The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving a 2'-deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a 2'-deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. [GOC:mah]


deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolism

purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving dADP, deoxyadenosine diphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate). [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate, (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate). [GOC:go_curators]


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolism

pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine deoxynucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving dCDP, deoxycytidine 5'-diphosphate. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving dTDP, deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving dUDP, deoxyuridine (5'-)diphosphate. [GOC:go_curators]


deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate metabolism

purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving dAMP, deoxyadenosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate). [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving dGMP, deoxyguanosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate). [GOC:go_curators]


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate metabolism

pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine deoxynucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving dCMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine 5'-phosphate). [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving dUMP, deoxyuridine (5'-)monophosphate (2'-deoxyuridine 5'-phosphate). [GOC:go_curators]


deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolism

purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate). [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving dGTP, guanosine triphosphate. [GOC:go_curators]


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolism

pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving dCTP, deoxycytidine triphosphate. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving dTTP, deoxyribosylthymine triphosphate. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving dUTP, deoxyuridine (5'-)triphosphate. [GOC:go_curators]


purine deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine deoxynucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


purine nucleoside diphosphate metabolism

purine nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


purine ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolism

purine ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP, guanosine 5'-diphosphate. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving IDP, inosine 5'-diphosphate. [GOC:ai]


pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate metabolism

pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolism

pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving CDP, cytidine (5'-)diphosphate. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving TDP, ribosylthymine diphosphate. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP, uridine (5'-)diphosphate. [GOC:go_curators]


ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


purine nucleoside monophosphate metabolism

purine nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


purine ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolism

purine ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving AMP, adenosine monophosphate. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving GMP, guanosine monophosphate. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving IMP, inosine monophosphate. [GOC:go_curators]


pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate metabolism

pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolism

pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving CMP, cytidine monophosphate. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving TMP, ribosylthymine monophosphate. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving UMP, uridine monophosphate. [GOC:go_curators]


ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


purine nucleoside triphosphate metabolism

purine nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolism

purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving GTP, guanosine triphosphate. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving ITP, inosine triphosphate. [GOC:go_curators]


pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate metabolism

pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolism

pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving CTP, cytidine triphosphate. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving TTP, ribosylthymine triphosphate. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving UTP, uridine (5'-)triphosphate. [GOC:go_curators]


ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


The process of introducing a phosphate group into a nucleoside diphosphate to produce a nucleoside triphosphate. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


pyrimidine ribonucleotide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


regulation of nucleotide metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides. [GOC:go_curators]


downregulation of nucleotide metabolic process

down regulation of nucleotide metabolic process

down-regulation of nucleotide metabolic process

negative regulation of nucleotide metabolism

negative regulation of nucleotide metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides. [GOC:go_curators]


upregulation of nucleotide metabolic process

up-regulation of nucleotide metabolic process

up regulation of nucleotide metabolic process

positive regulation of nucleotide metabolism

positive regulation of nucleotide metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide-carbohydrate in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative. [ISBN:0198506732]


regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism

regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process

Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. [GOC:go_curators]


down-regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process

negative regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism

down regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process

downregulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process

negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process

Any cellular process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. [GOC:go_curators]


upregulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process

positive regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism

up regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process

up-regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process

positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process

Any cellular process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. [GOC:go_curators]


establishment and maintenance of RNA localization

A process in which RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. [GOC:ai]


mitochondrial import of cytoplasmic tRNA

cytoplasmic tRNA import into mitochondrion

cytoplasmic tRNA transport into mitochondrion

cytoplasmic tRNA import into mitochondria

The process in which a tRNA is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix. [GOC:ma, PMID:10988073, PMID:11121736]


establishment and maintenance of mitochondrial RNA localization

Any process in which mitochondrial RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. [GOC:ai]


mitochondrial rRNA export from mitochondria

mitochondrial rRNA transport from mitochondrion

mitochondrial rRNA export out of mitochondrion

mitochondrial rRNA, mitochondrial export

mitochondrial rRNA export from mitochondrion

The process in which a rRNA, ribosomal ribonucleic acid, is transported from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol. [GOC:ai, PMID:28115039]


mitochondrial lrRNA, mitochondrial export

mitochondrial lrRNA export from mitochondria

mitochondrial lrRNA transport from mitochondrion

mitochondrial lrRNA export out of mitochondrion

mitochondrial lrRNA export from mitochondrion

The process in which a lrRNA, large subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid, is transported from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol. [GOC:ai]


mitochondrial srRNA export from mitochondria

mitochondrial srRNA export out of mitochondrion

mitochondrial srRNA, mitochondrial export

mitochondrial srRNA transport from mitochondrion

mitochondrial srRNA export from mitochondrion

The process in which a srRNA, small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid, is transported from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol. [GOC:ai]


pole plasm mitochondrial rRNA localisation

establishment and maintenance of mitochondrial rRNA localization in pole plasm

oocyte pole plasm mitochondrial rRNA localization

Any process in which mitochondrial ribosomal RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [ISBN:0879694238]


establishment and maintenance of mitochondrial lrRNA localization in pole plasm

pole plasm mitochondrial lrRNA localisation

oocyte pole plasm mitochondrial lrRNA localization

Any process in which mitochondrial large ribosomal RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [ISBN:0879694238]


oocyte pole plasm mitochondrial srRNA localization

establishment and maintenance of mitochondrial localization in pole plasm

pole plasm mitochondrial srRNA localisation

Any process in which mitochondrial small ribosomal RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [ISBN:0879694238]


establishment and maintenance of intracellular RNA localization

Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. [GOC:ai]


establishment and maintenance of mRNA localization in pole plasm

establishment and maintenance of pole plasm mRNA localization

Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:ai]


establishment of oocyte pole plasm mRNA localization

establishment of pole plasm mRNA localisation

establishment of pole plasm mRNA localization

Any process that results in the directed movement of mRNA to the oocyte pole plasm. [GOC:bf]


maintenance of pole plasm mRNA localization

maintenance of oocyte pole plasm mRNA localization

The process of maintaining mRNA in a specific location in the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:bf, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


establishment and maintenance of bicoid mRNA localization

Any process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to and maintained within the oocyte as part of the specification of the anterior/posterior axis. [GOC:go_curators]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. [GOC:hb]


down regulation of bicoid mRNA localization

downregulation of bicoid mRNA localization

negative regulation of bicoid mRNA localisation

down-regulation of bicoid mRNA localization

negative regulation of bicoid mRNA localization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. [GOC:go_curators]


upregulation of bicoid mRNA localization

positive regulation of bicoid mRNA localisation

up-regulation of bicoid mRNA localization

up regulation of bicoid mRNA localization

positive regulation of bicoid mRNA localization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. [GOC:go_curators]


establishment and maintenance of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization

establishment and maintenance of oskar mRNA localization in pole plasm

oocyte pole plasm oskar mRNA localization

Any process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. [GOC:go_curators]


regulation of oocyte pole plasm oskar mRNA localization

regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localisation

regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. [GOC:hb]


negative regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localisation

downregulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization

down regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization

down-regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization

negative regulation of oocyte pole plasm oskar mRNA localization

negative regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. [GOC:go_curators]


up regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization

positive regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localisation

upregulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization

positive regulation of oocyte pole plasm oskar mRNA localization

up-regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization

positive regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. [GOC:go_curators]


establishment and maintenance of pole plasm RNA localization

Any process in which RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:ai]


