extraction of mislocalized protein from outer mitochondrion membrane

extraction of mislocalized protein from mitochondrial outer membrane

The removal of a mislocalized protein from the mitochondrial outer membrane. [PMID:32973005]


The division of a vacuole within a cell to form two or more separate vacuoles. [PMID:19643199]


A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins containing the histone H3, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures. [PMID:33155135]


transmembrane monodehydroascorbate reductase activity

Oxidation of monodehydroascorbate outside of a membrane coupled to the reduction of L-ascorbate to monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical on the inner side of a membrane. Electrons get transferred across the membrane during the reaction. [PMID:1623014, RHEA:66524]


mitochondrion autophagosome adaptor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a mitochondrial membrane and an autophagosome during mitophagy. [PMID:33138913]


P-type monovalent copper transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cu+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Cu+(out). [RHEA:25792]


adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled cAMP receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by extracellular cAMP binding to its receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. [PMID:9578623]


A DNA translocase activity that folds chromosomal DNA and catalytically extends the newly formed loop, driven by ATP hydrolysis. [PMID:23074191, PMID:26499245, PMID:27210764]


enhancer-promoter loop anchoring activity

promoter-enhancer loop anchoring activity

Bridging together two cis-regulatory elements, colloquially referred to as promoters and/or enhancers, holding two loop anchors together to maintain a chromatin loop. [PMID:32213323]


terminator-promoter loop anchoring activity

promoter-terminator loop anchoring activity

Bridging together a cis-regulatory element and a terminator DNA sequences on the chromatin, holding two loop anchors together, maintaining a chromatin loop. [PMID:19933151]


chromosomal loop binding
DNA loop binding

Bridging together two DNA loop anchors together, maintaining a chromatin loop. [PMID:32213323]


effector-mediated suppression of host defenses by symbiont

A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the supression of a defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [PMID:28082413]


The process by which large macromolecular complexes are budded through the inner nuclear membrane, into the perinuclear space, thus acquiring a membrane envelope. The enveloped particle fuses with the outer nuclear membrane and is released into the cytoplasm. [PMID:27236823, PMID:32503943]


histone methyltransferase activity (H3-R8 specific)

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H3)-arginine (position 8) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H3-N-methyl-arginine (position 8). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 8 of histone H3. [PMID:20708585, PMID:31533925]


The apoplast region surrounding a host plant cell. Plants may be described as having two major compartments: the living symplast and the non-living apoplast. The apoplast is external to the plasma membrane and includes cell walls, intercellular spaces and the lumen of dead structures such as xylem vessels. Water and solutes pass freely through it. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [PMID:28082413]


xyloglucan-specific endo-beta-1,4-glucanase inhibitor activity

Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of xyloglucan-specific endo-beta-1,4-glucanase. [PMID:28082413]


Binding to and carrying a lipoprotein between two different cellular locations by moving along with the target lipoprotein. [PMID:7628437]


mitotic nuclear bridge midzone membrane domain

A nuclear membrane part at the midzone of the mitotic nuclear bridge. The midzone forms a bulge that is enriched in nuclear pores that lack baskets. [PMID:25963819, PMID:32502403]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the coenzyme mycofactocin, a variably glycosylated small molecule electron pair carrier derived from the C-terminal valine-tyrosine dipeptide of the ribosomally translated precursor peptide MftA. [PMID:21223593, PMID:27312813, PMID:30183269, PMID:30778644, PMID:31381312, PMID:33014324]


proton motive force-driven motor activity

A motor activity driven by an electrochemical proton gradient (proton-motive force). PMF-driven motors are used by bacterial flagella. [PMID:18216858]


cysteine-type endopeptidase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase. [PMID:32558991]


The chemical reactions or pathway resulting in the formation of phycocyanobilin, which involves the oxidative cleavage of heme by a heme oxygenase (HO) to form biliverdin IX alpha. Biliverdin IX alpha is subsequently converted to phycocyanobilin by a ferredoxin-dependent oxidoreductase (PCYA). [PMID:23345435]


Binding to a specific RNA molecule to prevent it from interacting with other partners or to inhibit its localization to the area of the cell or complex where it is active. [PMID:29084823]


A molecule that recognises toxic DNA structures, for example, double-strand breaks or collapsed replication forks, and initiates a signalling response. [PMID:31995034]


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Mn2+(in) = ADP + H+ + Mn2+(out) + phosphate. [PMID:11134055, PMID:15590060, PMID:15831496, PMID:21187401, RHEA:66820]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dihydroxy naphthalene (DHN)-melanin. [PMID:12788746, PMID:23998343]


An epigenetic regulation of transcription by physical interaction between a cis-acting element (enhancer, silencer) of one allele on one chromosome and the promoter of the corresponding allele on the homologous chromosome. Transvection can lead to either gene activation or repression. [PMID:24236213, PMID:33479152]


NADH:Fe(3+) oxidoreductase activity
NADH:Fe3+ oxidoreductase activity

ferric-chelate reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe3+-siderophore + NAD(+) + H(+) -> 2 Fe2+-siderophore + NADH. [RHEA:15061]


Binds to and increases a DNA strand exchange activity. [PMID:33493431]


Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces a DNA strand exchange activity. [PMID:33493431]


type I fimbriae
type I pili
type 1 pilus

A short filamentous structure on the surface of a bacterial cell distinguished from other pili by their D-mannose-sensitive agglutinatination of erythrocytes. In E. coli, type I pili consist of a short tip fibrillum made up of the adhesin protein (FimH) and two minor subunits (FimG and FimF) that is joined to the pilus rod, a homopolymer of ~1000 FimA subunits. [PMID:28496159, PMID:29345620]


The protein catabolic pathway which selectively extracts ER-resident membrane proteins exported to the Golgi and endosomes for degradation by cytosolic proteasomes. It begins with phosphorylation of the ER-resident membrane protein, which triggers export of the protein from the ER to the Golgi and endosomes, followed by polyubiquitination by the Dsc E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and extraction of the ubiquitinated target, and ends with proteasomal degradation. [PMID:31368600]


Combining with the opioid growth factor (OGF, met-enkephalin) and transmitting the signal across the nuclear membrane. Met-enkephalin is an endogenous opioid peptide that binds to opioid and opioid growth factor receptors, regulating tissue growth in a variety of cellular processes. [PMID:11890982]


opioid growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an opioid growth factor receptor binding to its physiological ligand, opioid growth factor (OGF, met-enkephalin). The OGF-OGFr complex leads to the increase in the synthesis of the selective cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor proteins, p12 (POLD4) and p16 (CDKN2A). [PMID:19675283, PMID:19923357]


ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the C-end degron rule pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the DesCEND (destruction via C-end degron) pathway. In the DesCEND pathway, C-terminal residues (C-end degrons) in substrates are recognized by Cul2-RING and Cul4-RING E3 ligases, whereupon the substrates are linked to ubiquitin and then delivered to the proteasome for degradation. C-end degrons can be present in full-length proteins, truncated proteins or proteolytically cleaved forms. [PMID:29775578, PMID:29779948]


outward rectifier potassium channel inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of an outwardly rectifying potassium channel. [PMID:28108814]


small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of a small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel. [PMID:20562108]


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate -> all-trans-phytoene + 2 diphosphate. [PMID:12641468, PMID:7896759]


aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+). [PMID:33495566]


The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an inflammasome complex. [PMID:33420028, PMID:33420033, PMID:33542150]


The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a CARD8 inflammasome complex. [PMID:33420028, PMID:33420033, PMID:33542150]


The movement of a neutrophil away from the site of wound or infection following its initial migration to the site. [PMID:31727891]


The process in which copper is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix. [PMID:32979421]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-37 production. [GOC:aruk, PMID:30362558]


The appearance of interleukin-37 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:aruk, PMID:30362558]


negative regulation of interleukin-37 production

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-37 production. [GOC:aruk, PMID:30362558]


positive regulation of interleukin-37 production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-37 production. [GOC:aruk]


regulation of interleukin-17A production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17A production. [GOC:aruk, PMID:27901018]


negative regulation of interleukin-17A production

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17A production. [GOC:aruk, PMID:27901018]


positive regulation of interleukin-17A production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17A production. [GOC:aruk]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-32 production. [GOC:aruk, PMID:23729669]


negative regulation of interleukin-32 production

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-32 production. [GOC:aruk, PMID:23729669]


positive regulation of interleukin-32 production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-32 production. [GOC:aruk]


Cell-cell signaling that starts with the activation of extrasynaptic GABA receptors in neurons through binding of ambient gamma-aminobutyric acid present in the extracellular fluid. [PMID:23038269, PMID:9364051]


regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor production. [GOC:TermGenie, GOC:yaf]


positive regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor production. [GOC:TermGenie, GOC:yaf]


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + tungstate(in) = ADP + phosphate + tungstate(out). [GOC:TermGenie, PMID:16952940, PMID:21784948, RHEA:35027]


ABC-type doxorubicin transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + doxorubicin(in) = ADP + phosphate + doxorubicin(out). [GOC:TermGenie, PMID:12057006, PMID:15090538]


