type IV site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA in a site specific manner. Cleavage is dependent on the presence of a specific recognition site in the DNA which must be modified (e.g. methylated, hydroxymethylated, glucosyl-hydroxymethylated). [PMID:12654995]


type IV restriction enzyme complex location

type IV site-specific deoxyribonuclease complex location

A complex consisting of two proteins which acts as an endonuclease in DNA sequences containing a specific modified recognition site. Modifications may include methylation, hydroxymethylation, and glucosyl-hydroxymethylation. [PMID:12654995]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids. [GOC:mah]


regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of deoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid. [GOC:mah]


regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks. [GOC:mah]


regulation of restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the catalysis of endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA in a site-specific manner, resulting in double-strand breaks. [GOC:mah]


down regulation of restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity

down-regulation of restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity

downregulation of restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity

negative regulation of restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of a restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the catalysis of endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA in a site-specific manner, resulting in double-strand breaks. [GOC:mah]


inhibition of restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity


downregulation of nuclease activity
down regulation of nuclease activity
down-regulation of nuclease activity

negative regulation of nuclease activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids. [GOC:mah]


up-regulation of nuclease activity
up regulation of nuclease activity
upregulation of nuclease activity

positive regulation of nuclease activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids. [GOC:mah]


down regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity

downregulation of deoxyribonuclease activity

down-regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity

negative regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of deoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid. [GOC:mah]


up-regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity

upregulation of deoxyribonuclease activity

up regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity

positive regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of deoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid. [GOC:mah]


downregulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity

down regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity

down-regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity

negative regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks. [GOC:mah]


upregulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity

up regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity

up-regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity

positive regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks. [GOC:mah]


negative regulation of type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity

down regulation of type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity

down-regulation of type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity

downregulation of type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity

negative regulation of type I site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb]


inhibition of type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity


type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease inhibitor


down-regulation of type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity

downregulation of type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity

down regulation of type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity

negative regulation of type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity

negative regulation of type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb]


inhibition of type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity


type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease inhibitor


downregulation of type III restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity

down-regulation of type III restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity

negative regulation of type III restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity

down regulation of type III restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity

negative regulation of type III site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of type III restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb]


inhibition of type III restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity


type III restriction endodeoxyribonuclease inhibitor


down regulation of type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity

down-regulation of type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity

downregulation of type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity

negative regulation of type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity

negative regulation of type IV site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb]


inhibition of type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity


type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease inhibitor


regulation of type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity

regulation of type I site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah]


type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease regulator


regulation of type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity

regulation of type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah]


type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease regulator


type III restriction endodeoxyribonuclease regulator


regulation of type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity

regulation of type IV site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity. [GOC:mah]


type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease regulator


inhibition of NF-kappaB transcription factor

negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. [GOC:dph, GOC:rl, GOC:tb]


Binding to a NACHT (NAIP, CIITA, HET-E and TP1) domain. The NACHT domain consists of seven distinct conserved motifs, including an ATP/GTPase specific P-loop, a Mg(2+)-binding site and five more specific motifs. [GOC:rl]


DAPIN domain binding
PAAD domain binding

Binding to a Pyrin (PAAD/DAPIN) domain, a protein-protein interaction domain that has the same fold as the Death domain. [GOC:rl]


down regulation of protein binding
down-regulation of protein binding
downregulation of protein binding

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding. [GOC:mah]


up regulation of protein binding
up-regulation of protein binding
upregulation of protein binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding. [GOC:mah]


Binding to a SAM (Sterile Alpha Motif) domain, which is a 70-amino acid protein sequence that participates in protein-protein, protein-lipid, and protein-RNA interactions and is conserved from lower to higher eukaryotes. [GOC:mcc, PMID:16337230]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a food stimulus; food is anything which, when taken into the body, serves to nourish or build up the tissues or to supply body heat. [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a food stimulus. [GOC:add]


down regulation of response to food
downregulation of response to food
down-regulation of response to food

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a food stimulus. [GOC:add]


upregulation of response to food
up regulation of response to food
up-regulation of response to food

Any process that activates, maintains, or increases the rate of a response to a food stimulus. [GOC:add]


negative regulation of hunger
down regulation of appetite
appetite suppression
down-regulation of appetite
negative regulation of appetite

Any process that reduces appetite. [GOC:add]


up-regulation of appetite
up regulation of appetite
upregulation of appetite

Any process that increases appetite. [GOC:add]


regulation of response to external stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus. [GOC:mah]


down regulation of response to external stimulus

downregulation of response to external stimulus

down-regulation of response to external stimulus

negative regulation of response to external stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus. [GOC:mah]


up regulation of response to external stimulus

upregulation of response to external stimulus

up-regulation of response to external stimulus

positive regulation of response to external stimulus

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to an external stimulus. [GOC:mah]


regulation of response to extracellular stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an extracellular stimulus. [GOC:mah]


downregulation of response to extracellular stimulus

down-regulation of response to extracellular stimulus

down regulation of response to extracellular stimulus

negative regulation of response to extracellular stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an extracellular stimulus. [GOC:mah]


upregulation of response to extracellular stimulus

up regulation of response to extracellular stimulus

up-regulation of response to extracellular stimulus

positive regulation of response to extracellular stimulus

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to an extracellular stimulus. [GOC:mah]


regulation of response to nutrient levels

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to nutrient levels. [GOC:mah]


down-regulation of response to nutrient levels

downregulation of response to nutrient levels

down regulation of response to nutrient levels

negative regulation of response to nutrient levels

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to nutrient levels. [GOC:mah]


upregulation of response to nutrient levels

up-regulation of response to nutrient levels

up regulation of response to nutrient levels

positive regulation of response to nutrient levels

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a response to nutrient levels. [GOC:mah]


regulation of protein histidine kinase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein histidine kinase activity. [GOC:mah]


activation of protein histidine kinase activity

Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive protein histidine kinase. [GOC:mah]


downregulation of protein histidine kinase activity

down regulation of protein histidine kinase activity

down-regulation of protein histidine kinase activity

negative regulation of protein histidine kinase activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein histidine kinase activity. [GOC:mah]


inhibition of protein histidine kinase activity


regulation of carbohydrate phosphatase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of carbohydrate phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphate from a carbohydrate phosphate. [GOC:mah]


regulation of glucose-6-phosphatase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose-6-phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucose + phosphate. [GOC:kp]


Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucitol + NADP(+) = L-sorbose + H(+) + NADPH. The reaction may occur, to a minor extent, in the reverse direction. [EC:1.1.1.289, RHEA:14609]


horsetail-astral microtubule organization and biogenesis

horsetail-astral microtubule array organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the horsetail-astral array, a structure of astral microtubules that emanates from the spindle pole body during meiosis. [GOC:mah]