RNA export from cell nucleus
RNA export out of nucleus
RNA-nucleus export
RNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm

The directed movement of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. [GOC:ma]


mRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm

The directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. [GOC:ma]


intronless viral mRNA export from host cell nucleus

intronless viral mRNA export out of nucleus

intronless viral mRNA export from host nucleus

intronless viral mRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm

The directed movement of intronless viral mRNA from the host nucleus to the cytoplasm for translation. [PMID:11598019]


poly(A)+ mRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm

The directed movement of poly(A)+ mRNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm. [GOC:ai]


rRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm

The directed movement of rRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm; the rRNA is usually in the form of ribonucleoproteins. [GOC:ma, GOC:mah]


snRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm

The directed movement of snRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. [GOC:ma]


tRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm

The directed movement of tRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. [GOC:ma]


RNA transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
RNA import into cell nucleus
RNA-nucleus import

The import of RNA from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. [GOC:ma]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving an mRNA encoding a histone. [GOC:krc, GOC:mah, PMID:17855393]


Any process in which a pre-mRNA or mRNA molecule is cleaved at specific sites or in a regulated manner. [GOC:mah]


The enzymatic addition of a sequence of 40-200 adenylyl residues at the 3' end of a eukaryotic mRNA primary transcript. [ISBN:0198506732]


The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA molecule to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically. [GOC:curators]


OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete). [GOC:krc]


lariat formation, 5'-splice site cleavage


Selection of a splice site by components of the assembling spliceosome. [GOC:krc, ISBN:0879695897]


spliceosomal tri-snRNP assembly
spliceosomal tri-snRNP complex assembly

The formation of a tri-snRNP complex containing U4 and U6 (or U4atac and U6atac) snRNAs and U5 snRNAs and associated proteins. This includes reannealing of U4 and U6 (or U4atac and U6atac) snRNAs released from previous rounds of splicing to reform the U4/U6 snRNP (or U4atac/U6atac snRNP) as well as the subsequent association of the U5 snRNP with the U4/U6 snRNP (or U4atac/U6atac snRNP) to form a tri-snRNP that is ready to reassemble into another spliceosome complex. [ISBN:0879695897, PMID:9452384]


nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome


OBSOLETE. The sequence of enzymatic reactions resulting in the addition of a cap to the 5' end of a nascent snRNA transcript. [GOC:mah]


The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an RNA molecule to produce an RNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:1555811337]


The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine within an RNA molecule. This posttranscriptional base modification occurs in tRNA, rRNA, and snRNAs. [GOC:hjd, GOC:mah]


Any base modification or substitution events that result in alterations in the coding potential or structural properties of RNAs as a result of changes in the base-pairing properties of the modified ribonucleoside(s). [PMID:11092837]


The conversion of an adenosine residue to inosine in an RNA molecule by deamination. [PMID:11092837]


The conversion of a cytosine residue to uridine in an RNA molecule by deamination. [PMID:11092837]


The conversion of a uridine residue to cytosine in an RNA molecule by amination. [PMID:11092837]


The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in a tRNA molecule. [GOC:mah]


The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an rRNA molecule to produce an rRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically. [GOC:curators]


The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within snRNA, resulting in a change in the properties of the snRNA. [GOC:jl]


The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within a tRNA molecule to produce a tRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically. [GOC:curators]


Any process involved in the conversion of a primary small nuclear RNA (snRNA) transcript into a mature snRNA molecule. The primary function of snRNAs is processing pre-messenger RNA in the nucleus. They have also been shown to aid in the regulation of transcription factors (7SK RNA) or RNA polymerase II (B2 RNA), and maintaining the telomeres. [PMID:15196465, PMID:31815536]


The process in which a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to a mature tRNA, ready for addition of an aminoacyl group. [GOC:jl, PMID:12533506]


ribonucleic cytidylic cytidylic adenylic pyrophosphorylase activity

CCA-adding enzyme, tRNA adenylyltransferase, tRNA cytidylyltransferase, tRNA CCA-pyrophosphorylase activity

Post-transcriptional addition of the terminal 3' CCA sequence to a tRNA which does not encode this sequence within the primary transcript. CCA addition proceeds by the sequential addition of CTP, CTP, and then ATP to the 3' end of the tRNA, yielding a diphosphate with each nucleotide addition. [EC:2.7.7.72, GOC:go_curators]


Generation of the mature 5'-end of the tRNA, usually via an endonucleolytic cleavage by RNase P. [PMID:11592395]


Any process that results in the repair of damaged RNA. [PMID:11000254, PMID:11070075, UniProtKB-KW:KW-0692]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving rRNA, ribosomal RNA, a structural constituent of ribosomes. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving snRNA, small nuclear RNA, any of various low-molecular-mass RNA molecules found in the eukaryotic nucleus as components of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA, transfer RNA, a class of relatively small RNA molecules responsible for mediating the insertion of amino acids into the sequence of nascent polypeptide chains during protein synthesis. Transfer RNA is characterized by the presence of many unusual minor bases, the function of which has not been completely established. [ISBN:0198506732]


The control of gene expression at the level of RNA transcription.


down regulation of gene-specific transcription

inhibition of transcription, DNA-dependent

downregulation of transcription, DNA-dependent

downregulation of gene-specific transcription

down-regulation of gene-specific transcription

down regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent

negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent

negative regulation of gene-specific transcription

inhibition of gene-specific transcription

down-regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent

negative regulation of cellular transcription, DNA-dependent

negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]


carbon catabolite repression of transcription

negative regulation of transcription by carbon catabolites

A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources. Carbon catabolite repression is a mechanism of genetic regulation which the accumulation of catabolites of one substance in the cell represses the formation of enzymes that contribute to the catabolism of other substances. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732, PMID:11018147, PMID:18359269, PMID:9618445]


down regulation of transcription by glucose

down-regulation of transcription by glucose

downregulation of transcription by glucose

carbon catabolite repression of transcription by glucose

A transcription regulation process in which the presence of glucose leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources. Carbon catabolite repression is a mechanism of genetic regulation which the accumulation of catabolites of one substance in the cell represses the formation of enzymes that contribute to the catabolism of other substances. [ISBN:0198506732, PMID:11018147]


negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter

negative regulation of transcription from Pol I promoter

down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter

downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter

down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter

negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase I

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I. [GOC:go_curators]


inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

negative regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter

down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]


downregulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global

down-regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

down regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

negative regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter


downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter

down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter

negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter

down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter

negative regulation of transcription from Pol III promoter

negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase III

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase III. [GOC:go_curators]