Any pyroptotic process in a cytotoxic T cell. [GOC:nhn, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:32299851]


iron-sulfur cluster transmembrane transport

A process in which an iron-sulfur cluster is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:dph, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:19810706]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelin production. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:15560120]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase binding. [GO_REF:0000059, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:15798216]


upregulation of small GTPase binding
up regulation of small GTPase binding
up-regulation of small GTPase binding

positive regulation of small GTPase binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase binding. [GO_REF:0000059, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:15798216]


The appearance of a endothelin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Endothelins are endothelium-derived vasoactive peptides involved in a variety of biological functions. [PMID:15560120]


S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase NAD activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione + NAD+ = S-formylglutathione + NADH + H+. [RHEA:19985]


A cell aging process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to telomere shortening and/or cellular aging. [GOC:BHF]


A cell-substrate junction found at the terminal anchorage site of skeletal muscle cells to tendons. [GOC:mtg_muscle, PMID:12842007]


The multiplication of mitochondria, resulting in the expansion of the number of mitochondria within a cell. [PMID:28301064]


attachment of telomeres to nuclear envelope


ADA histone acetyltransferase complex location

A chromatin remodelling complex that regulates transcription via acetylation primarily of nucleosomal histones H3 and H2B. In budding yeast shares the histone acetylation (HAT) module of ADA2-GCN5-NGG1-SGF29 with the related SAGA complex. [GOC:bhm, PMID:21734642, PMID:28966424]


PCAF histone acetylase-associated complex location


SPT3-TAF9-GCN5 acetylase complex location


SPT3-TAF9-PCAF acetylase complex location


bacterial-type RNA polymerase regulatory region DNA binding


bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding


eubacterial-type RNA polymerase regulatory region DNA binding


eubacterial-type RNA polymerase regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding


bacterial-type cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding


bacterial-type proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding


bacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding


bacterial-type RNA polymerase enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding


bacterial-type RNA polymerase upstream activating sequence (UAS) sequence-specific DNA binding


eubacterial-type RNA polymerase regulatory transcription factor sequence-specific DNA binding


bacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding


eubacterial-type RNA polymerase core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding


promoter clearance from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter


transcription open complex formation at bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter


transcriptional open complex formation at bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter


transcriptional start site selection at bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter


maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during DNA-templated transcription elongation from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter


calmodulin-activated cyclic-nucleotide dual specificity phosphodiesterase activity


dihydrothymine dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity


beta-ketoacyl-acyl-carrier-protein synthase II activity


alpha-amylase activity (releasing maltohexaose)


phospholipase A2 activity (consuming 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine)


phospholipase A2 activity consuming 1,2-dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine)


glutamate transmembrane transporter activity


DNA replication-independent nuclesome assembly


transcription from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter


transcription initiation from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter


transcription termination from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter


RNA elongation from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter


transcription elongation from bacterial-type RNA polymerase promoter


quercetin 3'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside hydrolase activity


quercetin 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside hydrolase activity


evasion by virus of host immune response


evasion or tolerance by virus of host immune response


inhibition of extracellular antiviral response


negative regulation by virus of extracellular antiviral response


negative regulation by virus of intracellular antiviral response


negative regulation of host extracellular antiviral response by virus


negative regulation of host intracellular antiviral response by virus


suppression by virus of host extracellular antiviral response

suppression of host extracellular antiviral response by virus


suppression by virus of host immune response


suppression by virus of host intracellular antiviral response

suppression of host intracellular antiviral response by virus


viral inhibition of intracellular antiviral response


production of siRNA involved in gene silencing by small RNA


cellular protein-containing complex localization


establishment and maintenance of cellular protein complex localization


regulation of chromatin silencing at telomere


regulation of subtelomeric heterochromatin assembly


regulation of extent of heterochromatin assembly


24-cholest-5-ene-3beta,24-diol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (7alpha-hydroxylating) activity


octanoyl transferase activity (acting on glycine-cleavage complex H protein)


inhibition by virus of host RIG-I signaling


suppression by virus of host DDX58 signaling pathway


inhibition by virus of host MDA-5 signaling


suppression by virus of host IFIH1 signaling pathway


suppression by virus of host MDA-5 signalling pathway

suppression by virus of host MDA-5 signaling pathway


host mRNA cleavage by viral endoribonuclease


induction by virus of host endonucleolytic cleavage-dependent mRNA catabolic process


induction by virus of host endonucleolytic cleavage-dependent mRNA decay


viral endoribonuclease activity involved in degradation of host mRNA


RNA-mediated gene silencing by inhibition of translation


inhibition of cellular protein breakdown


inhibition of cellular protein catabolic process


inhibition of cellular protein catabolism


inhibition of cellular protein degradation


methylcobamide:coenzyme M methyltransferase activity


inhibition of viral release from host cell


activation of cellular protein breakdown


activation of cellular protein catabolic process


activation of cellular protein catabolism


activation of cellular protein degradation


positive regulation of cyclin catabolic process


positive regulation of cyclin catabolism


positive regulation of degradation of cyclin

positive regulation of cyclin degradation


long-term maintenance of gene activation


suppression by virus of host tapasin activity


3-carboxymuconate cycloisomerase type II activity


activation of cellular protein metabolic process


stimulation of cellular protein metabolic process


inhibition of cellular protein metabolic process


negative regulation by symbiont of host molecular function


down-regulation by host of symbiont protein function

downregulation by host of symbiont protein function

down regulation by host of symbiont protein function


inhibition by host of symbiont protein function


negative regulation by host of symbiont molecular function


2-chloroethanol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity

2-chloroethanol cytochrome-c oxidoreductase activity


ethanol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity

ethanol cytochrome-c oxidoreductase activity


methanol ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase activity


ATP-dependent protein-nucleic acid complex displacement activity


cellular protein-containing complex assembly


actin polymerization-dependent cell motility involved in migration of symbiont in host


bacterial-type RNA polymerase preinitiation complex assembly


bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription PIC formation


bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcriptional preinitiation complex formation


regulation of production of siRNA involved in gene silencing by small RNA


regulation of production of siRNA involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing by RNA

regulation of production of siRNA involved in PTGS


siRNA loading onto RISC involved in gene silencing by small RNA


siRNA loading onto RISC involved in RNA interference


nuclear retention of pre-mRNA at the site of transcription


nuclear retention of pre-mRNA with aberrant 3'-ends at the site of transcription


nuclear retention of unspliced pre-mRNA at the site of transcription


peptide pheromone export involved in positive regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion


peptide pheromone export involved in regulation of conjugation


mRNA destabilization-mediated gene silencing


RNA interference, targeting of mRNA for destruction


targeting of mRNA for destruction involved in RNA interference


non-reproductive fruiting body development


germacrene A alcohol dehydrogenase activity


positive regulation of mitotic recombination involved in replication fork processing


cytochrome P450 fatty acid omega-1 hydroxylase activity


beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity


The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a neutrophil extracellular trap, a network of extracellular fibers primarily composed of DNA from neutrophils, which bind and neutralizes pathogens. [PMID:28267716]


ATP-dependent H3-H4 histone complex loader activity


Ada2/Gcn5/Ada3 transcription activator complex location


chromatin maintenance during transcription elongation


The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by internalization and cleavage of the frizzled receptor to yeild a C-terminal fragment that is imported into the nucleus. The frizzled C-terminal fragment is incorporated into large ribonucleoprotein particles and stimulates their egress via nuclear budding. [PMID:22510459, PMID:22579286]


regulation of Frizzled Nuclear Import Wnt Pathway

regulation of Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway. [PMID:22510459, PMID:22579286]


positive regulation of Frizzled Nuclear Import Wnt Pathway

positive regulation of Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway. [PMID:22510459, PMID:22579286]


negative regulation of Frizzled Nuclear Import Wnt Pathway

negative regulation of Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway. [PMID:22510459, PMID:22579286]


mycophenolic acid anabolism
mycophenolic acid formation
mycophenolic acid biosynthesis
MPA formation
mycophenolic acid synthesis
MPA synthesis
MPA anabolism
MPA biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mycophenolic acid (MPA). MPA is the first isolated antibiotic natural product in the world obtained from a culture of Penicillium brevicompactum in 1893. [PMID:21398490, PMID:26751579, PMID:31209052]