The process of binding or confining zinc ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system. [GOC:mah]


ascospore-type prospore membrane assembly

ascospore-type prospore membrane formation

The process in which the nascent membrane forms at the meiotic outer plaque and grows until closure occurs and forespores, or prospores, are formed. [GOC:clt, PMID:27630265]


attachment of telomeres to spindle pole body


oral apparatus organization and biogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the oral apparatus. The oral apparatus is a funnel-like structure used by the cell to collect food and channel it to the cytostome, characteristic of ciliate protozoans. [PMID:10503189, PMID:6414830]


Inward projections of the cytoskeletal structures of the oral apparatus, which form a fiber that extends past the cytostome into the cytoplasm. [PMID:10503189]


macronuclear organization and biogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the macronucleus. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah, PMID:10503190]


micronuclear organization and biogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the micronucleus. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah, PMID:10503190]


A cell part that is composed of the eisosome membrane or MCC domain, a furrow-like plasma membrane sub-domain and associated integral transmembrane proteins, and the proteins (eisosome filaments) that form a scaffolding lattice on the cytoplasmic face. Eisosomes broadly affect overall plasma membrane organization. [GOC:al, GOC:vw, PMID:16496001, PMID:22368779]


The lipid bilayer surrounding a dense core granule. [GOC:mah]


histone deacetylase activity (H3-K9 specific)

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 9) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 9) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 9 of the histone H3 protein. [PMID:28450737]


Binding to an alkylated residue in DNA. [GOC:mah]


Binding to an O6-alkylguanine adduct in DNA. [GOC:mah, PMID:16679453]


chromosome passenger complex location
chromosomal passenger complex location
CPC
CPC complex location
chromosomal passenger complex
CPC complex

A eukaryotically conserved protein complex that localizes to kinetochores in early mitosis, the spindle mid-zone in anaphase B and to the telophase midbody. It has been proposed that the passenger complex coordinates various events based on its location to different structures during the course of mitosis. Complex members include the BIR-domain-containing protein Survivin, Aurora kinase, INCENP and Borealin. [GOC:vw, PMID:16824200, PMID:19570910]


Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing an insertion or a deletion. [GOC:vk]


A/C mispair binding
cytosine/adenine mispair binding
C/A mispair binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing an A/C mispair. [GOC:vk]


T/G mispair binding
thymine/guanine mispair binding
G/T mispair binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a G/T mispair. [GOC:vk]


single base insertion or deletion binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a single base insertion or deletion. [GOC:vk]


dinucleotide insertion or deletion binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a dinucleotide insertion or deletion. [GOC:vk]


Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a single adenine insertion or a deletion that results in an unpaired adenine. [GOC:mah, GOC:vk]


Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a single cytosine insertion or a deletion that results in an unpaired cytosine. [GOC:mah, GOC:vk]


Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a single guanine insertion or a deletion that results in an unpaired guanine. [GOC:mah, GOC:vk]


Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a single thymine insertion or a deletion that results in an unpaired thymine. [GOC:mah, GOC:vk]


4-aminobutyrate transaminase complex location

A homodimeric protein complex that possesses 4-aminobutyrate transaminase activity. [GOC:mah, PMID:15528998]


succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase binding

Binding to succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase. [GOC:mah]


Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive protein kinase. [GOC:mah]


Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme protein kinase B. [GOC:pg]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rhamnose stimulus. [GOC:mlg]


ubiquinone biosynthetic process from chorismate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, beginning with the conversion of chorismate to 4-hydroxybenzoate. [GOC:mah, PMID:11583838]


A heterooligomeric septin complex that acts during mitotic cell division. [GOC:krc, PMID:16009555]


A heterooligomeric septin complex that acts during meiotic cell division. [GOC:krc, PMID:16009555]


The eventual plane of cell division (also known as cell cleavage or cytokinesis) in a dividing cell. In Eukaryotes, the cleavage apparatus, composed of septin structures and the actomyosin contractile ring, forms along this plane, and the mitotic, or meiotic, spindle is aligned perpendicular to the division plane. In bacteria, the cell division site is generally located at mid-cell and is the site at which the cytoskeletal structure, the Z-ring, assembles. [GOC:bf, GOC:imk, GOC:krc, GOC:ns, PMID:12101122, PMID:15380095, PMID:16983191, PMID:18165305]


The cleavage furrow is a plasma membrane invagination at the cell division site. The cleavage furrow begins as a shallow groove and eventually deepens to divide the cytoplasm. [GOC:vw, ISBN:0805319409]


The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of septins and associated proteins. Includes septin cytoskeleton-associated complexes. [GOC:mah]


A contractile ring, i.e. a cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments and myosin, that forms beneath the plasma membrane of the prospore envelope in meiotic cells in preparation for completing cytokinesis. [GOC:krc, PMID:16009555]


A diffuse ring composed of a series of septin bars that run parallel to the long axis of the cell. This type of septin structure has been observed in a number of locations associated with polarized grown and/or deposition of new membrane, but not with cytokinesis, such as at the shmoo (mating projection) neck, at the junction between the mother cell and the germ tube (hypha) of a fungal cell growing filamentously. [GOC:krc, PMID:16151244]


A faint structure formed of septins found at the leading edge of growth in germ tubes and hyphae in fungal cells growing filamentously. This cap of septins colocalizes with a region of the plasma membrane that is rich in ergosterol. [GOC:krc, PMID:16151244]


Arrays of septin filaments, or bars, found in a series of filamentous structures. Such structures have been observed in the prospore membrane during spore formation in S. cerevisiae and in the chlamydospore membrane during chlamydospore formation in C. albicans. [GOC:krc, PMID:16151244]


Any of a series of structures composed of septins and septin-associated proteins localized to the cleavage plane which are involved in cytokinesis. [GOC:krc, PMID:12101122, PMID:15774761, PMID:16009555]


A septin band, i.e. a diffuse ring composed of a series of septin bars running parallel to the long axis of the cell, located at the neck of a shmoo (mating projection). [GOC:krc, GOC:mah, PMID:16151244]


A septin band, i.e. a diffuse ring composed of a series of septin bars running parallel to the long axis of the cell, located at the junction between the mother cell and the germ tube (hypha) of a fungal cell growing filamentously. [GOC:krc, GOC:mah, PMID:16151244]


A faint structure formed of septins found at the leading edge of growth in hyphae of fungal cells growing filamentously. This cap of septins colocalizes with a region of the plasma membrane that is rich in ergosterol. [GOC:krc, PMID:16151244]


Arrays of septin filaments, or bars, found in a series of filamentous structures; observed in the prospore membrane during spore formation. [GOC:krc, PMID:16151244]