positive regulation of gene-specific transcription

activation of gene-specific transcription

activation of transcription, DNA-dependent

up regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent

up regulation of gene-specific transcription

stimulation of gene-specific transcription

positive regulation of cellular transcription, DNA-dependent

upregulation of gene-specific transcription

up-regulation of gene-specific transcription

stimulation of transcription, DNA-dependent

positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent

upregulation of transcription, DNA-dependent

up-regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent

positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]


positive regulation of transcription by carbon catabolites

carbon catabolite activation of transcription

A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to an increase in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources. [GOC:mah, PMID:10559153]


upregulation of transcription by glucose

up-regulation of transcription by glucose

up regulation of transcription by glucose

positive regulation of transcription by glucose

Any process involving glucose that activates or increases the rate of transcription. [GOC:go_curators]


positive regulation of transcription from Pol I promoter

up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter

upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter

up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter

positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter

positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase I

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]


stimulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

positive regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

upregulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

positive regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter

positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter

positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global

up-regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

up regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

activation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]


positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter

up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter

upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter

up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter

positive regulation of transcription from Pol III promoter

positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase III

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase III. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]


regulation of cellular transcription, DNA-dependent

regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent

regulation of transcription, DNA-templated

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]


regulation of transcription by carbon catabolites

carbon catabolite regulation of transcription

A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to the modulation of the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mah, PMID:18359269, PMID:9618445]


Any process involving glucose that modulates the frequency, rate or extent or transcription. [GOC:go_curators]


regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter

regulation of transcription from Pol I promoter

regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase I

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I. [GOC:go_curators]


regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter

regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]


regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter

regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global

global transcription regulation from Pol II promoter


regulation of transcription from Pol III promoter

regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter

regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase III

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA ploymerase III. [GOC:go_curators]


regulation of mating-type specific transcription, DNA-dependent

mating-type specific transcriptional control

regulation of mating-type specific transcription, DNA-templated

Any mating-type specific process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transcription of the viral genome. [GOC:ai]


DNA-dependent transcription
transcription, DNA-dependent

The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA. [GOC:jl, GOC:txnOH]


The synthesis of antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis, on a template of DNA. [GOC:jl]


transcription from mitochondrial promoter

The synthesis of RNA from a mitochondrial DNA template, usually by a specific mitochondrial RNA polymerase. [GOC:jl, PMID:23632312]


RNA elongation from mitochondrial promoter

transcription elongation from mitochondrial promoter

The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at mitochondrial promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a mitchondrial RNA polymerase. [GOC:mah, GOC:txnOH]


RNA transcription termination from mitochondrial promoter

termination of mitochondrial transcription

The process in which the synthesis of an RNA molecule using a mitochondrial DNA template is completed. [GOC:mah]


transcription initiation from mitochondrial promoter

A transcription initiation process that takes place at a promoter on the mitochondrial chromosome, and results in RNA synthesis by a mitochondrial RNA polymerase. [GOC:mah]


transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter

The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase I (RNAP I), originating at an RNAP I promoter. [GOC:jl, GOC:txnOH]


transcription elongation from RNA polymerase I promoter

The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at an RNA polymerase I specific promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by RNA polymerase I. [GOC:mah, GOC:txnOH]


The synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), any RNA that forms part of the ribosomal structure, from a DNA template. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


transcription initiation from Pol I promoter

transcription initiation from RNA polymerase I promoter

Any process involved in the assembly of the RNA polymerase I preinitiation complex (PIC) at an RNA polymerase I promoter region of a DNA template, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of RNA from that promoter. The initiation phase includes PIC assembly and the formation of the first few bonds in the RNA chain, including abortive initiation, which occurs when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released. Promoter clearance, or release, is the transition between the initiation and elongation phases of transcription. [GOC:mah, GOC:txnOH]


transcription termination from Pol I promoter

transcription termination from RNA polymerase I promoter

RNA polymerase I transcription termination

termination of RNA polymerase I transcription

The process in which the synthesis of an RNA molecule by RNA polymerase I using a DNA template is completed. RNAP I termination requires binding of a terminator protein so specific sequences downstream of the transcription unit. [GOC:mah, GOC:txnOH, PMID:10684922]


transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II (RNAP II), originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. Includes transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) and certain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). [GOC:jl, GOC:txnOH, ISBN:0321000382]


CTD domain phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II

generation of hyperphosphorylated CTD of RNA polymerase II

hyperphosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain

generation of II(0) form of RNA polymerase II

The process of introducing a phosphate group on to an amino acid residue in the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Typically, this occurs during the transcription cycle and results in production of an RNA polymerase II enzyme where the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit is extensively phosphorylated, often referred to as hyperphosphorylated or the II(0) form. Specific types of phosphorylation within the CTD are usually associated with specific regions of genes, though there are exceptions. The phosphorylation state regulates the association of specific complexes such as the capping enzyme or 3'-RNA processing machinery to the elongating RNA polymerase complex. [GOC:krc, GOC:mah, PMID:17079683]


The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template. [GOC:jl]


The process by which a viral genome, or part of a viral genome, is transcribed within the host cell. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0781702534]


(delayed) early viral mRNA transcription

The viral transcription that takes place after early transcription in the viral life cycle, and which involves the transcription of genes required for replication. [GOC:bf, GOC:jl]


The transcription of the final group of viral genes of the viral life cycle, following middle transcription, or where middle transcription doesn't occur, following early transcription. Involves the transcription of genes encoding structural proteins. [GOC:bf, GOC:jh2, GOC:jl]


transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter

The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at an RNA polymerase II promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by RNA polymerase II. [GOC:mah, GOC:txnOH]


The synthesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from a DNA template. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0321000382]


transcription initiation from Pol II promoter

transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter

Any process involved in the assembly of the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) at an RNA polymerase II promoter region of a DNA template, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of RNA from that promoter. The initiation phase includes PIC assembly and the formation of the first few bonds in the RNA chain, including abortive initiation, which occurs when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released. Promoter clearance, or release, is the transition between the initiation and elongation phases of transcription. [GOC:mah, GOC:txnOH]


transcription termination from RNA polymerase II promoter

transcription termination from Pol II promoter

RNA 3'-end formation by RNA polymerase II

RNA polymerase II transcription termination

termination of RNA polymerase II transcription

The process in which the synthesis of an RNA molecule by RNA polymerase II using a DNA template is completed. [GOC:mah, GOC:txnOH]


transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter

The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III, originating at an RNAP III promoter. [GOC:jl, GOC:txnOH, PMID:12381659]


transcription elongation from RNA polymerase III promoter

The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at an RNA polymerase III promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by RNA polymerase III. [GOC:mah, GOC:txnOH]


transcription initiation from Pol III promoter

transcription initiation from RNA polymerase III promoter

Any process involved in the assembly of the RNA polymerase III preinitiation complex (PIC) at an RNA polymerase III promoter region of a DNA template, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of RNA from that promoter. The initiation phase includes PIC assembly and the formation of the first few bonds in the RNA chain, including abortive initiation, which occurs when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released. Promoter clearance, or release, is the transition between the initiation and elongation phases of transcription. [GOC:mah, GOC:txnOH]


transcription termination from Pol III promoter

RNA polymerase III transcription termination

transcription termination from RNA polymerase III promoter

termination of RNA polymerase III transcription

The process in which transcription by RNA polymerase III is terminated; Pol III has an intrinsic ability to terminate transcription upon incorporation of 4 to 6 contiguous U residues. [GOC:mah, PMID:12944462]


The synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA) from a DNA template. [GOC:jl]


one-carbon metabolism
one-carbon transfer metabolic process
one carbon metabolic process
one-carbon transfer metabolism
one carbon metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the transfer of one-carbon units in various oxidation states. [GOC:hjd, GOC:mah, GOC:pde]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving formate, also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways by which formate is converted to CO2. [MetaCyc:PWY-1881]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4. It is the simplest of the alkanes. [ISBN:0198506732]


A light-dependent catabolic process occurring concomitantly with photosynthesis in plants (especially C3 plants) whereby dioxygen (O2) is consumed and carbon dioxide (CO2) is evolved. The substrate is glycolate formed in large quantities in chloroplasts from 2-phosphoglycolate generated from ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate by the action of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; the glycolate enters the peroxisomes where it is converted by glycolate oxidase to glyoxylate which undergoes transamination to glycine. This then passes into the mitochondria where it is decarboxylated forming one molecule of serine for every two molecules of glycine. This pathway also exists in photosynthetic bacteria. [ISBN:0198506732]


The reactions of the C2 pathway bring about the metabolic conversion of two molecules of 2-phosphoglycolate to one molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate, which can be used by the C3 cycle, and one molecule of carbon dioxide (CO2). [ISBN:0943088399]


A one-carbon metabolic process in which acetyl-CoA is produced from formaldehyde and carbon dioxide. [ISBN:0387961534]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetate, the anion of acetic acid. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyketides, any of a diverse group of natural products synthesized via linear poly-beta-ketones, which are themselves formed by repetitive head-to-tail addition of acetyl (or substituted acetyl) units indirectly derived from acetate (or a substituted acetate) by a mechanism similar to that for fatty acid biosynthesis but without the intermediate reductive steps. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


acetyl-CoA formation from acetate
acetyl-CoA anabolism from acetate
acetyl-CoA synthesis from acetate

acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from acetate, either directly or via acetylphosphate. [MetaCyc:ACETATEUTIL-PWY]


pyruvate anabolism from acetate
pyruvate synthesis from acetate
pyruvate formation from acetate

pyruvate biosynthetic process from acetate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyruvate from other compounds, including acetate. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldaric acid, any dicarboxylic acid formed by oxidation of by the terminal groups of an aldose to carboxyl group. [ISBN:0198506732]


mucic acid metabolic process
mucic acid metabolism
galactarate metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactarate, an anion of galactaric acid, the meso-aldaric acid derived from both D- and L-galactose. [GOC:pr, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucarate, the dianion of glucaric acid, an aldaric acid derived from either glucose or gulose. There are two enantiomers L- and D-glucarate. [ISBN:0198506732]


butanoic acid metabolism
butanoic acid metabolic process
butyric acid metabolism
butyric acid metabolic process
butyrate metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any butyrate, the anions of butyric acid (butanoic acid), a saturated, unbranched aliphatic acid. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving chorismate, the anion of (3R-trans)-3-((1-carboxyethenyl)oxy)-4-hydroxy-1,5-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylic acid. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactonate, the anion of galactonic acid, an organic acid derived from the sugar galactose. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycolate, the anion of hydroxyethanoic acid (glycolic acid). [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732]


keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, an acidic sugar present in lipopolysaccharides of the outer membranes of some Gram-negative bacteria. [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732]


L-ascorbic acid metabolism
vitamin C metabolic process
ascorbate metabolism
vitamin C metabolism
ascorbate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-ascorbic acid, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate; L-ascorbic acid is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactate, the anion of lactic acid. [ISBN:0198547684]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of lactate to other compounds, such as pyruvate, with concomitant loss of electrons. [GOC:mah]


Partial conversion of one lactate enantiomer into another so that the specific optical rotation is decreased, or even reduced to zero, in the resulting mixture. [GOC:curators, PMID:16166538]


propionate metabolism, methylcitrate cycle

propionate metabolic process, methylcitrate cycle

The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionate that occur in the methylcitrate cycle. [GOC:go_curators]


propionate metabolism, methylmalonyl pathway

propionate metabolic process, methylmalonyl pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionate that occur in the methylmalonyl pathway. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of pyruvate to acetylphosphate. [MetaCyc:PYRUVOX-PWY]


quinic acid metabolic process
quinic acid metabolism
quinate metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving quinate, the anion of quinic acid. The acid occurs commonly in plants, either free or as esters, and is used as a medicine. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving shikimate, (3R,4S,5R)--3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate, the anion of shikimic acid. It is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. [GOC:sm, ISBN:0198547684]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving teichoic acid, any polymer occurring in the cell wall, membrane or capsule of Gram-positive bacteria and containing chains of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate residues. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving uronic acid, any monocarboxylic acid formally derived by oxidizing to a carboxyl group the terminal hydroxymethylene group of either an aldose with four or more carbon atoms in the molecule, or of any glycoside derived from such an aldose. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid, the uronic acid formally derived from galactose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-galacturonate, the D-enantiomer of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid. D-galacturonic acid is a component of plant gums and bacterial cell walls. [GOC:ai, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucuronate, any salt or ester of glucuronic acid, the uronic acid formally derived from glucose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-glucuronate, a substance composed of glucuronic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving organometals, any metal-containing organic compound, especially one in which the metal atom is linked directly to one of more carbon atoms. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving organomercury compound, any organic compound containing a mercury atom. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving methylmercury (MeHg+), a highly toxic organometal which can accumulate in tissues, particularly in fish species. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving organotin, an organic compound containing a tin atom. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving tri-n-butyltin, an organometallic compound composed of three butyl chains attached to a tin atom. Tri-n-butyltin is used as an antifouling agent in ship bottom paints and can be toxic to many marine organisms. [GOC:ai, UM-BBD_pathwayID:tbt]


superoxide free radical metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species. [GOC:jl]


cellular detoxification of superoxide radicals

Any process, acting at the cellular level, involved in removing superoxide radicals (O2-) from a cell or organism, e.g. by conversion to dioxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). [GOC:jl]


The enzymatic generation of superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species, by a cell in response to environmental stress, thereby mediating the activation of various stress-inducible signaling pathways. [GOC:jl, PMID:12359750]


phosphate metabolism
phosphate metabolic process

phosphate-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the phosphate group, the anion or salt of any phosphoric acid. [GOC:ai]


The process of removing one or more phosphoric residues from a protein. [GOC:hb]


Protein phosphorylation is one of various post-translational protein modifications that regulates protein function and enzymatic activity. The major phosphoryl acceptors in proteins are serine, threonine, and tyrosine.


