s-triazine compound. These compounds include many pesticides of widespread use in agriculture, and are characterized by a symmetrical hexameric ring consisting of alternating carbon and nitrogen atoms. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:tria]


thiocyanic acid metabolism
thiocyanic acid metabolic process
thiocyanate metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiocyanate, the anion of thiocyanic acid, a toxic cyanide derivative commonly formed as a by-product in the production of gas for fuel, coke, and substances for chemical industries. [GOC:jl]


thiocyanate catabolism
thiocyanate breakdown
thiocyanate degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thiocyanate, any anion of thiocyanic acid. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving triethanolamine, a combustible, hygroscopic, colorless liquid commonly used in dry-cleaning solutions, cosmetics, detergents, textile processing, wool scouring, and as a corrosion inhibitor and pharmaceutical alkalizing agent. [GOC:jl]


triethanolamine breakdown
triethanolamine catabolism
triethanolamine degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triethanolamine, a combustible, hygroscopic, colorless liquid commonly used in dry-cleaning solutions, cosmetics, detergents, textile processing, wool scouring, and as a corrosion inhibitor and pharmaceutical alkalizing agent. [GOC:ai]


xenobiotic catabolism
xenobiotic degradation
xenobiotic breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a xenobiotic compound, a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical. [GOC:jl, GOC:krc]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, a natural product found in plant tissues. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethylene (ethene), a fruit-ripening hormone in plants. [GOC:go_curators]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gravitational stimulus. [GOC:hb]


hypertonic response
HOG response
response to hypertonicity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hyperosmotic environment, i.e. an environment with a higher concentration of solutes than the organism or cell. [GOC:jl, PMID:12142009]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, an increase in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment. [GOC:jl]


The accumulation of glycerol within a cell, for example by increased glycerol biosynthesis combined with decreased permeability of the cell membrane to glycerol, in response to the detection of a hyperosmotic environment. [GOC:jl, PMID:11752666]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hypotonic environment, i.e. an environment with a lower concentration of solutes than the organism or cell. [GOC:jl, PMID:12598593]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment. [GOC:jl]


response to ionic osmotic stress
salinity response
response to salt stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment. [GOC:jl]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. [GOC:jl, Wikipedia:PH]


response to radiation stimulus
response to radiation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation. [GOC:jl, Wikipedia:Electromagnetic_radiation]

response to electromagnetic radiation stimulus


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a blue light stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm. [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_far_red]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light intensity stimulus. [GOC:go_curators]


A response to light intensity in which exposure to medium-intensity light results in increased tolerance to high-intensity light. [GOC:mah, PMID:11069694]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an absence of light stimuli. [GOC:go_curators]


Physical changes in the growth patterns of a plant brought on by sustained absence of light. These changes are characterized by lengthened internodes which produce long weak stems, fewer leaves, and pale yellow color (chlorosis). The physiological basis for etiolation is induction of the phytohormone, AUXIN.


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high light intensity stimulus. [GOC:go_curators]


response to low light intensity stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low light intensity stimulus. Low light intensity is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation at or below 0.1 micromols/m2. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_far_red]


response to day length
response to photoperiod
response to night length

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light or dark of a given length, measured relative to a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species. [GOC:jid, GOC:pj, ISBN:0582015952, ISBN:0697037754, ISBN:0709408862]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a blue light photoperiod stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_far_red]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red light photoperiod stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_far_red]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red or far red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs. [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_far_red]


The control of plant growth, development, and differentiation by the duration and nature of light, independent of photosynthesis. [GOC:lr]


The greening response of plants grown in the dark (etiolated) as a result of chloroplast biogenesis and the accumulation of chlorophyll. [GOC:lr]


Shade avoidance is a set of responses that plants display when they are subjected to the shade of another plant. It often includes elongation, altered flowering time, increased apical dominance and altered partitioning of resources. Plants are able to distinguish between the shade of an inanimate object (e.g. a rock) and the shade of another plant due to the altered balance between red and far-red light in the shade of a plant; this balance between red and far-red light is perceived by phytochrome. [Wikipedia:Shade_avoidance]


response to ultraviolet radiation stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers. [GOC:hb]


Any process in which an organism or cell protects itself from ultraviolet radiation (UV), which may also result in resistance to repeated exposure to UV. [GOC:jl, GOC:ml]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism. [GOC:lr]


Any process that increases freezing tolerance of an organism in response to low, nonfreezing temperatures. [GOC:syr]


response to drought
response to thirst
response to dehydration

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a water deprivation stimulus, prolonged deprivation of water. [GOC:lr]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of prolonged deprivation of water that restores that organism to a normal (non-stressed) condition. [GOC:lr]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating flooding, short-term immersion in water. [GOC:lr]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a humidity stimulus, moisture in the atmosphere. [GOC:jl]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism. [GOC:hb]


physiological defense response
defence response

Reactions, triggered in response to the presence of a foreign body or the occurrence of an injury, which result in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack. [GOC:go_curators]


antigen presentation, endogenous antigen

antigen processing and presentation of endogenous antigen

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15771591, PMID:15928678]