Arrays of septin filaments, or bars, found in a series of filamentous structures. Observed in the chlamydospore membrane during chlamydospore formation. [GOC:krc, PMID:16151244]


A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane within hyphae of filamentous fungi at sites where a septum will form; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins. [GOC:krc, GOC:mah, PMID:16151244]


A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the site of cytokinesis in a prospore; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins. [GOC:krc, GOC:mah, PMID:16151244]


A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the junction between the mother cell and a pseudohyphal projection; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins. [GOC:krc, GOC:mah, PMID:16151244]


A faint structure formed of septins found at the leading edge of growth in germ tubes of fungal cells growing filamentously. This cap of septins colocalizes with a region of the plasma membrane that is rich in ergosterol. [GOC:krc, PMID:16151244]


A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane within the germ tube of filamentous fungi at sites where a septum will form; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins. [GOC:krc, PMID:16151244]


A tubular, hourglass-shaped structure composed of highly ordered arrays of septin filaments; in budding yeast cells, the septin collar forms from the initial septin ring by expanding into the daughter cell. [GOC:krc, PMID:16009555, PMID:16151244]


A septin ring, i.e. a ring-shaped structure composed of septins and septin-associated proteins, located at the neck of a shmoo (mating projection). The septin ring in the neck of a shmoo may act as a barrier to localize mating factors in the shmoo tip. [GOC:krc, GOC:mah, PMID:16151244]


A pair of rings that flank the site of cell division, formed by splitting of the septin ring (or collar) prior to cytokinesis; this double ring structure is thought to trap proteins needed for cytokinesis or the formation of the new membrane or cell wall between the two septin rings. Split septin rings are known to occur in budding yeast cells and probably occur in other cell types as well. [GOC:krc, PMID:16009555, PMID:16151244]


A sterol-rich region of the plasma membrane which forms at the cell surface overlying the contractile ring and spreads into the invaginating plasma membrane surrounding the septum. [PMID:15517003]


The slender tubular outgrowth first produced by most spores in germination. [ISBN:0877799148]


ubiquinone biosynthetic process from tyrosine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, beginning with the conversion of tyrosine to 4-hydroxybenzoate. [GOC:mah, PMID:11583838]


Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a dinucleotide repeat insertion or a deletion resulting in unpaired dinucleotide repeats. [GOC:mah, GOC:vk]


Binding to a small conjugating protein such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein. [GOC:mah]


Binding to the small ubiquitin-like protein SUMO. [GOC:mah]


Binding to a polymer of the small ubiquitin-like protein SUMO. [GOC:mah]


septin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising septin complexes and their associated proteins. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah]


Binding to acrosin, a protein that is found in the acrosomes of sperm and possesses protease and carbohydrate binding activities. [GOC:mah, PMID:12398221]


ubiquinone biosynthetic process via 2-polyprenylphenol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, via the intermediates 2-polyprenylphenol and 2-polyprenyl-6-hydroxyphenol. [GOC:mah, PMID:11583838]


ubiquinone biosynthetic process via 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, via the intermediates 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoate and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoate. [GOC:mah, PMID:11583838]


A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed late in the endocytic pathway when the pH in the vacuole becomes neutral prior to exocytosis. [GOC:pf, PMID:23494323, PMID:9276759, PMID:9394012]


Any process involved in the transposition of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs). [GOC:jp, ISBN:1555812090]


reverse transcription during retrotransposition

reverse transcription involved in RNA-mediated transposition

The synthesis of DNA from an RNA transposon intermediate. [GOC:jp, GOC:txnOH, ISBN:1555812090]


organization of chromosome, telomeric region

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of telomeres, terminal regions of a linear chromosome that include the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah]


telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication

The process in which telomeric DNA is synthesized semi-conservatively by the conventional replication machinery and telomeric accessory factors as part of cell cycle DNA replication. [GOC:BHF, GOC:BHF_telomere, GOC:rl, GOC:vw, PMID:16598261]


A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a telomere at a non-telomeric double-stranded DNA end. A telomere is a terminal region of a linear chromosome that includes telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins. [GOC:mah, GOC:ns, PMID:11902675, PMID:8622671]


A cellular process that results in the formation of a telomere at a non-telomeric double-stranded DNA end that involves the activity of a telomerase enzyme. [GOC:cjm, GOC:ns, PMID:11902675, PMID:8622671]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA. [GOC:mah]


downregulation of telomere maintenance
down regulation of telomere maintenance
down-regulation of telomere maintenance

negative regulation of telomere maintenance

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA. [GOC:mah]


upregulation of telomere maintenance
up regulation of telomere maintenance
up-regulation of telomere maintenance

positive regulation of telomere maintenance

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA. [GOC:mah]


regulation of telomere maintenance via recombination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a recombinational process involved in the maintenance of proper telomeric length. [GOC:mah]


down-regulation of telomere maintenance via recombination

downregulation of telomere maintenance via recombination

down regulation of telomere maintenance via recombination

negative regulation of telomere maintenance via recombination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a recombinational process involved in the maintenance of proper telomeric length. [GOC:mah]


up regulation of telomere maintenance via recombination

up-regulation of telomere maintenance via recombination

upregulation of telomere maintenance via recombination

positive regulation of telomere maintenance via recombination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a recombinational process involved in the maintenance of proper telomeric length. [GOC:mah]


regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase. [GOC:mah]


down regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase activity

downregulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase activity

down-regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase activity

negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase. [GOC:mah]


up-regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase activity

up regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase activity

upregulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase activity

positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase. [GOC:mah]


regulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the semi-conservative replication of telomeric DNA. [GOC:mah]


down regulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication

downregulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication

down-regulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication

negative regulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the semi-conservative replication of telomeric DNA. [GOC:mah]


up regulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication

upregulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication

up-regulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication

positive regulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the semi-conservative replication of telomeric DNA. [GOC:mah]


Catalysis of the reaction: glucosaminyl-phosphatidylinositol + fatty acyl-CoA = glucosaminyl-acyl-phasphotidylinositol + CoA. [Reactome:R-HSA-162683]


The directed movement of riboflavin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin, converted in the cell to FMN and FAD, cofactors required for the function of flavoproteins. [GOC:rn, PMID:16204239]


regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. [GOC:mah]


down-regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic

down regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic

downregulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic

negative regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. [GOC:mah]


up-regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic

up regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic

upregulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic

positive regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. [GOC:mah]


regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine. [GOC:mah]


up regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic

up-regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic

upregulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic

positive regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine. [GOC:mah]


down regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic

down-regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic

downregulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic

negative regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine. [GOC:mah]


regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). [GOC:mah]


down regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic

downregulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic

down-regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic

negative regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). [GOC:mah]


up regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic

up-regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic

upregulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic

positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). [GOC:mah]


regulation of actin filament bundle formation


activation of store-operated calcium channel activity

A process that initiates the activity of an inactive store-operated calcium channel. [GOC:mah]