The phosphorylation of peptidyl-arginine to form omega-N-phospho-L-arginine. [RESID:AA0222]


The phosphorylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid. [GOC:jl]


The phosphorylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-phospho-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-phosphohistidine, tele-phosphohistidine) or peptidyl-3'-phospho-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-phosphohistidine, pros-phosphohistidine). [RESID:AA0035, RESID:AA0036]


The phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine. [RESID:AA0037]


The phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine. [RESID:AA0038]


The phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-phospho-L-tyrosine. [RESID:AA0039]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity. [GOC:go_curators]


down regulation of protein kinase activity

downregulation of protein kinase activity

down-regulation of protein kinase activity

negative regulation of protein kinase activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity. [GOC:go_curators]


up-regulation of protein kinase activity

up regulation of protein kinase activity

positive regulation of protein kinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity. [GOC:go_curators]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into a molecule. [GOC:jl]


downregulation of phosphorylation
down-regulation of phosphorylation
down regulation of phosphorylation

Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule. [GOC:jl]


up-regulation of phosphorylation
up regulation of phosphorylation
upregulation of phosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule. [GOC:jl]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polyphosphate, the anion or salt of polyphosphoric acid. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


regulation of phosphate metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates. [GOC:go_curators]


down-regulation of phosphate metabolic process

negative regulation of phosphate metabolism

down regulation of phosphate metabolic process

downregulation of phosphate metabolic process

negative regulation of phosphate metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates. [GOC:go_curators]


down regulation of phosphorus utilization

downregulation of phosphorus utilization

down-regulation of phosphorus utilization

negative regulation of phosphorus utilization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorus utilization. [GOC:go_curators]


up regulation of phosphate metabolic process

up-regulation of phosphate metabolic process

positive regulation of phosphate metabolism

upregulation of phosphate metabolic process

positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates. [GOC:go_curators]


up regulation of phosphorus utilization
upregulation of phosphorus utilization
up-regulation of phosphorus utilization

positive regulation of phosphorus utilization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorus utilization. [GOC:go_curators]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorus utilization. [GOC:go_curators]


A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary phosphorus source and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary phosphorus source and to transport and metabolize alternative phosphorus sources. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects phosphorus levels, includes the phosphorus-containing substances, and ends when phosphorus is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism. [GOC:mah, GOC:mlg]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving eye pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the eye. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of eye pigment precursors, the inactive forms of visual pigments, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhodopsin, a brilliant purplish-red, light-sensitive visual pigment found in the rod cells of the retinas. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving melanins, pigments largely of animal origin. High molecular weight polymers of indole quinone, they are irregular polymeric structures and are divided into three groups: allomelanins in the plant kingdom and eumelanins and phaeomelanins in the animal kingdom. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving ocellus pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the ocellus, a minute simple eye found in many invertebrates. [GOC:ai, PMID:15176085, PMID:18421706]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycoproteins, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


haemoglobin metabolic process
haemoglobin metabolism
hemoglobin metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hemoglobin, including its uptake and utilization. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:jl]


hemoglobin uptake
haemoglobin uptake
endocytic hemoglobin import

The directed movement of hemoglobin into a cell by receptor-mediated endocytosis. [GOC:mb]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid or lipid residues occurring in a lipoprotein, any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids. [GOC:mah]


The modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of one or more amino acids or the lipid group. [GOC:mah]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving a mannoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. [GOC:go_curators]


The posttranslational conversion of C-terminal glycine-extended peptides to C-terminal alpha-amidated peptides. Occurs to over half of all peptide hormones to give bioactive peptides. This is a two step process catalyzed by a peptidyl-glycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase and a peptidyl-alpha-hydroxyglycine alpha-amidating lyase. In some organisms, this process is catalyzed by two separate enzymes, whereas in higher organisms, one polypeptide catalyzes both reactions. [PMID:11028916]


coenzyme Q and cytochrome c reductase complex biogenesis

coenzyme Q and cytochrome c reductase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the cytochrome bc(1) complex, a transmembrane lipoprotein complex that it catalyzes the reduction of cytochrome c by accepting reducing equivalents from Coenzyme Q, by the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of its constituents. [GOC:jl, http://www.brainyencyclopedia.com/]


The linkage of cytochromes and other heme proteins to heme. [RESID:AA0134, RESID:AA0135]


cytochrome c-haem linkage via haem-bis-L-cysteine

cytochrome c-heme linkage via heme-bis-L-cysteine

The linkage of cytochromes and other heme proteins to heme via heme-bis-L-cysteine. [RESID:AA0134]


cytochrome c-haem linkage via haem-L-cysteine

cytochrome c-heme linkage via heme-L-cysteine

The linkage of cytochromes and other heme proteins to heme via heme-L-cysteine. [RESID:AA0135]


The covalent linkage of heme to cytochrome P450 4A1 via hydroxyheme-L-glutamyl ester. [GOC:cjm, RESID:AA0324]


The covalent linkage of heme to peroxidase. [RESID:AA0279, RESID:AA0280]


peroxidase-haem linkage via dihydroxyhaem-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester

peroxidase-heme linkage via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester

The covalent linkage of heme to peroxidase via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester. [RESID:AA0279]


peroxidase-heme linkage via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester-L-methionine sulphonium

peroxidase-haem linkage via dihydroxyhaem-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester-L-methionine sulfonium

peroxidase-heme linkage via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester-L-methionine sulfonium

The covalent linkage of heme to peroxidase via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester-L-methionine sulfonium. [RESID:AA0280]


The covalent linkage of heme and a protein via 1'-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-heme-histidine, tele-heme-histidine). [RESID:AA0329]


The linkage of protein to heme P460. [RESID:AA0266, RESID:AA0271]


protein-haem P460 linkage via haem P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-lysine

protein-heme P460 linkage via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-lysine

The linkage of protein to heme P460 via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-lysine. [RESID:AA0271]


protein-haem P460 linkage via haem P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-tyrosine

protein-heme P460 linkage via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-tyrosine

The linkage of protein to heme P460 via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-tyrosine. [RESID:AA0266]


The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a protein structure comprising two or more rings that are interlocked but not covalently joined; resembling the links of a chain. [ISBN:0198506732]


protein catenane formation via N6-(L-isoaspartyl)-L-lysine, autocatalytic

The autocatalytic formation of isopeptide bonds by ligation of peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-asparagine residues; known to occur in the capsid of some bacteriophage, such as HK97, where it is thought to provide a mechanism for stabilizing the capsid. [RESID:AA0294]


protein complex assembly, multichaperone pathway

cellular chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex, mediated by chaperone molecules that do not form part of the finished complex. [GOC:ai]


steroid hormone receptor complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a steroid hormone receptor complex, an intracellular receptor that binds steroid hormones. The complex is often a dimer, and forms after the steroid has bound the receptor. [GOC:jl, Wikipedia:Steroid_hormone_receptor]


The process of assisting in the folding of a nascent peptide chain into its correct tertiary structure. [GOC:mb]