The appearance of amphiregulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Amphiregulin (AREG) is a ligand of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a widely expressed transmembrane tyrosine kinase. AREG is synthesized as a membrane-anchored precursor protein that can engage in juxtacrine signaling on adjacent cells. Alternatively, after proteolytic processing by cell membrane proteases, mainly TACE/ADAM17, AREG is secreted and behaves as an autocrine or paracrine factor. [PMID:24463227]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of amphiregulin. [PMID:24463227]


positive regulation of amphiregulin production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of amphiregulin. [PMID:24463227]


histone demethylase activity (H3-K56 specific)


calcium- and calmodulin-regulated 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity


calcium- and calmodulin-regulated cAMP phosphodiesterase activity


viriditoxin synthesis
viriditoxin biosynthesis
viriditoxin formation


orotate:organic anion antiporter activity


sodium/chloride-dependent glycine betaine transporter activity


Fc receptor-mediated immune complex internalization


maternal-to-zygotic transition of gene expression

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression by which developmental control passes from the maternal genome to the zygotic genome. [PMID:19204068, PMID:32558204]


regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly


regulation of chromatin assembly/disassembly


mRNA binding translation repressor activity


RNA binding involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing

RNA binding involved in posttranscriptional gene silencing


negative regulation of production of siRNA involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing by RNA


positive regulation of production of siRNA involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing by RNA


downregulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly

down-regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly

down regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly


inhibition of chromatin assembly or disassembly


negative regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly


activation of chromatin assembly or disassembly


positive regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly


positive regulation of chromatin assembly/disassembly


stimulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly


up-regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly

up regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly


mitotic recombination involved in replication fork restart


mitotic recombination involved in replication restart


RNA N(1)-methyladenosine dioxygenase activity


SAICAR-lyase (fumarate forming) activity


mitotic recombination involved in replication fork processing


A protein complex required for the splicing of intron 4 of the cytochrome b (COB) gene. In S. cerevisiae, the complex contains the maturase bI4 (which derives from one of the products of the splicing), Leucyl-tRNA synthetase NAM2 and the intron 4 of the cytochrome b pre-mRNA. The two proteins stimulate the ribozyme activity of the pre-mRNA which autoctalyse a group I intron splicing. [GOC:lnp, PMID:19622748]


Aprotein complex required for the splicing of intron 3 of the cytochrome b (COB) gene. In S. cerevisiae, the complex contains the maturase bI3 (which derives from one of the products of the splicing), the MRS1 cofactor and the intron 4 of the cytochrome b pre-mRNA. The two proteins stimulate the ribozyme activity of the pre-mRNA which autoctalyse a group I intron splicing. [GOC:lnp, PMID:11773622]


nuclear envelope adjacent to nuclear pore complex location

nuclear envelope periphery of the nuclear pore complex location

The region of the nuclear envelope situated in close proximity to a nuclear pore complex. [GOC:mah, PMID:21802294, PMID:24184107]


A conserved RNA endonuclease complex required for spreading and epigenetic inheritance of heterochromatin. The rixosome contains six unique subunits: three structural subunits (Crb3, Rix1, and Ipi1) which form the core of the complex, and three catalytic subunits (the endonuclease Las1, the polynucleotide kinase Grc3, and the AAA-type ATPase Mdn1), which are involved in the processing of ribosomal RNA precursors. All subunits are essential for viability and are conserved from yeast to mammals, including humans. [GOC:vw, PMID:32491985, PMID:35355014]


dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NAD+) complex location

A heteromultimeric complex capable of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NAD+); in E. coli, composed of PreA and PreT. [PMID:21169495, PMID:34097066]


large ribosomal subunit pre-assembly complex location

A protein complex that assists early maturation of nascent 60S ribosomal subunits. The complex interacts with the large ribosomal subunit rRNA via one of the components (Urb2 in S. cerevisiae) and requires a RNA helicase (Dbp6 in S. cerevisiae). [GOC:lnp, PMID:17145778, PMID:9528757]


A heterodimeric enzyme complex that catalyzes the ligation of serine to tRNA(Ser), forming L-seryl-tRNA(Ser). [PMID:30943413]


An inflammasome complex that consists of NLRP6, PYCARD/ASC and caspase-1 or caspase-4/caspase-11. [PMID:30674671, PMID:34678144]


A transmembrane protein complex located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) involved in the correct folding of multipass membrane proteins in the ER membrane. In human, the substrate-binding Asterix (PAT10, WDR83OS) forms an obligate heterodimer with CCDC47. [PMID:32814900, PMID:33082068, PMID:33960686]


H3-H4 histone complex chaperone activity

A histone chaperone that carries a H3-H4 histone complex. [PMID:28053344]


H2A-H2B histone complex chaperone activity

A histone chaperone that carries a H2A-H2B histone complex. [PMID:28053344]


A post-transcriptional gene silencing pathway in which regulatory long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) elicit silencing of specific target genes, often miRNAs. [PMID:34454184]


Binds to and increases the activity of a actin severing protein. [PMID:25451933]


3-sulfino-L-alanine: proton, glutamate antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: 3-sulfino-L-alanine (cysteinesulfinate) (out) + H(+)(in) + L-glutamate(in) = 3-sulfino-L-alanine(in) + H(+)(out) + L-glutamate(out). [PMID:11566871]


aspartate:glutamate, proton antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H(+)(out) + L-aspartate(in) + L-glutamate(out) = H(+)(in) + L-aspartate(out) + L-glutamate(in). [PMID:11566871]


The initial developmental process that will lead to the formation of an eye. [GOC:dph]


Combining with a steroid hormone and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity or function. [GOC:signaling, PMID:14708019]


Generation of force resulting in movement, for example along a microfilament or microtubule, or in torque resulting in membrane scission or rotation of a flagellum. The energy required is obtained either from the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate or by an electrochemical proton gradient (proton-motive force). [GOC:mah, GOC:vw, PMID:11242086, PMID:29716949]


calmodulin-activated dual specificity 3',5'-cyclic-GMP, 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: 3',5'-cyclic AMP + H2O = AMP + H+ and 3',5'-cyclic GMP + H2O = GMP + H+; this activity is activated by binding to calcium-bound calmodulin. [PMID:8557689, PMID:9419816]


dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 5,6-dihydropyrimidine (5,6-dihydrouracil or 5,6-dihydrothymine) + NAD+ = a pyrimidine (uracil or thymine) + NADH + H+. [PMID:23150645]


nuclear glucocorticoid receptor activity

Combining with a glucocorticoid and transmitting the signal within the cell trigger a change in cell activity or function. [GOC:signaling, PMID:17689856, PMID:20920967]


high-affinity L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glutamate from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations. [TC:2.A.3.10.5]


DNA replication-dependent chromatin assembly

The formation of nucleosomes on newly replicated DNA, coupled to strand elongation. [GOC:mah]


Catalysis of the reaction: a 6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-polyprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol + AH2 + O2 = A + a 3-demethylubiquinol + H2O. [RHEA:50908]


ribosomal protein S5-alanine N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + N-terminal L-alanyl-[ribosomal protein] = CoA + H+ + N-terminal N-alpha-acetyl-L-alanyl-[ribosomal protein]. [RHEA:43752]


The directed movement of auxins from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region. [GOC:tair_curators, PMID:16990790]


siRNA-mediated long-distance posttranscriptional gene silencing

siRNA-mediated long-distance post-transcriptional gene silencing

An siRNA-mediated posttranscriptional gene silencing pathway in which small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) direct the cleavage of target mRNAs, and in which the silencing signal originates in one tissue and occurs in a different tissue. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, PMID:11590235, PMID:17785412]


The directed movement of nitrate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:krc]


The directed movement of hexuronide across a membrane. Hexuronides are any compound formed by combination of glycosidic linkage of a hydroxy compound (e.g. an alcohol or a saccharide) with the anomeric carbon atom of a hexuronate. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of glycerol across a membrane. Glycerol is 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of galactitol across a membrane. Galactitol is the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of mannitol across a membrane. Mannitol is the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group. [GOC:ai]


pyramidal neuron migration to cerebral cortex

The migration of a pyramidal neuron precursor from the ventricular zone to the correct layer of the cerebral cortex. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, PMID:12626695, PMID:22192824]


Combining with estrogen and transmitting the signal within the cell to trigger a change in cell activity or function. [GOC:signaling, PMID:17615392]


Binding to a nuclear estrogen receptor. [GOC:ai]


programmed DNA elimination by chromosome breakage

Regulated cleavage of the developing macronuclear genome at a limited number of chromosome breakage sites (CBS). The macronuclear destined segment (MDS) sequence adjacent to the CBS (or separated from it by a BES) receives a macronuclear telomere following chromosome breakage. [GOC:ns, PMID:15956677, PMID:25303953, PMID:32165395]


Binding to a nuclear cortisol receptor. [GOC:mah, PMID:12511169]


nuclear mineralocorticoid receptor binding

Binding to a nuclear mineralocorticoid receptor. [GOC:mah, PMID:12511169]


Combining with cortisol and transmitting the signal within the cell to trigger a change in cell activity or function. [GOC:mah, PMID:12511169]


Binding to a nuclear progesterone receptor. [GOC:mah]


regulation of extent of heterochromatin formation

A process that forms a boundary that limits the spreading of heterochromatin along a chromosome. [GOC:mah]


3alpha-hydroxy bile acid-CoA-ester 3-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: a 3alpha-hydroxy bile acid CoA + NAD+ = a 3-oxo bile acid CoA + H+ + NADH. [PMID:23836456, RHEA:55380]


Catalysis of the reaction: deoxycholoyl-CoA + cholate = deoxycholate + choloyl-CoA. [PMID:22021638, RHEA:49436]