The directed movement of adenosine, adenine riboside, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah]


down-regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport

downregulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport

down regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport

negative regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport

negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah]


positive regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah]


downregulation of nucleoside transport
down regulation of nucleoside transport
down-regulation of nucleoside transport

negative regulation of nucleoside transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah]


up-regulation of nucleoside transport
upregulation of nucleoside transport
up regulation of nucleoside transport

positive regulation of nucleoside transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah]


regulation of purine nucleoside transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a purine nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah]


regulation of pyrimidine nucleoside transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a pyrimidine nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah]


downregulation of purine nucleoside transport

down regulation of purine nucleoside transport

down-regulation of purine nucleoside transport

negative regulation of purine nucleoside transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a purine nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah]


upregulation of purine nucleoside transport

up-regulation of purine nucleoside transport

up regulation of purine nucleoside transport

positive regulation of purine nucleoside transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a purine nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of adenosine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah]


downregulation of adenosine transport
down-regulation of adenosine transport
down regulation of adenosine transport

negative regulation of adenosine transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of adenosine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah]


up regulation of adenosine transport
up-regulation of adenosine transport
upregulation of adenosine transport

positive regulation of adenosine transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of adenosine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah]


Any process in which a secretory granule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. [GOC:mah]


dense core vesicle localization
dense core granule localisation

Any process in which a dense core granule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. [GOC:mah]


establishment of secretory granule localisation

establishment of secretory granule localization

The directed movement of a secretory granule to a specific location. [GOC:mah]


maintenance of secretory granule localization


establishment of dense core granule localisation

establishment of dense core vesicle localization

establishment of dense core granule localization

The directed movement of a dense core granule to a specific location. [GOC:mah]


maintenance of dense core granule localization


cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting
cytoplasm to vacuole targeting


response to jasmonic acid stimulus during jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance


Any process which produces a purine nucleotide from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis. [GOC:jp]


Any process which produces a pyrimidine nucleotide from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis. [GOC:mah]


Any process which produces guanosine monophosphate from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis. [GOC:mah]


Any process which produces inosine monophosphate from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis. [GOC:mah]


Any process which produces xanthosine monophosphate from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis. [GOC:mah]


Binding to phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3' position. [GOC:bf, PMID:10209156, PMID:11395417, PMID:11557775]


regulation of cellular protein metabolism

regulation of cellular protein metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein, occurring at the level of an individual cell. [GOC:mah]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of creating protein polymers. [GOC:mah]


down regulation of protein polymerization

downregulation of protein polymerization

down-regulation of protein polymerization

negative regulation of protein polymerization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process of creating protein polymers. [GOC:mah]


up-regulation of protein polymerization
up regulation of protein polymerization
upregulation of protein polymerization

positive regulation of protein polymerization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of creating protein polymers. [GOC:mah]


The regulated release of a gonadotropin, any hormone that stimulates the gonads, especially follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0721662544]


The regulated release of luteinizing hormone, a gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary. [ISBN:0198506732]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin. [GOC:mah]


down-regulation of gonadotropin secretion

downregulation of gonadotropin secretion

down regulation of gonadotropin secretion

negative regulation of gonadotrophin secretion

negative regulation of gonadotropin secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin. [GOC:mah]


positive regulation of gonadotrophin secretion

positive regulation of gonadotropin secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin. [GOC:mah]


A synapse that lacks an electron dense postsynaptic specialization. In vertebtrates, these occur primarily on dendrite shafts and neuronal cell bodies and involve persynapses containing clusters of predominantly flattened or elongated vesicles and are typcially inhibitory. [GOC:dgh, GOC:ef]


AMPA-selective glutamate receptor complex location

AMPA glutamate receptor complex location

alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid selective glutamate receptor complex location

An assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex. The AMPA receptors mediate fast synaptic transmission in the CNS and are composed of subunits GluR1-4, products from separate genes. These subunits have an extracellular N-terminus and an intracellular C-terminus. [GOC:ef]


plastid acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex location

An acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex located in the stroma of a plastid. [GOC:mah]


plastid acetate CoA-transferase complex location

An acetate CoA-transferase complex located in the stroma of a plastid. [GOC:mah]


plastid biotin carboxylase complex location

A biotin carboxylase complex located in the stroma of a plastid. [GOC:mah]


The process in which a non-myelinating glial cell membrane closes around an axon. [GOC:dgh]


myelin maintenance in central nervous system

central nervous system myelin maintenance

The process in which the structure and material content of mature central nervous system myelin is kept in a functional state. [GOC:dgh]


myelin maintenance in peripheral nervous system

peripheral nervous system myelin maintenance

The process in which the structure and material content of mature peripheral nervous system myelin is kept in a functional state. [GOC:dgh]


myelin formation in central nervous system

The process in which the wraps of cell membrane that constitute myelin are laid down around an axon by an oligodendrocyte in the central nervous system. [GOC:dgh]


myelin formation in peripheral nervous system

peripheral nervous system myelin formation

The process in which the wraps of cell membrane that constitute myelin are laid down around an axon by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. [GOC:dgh]


ensheathment of axons in central nervous system

axon ensheathment in central nervous system

The process in which a glial cell membrane closes around an axon in the central nervous system. This can be a myelinating or a non-myelinating neuron-glial interaction. [GOC:dgh]


ensheathment of axons in peripheral nervous system

peripheral nervous system axon ensheathment

The process in which a Schwann cell membrane closes around an axon in the peripheral nervous system. This can be a myelinating or a non-myelinating neuron-glial interaction. [GOC:dgh]


ensheathment of non-myelinated axons in central nervous system

non-myelinated axon ensheathment in central nervous system

The process in which a non-myelinating glial cell membrane encircles an axon in the central nervous system. [GOC:dgh]


ensheathment of non-myelinated axons in peripheral nervous system

peripheral nervous system non-myelinated axon ensheathment

The process in which a non-myelinating Schwann cell membrane encircles an axon in the peripheral nervous system. A single non-myelinating Schwann cell will typically associate with multiple axons. [GOC:dgh]