The process carried out by a cell that restores the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, using helper proteins such as chaperones. [GOC:mb]


establishment and maintenance of protein localization in apical part of cell

establishment and maintenance of apical protein localization

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, apical regions of the cell. [GOC:bf]


cell fate commitment, asymmetric protein localization

asymmetric protein localisation involved in cell fate determination

asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate commitment

asymmetric protein localization resulting in cell fate commitment

asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific asymmetric distribution, resulting in the formation of daughter cells of different types. [GOC:ai]


establishment and maintenance of protein localization in basal part of cell

establishment and maintenance of basal protein localization

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, basal regions of the cell. [GOC:bf]


establishment and maintenance of pole plasm protein localization

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:ai]


protein recruitment
establishment of protein localisation
protein positioning

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location. [GOC:bf]


localization of viral capsid precursors in nucleus

establishment and maintenance of viral capsid precursor localization in nucleus

viral capsid precursor localization in host cell nucleus

nuclear localization of viral capsid precursors

viral capsid precursor localisation in host cell nucleus

viral capsid precursor localization to host cell nucleus

viral capsid precursor transport to host cell nucleus

Any process in which viral capsid precursors are transported to a specific location in the nucleus, thus accumulating the necessary components for assembly of a capsid. [ISBN:0781718325]


metal incorporation into metallo-molybdopterin complex

The incorporation of a metal into a metallo-molybdopterin complex. [GOC:ai]


molybdenum incorporation via L-cysteinyl molybdopterin

The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein via L-cysteinyl molybdopterin. [RESID:AA0142]


tungsten incorporation into tungsten-molybdopterin complex

The incorporation of tungsten into a tungsten-molybdopterin complex. [GOC:ai]


metal incorporation into metallo-sulphur cluster

metal incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

The formation of a cluster of several metal atoms, including iron, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, or copper, with one or more bridging (mu-bond) sulfur atoms; amino acids residues in proteins that may ligate the metal sulfur cluster are cysteine, histidine, aspartate, glutamate, serine and cysteine persulfide. [GOC:jsg]


copper incorporation into metallo-sulphur cluster

copper incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of copper into a metallo-sulfur cluster. [GOC:ai]


copper incorporation into copper-sulphur cluster

copper incorporation into copper-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of copper into a copper-sulfur cluster. [GOC:ai]


copper incorporation into copper-sulphur cluster via heptakis-L-histidino tetracopper mu4-sulphide hydroxide

copper incorporation into copper-sulfur cluster via heptakis-L-histidino tetracopper mu4-sulfide hydroxide

The incorporation of copper into a 4Cu-S copper-sulfur cluster via heptakis-L-histidino tetracopper mu4-sulfide hydroxide. [RESID:AA0298]


iron incorporation into metallo-sulphur cluster

iron incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of iron into a metallo-sulfur cluster. [GOC:ai]


iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulphide

iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide. [RESID:AA0289]


iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via hexakis-L-cysteinyl L-serinyl octairon heptasulphide

iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via hexakis-L-cysteinyl L-serinyl octairon heptasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 8Fe-7S iron-sulfur cluster via hexakis-L-cysteinyl L-serinyl octairon heptasulfide, found in nitrogenase. [PMID:9063865, RESID:AA0300]


iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulphide

iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a nickel-iron-sulfur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulfide, found in carbon monoxide dehydrogenase. [RESID:AA0310]


iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl diiron disulphide

iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl diiron disulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 2Fe-2S iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl diiron disulfide. [RESID:AA0137]


iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl tetrairon tetrasulphide

iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide. [RESID:AA0140]


iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulphide

iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide. [PMID:11592901, RESID:AA0326]


iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulphido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulphide trioxide

iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide

The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-2S cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide. [RESID:AA0292]


iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulphido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulphide trioxide

iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide

The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-2S cluster by tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide. [RESID:AA0293]


iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulphide

iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide. [RESID:AA0139]


iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato tetrairon tetrasulphide

iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato tetrairon tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato tetrairon tetrasulfide. [RESID:AA0286]


iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-cysteine persulphido-bis-L-glutamato-L-histidino tetrairon

iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-cysteine persulfido-bis-L-glutamato-L-histidino tetrairon

The incorporation of iron into an iron-sulfur cluster by tris-L-cysteinyl-L-cysteine persulfido-bis-L-glutamato-L-histidino tetrairon. [RESID:AA0268]


iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N1'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulphide

iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N1'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N1'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulfide. [RESID:AA0284]


iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulphide

iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulfide. [RESID:AA0285]


iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulphide

iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide. [RESID:AA0288]


iron incorporation into protein via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl iron

The incorporation of iron into a protein via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl iron (there is no exogenous sulfur, so this modification by itself does not produce an iron-sulfur protein). [RESID:AA0136]


iron incorporation into the Rieske iron-sulphur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl bis-L-histidino diiron disulphide

iron incorporation into the Rieske iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl bis-L-histidino diiron disulfide

The incorporation of iron into a Rieske 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl bis-L-histidino diiron disulfide. [RESID:AA0225]


molybdenum incorporation into metallo-sulphur cluster

molybdenum incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of molybdenum into a metallo-sulfur cluster. [GOC:ai]


molybdenum incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster

molybdenum incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of molybdenum into an iron-sulfur cluster. [GOC:ai]


iron and molybdenum incorporation into iron-molybdenum-sulphur cluster via L-cysteinyl homocitryl molybdenum-heptairon-nonasulphide

iron and molybdenum incorporation into iron-molybdenum-sulfur cluster via L-cysteinyl homocitryl molybdenum-heptairon-nonasulfide

The incorporation of iron and molybdenum into a Mo-7Fe-8S iron-molybdenum-sulfur cluster via L-cysteinyl homocitryl molybdenum-heptairon-nonasulfide, found in nitrogenase. [RESID:AA0141]


molybdenum incorporation into metallo-pterin complex

molybdenum incorporation into molybdenum-molybdopterin complex

The incorporation of molybdenum into a molybdenum-molybdopterin complex. [GOC:ai]


molybdenum incorporation via L-cysteinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide

The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein by L-cysteinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide. [RESID:AA0281]


molybdenum incorporation via L-selenocysteinyl molybdenum bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)

The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein via L-selenocysteinyl molybdenum bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide). [RESID:AA0248]


molybdenum incorporation via L-serinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide

The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein via L-serinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide. [PDB:1EU1, PMID:8658132, RESID:AA0319]


nickel incorporation into metallo-sulphur cluster

nickel incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of nickel into a metallo-sulfur cluster. [GOC:ai]


nickel incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulphido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulphide trioxide

nickel incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide

The incorporation of nickel into a 3Fe-2S complex by tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide. [RESID:AA0292]


nickel incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulphido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulphide trioxide

nickel incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide

The incorporation of nickel into a 3Fe-2S complex by tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide. [RESID:AA0293]


nickel incorporation into nickel-iron-sulphur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulphide

nickel incorporation into nickel-iron-sulfur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulfide

The incorporation of nickel into a nickel-iron-sulfur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulfide, found in carbon monoxide dehydrogenase. [RESID:AA0310]


vanadium incorporation into metallo-sulphur cluster

vanadium incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of vanadium a metallo-sulfur cluster such as VFe(7-8)S(n). [PMID:11053414]


nucleic acid-protein covalent cross-linking

The formation of a covalent cross-link between a nucleic acid and a protein. [GOC:ma]


The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a protein. [GOC:ma]