Binding to a nuclear glucocorticoid receptor. [GOC:bf]


suppression by virus of host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of MAVS activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway in a host organism by reducing the activity of host MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein). MAVS is a signal transducer that lies downstream of the viral RNA receptors MDA-5 and RIG-I to coordinate host innate immune responses. [PMID:17438296, PMID:22674996]


suppression by virus of host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of IRF3 activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway in a host organism by reducing the activity of host IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor-3). IRF3 is a transcription factor in the RIG-I/MDA-5 signaling pathway. Viral infection triggers phosphorylation of cytoplasmic IRF3, which allows IRF3 to form a homodimer, migrate to the nucleus, and activate transcription of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta genes. [PMID:21632562]


suppression by virus of host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of host MDA-5 activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway by inhibiting the activity of MDA-5 (also known as IFIH1). The cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor MDA-5 detects dsRNA synthesized during active viral replication and triggers a signaling pathway to protect the host against viral infection, for example by inducing the expression of antiviral cytokines. [PMID:19019954, PMID:33727702]


suppression by virus of host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of IRF7 activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway by reducing the activity of IRF7 (interferon regulatory factor-7). IRF7 a transcription factor in the RIG-I/MDA-5 signaling pathway. Viral infection triggers phosphorylation of cytoplasmic IRF7, which allows IRF7 to form a homodimer, migrate to the nucleus, and activate transcription of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta genes. [PMID:11943871, PMID:16014964, PMID:19557165]


suppression by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade via inhibition of STAT1 activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a JAK-STAT signal cascade in a host organism by reducing the activity of host STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1). [PMID:32699158]


suppression by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade via inhibition of STAT2 activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a JAK-STAT signal cascade in a host organism by reducing the activity of host STAT2 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 2). [PMID:32699158]


suppression by virus of host ISG15-protein conjugation

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 conjugation to a susbtrate. ISG15 is a ubiquitin-like protein that is conjugated to lysine residues on various target proteins. Viruses escape from the antiviral activity of ISG15 by using different mechanisms; the influenza B virus NS1 protein for instance blocks the covalent linkage of ISG15 to its target proteins by directly interacting with ISG15. The papain-like protease from the coronavirus cleaves ISG15 derivatives. [PMID:11157743, PMID:18604270]


suppression by virus of host PKR signaling

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host PKR (Protein Kinase regulated by RNA) signaling. Host PKR signaling includes targets such as the translation initiation factor eIF2alpha, inhibiting protein synthesis as an antiviral response. [PMID:15207627]


suppression by virus of host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of TBK1 activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway in a host organism by reducing the activity of a host serine/threonine kinase TBK1. [PMID:22171259, PMID:34084167]


suppression by virus of host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of IKBKE activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway by reducing the activity of host I-kappa-B kinase epsilon (IKBKE/IKK-epsilon/IKK-E). [PMID:19153231, PMID:22532683, PMID:24173023]


A post-transcriptional gene silencing pathway mediated by the action of small regulatory non-coding RNAs (sRNAs). sRNAs are 20-500 nucleotides in length and found in bacteria. [PMID:12460531, PMID:2468565, PMID:33963446]


The directed movement of maltodextrin, any polysaccharide of glucose residues in beta-(1,4) linkage, across a membrane. [GOC:jl]


Binding to a transmembrane transporter, a protein or protein complex that enables the transfer of a substance, usually a specific substance or a group of related substances, from one side of a membrane to the other. [GOC:BHF, GOC:jl, PMID:33199372]


The directed movement of a xenobiotic from a cell, into the extracellular region. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:krc]


nuclear thyroid hormone receptor binding

Binding to a nuclear thyroid hormone receptor. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of glucosylglycerol, alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-(1,2)-glycerol, across a membrane. [GOC:ai]


phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent mannosylglycerate phosphotransferase system

A phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase transport specific for mammosylglycerate. [PMID:368051]


disruption by symbiont of host cytoskeleton

The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host cytoskeleton. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


inactivation of paternal X chromosome by genomic imprinting

Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global inactivation of all, or most of, the genes on the paternal X-chromosome in the XX sex by genomic imprinting. [GOC:dph, GOC:sdb_2009, GOC:tb]


inactivation of X chromosome by genomic imprinting

Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global inactivation of all, or most of, the genes on one of the X-chromosomes in the XX sex by genomic imprinting. [GOC:dph, GOC:sdb_2009, GOC:tb]


The directed movement of auxins from outside of a cell into a cell. [PMID:22773749]


2',3' cyclic GMP-AMP synthase activity
2',3' cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase activity
cyclic 2',3' GAMP synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GTP = 2 diphosphate + cyclic G-P(2'-5')A-P(3'-5') (cyclic 2',3' GAMP). [GOC:dph, PMID:23258413, RHEA:42064]


2',3' cyclic GAMP binding
2',3'-cyclic GAMP binding
c[G(2',5')pA(3',5')p] binding
2',3' cGAMP binding
2',5-3',5'-cyclic GMP-AMP binding
2',3'-cGAMP binding

Binding to 2',3' cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) nucleotide, a cyclic purine dinucleotide that consists of AMP and GMP units cyclized via 2',5' and 3',5' linkages. [GOC:dph, PMID:23258412, PMID:23910378]


actin polymerization-dependent cell migration in host

The directional movement of an organism, usually a bacterial cell, from one place to another within its host organism, by a process involving continuous polymerization of actin at one pole of the symbiont cell. Some bacteria use host actin for migration. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:jl, GOC:mah, PMID:15773977]


(S)-2-(5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido) succinate lyase (fumarate-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-(5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido)succinate = fumarate + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide. [GOC:mah, GOC:pde]


The process in which a single-stranded small RNA is incorporated within the RNA-initiated silencing complex (RISC). The assembly includes the maturation of the small RNA, the stabilization of the complex by accessory proteins of the RISC complex, duplex separation and the release of the second strand, forming a base-pairing completent complex that mediates gene silencing by small RNA. [PMID:14512631, PMID:14744438, PMID:19239886, PMID:22233755, PMID:27184117]


histone H3-tri/di-methyl-lysine-27 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a tri- or a dimethyl-lysine residue at position 27 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate. [GOC:sp, PMID:20622853]


endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol auxin transport

The directed movement of auxins from endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol. [PMID:19506555]


Binding to a toxin to prevent it from interacting with other partners or to inhibit its localization to the area of the cell or complex where it is active. [GOC:rs, PMID:19143615, PMID:19325885, PMID:21819231, PMID:22545240, PMID:24806488, Wikipedia:Toxin-antitoxin_system#Type_II]


A posttranscriptional gene silencing pathway that involves the cleavage of mRNAs in a non-gene-specific manner. [PMID:15009896]


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,-6-trans-farnesol + ATP = 2-trans,-6-trans-farnesyl monophosphate + ADP + H+. [GOC:pz, RHEA:61656]


Catalysis of the reaction: 8-oxo-(d)RTP + H20 = 8-oxo-(d)RMP + diphosphate + H+. [PMID:11139615]


Any process which produces a purine ribonucleotide from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis. [PMID:8864750]


Any process which produces a purine deoxyribonucleotide from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis. [PMID:6605343]


Any process which produces a dAMP from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis. [PMID:21829339, PMID:6605343]


Any process which produces a dGMP from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis. [PMID:21829339, PMID:6605343]


Any process which produces a dIMP from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis. [PMID:8692979]


(3R)-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NAD) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3R-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NADH. [PMID:19571038, PMID:25203508]


'de novo' guanosine 5'-monophosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP) through an inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) intermediate. [PMID:25605736]


18S rRNA aminocarboxypropyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N1-methylpseudouridine in 18S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N1-methyl-N3-[(3S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl]pseudouridine in 18S rRNA + S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine. [PMID:27084949]


Catalysis of the reaction: an ecdysteroid + ATP = an ecdysteroid 22-phosphate + ADP + H+. [PMID:16899460, RHEA:67972]


regulation of palmitic acid catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a palmitic acid catabolic process. [PMID:14677856]


negative regulation of palmitic acid catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a palmitic acid catabolic process. [PMID:14677856]


positive regulation of palmitic acid catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a palmitic acid catabolic process. [PMID:14677856]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of R7 cell fate commitment. [GOC:ha, PMID:22878552]


positive regulation of R7 cell fate commitment

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R7 cell fate commitment. [GOC:ha, PMID:22878552]


negative regulation of R7 cell fate commitment

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R7 cell fate commitment. [GOC:ha, PMID:22878552]


Catalysis of the reaction: an acyl-CoA + H2O = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an acyl-4'-phosphopantetheine + 2 H(+). [PMID:32915949, RHEA:50044]


double-strand break repair via transcription-associated homologous recombination

A mechanism of homologous recombination and DNA repair in which transcript RNA is used as a template for DSB repair. [PMID:25186730]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a Lewis x epitope, a trisaccharide (beta-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,3)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine) expressed on several glycolipids, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans of the nervous system. The related Lewis x epitope is formed by alpha(1,3) fucosylation of the N-acetylglucosaminyl residue of a type 2 histo-blood group antigen precursor disaccharide. [PMID:16973732, PMID:23000574]


isoprenoid diphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the dephosphorylation of isoprenoid diphosphates. [PMID:33246356]