The process in which satellite glial cells isolate neuronal cell bodies. [GOC:dgh]


double-stranded RNA-specific RNase activity

double-stranded RNA-specific ribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in double-stranded RNA molecules. [GOC:mah]


down-regulation of DNA replication initiation

down regulation of DNA replication initiation

downregulation of DNA replication initiation

negative regulation of DNA-dependent DNA replication initiation

negative regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication initiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of DNA-dependent DNA replication. [GOC:mah]


up-regulation of DNA replication initiation

positive regulation of DNA-dependent DNA replication initiation

up regulation of DNA replication initiation

upregulation of DNA replication initiation

positive regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication initiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of DNA-dependent DNA replication. [GOC:mah]


RNase H2 complex
ribonuclease H2 complex location
RNase H2 complex location

A protein complex that possesses ribonuclease H activity, in which the catalytic subunit is a member of the RNase H2 (or HII) class. For example, in Saccharomyces the complex contains Rnh201p, Rnh202p and Rnh203p. [GOC:mah, PMID:14734815]


Any complex formed of proteins that act in mismatch repair. [GOC:mah]


MSH2/MSH6 complex location
MSH2/MSH6 complex
MutSalpha complex location

A heterodimer involved in the recognition and repair of base-base and small insertion/deletion mismatches. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MSH2 and MSH6. [PMID:11005803]


MSH2/MSH3 complex
MutSbeta complex location
MSH2/MSH3 complex location

A heterodimer involved in binding to and correcting insertion/deletion mutations. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MSH2 and MSH3. [PMID:11005803]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of an icosanoid from a cell. [GOC:mah]


negative regulation of eicosanoid secretion

negative regulation of icosanoid secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of an icosanoid from a cell. [GOC:mah]


positive regulation of eicosanoid secretion

positive regulation of icosanoid secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of an icosanoid from a cell. [GOC:mah]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell. [GOC:mah]


down regulation of prostaglandin secretion

down-regulation of prostaglandin secretion

downregulation of prostaglandin secretion

negative regulation of prostaglandin secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell. [GOC:mah]


negative regulation of prostacyclin secretion


up-regulation of prostaglandin secretion

up regulation of prostaglandin secretion

positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell. [GOC:mah]


positive regulation of prostacyclin secretion


The controlled release of icosanoids, any of a group of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids from a cell or a tissue. [GOC:mah]


The regulated release of a prostaglandin, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring, from a cell or a tissue. [GOC:mah]


angiogenin-placental ribonuclease inhibitor complex location

A stable heterodimer of angiogenin and placental ribonuclease inhibitor; interaction between angiogenin and PRI prevents angiogenin binding to its receptor to stimulate angiogenesis. [PMID:2706246, PMID:3470787]


upregulation of Ras GTPase activity
up-regulation of Ras GTPase activity
up regulation of Ras GTPase activity

positive regulation of Ras GTPase activity


up-regulation of Rho GTPase activity
upregulation of Rho GTPase activity
up regulation of Rho GTPase activity

positive regulation of Rho GTPase activity


ubiquinone breakdown
ubiquinone catabolism
ubiquinone degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme. [GOC:mah]


lipoic acid breakdown
lipoic acid degradation
lipoic acid catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipoate. [GOC:mah]


molybdopterin cofactor anabolism
molybdopterin cofactor synthesis

molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands. [GOC:mah]


molybdopterin cofactor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands. [GOC:mah]


Mo-molybdopterin cofactor catabolism
Mo-molybdopterin cofactor breakdown
Mo-molybdopterin cofactor degradation

Mo-molybdopterin cofactor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the Mo-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo) ion coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands. [GOC:mah]


W-molybdopterin cofactor breakdown
W-molybdopterin cofactor degradation
W-molybdopterin cofactor catabolism

W-molybdopterin cofactor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the W-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear tungsten ion (W) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands. [GOC:mah]


The directed movement of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah]


The directed movement of L-serine, 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah]


regulation of chondrocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation. [GOC:mah]


down-regulation of chondrocyte differentiation

down regulation of chondrocyte differentiation

downregulation of chondrocyte differentiation

negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation. [GOC:mah]


up regulation of chondrocyte differentiation

up-regulation of chondrocyte differentiation

upregulation of chondrocyte differentiation

positive regulation of chondrocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation. [GOC:mah]


The regulated release of activin, a nonsteroidal regulator composed of two covalently linked beta subunits, which is synthesized in the pituitary gland and gonads and stimulates the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone. [GOC:mah]


The regulated release of an inhibin, either of two glycoproteins (designated A and B), secreted by the gonads and present in seminal plasma and follicular fluid, that inhibit pituitary production of follicle-stimulating hormone. [GOC:mah]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of activin from a cell. [GOC:mah]


down-regulation of activin secretion
downregulation of activin secretion
down regulation of activin secretion

negative regulation of activin secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of activin from a cell. [GOC:mah]


up regulation of activin secretion
up-regulation of activin secretion
upregulation of activin secretion

positive regulation of activin secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of activin from a cell. [GOC:mah]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of inhibin from a cell. [GOC:mah]


down-regulation of inhibin secretion
down regulation of inhibin secretion
downregulation of inhibin secretion

negative regulation of inhibin secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of inhibin from a cell. [GOC:mah]


upregulation of inhibin secretion
up-regulation of inhibin secretion
up regulation of inhibin secretion

positive regulation of inhibin secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of inhibin from a cell. [GOC:mah]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldosterone, a corticosteroid hormone that is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and regulates salt (sodium and potassium) and water balance. [PMID:16527843]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldosterone, a corticosteroid hormone that is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and regulates salt (sodium and potassium) and water balance. [PMID:16527843]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aldosterone, a corticosteroid hormone that is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and regulates salt (sodium and potassium) and water balance. [PMID:16527843]


regulation of aldosterone metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving aldosterone. [GOC:mah]


downregulation of aldosterone metabolic process

down regulation of aldosterone metabolic process

down-regulation of aldosterone metabolic process

negative regulation of aldosterone metabolism

negative regulation of aldosterone metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving aldosterone. [GOC:mah]


upregulation of aldosterone metabolic process

positive regulation of aldosterone metabolism

up-regulation of aldosterone metabolic process

up regulation of aldosterone metabolic process

positive regulation of aldosterone metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving aldosterone. [GOC:mah]


regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldosterone. [GOC:mah]


down regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process

downregulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process

down-regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process

negative regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldosterone. [GOC:mah]


up-regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process

upregulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process

up regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process

positive regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldosterone. [GOC:mah]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone. [GOC:mah]


negative regulation of hormone metabolism

down-regulation of hormone metabolic process

down regulation of hormone metabolic process

downregulation of hormone metabolic process

negative regulation of hormone metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone. [GOC:mah]


upregulation of hormone metabolic process

up-regulation of hormone metabolic process

up regulation of hormone metabolic process

positive regulation of hormone metabolism

positive regulation of hormone metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone. [GOC:mah]


downregulation of hormone biosynthetic process

down-regulation of hormone biosynthetic process

down regulation of hormone biosynthetic process

negative regulation of hormone biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hormones. [GOC:ai]


response to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus

response to follicle stimulating hormone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus. [GOC:mah]


response to E2 stimulus
response to estradiol stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0911910123]