DNA-protein covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-serine

protein-DNA covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-serine

The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a peptidyl-serine residue by the formation of O-(phospho-5'-DNA)-L-serine. [RESID:AA0246]


DNA-protein covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-threonine

protein-DNA covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-threonine

The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a peptidyl-threonine residue by the formation of O-(phospho-5'-DNA)-L-threonine. [RESID:AA0255]


DNA-protein covalent cross-linking via the 5' end to peptidyl-tyrosine

protein-DNA covalent cross-linking via the 5'-end to peptidyl-tyrosine

The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a peptidyl-tyrosine residue by the formation of O4'-(phospho-5'-DNA)-L-tyrosine. [RESID:AA0254]


The formation of a covalent cross-link between RNA and a protein. [GOC:ma]


RNA-protein covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-serine

The formation of a covalent cross-link between RNA and a peptidyl-serine residue by the formation of O-(phospho-5'-5NA)-L-serine. [RESID:AA0213]


RNA-protein covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-tyrosine

The formation of a covalent cross-link between RNA and a peptidyl-tyrosine residue by the formation of O4'-(phospho-5'-RNA)-L-tyrosine. [RESID:AA0249]


peptide or protein amino-terminal blocking


N-terminal peptidyl-valine condensation with pyruvate to form N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-valine

The condensation of pyruvate through the 2-oxo group with the N-terminal valine of proteins to form the derivative N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-valine. [RESID:AA0275]


N-terminal protein amino acid acetylation

The acetylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins. [GOC:ai]


The acetylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins; catalyzed by peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase or other enzymes of this class, such as ribosomal-protein-alanine N-acetyltransferase. [RESID:AA0041]


N-terminal peptidyl-aspartic acid acetylation

The acetylation of the N-terminal aspartic acid of proteins; catalyzed by aspartate N-acetyltransferase. [RESID:AA0042]


The acetylation of the N-terminal cysteine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-cysteine. [RESID:AA0043]


N-terminal peptidyl-glutamic acid acetylation

The acetylation of the N-terminal glutamic acid of proteins to form the derivate acetyl-glutamic acid. [RESID:AA0044]


The acetylation of a glutamine residue in protein to form the N5-methyl-L-glutamine derivative. The occurrence of this modification has not been confirmed. Its annotation in sequence databases is either due to the misidentification of 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid, or to inappropriate homolog comparisons when proteolytic modification is more probable. [RESID:AA0045]


The acetylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetylglycine. [RESID:AA0046]


The acetylation of the N-terminal isoleucine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-isoleucine. The occurrence of this modification has not been confirmed. [RESID:AA0047]


The acetylation of the N-terminal lysine of proteins. [GOC:ai]


The acetylation of the N-terminal lysine of proteins to form the derivative N2-acetyl-L-lysine. The occurrence of this modification has not been confirmed. [RESID:AA0048]


The acetylation of the N-terminal methionine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-methionine. [RESID:AA0049]


The acetylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-proline. [RESID:AA0050]


The acetylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-serine. [RESID:AA0051]


The acetylation of the N-terminal threonine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-threonine; catalyzed by peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase. [RESID:AA0052]


The acetylation of the N-terminal tyrosine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-tyrosine. [RESID:AA0053]


The acetylation of the N-terminal tyrosine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-valine. [RESID:AA0054]


N-terminal protein amino acid deamination

The removal of an amino group from the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein. [GOC:mah]


N-terminal peptidyl-amino acid deamination to pyruvic acid

The oxidative deamination of N-terminal peptidyl-cysteine, or peptidyl-serine, to form pyruvic acid with an amide bond between its 1-carboxyl group and the N-terminal residue. [RESID:AA0127]


N-terminal peptidyl-cysteine condensation with pyruvate to form N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-cysteine

The condensation of pyruvate through the 2-oxo group with the N-terminal cysteine of proteins to form the derivative N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-cysteine. [RESID:AA0274]


The oxidative deamination of N-terminal peptidyl-serine to form pyruvic acid with an amide bond between its 1-carboxyl group and the N-terminal residue. [RESID:AA0127]


The deamination of N-terminal peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-2-oxobutanoic acid. [RESID:AA0129]


The deamination of the N-terminal valine residue of a protein to form isobutyrate. [GOC:ma, GOC:mah]


N-terminal protein amino acid methylation

The methylation of the N-terminal amino acid of a protein. [GOC:ai]


The methylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins. [RESID:AA0061, RESID:AA0062]


The methylation of a glutamine residue in proteins to form the peptidyl-N5-methyl-L-glutamine derivative. [RESID:AA0071]


The methylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-methylglycine. [RESID:AA0063]


The methylation of the N-terminal methionine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-methionine. [RESID:AA0064]


The methylation of the N-terminal phenylalanine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-phenylalanine. [RESID:AA0065]


The formylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins. [GOC:ai]


The formylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-formylglycine. [RESID:AA0057]


peptide or protein carboxyl-terminal blocking


C-terminal protein amino acid methylation

The methylation of the C-terminal amino acid of a protein. [GOC:ai]


The alteration of an amino acid residue in a peptide. [GOC:mah]


The modification of peptidyl-alanine. [GOC:go_curators]


peptidyl-dehydroalanine formation from peptidyl-tyrosine or peptidyl-serine

peptidyl-dehydroalanine anabolism from peptidyl-tyrosine or peptidyl-serine

peptidyl-dehydroalanine synthesis from peptidyl-tyrosine or peptidyl-serine

peptidyl-dehydroalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine or peptidyl-serine

The formation of peptidyl-dehydroalanine from either peptidyl-tyrosine by phenyl transfer, or from peptidyl-serine, which is coupled with the formation of 5-imidazolinone by the two neighboring residues, produces an 4-methylidene-imidazole-5-one active site of some amino acid ammonia-lyases; the 4-methylidene-imidazole-5-one, is formed autocatalytically by cyclization and dehydration of the sequence ASG. [RESID:AA0181]


peptide cross-linking via L-alanyl-5-imidazolinone glycine

The formation of a protein active site cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue N, an alanine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue N+2, a glycine, coupled with the formation of a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue N+1 which loses one hydrogen, and the loss of a molecule of water. [RESID:AA0187]


The modification of peptidyl-arginine. [GOC:go_curators]


The transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to peptidyl-arginine to form omega-N-(ADP-ribosyl)-L-arginine. [RESID:AA0168]


The hydroxylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-hydroxyarginine. [GOC:mah]


The addition of a methyl group to an arginine residue in a protein. [GOC:mah]


The methylation of peptidyl-arginine on the carbon 5 (C5) residue to form peptidyl-5-methyl-L-arginine. [GOC:bf, http://www.uni-marburg.de/mpi/thauer/thauer_res.html, RESID:AA0272]


The methylation of peptidyl-arginine on the internal nitrogen-5 (N5) atom (also called delta-nitrogen) to form peptidyl-N5-methyl-L-arginine. [GOC:bf, PMID:9792625, RESID:AA0305]


peptidyl-arginine methylation, to symmetrical-dimethyl arginine

The process of methylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-N(omega),N'(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine. [RESID:AA0067, RESID:AA0069]


peptidyl-arginine methylation, to unsymmetrical-dimethyl arginine

peptidyl-arginine methylation, to asymmetrical-dimethyl arginine

The process of methylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine. [RESID:AA0068, RESID:AA0069]