Glc2Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharide glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Glc(2)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-[protein] + H(2)O = GlcMan(9)GlcNAc(2)-[protein] + beta-D-glucopyranose. [PMID:30389790]


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ATP = 3',3'-c-di-AMP + 2 diphosphate. [PMID:30884174, RHEA:35655]


Catalysis of the reaction: 3',3'-c-di-AMP + H2O = 5'-O-phosphonoadenylyl-(3'-5')-adenosine + H+. [PMID:21909268, RHEA:54420]


Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of a box C/D RNA molecule. [PMID:34352089]


Catalysis of the reaction: 5'XMP + H20 = phosphate + xanthosine. [PMID:34824243, RHEA:28530]


Catalysis of the reaction: RNA-uracil + acceptor = RNA-dihydrouridine + reduced acceptor. [PMID:12581659, PMID:25073379]


Catalysis of the reaction: mRNA-uracil + acceptor = mRNA-dihydrouridine + reduced acceptor. [PMID:34798057]


GlcNAc-MurNAc-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelyl-D-alanine + H(2)O = GlcNAc-MurNAc-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate + D-alanine. [PMID:10428950, PMID:15361936]


Catalysis of the reaction: dopaminechrome = 5,6-dihydroxyindole. [PMID:34388859]


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramate + L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate = ADP + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate. [PMID:17384195, PMID:8808921, RHEA:29563]


NAD-dependent protein lipoamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-N6-lipoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + H2O + NAD+ = 2''-O-lipoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide. [PMID:25525879]


NAD-dependent protein biotinidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-biotinyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 2''-O-biotinyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide. [PMID:25525879]


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: L-glutamate(out) + H+(in) = L-glutamate(in) + H+(out). [PMID:29273736]


Catalysis of the reaction: Zeaxanthin + O(2) <=> (3R)-11-cis-3-hydroxyretinal + (3R)-all-trans-3-hydroxyretinal. [PMID:19020100, PMID:19889630, RHEA:33931]


Binding to a member of the glucagon family peptide hormone (e.g. glucagon, glucagon-like peptides, oxyntomodulin, glicentin, ADCYAP1, GHRH, secretin, VIP, GIP). [PMID:17715056]


The use of external chemical cues called pheromones to send social and sexual information between members of the same species, leading to specific behavioral responses. Pheromones may be detected by two olfactory sensory circuits, the main olfactory pathway and the vomeronasal system. [GOC:krc, PMID:17935991]


long-chain fatty acid omega-1 hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an (omega-1)-ethyl long-chain fatty acid + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = an (omega-1)-hydroxy-long-chain fatty acid + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase. [GOC:nhn, PMID:18577768, PMID:22772592, PMID:24242247, RHEA:60936]


The myosin-based contraction and retraction of a lateral pseudopodium. [GOC:krc, GOC:pf, PMID:12953059, PMID:15483055, PMID:17623773]


lipid modification by small protein conjugation

A lipid modification process in which one or more groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are covalently attached to a target lipid. [GOC:sp, PMID:34012115]


The process in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to a lipid. [GOC:sp, PMID:34012115]


The morphological, biochemical and genetic changes that induce the differentiation of bloodstream form trypomastigotes into procyclic trypomastigotes in some of the Trypanosomatidae species such as Trypanosoma brucei. This process occurs inside the midgut of the tsetse fly vectors in T. brucei. [GOC:ach, https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/sleepingsickness/biology.html, PMID:10593184, PMID:1698624, PMID:17997129, PMID:3194362, PMID:3194363]


Binding to a NuRD complex. [GOC:krc, GOC:lb, PMID:25150861]


appressorium-mediated invasion into host

appressorium-mediated penetration into host

Penetration by a symbiont into a host organism via an appressorium. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:ach, GOC:krc, PMID:14731267, PMID:22589729]


ATP-dependent DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity

Catalytic activity that acts to transfer a methyl group to a DNA molecule, driven by ATP hydrolysis. [GOC:krc, PMID:31955845, PMID:32437639]


protein localisation to centriolar satellite

protein localization to centriolar satellite

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a centriolar satellite. [PMID:34782749]


The directed movement of the contractile vacuole to a specific location. [PMID:19687255]


ATP-dependent protein disaggregase activity

An ATP-dependent molecular chaperone activity that mediates the solubilization of ordered protein aggregates. [PMID:26312418]


A chromatin adaptor that recognizes specific forms of histones, either modified by a post-translational modification, or the unmodified form. Histone readers have roles in many processes, including in centromere function or in modulating the accessibility of cis-regulatory regions to the transcription machinery. [PMID:11498575, PMID:25688442, PMID:31082667, PMID:32260176, PMID:34726351]


Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of pyroptosis. [PMID:24626226]


catalytic activity, acting on a nucleic acid

Catalytic activity that acts to modify a nucleic acid. [GOC:pg]


metaphase spindle stability
metaphase spindle stabilization

mitotic spindle formation (spindle phase two)

The spindle organization process in which the spindle is maintained at a constant length during mitotic metaphase. [PMID:32723864]


meiotic spindle formation (spindle phase two)

The spindle organization process in which the spindle is maintained at a constant length during meiotic metaphase. [PMID:32723864]


hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NAD(+) <=> 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADH. [PMID:29224355, RHEA:14833]


negative regulation of pre-B cell receptor expression

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process leading up to expression of the pre-B cell receptor on the surface of pre-B cells. [PMID:22949502]


P450-containing electron transport chain

A electron transport chain in which one or more electron carriers operate to transfer electrons from donors to a cytochrome P450 protein or domain. Electron carriers operating in this chain include FAD-containing flavoproteins or domains, FMN domains, ferredoxins and cytochrome b5. The reduced cytochrome P450 functions as the terminal oxidase and participates in a wide range of biochemical pathways. [PMID:16042601]


positive regulation of cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic to meiotic cell cycle switching, the process in which a cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division. [PMID:22375066]


cell-to-cell migration by invasive hypha

The directional movement of a hyphal filament from one host cell to another. This process involves the clearance of plant-derived plasmodesmal occlusion materials, cytoskeleton based constriction of invasive hypha to traverse plasmodesmata. Septins and F-actin are reorganized into an hourglass shape at the point of maximum hyphal constriction. [PMID:29567712]


radial glia-dependent neuronal migration

radial glia-guided pyramidal neuron migration

The radial migration of a pyramidal neuron along radial glial cells. [PMID:3760547]


The phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of creatine in a futile cycle, which dissipates the high energy charge of phosphocreatine as heat without performing any mechanical or chemical work. The futile creatine cycle takes place in thermogenic fat cells and is part of adaptive thermogenesis. [PMID:33597756, PMID:33981039]


pyripyropene A formation
pyripyropene A biosynthesis
pyripyropene A synthesis
pyripyropene A anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyripyropene A. [GOC:ach, PMID:21224862, PMID:26019565]


fumitremorgin C formation
fumitremorgin C biosynthesis
fumitremorgin C synthesis
fumitremorgin C anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fumitremorgin C. [GOC:ach, PMID:19226505]


tryprostatin A synthesis
tryprostatin A biosynthesis
tryprostatin A formation
tryprostatin A anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tryprostatin A. [GOC:ach, PMID:19226505]


Binds to and increases the activity of an endodeoxyribonuclease. [PMID:33836577]


ATPase activity
ATPase activity, coupled
ATP hydrolysis-dependent activity
ATPase-dependent activity

A molecular function characterized by the coupling of ATP hydrolysis to other steps of a reaction mechanism to make the reaction energetically favorable, for example to catalyze a reaction or drive transport against a concentration gradient. [PMID:24878343, PMID:25750732, PMID:32933017, PMID:33818025, PMID:33873056, PMID:33988324]


ATP hydrolysis-dependent chromatin remodeler activity

ATPase-dependent chromatin remodeler activity

ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler activity

An activity, driven by ATP hydrolysis, that modulates the contacts between histones and DNA, resulting in a change in chromosome architecture within the nucleosomal array, leading to chromatin remodeling. [PMID:14729263, PMID:19165147, PMID:21862382, PMID:30867599, PMID:34313222]


Binds to and modulates the activity of a motor protein. [PMID:23142046, PMID:33221250]


Binds to and increases the activity of a motor protein. [PMID:33221250]


Binds to and stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of a motor protein. [PMID:23142046]


Binding to a protein or a protein-containing complex to assist the protein folding process, driven by ATP hydrolysis. [PMID:27365453]


Binding to and delivering metal ions to a target protein, driven by ATP hydrolysis. [PMID:16843540]


ATP-dependent DNA damage sensing activity

ATP-dependent DNA damage sensor activity

A molecule that recognises toxic DNA structures, and initiates a signalling response, driven by ATP hydrolysis. [PMID:33302090, PMID:33510387]


histone H3-H4 dimer loading activity
H3-H4 dimer loading activity

ATP-dependent H3-H4 histone complex chaperone activity

A histone chaperone that carries a H3-H4 histone complex, driven by ATP hydrolysis. [PMID:31848341, PMID:33658433]