Binding to a DNA region containing an oxidized residue. [GOC:vk]


oxidized purine nucleobase DNA binding
oxidized purine base DNA binding
oxidised purine DNA binding

Binding to a DNA region containing an oxidized purine residue. [GOC:vk]


oxidized pyrimidine nucleobase DNA binding

Binding to a DNA region containing an oxidized pyrimidine residue. [GOC:vk]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, the active form of vitamin B6. [GOC:mah]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of FMN, riboflavin 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate), a coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH dehydrogenase. [GOC:mah]


A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of oxygen within an organism or cell. [GOC:rph]


The directed movement of lipids within cells. [GOC:mah]


The directed movement of sterols within cells. [GOC:mah]


The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, within cells. [GOC:mah]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah]


downregulation of lipid transport
down regulation of lipid transport
down-regulation of lipid transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah]


up regulation of lipid transport
upregulation of lipid transport
up-regulation of lipid transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah]


down-regulation of sterol transport
down regulation of sterol transport
downregulation of sterol transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah]


upregulation of sterol transport
up regulation of sterol transport
up-regulation of sterol transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah]


down-regulation of cholesterol transport

down regulation of cholesterol transport

negative regulation of cholesterol transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah]


up regulation of cholesterol transport
upregulation of cholesterol transport
up-regulation of cholesterol transport

positive regulation of cholesterol transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah]


regulation of intracellular lipid transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids within cells. [GOC:mah]


downregulation of intracellular lipid transport

down-regulation of intracellular lipid transport

down regulation of intracellular lipid transport

negative regulation of intracellular lipid transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids within cells. [GOC:mah]


upregulation of intracellular lipid transport

up-regulation of intracellular lipid transport

up regulation of intracellular lipid transport

positive regulation of intracellular lipid transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids within cells. [GOC:mah]


regulation of intracellular sterol transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols within cells. [GOC:mah]


down-regulation of intracellular sterol transport

down regulation of intracellular sterol transport

downregulation of intracellular sterol transport

negative regulation of intracellular sterol transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols within cells. [GOC:mah]


up-regulation of intracellular sterol transport

up regulation of intracellular sterol transport

upregulation of intracellular sterol transport

positive regulation of intracellular sterol transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols within cells. [GOC:mah]


regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol within cells. [GOC:mah]


down-regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport

downregulation of intracellular cholesterol transport

down regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport

negative regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol within cells. [GOC:mah]


upregulation of intracellular cholesterol transport

up-regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport

up regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport

positive regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol within cells. [GOC:mah]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. [GOC:mah]


down regulation of intracellular transport

downregulation of intracellular transport

down-regulation of intracellular transport

negative regulation of intracellular transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. [GOC:mah]


up regulation of intracellular transport

up-regulation of intracellular transport

positive regulation of intracellular transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. [GOC:mah]


MutL-alpha complex
MutL-alpha complex location
MutLalpha complex location
MLH1/PMS2 complex
MLH1/PMS2 complex location

A heterodimer involved in the recognition of base-base and small insertion/deletion mismatches. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MLH1 and PMS2. [GOC:vk]


MutLbeta complex location
MLH1/PMS1 complex location
MLH1/PMS1 complex

A heterodimer involved in the recognition of base-base and small insertion/deletion mismatches. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MLH1 and PMS1. [GOC:vk]


The portion of the photoreceptor cell cilium linking the photoreceptor inner and outer segments. It's considered to be equivalent to the ciliary transition zone. [GOC:cilia, PMID:15917207, PMID:22653444, PMID:8718680]


A specialised 9+0 non-motile cilium found in photoreceptor cells. A ciliary transition zone called 'photoreceptor connecting cilium' links the photoreceptor outer segment to the inner segment. [GOC:cilia, Wikipedia:Photoreceptor_cell#Histology]


The process in which a transformation is induced in the geometry of a DNA double helix, resulting in a change in twist, writhe, or both, but with no change in linking number. Includes the unwinding of double-stranded DNA by helicases. [GOC:mah]


Combining with an MHC class I protein complex to initiate a change in cellular activity. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


Combining with an MHC class Ib protein complex and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 or HLA-E gene families. [GOC:add, GOC:signaling, ISBN:0781735149]


Combining with an MHC class II protein complex and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. [GOC:add, GOC:signaling, ISBN:0781735149]


inhibitory MHC class I receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class I protein complex to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte. [GOC:add, PMID:11858820, PMID:9368779, PMID:9597134]


activating MHC class I receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class I protein complex to mediate signaling that activates a lymphocyte. [GOC:add, PMID:11858820, PMID:9597134]


A transmembrane protein complex composed of a MHC class Ib alpha chain and, in most cases, an invariant beta2-microglobin chain, and with or without a bound peptide or lipid antigen. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 or HLA-E gene families. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15928678]


Binding to a HECT, 'Homologous to the E6-AP Carboxy-Terminus', domain of a protein. [GOC:mah, Pfam:PF00632]


Any process in which a melanosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. [GOC:ln]


establishment of melanosome localisation

establishment of melanosome localization

The directed movement of a melanosome to a specific location. [GOC:mah]


The directed movement of melanosomes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ln]


Binding to a macromolecular complex. [GOC:jl]


Binding to a mismatch repair complex. [GOC:vk]


Binding to a MutLalpha mismatch repair complex. [GOC:vk]


Binding to a MutLbeta mismatch repair complex. [GOC:vk]


Binding to a MutSalpha mismatch repair complex. [GOC:vk]


Binding to a MutSbeta mismatch repair complex. [GOC:vk]


Any process that modulates the activity of a transporter. [GOC:mah]


down regulation of transporter activity
down-regulation of transporter activity
downregulation of transporter activity

negative regulation of transporter activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a transporter. [GOC:mah]


up-regulation of transporter activity
up regulation of transporter activity
upregulation of transporter activity

positive regulation of transporter activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a transporter. [GOC:mah]


regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that modulates the activity of an ion transporter. [GOC:mah, GOC:tb]


downregulation of ion transporter activity

down-regulation of ion transporter activity

down regulation of ion transporter activity

negative regulation of ion transporter activity

negative regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an ion transporter. [GOC:mah, GOC:tb]


up-regulation of ion transporter activity

upregulation of ion transporter activity

up regulation of ion transporter activity

positive regulation of ion transporter activity

positive regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of an ion transporter. [GOC:mah, GOC:tb]


regulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity

regulation of sodium:proton antiporter activity

Any process that modulates the activity of a sodium:hydrogen antiporter, which catalyzes the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out). [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_transport]


down regulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity

down-regulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity

downregulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity

negative regulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity

negative regulation of sodium:proton antiporter activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a sodium:hydrogen antiporter, which catalyzes the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out). [GOC:mah]


up regulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity

upregulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity

up-regulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity

positive regulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity

positive regulation of sodium:proton antiporter activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a sodium:hydrogen antiporter, which catalyzes the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out). [GOC:mah]