endogenous lipid antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib

antigen presentation, endogenous lipid antigen

antigen processing and presentation, endogenous lipid antigen via MHC class Ib

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses lipid antigen of endogenous origin in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex on its cell surface. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 family. [GOC:add, PMID:10375559, PMID:15928678, PMID:15928680]


antigen processing and presentation of exogenous antigen

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15771591, PMID:15928678]


lipid antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib

antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses lipid antigen in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex on its cell surface, including lipid extraction, degradation, and transport steps for the lipid antigen both prior to and following assembly with the MHC protein complex. The lipid antigen may originate from an endogenous or exogenous source of lipid. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 family. [GOC:add, PMID:10375559, PMID:15928678, PMID:15928680]


peptide antigen processing and presentation

antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses peptide antigen in association with an MHC protein complex on its cell surface, including proteolysis and transport steps for the peptide antigen both prior to and following assembly with the MHC protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from an endogenous or exogenous protein. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15771591]


antigen processing, endogenous antigen via major histocompatibility complex class I

antigen processing, endogenous antigen via MHC class I


antigen processing, exogenous antigen via major histocompatibility complex class II


immune cell activation
leucocyte activation

A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. [GOC:add]


The change in morphology and behavior of a basophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the basophil has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors. [GOC:mgi_curators, ISBN:0781735149]


The change in morphology and behavior of an endothelial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. [GOC:mgi_curators, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:12851652, PMID:14581484]


B cell activation
B-cell activation
B-lymphocyte activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature B cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. [GOC:mgi_curators, ISBN:0781735149]


regulation of B lymphocyte differentiation

regulation of B-lymphocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


down-regulation of B cell differentiation

negative regulation of B lymphocyte differentiation

negative regulation of B-lymphocyte differentiation

downregulation of B cell differentiation

down regulation of B cell differentiation

negative regulation of B-cell differentiation

negative regulation of B cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


positive regulation of B-cell differentiation

positive regulation of B-lymphocyte differentiation

positive regulation of B lymphocyte differentiation

positive regulation of B cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


B-cell proliferation
B cell proliferation
B-lymphocyte proliferation

The expansion of a B cell population by cell division. Follows B cell activation. [GOC:jl]


regulation of class switch recombination

regulation of isotype switch recombination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching. [GOC:ai]


negative regulation of class switch recombination

negative regulation of isotype switch recombination

negative regulation of isotype switching

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching. [GOC:go_curators]


positive regulation of isotype switch recombination

positive regulation of class switch recombination

positive regulation of isotype switching

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching. [GOC:go_curators]


T lymphocyte differentiation
T cell differentiation
T-cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires characteristics of a more mature T-cell. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose definin characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:jid, GOC:mah]


alpha-beta T-cell differentiation
alpha-beta T lymphocyte differentiation
alpha-beta T-lymphocyte differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an alpha-beta T cell. An alpha-beta T cell is a T cell that expresses an alpha-beta T cell receptor complex. [CL:0000789, GOC:ai]


regulation of alpha-beta T-lymphocyte differentiation

regulation of alpha-beta T-cell differentiation

regulation of alpha-beta T lymphocyte differentiation

regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell differentiation. [GOC:ai]


negative regulation of alpha-beta T lymphocyte differentiation

down regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation

downregulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation

down-regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation

negative regulation of alpha-beta T-lymphocyte differentiation

negative regulation of alpha-beta T-cell differentiation

negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell differentiation. [GOC:ai]


positive regulation of alpha-beta T-lymphocyte differentiation

up regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation

positive regulation of alpha-beta T-cell differentiation

up-regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation

upregulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation

positive regulation of alpha-beta T lymphocyte differentiation

positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell differentiation. [GOC:ai]


cytotoxic T lymphocyte selection
cytotoxic T-lymphocyte selection
cytotoxic T-cell selection

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a cytotoxic T cell. [GOC:ai]


regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte differentiation

regulation of cytotoxic T-cell differentiation

regulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte differentiation

regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


down regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation

negative regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte differentiation

downregulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation

negative regulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte differentiation

negative regulation of cytotoxic T-cell differentiation

down-regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation

negative regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


upregulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation

positive regulation of cytotoxic T-cell differentiation

up-regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation

positive regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte differentiation

up regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation

positive regulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte differentiation

positive regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


gamma-delta T lymphocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic cell acquires specialized features of a gamma-delta T cell. A gamma-delta T cell is a T cell that expresses a gamma-delta T cell receptor complex. [CL:0000798, GOC:jl]


regulation of gamma-delta T-cell differentiation

regulation of gamma-delta T lymphocyte differentiation

regulation of gamma-delta T-lymphocyte differentiation

regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


negative regulation of gamma-delta T-cell differentiation

down-regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation

negative regulation of gamma-delta T-lymphocyte differentiation

downregulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation

negative regulation of gamma-delta T lymphocyte differentiation

down regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation

negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


positive regulation of gamma-delta T-cell differentiation

upregulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation

positive regulation of gamma-delta T-lymphocyte differentiation

up-regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation

up regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation

positive regulation of gamma-delta T lymphocyte differentiation

positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


regulation of T-lymphocyte differentiation

regulation of T lymphocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]