An activity that facilitates the formation of a complementary double-stranded polynucleotide molecule. [PMID:22888405]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of oxytocin. [PMID:25096581]


positive regulation of oxytocin production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of oxytocin. [PMID:25096581]


negative regulation of oxytocin production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of production of oxytocin. [PMID:25096581]


ATP-dependent cohesin unloading activity

Facilitating a conformational change to unload a cohesin complex from sister chromatids, driven by ATP hydrolysis. [PMID:26687354]


euchromatin maintenance during transcription elongation

maintenance of transcriptionally active chromatin during transcription elongation

maintainance of chromatin integrity during transcription elongation by RNAPII

The reestablishment of chromatin structure that was disrupted upon passage of RNA polymerase II during transcription elongation. This process prevents cryptic intragenic transcription initiation. [PMID:22922743]


ATP-dependent histone chaperone activity

Binding to and carrying a histone or a histone complex to unload or deposit it as a nucleosome, driven by ATP hydrolysis. [PMID:26459557]


Fluctuation in the extracellular cAMP levels due to the alternate activation of adenylate cyclase, which produces cAMP, and phosphodiesterase, which degrades it. Occurs in Dictyostelium during early sorocarp development. Oscillation in signaling result is directional chemotaxis of cells towards the center of the aggregate. [PMID:18657484]


A molecular function regulator that activates or increases the activity of its target via non-covalent binding that does not result in covalent modification to the target. [GOC:curators]


A molecular function regulator that inhibits or decreases the activity of its target via non-covalent binding that does not result in covalent modification to the target. [GOC:curators]


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Na(out). [PMID:9106203]


histone H3-di/monomethyl-lysine-36 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a di- or a monomethyl-lysine residue at position 36 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate. [PMID:20531378]


histone H3-tri/dimethyl-lysine-36 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a tri- or a dimethyl-lysine residue at position 36 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate. [PMID:21914792]


histone H3-di/monomethyl-lysine-4 FAD-dependent demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a di- or a monomethyl-lysine residue at position 4 of the histone H3 protein. This is a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent amine oxidation reaction. [PMID:22473470]


histone H3-di/monomethyl-lysine-9 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a di or a monomethyl-lysine residue at position 9 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate. [PMID:16603238]


histone H3-tri/dimethyl-lysine-9 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a tri or a dimethyl-lysine residue at position 9 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate. [PMID:20208542, PMID:20531378]


histone H3-di/monomethyl-lysine-9 FAD-dependent demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a di- or a monomethyl-lysine residue at position 9 of the histone H3 protein. This is a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent amine oxidation reaction. [PMID:22473470]


Binding to an RNA or an RNA-containing complex to assist the folding process. [PMID:31165735]


very long-chain fatty acid omega-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an omega-methyl-very-long-chain fatty acid + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = an omega-hydroxy-very-long-chain fatty acid + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase]. [PMID:16547005]


Binding and bringing together two or more macromolecules in contact, permitting those molecules to organize as a molecular condensate. [PMID:28225081]


The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a non-membrane-bounded organelle. [PMID:28225081]


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + a quinone = 2-oxoglutarate + a quinol. [PMID:30498244, RHEA:58664]


attachment of telomeric heterochromatin to nuclear envelope

The process in which physical connections are formed between sub-telomeric heterochromatin and the nuclear envelope facilitating bouquet formation. [PMID:31635174]


3',2'-cyclic GAMP synthase activity
3',2' cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GTP = 2 diphosphate + cyclic G-P(3'-5')A-P(2'-5') (cyclic 3',2' GAMP). [PMID:34261127]


3',3' cyclic-GAMP synthase activity
3',3' cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase activity
3',3'-cyclic GAMP synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GTP = 2 diphosphate + cyclic G-P(3'-5')A-P(3'-5') (cyclic 3',3' GAMP). [PMID:30787435, RHEA:35647]


3',3'-cGMP-AMP binding
3',3'-cyclic GAMP binding
3',3' cyclic-GMP-AMP binding
3',3'-cGAMP binding

Binding to 3',3' cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) nucleotide, a cyclic purine dinucleotide that consists of AMP and GMP units cyclized via 3',5' and 3',5' linkages. [PMID:30787435]


3',2'-cGAMP binding
3',2'-cyclic GAMP binding
3',2' cyclic-GMP-AMP binding

Binding to 3',2' cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) nucleotide, a cyclic purine dinucleotide that consists of AMP and GMP units cyclized via 3',5' and 2',5' linkages. [PMID:34261127]


protein-containing complex localization to centriolar satellite

A protein-containing complex localization by which the complex is transported to, or maintained in, the centriolar satellite. [PMID:27979967]


chromatin-nuclear membrane anchor activity

Binding to chromatin and the nuclear inner membrane, in order to establish and maintain the heterochromatin location and organization, or to enable equal segregation of the nuclear membrane during mitosis. [PMID:24184107]


The C-terminal elongation of 60S-anchored stalled nascent polypeptide chains with untemplated alanine and threonine tails (CAT tails). CAT tails participate in the recognition of stalled nascent chains by the ribosome quality control sytem. [PMID:25554787, PMID:32934225]


Entry of a symbiont into host plant tissue via the stromata, microscopic pores in the epidermis of the aerial parts of terrestrial plants. These pores are essential for photosynthesis, as they allow CO(2) to diffuse into the plant. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [PMID:16959560, PMID:17419713, PMID:29307013]


The assembly of facultative heterochromatin, heterochromatin that can be converted to euchromatin and allow transcription under specific contexts. These can be temporal (e.g., developmental states or specific cell-cycle stages), spatial (e.g., nuclear localization changes from the center to the periphery or vice versa due to exogenous factors/signals), or parental/heritable (e.g., monoallelic gene expression). [PMID:17936700]


The assembly of constitutive heterochromatin, heterochromatin that is always in a conformation refactory to transcription. [PMID:17936700]


Binds to and modulates the activity of a nuclease. [PMID:28785032, PMID:29554913, PMID:30046034]


positive regulation of patulin anabolism

positive regulation of patulin synthesis

positive regulation of patulin formation

positive regulation of patulin biosynthetic process

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of patulin. [PMID:25625822]


Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of free heme. These include transport of heme away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of heme. [PMID:26741528, PMID:32983129]


siRNA dependent pericentric heterochromatin assembly

siRNA-dependent pericentric heterochromatin assembly

The assembly of pericentric heterochromatin by a process mediated by a small interfering RNA. [PMID:15289661]


Binding to a GC-box, a DNA motif with the consensus sequence GGGCGG that is located upstream of the start point of eukaryotic transcription units. The GC-box may occur in multiple copies or in either orientation relative to the transcription start site. [PMID:14701757]


self-resistance to bioactive secondary metabolite

self-resistance to endogenously produced compound

self-resistance to endogenously produced toxin

self-resistance to endogenously produced metabolite

A process that reduces or removes the toxicity of an endogenously produced substance. Mechanisms of resistance to endogenously produced compounds include modification the compound, export, sequestration, or mutations in the target enzyme. [PMID:21923907, PMID:29763292]


Binds to and increases the activity of a tRNA ligase, an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of aminoacyl-tRNA. [PMID:30943413]


The elimination of ammonium ions from an excretory cell. [PMID:25740900]


mevacor synthesis
mevacor formation
lovastatin anabolism
monacolin K formation
lovastatin biosynthesis
lovastatin formation
mevacor biosynthesis
lovastatin synthesis
mevinolin biosynthetic process
monacolin K biosynthesis
monacolin K anabolism
mevacor biosynthetic process
monacolin K synthesis
mevinolin formation,
mevinolin anabolism
mevinolin biosynthesis
mevinolin synthesis
mevacor anabolism
monacolin K biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lovastatin (also known as mevinolin, mevacor or monacolin K), a hypolipidemic inhibitor of (3S)-hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (HMGR). [PMID:10334994, PMID:10381407]


positive regulation of monacolin K biosynthetic process

positive regulation of mevinolin biosynthetic process

positive regulation of mevacor biosynthetic process

positive regulation of lovastatin biosynthetic process

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lovastin. [PMID:10334994, PMID:19781329]


Intracellular non-membrane bound organelle, consisting of proteinaceous polyhedral shells that encapsulate enzymes, protecting the contents from their surrounding milieu and/or the milieu from reactants in their interior. The self-assembling, 25-42 nm nanocompartment shell, unlike larger bacterial microcompartments, is made of only one protein, and has only a few proteins inside. Shells about vary from about 25-42 nm in diameter. The shell protein has an HK97-like fold and probably evolved from a viral protein. Artificial encapsulin nanocompartments can be expressed and filled with cargo proteins for biotechnological uses. They are found in many bacterial and a few archaeal phyla. [PMID:32918485]


The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a NLRP6 inflammasome complex. [PMID:30674671, PMID:34678144]


Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginyl-[protein] + NAD(+) = ADP-riboxanated L-argininyl-[protein] + H(+) + NH4(+) + nicotinamide. [PMID:34671164, RHEA:69500]


tRNA uracil 4-sulfurtransferase
tRNA uracil 4 sulfurtransferase

Catalyzes the reaction: ATP + [ThiI sulfur-carrier protein]-S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + uracil in tRNA + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster <=> AMP + diphosphate + 4-thiouracil in tRNA + [ThiI sulfur-carrier protein]-L-cysteine + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster. [PMID:27791189, PMID:5541999, RHEA:24176]