Any process in which a lysosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. [GOC:mah]


extrinsic to lysosomal membrane
extrinsic to lysosome membrane

extrinsic component of lysosome membrane

The component of an lysosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


A bundle of cross-linked stereocilia, arranged around a kinocilium on the apical surface of a sensory hair cell (e.g. a neuromast, auditory or vestibular hair cell). Stereocilium bundles act as mechanosensory organelles by responding to fluid motion or fluid pressure changes. [GOC:ecd, PMID:15661519, PMID:7840137]


purine-rich negative regulatory element binding

Binding to a 30-bp purine-rich negative regulatory element; the best characterized such element is found in the first intronic region of the rat cardiac alpha-myosin heavy chain gene, and contains two palindromic high-affinity Ets-binding sites (CTTCCCTGGAAG). The presence of this element restricts expression of the gene containing it to cardiac myocytes. [GOC:mah, PMID:9819411]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mismatch repair. [GOC:vk]


down regulation of mismatch repair
downregulation of mismatch repair
down-regulation of mismatch repair

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mismatch repair. [GOC:vk]


up-regulation of mismatch repair
up regulation of mismatch repair
upregulation of mismatch repair

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mismatch repair. [GOC:vk]


A distinct compartment at the tip of a stereocilium, distal to the site of attachment to the apical cell surface. It consists of a dense matrix bridging the barbed ends of the stereocilium actin filaments with the overlying plasma membrane, is dynamic compared to the shaft, and is required for stereocilium elongation. [GOC:ecd, GOC:krc, PMID:17021180, PMID:27565685]


Cdc42/Rac interactive binding motif binding

Binding to a GTPase protein binding domain (GDB) domain. The GBD is a short motif, including a minimum region of 16 amino acids, identified in proteins that bind to small GTPases such as Cdc42 and Rac. [GOC:mah, GOC:pg, PMID:9119069]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues in N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminides. [EC:3.2.1.53]


Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme phospholipase A2. [GOC:mah]


upregulation of phospholipase A2 activity

up regulation of phospholipase A2 activity

up-regulation of phospholipase A2 activity

positive regulation of phospholipase A2 activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme phospholipase A2. [GOC:mah]


An assembly of actin filaments that are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness. [GOC:mah]


The end of a filopodium distal to the body of the cell. [GOC:mah]


regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome. [GOC:mah]


down-regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

downregulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

down regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

negative regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome. [GOC:mah]


up-regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

upregulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

up regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome. [GOC:mah]


A dense network of actin filaments found beneath the apical cell surface of hair cells, and into which stereocilia are inserted. [PMID:12485990, PMID:2592408, PMID:8071151]


melanosome organisation
melanosome organization and biogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a melanosome. A melanosome is a tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored. [GOC:vk]


Catalysis of the reaction: pheophorbide a + reduced ferredoxin + 2 O2 = red chlorophyll catabolite + oxidized ferredoxin + H2O. [PMID:14657372]


phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase activity

Catalysis of the NADPH-dependent 7-O-4' reduction of phenylcoumaran lignans to the corresponding diphenols; for example, catalysis of the reaction: dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol + NADPH + H+ = isodihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol + NADP+. [PMID:11030549, PMID:13129921]


regulation of ergosterol biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol. [GOC:mah]


activin responsive factor complex location

A transcriptionally active complex that binds to an activin response element (ARE) in the promoter of target genes, and is composed of two SMAD2 proteins, one SMAD4 protein and a Forkhead activin signal transducer (FAST) transcription factor. [PMID:12374795, PMID:9288972]


protein modification by small protein conjugation

A protein modification process in which one or more groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are covalently attached to a target protein. [GOC:mah]


Covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein URM1 to another protein. [GOC:vw]


Binding to a DNA region containing a hairpin. A hairpin structure forms when a DNA strand folds back on itself and intrachain base pairing occurs between inverted repeat sequences. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


CARMA1-BCL10-Malt1 complex location
CARMA1-BCL10-Malt1 complex
CBM complex location

A protein complex comprising Bcl10, MALT1 and a CARD domain-containing protein (CARD9, CARD10 or CARD11); plays a role in signal transduction during NF-kappaB activation. [PMID:12909454, PMID:30467369]


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-maltose + H2O = 2 alpha-D-glucose. [MetaCyc:RXN-2141]


Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a substrate. [GOC:mah]


Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a histone. [GOC:mah]


histone demethylase activity (H3-K4 specific)

histone H3-methyl-lysine-4 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a modified lysine residue at position 4 of the histone H3 protein. [GOC:mah]


histone demethylase activity (H3-K9 specific)

histone H3-methyl-lysine-9 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a modified lysine residue at position 9 of the histone H3 protein. [PMID:16362057]


beta-nerve growth factor processing
NGF processing

The generation of a mature nerve growth factor (NGF) by proteolysis of a precursor. [GOC:mah, PMID:8615794]


retrograde transport, endosome to plasma membrane

The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from endosomes back to the plasma membrane, a trafficking pathway that promotes the recycling of internalized transmembrane proteins. [PMID:16473635, PMID:23563491]


retrograde transport of endocytic vesicles


The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from peripheral endocytic compartments back to the plasma membrane where they are recycled for further rounds of transport. [GOC:ecd, PMID:16473635]


The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from deep (non-peripheral) compartments endocytic compartments back to the plasma membrane where they are recycled for further rounds of transport. [GOC:ecd, PMID:16473635]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein oligomerization. [GOC:mah]


downregulation of protein oligomerization

down-regulation of protein oligomerization

down regulation of protein oligomerization

negative regulation of protein oligomerization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein oligomerization. [GOC:mah]


up regulation of protein oligomerization

up-regulation of protein oligomerization

positive regulation of protein oligomerization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein oligomerization. [GOC:mah]


regulation of protein homooligomerization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein homooligomerization. [GOC:mah]


down-regulation of protein homooligomerization

down regulation of protein homooligomerization

downregulation of protein homooligomerization

negative regulation of protein homooligomerization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein homooligomerization. [GOC:mah]


up-regulation of protein homooligomerization

up regulation of protein homooligomerization

upregulation of protein homooligomerization

positive regulation of protein homooligomerization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein homooligomerization. [GOC:mah]


induction of protein homooligomerization


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell and its separation into two daughter cells. [GOC:mah]


negative regulation of cell cycle cytokinesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell, and its separation into two daughter cells. [GOC:mah]


up regulation of cytokinesis
up-regulation of cytokinesis
upregulation of cytokinesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell, and its separation into two daughter cells. [GOC:mah]