The modification of peptidyl-asparagine. [GOC:go_curators]


isopeptide cross-linking via N-(L-isoaspartyl)-glycine

The formation of an isopeptide cross-link between peptidyl-asparagine and peptidyl-glycine to produce N-(L-isoaspartyl)-glycine. [RESID:AA0126]


isopeptide cross-linking via N-(L-isoaspartyl)-L-cysteine

The formation of an isopeptide cross-link between peptidyl-asparagine and peptidyl-cysteine to produce N-(L-isoaspartyl)-L-cysteine. [RESID:AA0216]


The transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to peptidyl-asparagine to form peptidyl-N4-(ADP-ribosyl)-L-asparagine. [RESID:AA0231]


The hydroxylation of peptidyl-asparagine to form peptidyl-hydroxyasparagine. [GOC:mah]


peptidyl-asparagine hydroxylation to form L-erythro-beta-hydroxyasparagine

The hydroxylation of peptidyl-asparagine to form peptidyl-L-erythro-beta-hydroxyasparagine; catalyzed by peptide-aspartate beta-dioxygenase (EC:1.14.11.16). [RESID:AA0026]


The methylation of peptidyl-asparagine to form peptidyl-N4-methyl-L-asparagine or peptidyl-N4,N4-dimethyl-L-asparagine. [RESID:AA0070, RESID:AA0311]


peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioasparagine anabolism from peptidyl-asparagine

peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioasparagine synthesis from peptidyl-asparagine

peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioasparagine formation from peptidyl-asparagine

peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioasparagine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-asparagine

The modification of peptidyl-asparagine to form peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioasparagine, typical of bacterial ribosomal protein S12. [GOC:jsg, RESID:AA0320]


peptidyl-N4-hydroxymethyl-L-asparagine anabolism from peptidyl-asparagine

peptidyl-N4-hydroxymethyl-L-asparagine synthesis from peptidyl-asparagine

peptidyl-N4-hydroxymethyl-L-asparagine formation from peptidyl-asparagine

peptidyl-N4-hydroxymethyl-L-asparagine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-asparagine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N4-hydroxymethyl-L-asparagine from other compounds, including peptidyl-asparagine. [RESID:AA0236]


peptide cross-linking via N6-(L-isoaspartyl)-L-lysine

The formation of isopeptide bonds by ligation of peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-asparagine residues. [RESID:AA0294]


peptide cross-linking via N6-(L-isoaspartyl)-L-lysine, presumed catalytic

The formation of isopeptide bonds by ligation of peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-asparagine residues; occurs in mammals in proteins as yet unidentified by a mechanism probably analogous to that of transglutaminase reactions. [RESID:AA0294]


The modification of peptidyl-aspartic acid. [GOC:ma]


cis-14-hydroxy-10,13-dioxo-7-heptadecenoic acid peptidyl-aspartate ester formation from peptidyl-aspartic acid

cis-14-hydroxy-10,13-dioxo-7-heptadecenoic acid peptidyl-aspartate ester synthesis from peptidyl-aspartic acid

cis-14-hydroxy-10,13-dioxo-7-heptadecenoic acid peptidyl-aspartate ester anabolism from peptidyl-aspartic acid

cis-14-hydroxy-10,13-dioxo-7-heptadecenoic acid peptidyl-aspartate ester biosynthetic process from peptidyl-aspartic acid

The modification of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-cis-14-hydroxy-10,13-dioxo-7-heptadecenoic acid aspartate ester, typical of the barley lipid transfer protein 1. [RESID:AA0316]


The carboxylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-beta-carboxyaspartic acid. [RESID:AA0304]


The hydroxylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-hydroxyaspartic acid. [GOC:mah]


peptidyl-aspartic acid hydroxylation to form L-erythro-beta-hydroxyaspartic acid

The hydroxylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-erythro-beta-hydroxyaspartic acid; catalyzed by peptide-aspartate beta-dioxygenase (EC:1.14.11.16). [RESID:AA0027]


peptidyl-beta-carboxyaspartic acid synthesis from peptidyl-aspartic acid

peptidyl-beta-carboxyaspartic acid anabolism from peptidyl-aspartic acid

peptidyl-beta-carboxyaspartic acid formation from peptidyl-aspartic acid

peptidyl-beta-carboxyaspartic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-aspartic acid

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-beta-carboxyaspartic acid from other compounds, including peptidyl-aspartic acid. [GOC:go_curators]


peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid anabolism from peptidyl-aspartic acid

peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid formation from peptidyl-aspartic acid

peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid synthesis from peptidyl-aspartic acid

peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-aspartic acid

The modification of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid, typical of bacterial ribosomal protein S12. [RESID:AA0232]


The modification of peptidyl-cysteine. [GOC:go_curators]


biosynthesis of protein-protein cross-link via 5-imidazolinone glycine

biosynthetic process of protein-protein cross-link via 5-imidazolinone glycine

peptide cross-linking via 5-imidazolinone glycine

The formation of a protein active site cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue n, an alanine, serine or cysteine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+2, a glycine, and a dehydration to form a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+1. This cross-linking is coupled with an oxidation of residue n+1 to form an active aldehyde. [RESID:AA0184, RESID:AA0187, RESID:AA0188]


coenzyme A-peptidyl-cysteine covalent linking

The covalent linkage of coenzyme A and peptidyl-cysteine to form L-cysteine coenzyme A disulfide. [RESID:AA0306]


The acetylation of peptidyl-cysteine. [GOC:mah]


The acetylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-acetyl-L-cysteine. [RESID:AA0056]


The transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-(ADP-ribosyl)-L-cysteine. [RESID:AA0169]


The addition of an ester group to a cysteine residue in a protein. [GOC:mah]


peptidyl-L-cysteine methyl ester anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine

peptidyl-L-cysteine methyl ester formation from peptidyl-cysteine

peptidyl-L-cysteine methyl ester synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine

peptidyl-L-cysteine methyl ester biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

The modification of a C-terminal peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-L-cysteine methyl ester. [RESID:AA0105]


The methylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-methyl-L-cysteine. [RESID:AA0234]


The oxidation of peptidyl-cysteine to peptidyl-L-cysteine sulfinic acid or peptidyl-L-cysteine sulfenic acid. [PMID:9586994, RESID:AA0205, RESID:AA0262]


OBSOLETE. Oxidation of two cysteine sulfhydryl groups (thiols) in one protein by a disulfide bond in a second protein to form a disulfide bond in the first protein and two reduced sulfhydryls in the second. The oxidized cysteines linked by a disulfide bond is known as cystine. [http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/aminoacids/pages/cystine.html, http://www.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/pentose-phosphate-pathway.html, RESID:AA0025]


protein S-nitrosylation
peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation

The covalent addition of a nitric oxide (NO) group to the sulphur (S) atom of a cysteine residue in a protein, to form peptidyl-S-nitrosyl-L-cysteine. [RESID:AA0230]