The transcription of lncRNAs, non-coding RNAs over 200 nucleotides in length, from a DNA template. [PMID:33767452, PMID:33913806]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of a lncRNA. [PMID:33767452, PMID:33913806]


negative regulation of lncRNA transcription

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of a lncRNA. [PMID:33767452, PMID:33913806]


The transcription of a small interfering RNA from an RNA template. [PMID:23001036]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of small interfering RNA transcripts (siRNAs). [PMID:25928405]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription of a non-protein coding gene from a DNA-template. [GOC:pg]


positive regulation of regulation of ascospore wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ascospore wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process. [PMID:19189958]


Catalysis of the reaction: phlorizin + H2O = beta-D-glucose + phloretin. [PMID:9762914]


A histone octamer slider activity that spaces nucleosomes along chromosomal DNA. This activity is involved in assembling chromatin in uniform nucleosome arrays to regulate transcription by RNA polymerases I, II, and III, as well as DNA replication, recombination and repair. [PMID:11683384, PMID:16468993]


A chromatin remodeler activity that slides core histone octamers along chromosomal DNA. [PMID:10466730]


branched 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) = UDP + a branched [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n+1). [PMID:34959732]


linear 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) = UDP + a linear [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n+1). [PMID:34959732]


reorganization of cellular membranes to establish viral sites of replication

A process in intracellular membranes are reorganized by viral proteins that perturb membrane integrity and can cause an extensive rearrangement of cellular membranes, forming membranous webs, which are thought to be the site of replication or certain viruses, for example the HPV virus. [PMID:19376974]


reorganization of host cellular membranes to establish sites of replication

A process in which a virus triggers host intracellular membranes to be reorganized, forming membranous webs, which are thought to be the site of replication or certain viruses, for example the HPV virus. [PMID:34699787, PMID:4372566]


The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the proteasome. [PMID:10500111, PMID:28525752, PMID:28583440, PMID:29652515]


An thiol-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves NEDD8 from a target protein to which it is conjugated. [PMID:25628956]


An metal-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves NEDD8 from a target protein to which it is conjugated. [PMID:25628956]


histone lysine N-methyltransferase activity (H3-K56 specific)

histone methyltransferase activity (H3-K56 specific)

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 56) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 56). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group onto lysine at position 56 of the histone H3 protein. [PMID:23451023, PMID:28743002]


histone H3-tri/dimethyl-lysine-56 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a tri or a dimethyl-lysine residue at position 56 of the histone H3 protein. [PMID:23451023, PMID:28743002]


calcium- and calmodulin-regulated cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity

calcium/calmodulin-regulated cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase activity

calcium- and calmodulin-regulated AMP-specific phosphodiesterase activity

calmodulin-activated 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic AMP + H2O = AMP + H+; this activity is activated by binding to calcium-bound calmodulin. [PMID:15901640]


glucose dehydrogenase (FAD, quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a quinone + D-glucose = a quinol + D-glucono-1,5-lactone. [RHEA:47372]


programmed DNA elimination by elimination of internal DNA segments

A programmed DNA elimination mechanism in which specific sequences, namely, internal eliminated sequences (IES) and breakage eliminated sequences (BES) are removed from the genome. This process is known to occur in ciliates. [PMID:18708581]


small RNA binding translational repressor activity

A translational repressor activity that binds to a single-stranded small regulatory RNA (either a miRNA or a siRNA) to guide it to its target mRNA. [PMID:27184117, PMID:34117606]


NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity (H3-K56 specific)

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 56) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 56) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 56 of the histone H3 protein. [PMID:23911928, PMID:30374165]


posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA

post-transcriptional gene silencing by siRNA

A post-transcriptional gene silencing pathway in which small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) elicit silencing of specific target genes. siRNAs are 21-23 nucleotide RNA duplexes that are fully complementary to their target mRNA. siRNAs can be exported and act in other cells, including in germline cells. Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), siRNAs can downregulate gene expression by either of two posttranscriptional mechanisms: endonucleolytic cleavage of the mRNA or mRNA translational repression. siRNAs are present in lower animals and plants, but not found in mammals; whereas miRNAs are present in all the animals and in plants. [PMID:26372022]


An adaptor that brings together an enzyme and its substrate. Adaptors recruit the substrate to its enzyme, thus contributing to substrate selection and specificity. [PMID:16250895, PMID:34358446]


protein ADP-ribosyltransferase-substrate adaptor activity

An enzyme-substrate adaptor that bings together a protein ADP-ribosyl transferase and its substrate. [PMID:32028527]


ACP-dependent peptidyl-lysine N6-myristoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-[protein] + tetradecanoyl-[ACP] = H(+) + holo-[ACP] + N(6)-tetradecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein]. [PMID:32461253]


CoA-dependent peptidyl-lysine N6-myristoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-[protein] + tetradecanoyl-CoA = CoA + H(+) + N(6)-tetradecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein]. [PMID:1402651, RHEA:59752]


ACP-dependent peptidyl-lysine N6-palmitoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hexadecanoyl-[ACP] + L-lysyl-[protein] = H(+) + holo-[ACP] + N(6)-hexadecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein]. [PMID:32461253]


CoA-dependent peptidyl-lysine N6-palmitoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-[protein] + hexadecanoyl-CoA = CoA + H(+) + N(6)-hexadecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein]. [PMID:30061757]


NAD-dependent protein demyristoylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N6-tetradecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD(+) + H2O = tetradecanoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide. [PMID:23552949]


NAD-dependent protein depalmitoylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N6-octadecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD(+) + H2O = octadecanoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide. [PMID:23552949]


Binding to an actin filament and promoting the dissociation of an actin filament branch. [PMID:20362448]


protein-containing complex destabilizing activity

A molecular function that involves direct binding to one of the subunits of a protein-containing complex and promoting the dissociation of one or many subunits. This often happens by changing the conformation of the protein being bound, which decreases its affinity for the rest of the complex. [PMID:23727094, PMID:29779865, PMID:34836783]


protein-containing complex stabilizing activity

A molecular function that involves direct binding to one of the subunits of a protein-containing complex, thus preventing an interaction with a factor that would promote dissociation of the complex. [PMID:34040253]


A protein-containing complex stabilizing activity that prevents dissociation of microtubules. [PMID:34970964]


The appearance of XCL1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [PMID:7973732]


ilicicolin H formation
ilicicolin H biosynthesis
ilicicolin H anabolism
ilicicolin H synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ilicicolin H, a 4-hydroxy-2-pyridone alkaloid that has potent and broad antifungal activities by inhibiting the mitochondrial respiration chain. [PMID:30905148, PMID:31216742, PMID:34947016]


novofumigatonin synthesis
novofumigatonin biosynthesis
novofumigatonin formation
novofumigatonin anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of novofumigatonin, a heavily oxygenated meroterpenoid containing a unique orthoester moiety. [PMID:29968715]


(M)-viriditoxin anabolism
(M)-viriditoxin biosynthesis
(M)-viriditoxin synthesis
(M)-viriditoxin formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (M)-viriditoxin, a fungal secondary metabolite with antibacterial activity. [PMID:31045362, PMID:31304040]


Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of a metal ion. [GOC:pg]


Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of an amino acid. [GOC:pg]


Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of glutamine. [PMID:34535752]


Catalysis of the active transport of a phosphate ion across a membrane by a mechanism involving conformational change, where energy for active transport is derived from membrane potential if the solute is charged. [PMID:29642010]


Catalysis of the active transport of a L-glutamate across a membrane by a mechanism involving conformational change, where energy for active transport is derived from membrane potential if the solute is charged. [PMID:27133463, PMID:29642010]


histone serine/threonine phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone serine phosphate + H2O = histone serine + phosphate, and histone threonine phosphate + H2O = histone threonine + phosphate. [PMID:18614045]


histone serine phosphatase activity (H2-S140 specific)

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2 serine phosphate (position 140) + H2O = histone serine (position 140) + phosphate. [PMID:18614045]


Catalysis of the reaction: histone tyrosine phosphate + H2O = histone tyrosine + phosphate. [PMID:19234442, PMID:19351884]


histone tyrosine phosphatase activity (H2-Y142 specific)

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2 tyrosine phosphate (position 142) + H2O = histone tyrosine (position 142) + phosphate. [PMID:19234442, PMID:19351884]


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone 3 L-arginyl = histone 3 L-citrullyl + NH4+, resulting in histone citrullination. [PMID:15339660]


histone-arginine deiminase activity (H3-R2 specific)

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone 3 L-arginyl (position 2)= histone 3 L-citrullyl (position 2) + NH4+, resulting in histone H3 citrullination at position 2. [PMID:15339660]


histone-arginine deiminase activity (H3-R8 specific)

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone 3 L-arginyl (position 8)= histone 3 L-citrullyl (position 8) + NH4+, resulting in histone H3 citrullination at position 8. [PMID:15339660]


histone-arginine deiminase activity (H3-R17 specific)