Golgi calcium ion concentration regulation

regulation of calcium ion concentration in Golgi

regulation of Golgi calcium ion concentration

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the Golgi apparatus of a cell or between the Golgi and its surroundings. [GOC:mah]


regulation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration

regulation of calcium ion concentration in endoplasmic reticulum

calcium ion homeostasis in endoplasmic reticulum

regulation of ER calcium ion concentration

regulation of calcium ion concentration in ER

endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration regulation

endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings. [GOC:mah]


elevation of ER calcium ion concentration

elevation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration

endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration elevation

elevation of calcium ion concentration in endoplasmic reticulum

positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration

Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the endoplasmic reticulum. [GOC:mah]


reduction of ER calcium ion concentration

reduction of calcium ion concentration in ER

reduction of calcium ion concentration in endoplasmic reticulum

reduction of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration

endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration reduction

negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration

Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the endoplasmic reticulum. [GOC:mah]


The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into, out of or within the Golgi apparatus. [GOC:mah]


external leaflet of mitochondrial outer membrane

external side of mitochondrial outer membrane

cytosolic side of mitochondrial outer membrane

cytoplasmic side of mitochondrial outer membrane

The external (cytoplasmic) face of the mitochondrial outer membrane. [GOC:mah]


The process in which the anatomical structures of an otolith are generated and organized. [GOC:dgh]


The process that gives rise to an otolith. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. [GOC:dgh]


decaprenyl diphosphate synthase complex location

A complex that possesses di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase activity; involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis. [GOC:mah, PMID:14519123]


homodimeric decaprenyl diphosphate synthase complex location

A homodimeric complex that possesses di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase activity; involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis. [PMID:14519123]


heterotetrameric decaprenyl diphosphate synthase complex location

A heterotetrameric complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that possesses di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase activity; involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis. In S. pombe it is a heterotetramer of Dlp1 and Dps1. [PMID:14519123]


regulation of type I interferon production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon type I production. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families. [GOC:add, GOC:mah]


negative regulation of type I IFN production

down-regulation of type I interferon production

down regulation of type I interferon production

downregulation of type I interferon production

negative regulation of type I interferon production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of type I interferon production. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families. [GOC:add, GOC:mah]


up-regulation of type I interferon production

up regulation of type I interferon production

upregulation of type I interferon production

positive regulation of type I IFN production

positive regulation of type I interferon production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of type I interferon production. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families. [GOC:add, GOC:mah]


The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rab family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state. [GOC:mah]


regulation of Rab protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rab protein signal transduction. [GOC:mah]


The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Ral family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state. [GOC:mah]


regulation of Ral protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Ral protein signal transduction. [GOC:mah]


The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rap family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state. [GOC:mah]


regulation of Rap protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rap protein signal transduction. [GOC:mah]


The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by the Cdc42 protein switching to a GTP-bound active state. [GOC:mah, PMID:18558478]


regulation of Cdc42 protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Cdc42 protein signal transduction. [GOC:mah]


detection of bacterium associated molecule

detection of bacterial associated molecule

detection of bacteria associated molecule

detection of molecule of bacterial origin

The series of events in which a stimulus from a molecule of bacterial origin is received and converted into a molecular signal. [GOC:add, GOC:rl]


detection of fungal associated molecule
detection of fungus associated molecule

The series of events in which a stimulus from a molecule of fungal origin is received and converted into a molecular signal. [GOC:mah, GOC:rl]


detection of oomycetes associated molecule

detection of molecule of oomycetes origin

The series of events in which a stimulus from a molecule of oomycetes origin is received and converted into a molecular signal. [GOC:mah, GOC:rl]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacterial lipoprotein stimulus. [GOC:add, PMID:12077222]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptidoglycan stimulus. Peptidoglycan is a bacterial cell wall macromolecule. [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muramyl dipeptide stimulus. Muramyl dipeptide is derived from peptidoglycan. [GOC:add]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464]


The series of events in which a lipopolysaccharide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. [GOC:add, PMID:15998797]


The series of events in which a muramyl dipeptide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Muramyl dipeptide is derived from peptidoglycan. [GOC:rl, PMID:15998797]


The series of events in which a peptidoglycan stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Peptidoglycan is a bacterial cell wall macromolecule. [GOC:add, ISBN:0721601464]


Interacting selectively and non-covalently, in a non-covalent manner, with muramyl dipeptide; muramyl dipeptide is derived from peptidoglycan. [GOC:rl]


The biological process in which new individuals are produced by one or two multicellular organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents. [GOC:isa_complete, GOC:jid]


reproduction of a single-celled organism

The biological process in which new individuals are produced by one or two single-celled organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents. [GOC:isa_complete]


A cellular process that is involved in cytokinesis (the division of the cytoplasm of a cell and its separation into two daughter cells). [GOC:bf, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mah]


The process in which interchain hydrogen bonds between two strands of DNA are broken or 'melted', generating a region of unpaired single strands. [GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mah]


hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific gene product 24 production

connective tissue growth factor production

The appearance of connective tissue growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:mah]


chemokine biosynthesis
chemokine synthesis
chemokine formation
chemokine anabolism

The appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. All chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria. [GOC:BHF, GOC:rl, ISBN:0198506732, PMID:12183377, Wikipedia:Chemokine]


CX3CL1 production
ABCD-3 production
neurotactin production

The appearance of fractalkine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:mah, PMID:12729461]


granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor production

granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production

The appearance of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


HGF production
scatter factor production

The appearance of hepatocyte growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:mah, PMID:1838014]


type I IFN production
interferon type I production

The appearance of type I interferon due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families. [GOC:add, ISBN:0126896631, PMID:15546383, PMID:16681834]


The appearance of interferon-alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:mah, PMID:15546383]


The appearance of interferon-beta due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:mah, PMID:15546383]


type II IFN production
type II interferon production
IFNG production

The appearance of interferon-gamma due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon. [GOC:add, GOC:mah, PMID:15546383]


The appearance of interleukin-1 alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:mah]


The appearance of interleukin-1 beta due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:mah]


The appearance of interleukin-1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:mah]


The appearance of interleukin-10 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:mah]


The appearance of interleukin-11 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:mah]


The appearance of interleukin-12 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:mah]


The appearance of interleukin-13 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:mah]


The appearance of interleukin-15 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:mah]


pro-interleukin-16 production
IL-16 production

The appearance of interleukin-16 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:mah]