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone 3 L-arginyl (position 17)= histone 3 L-citrullyl (position 17) + NH4+, resulting in histone H3 citrullination at position 17. [PMID:15339660]


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycine(out) + n H(+)(in) = glycine(in) + n H(+)(out). [PMID:16701208, PMID:26912364]


gamma-aminobutyric acid:proton antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: 4-aminobutanoate(out) + n H+(in) = 4-aminobutanoate(in) + n H+(out). [PMID:16701208, PMID:26912364, PMID:27601664]


histone kinase activity (H2A-Y142 specific)

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the tyrosine-142 residue of the C-terminal tail of histone H2A. [PMID:19092802]


NAD+-protein-C-terminal glycine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [protein]-C-terminal glycine + NAD(+) = [protein]-C-terminal O-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-glycine + nicotinamide. [PMID:28525742, RHEA:58268]


NAD+- protein-cysteine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteinyl-[protein] + NAD(+) = H(+) + nicotinamide + S-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-cysteinyl-[protein]. [PMID:25043379, RHEA:56612]


NAD+- protein-lysine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD(+) = H(+) + N(6)-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide. [PMID:25043379, RHEA:58220]


Catalysis of the reaction: L-seryl-[protein] + NAD(+) = H(+) + nicotinamide + O-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-seryl-[protein]. [PMID:32028527, PMID:33186521, RHEA:58232]


NAD+- protein-aspartate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartyl-[protein] + NAD(+) = 4-O-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-aspartyl-[protein] + nicotinamide. [PMID:19764761, PMID:25043379, RHEA:54424]


Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamyl-[protein] + NAD(+) = 5-O-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-glutamyl-[protein] + nicotinamide. [PMID:19764761, PMID:25043379, RHEA:58224]


Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosyl-[protein] + NAD(+) = H(+) + nicotinamide + O-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-tyrosyl-[protein]. [PMID:29954836, PMID:30257210, RHEA:58236]


histone-arginine deiminase activity (H4-R3 specific)

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone 4 L-arginyl (position 3)= histone 4 L-citrullyl (position 3) + NH4+, resulting in histone H3 citrullination at position 3. [PMID:16567635]


histone-arginine deiminase activity (H1-R54 specific)

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone 1 L-arginyl (position 54)= histone 1 L-citrullyl (position 54) + NH4+, resulting in histone H1 citrullination at position 54. [PMID:24463520]


histone-arginine deiminase activity (H2A-R3 specific)

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone 2A L-arginyl (position 3)= histone 2A L-citrullyl (position 3) + NH4+, resulting in histone H2A citrullination at position 3. [PMID:15823041]


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: orotate(out) + anion (in) = orotate (in) + anion (out). [PMID:21350910, PMID:35144162]


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: urate(out) + anion (in) = urate (in) + anion (out). [PMID:12024214, PMID:18411268]


glycine betaine:sodium:chloride symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycine betaine(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out)= glycine betaine(in) + Na+(in) + Cl-(in). [PMID:10358010]


Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidyl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + Nt-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-histidyl-[protein] + nicotinamide. [PMID:35393539]


NAD+-histone-serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (H2B-S6 specific)

Catalysis of the transfer of ADP-ribose groups to the serine-6 or an equivalent residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2B. [PMID:34874266]


NAD+-histone-serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (H3-S10 specific)

Catalysis of the transfer of ADP-ribose groups to the serine-10 or an equivalent residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H3. [PMID:34874266]


mRNA 5'-triphosphate monophosphatase activity

A 5'-end triphospho-[mRNA] + H(2)O = a 5'-end diphospho-[mRNA] + H+ + phosphate. [PMID:9473487]


Enables the transfer of UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose from one side of a membrane to the other. [PMID:28373556]


The directed movement of substances from the cytosol into the Golgi apparatus of a cell. [PMID:28373556]


cytosol to Golgi apparatus UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose transport

UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose import into Golgi lumen

The directed movement of UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose from the cytosol to the Golgi apparatus of a cell. [PMID:28373556]


ADP-D-ribose modification-dependent protein binding

Binding to a protein upon ADP-ribosylation of the target protein. [PMID:26673700]


mono-ADP-D-ribose modification-dependent protein binding

Binding to a protein upon mono-ADP-ribosylation of the target protein. [PMID:34023495]


poly-ADP-D-ribose modification-dependent protein binding

Binding to a protein upon poly-ADP-ribosylation of the target protein. [PMID:26673700]


Ig-complexed antigen endocytosis via Fc receptor

antigen-antibody immune complex uptake via Fc receptor

Fc receptor-mediated immune complex endocytosis

An endocytosis process mediated by the Fc receptor for the purpose of delivery of antigen-bound immunoglobulin to an intracellular compartment where the antigen can be processed and loaded onto MHC molecules. This process selectively targets antigens for presentation by MHC class II or cross-presentation by MHC class I. [PMID:28389502, PMID:9143687, PMID:9463401]


The process in which glutathione is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix. [PMID:34707288]


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2E)-butenoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] = (2E)-2-butenoate + L-lysyl-[protein]. [PMID:28497810, PMID:30279482, PMID:34608293]


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2E)-butenoyl-L-lysyl-[histone] = (2E)-2-butenoate + L-lysyl-[histone]. [PMID:28497810]


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2-hydroxyisobutanoyl)-L-lysyl-[protein] = 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate + L-lysyl-[protein]. [PMID:29192674]


NAD-dependent protein decrotonylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2E)-butenoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 2''-O-(2E)-but-2-enoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide. [PMID:28497810]


NAD-dependent histone decrotonylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2E)-butenoyl-L-lysyl-[histone] + NAD+ = 2''-O-(2E)-but-2-enoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[histone] + nicotinamide. [PMID:28497810]


NAD-dependent protein de-2-hydroxyisobutyrylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2-hydroxyisobutanoyl)-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 2''-O-(2-hydroxyisobutanoyl)-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide. [PMID:31328167]


An extracellular vesicle that is approximately four microns in diameter, released by budding out of cells into the extracellular space, and hypothesized to be a mechanism for disposal of unwanted cellular material including protein aggregates and damaged organelles. [PMID:28178240, PMID:33016946, PMID:33027673, PMID:33659873, PMID:34288362, PMID:34475208]


Transient adhesive interactions between platelets and endothelial cells lining blood vessels. Carbohydrates on circulating platelets bind selectins or other molecules on the vessel wall causing the platelets to slow down and roll along the inner surface of the vessel wall. During this rolling motion, transitory bonds are formed and broken between surface molecules of platelets and endothelium. [GOC:sl, PMID:29018081]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of platelet rolling. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:sl]


Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of platelet rolling. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:sl]


Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of platelet rolling. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:sl, PMID:15738422]


Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ferroptosis. [PMID:32015325]


The controlled release of a substance by a cell or a tissue by discharging a portion of the secreting cell when intracellular components are freed into a lumen through the shedding of whole pieces of the cytoplasm. [PMID:25960390]


A reflex process that expels air forcibly from the mouth and nose in an explosive, spasmodic involuntary action resulting chiefly from irritation of the nasal mucous membrane. [https://www.thefreedictionary.com/sneeze, PMID:34133943]


The multiplication or reproduction of Leydig cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Leydig cells are interstitial cells located adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testis which produce testosterone. [PMID:29632025]


Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of pyroptosis. [PMID:34637033]


kidney cortex tubule cell dedifferentiation

The process in which a kidney cortex tubule cell (specialized epithelial cell of the kidney) loses the structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these cells can revert back to the features of the stem cells that were their ancestors. [PMID:18987110, PMID:31847447]


The directed movement of a xylitol across a membrane. Xylitol is a polyalcohol (pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol), produced by hydrogenation of xylose. [GOC:TermGenie, PMID:23475614]


The directed movement of L-arginine across a membrane. [GO_REF:0000069, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:18357653, PMID:22822152, PMID:8195186]


mRNA N1-methyladenosine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the oxidative demethylation of N1-methyladenosine RNA, with concomitant decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate and releases oxidized methyl group on N1-methyladenosine as formaldehyde. [PMID:26863196, PMID:26863410]


The appearance of oxytocin, a cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG, due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Oxytocin is the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary, and together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, is believed to influence social cognition and behavior. It also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain. [GOC:cjm, Wikipedia:Oxytocin]


patulin formation
patulin synthesis
patulin anabolism
patulin biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of patulin, an acetate-derived tetraketide mycotoxin produced by several fungal species that shows antimicrobial properties against several bacteria. [PMID:25120234, PMID:30680886]


Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphorylated histone + H2O = a protein + phosphate. [PMID:19351884]


The elimination of urate salt or uric acid from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine. [GOC:jl, PMID:25287933, PMID:3906799, Wikipedia:Renal_physiology#Secretion]


mRNA N(6)-methyladenosine dioxygenase activity

mRNA N6-methyladenosine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the oxidative demethylation of N6-methyladenosine RNA, with concomitant decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate and releases oxidized methyl group on N6-methyladenosine as formaldehyde. [PMID:22002720, PMID:26458103]