down-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway

negative modulation by organism of defense-related host SA-mediated signal transduction pathway

negative regulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway

negative regulation of host SA-mediated defense response

suppression of host SA mediated defense response

downregulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response

downregulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway

down regulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway

negative modulation by organism of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway

down regulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response

suppression by organism of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response

down-regulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response

negative regulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response

negative regulation by organism of defense-related host SA-mediated signal transduction pathway

suppression by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


down regulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response

down-regulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response

negative regulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response

suppression by organism of host ethylene-mediated defense response

downregulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response

suppression by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


disassembly by organism of host cellular component

catabolism of host structural constituent by organism

degradation of host cellular component by organism

disassembly by symbiont of host cellular component

catabolism of host cellular component by organism

disruption by symbiont of host cellular component

The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of cellular components of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [ISBN:0198547684]


disassembly by symbiont of host cell wall

disruption by symbiont of host cell envelope

disruption by symbiont of host cell wall

A process carried out by a symbiont that breaks down the cell wall of its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [ISBN:0198547684]


modulation by symbiont of host RNA levels

modulation by symbiont of RNA levels in host

The alteration by an organism of the levels of RNA in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


modulation by symbiont of host hormone or growth regulator levels

The alteration by an organism of the levels of hormones or growth regulators in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


metabolism of host cell wall by organism

modification by symbiont of host cell wall

The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the host cell wall. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [ISBN:0198547684]


modulation by symbiont of ethylene levels in host

The alteration by an organism of the levels of ethylene in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


modulation by symbiont of jasmonic acid levels in host

The alteration by an organism of the levels of jasmonic acid in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


modulation by symbiont of salicylic acid levels in host

The alteration by an organism of the levels of salicylic acid in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


positive modulation of hormone or growth regulator levels in host

up regulation by symbiont of hormone or growth regulator levels in host

up-regulation by symbiont of hormone or growth regulator levels in host

upregulation by symbiont of hormone or growth regulator levels in host

positive regulation by symbiont of hormone or growth regulator levels in host

The increase by an organism of the levels of hormones or growth regulators in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


modification by symbiont of host cell membrane

The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a host cellular membrane. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


modulation by symbiont of host transcription

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its host's transcription. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway

modulation of host signal transduction by symbiont

modulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction pathways, the cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


up regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway

up-regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway

upregulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway

positive regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway

induction by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction pathways, the cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


negative modulation by organism of host signal transduction pathway

downregulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway

down regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway

down-regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway

negative regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway

suppression by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction pathways, the cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


mitigation by symbiont of host defense response

modulation by symbiont of host defense response

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the defense response of its host, the response mounted by the host in response to the presence of the organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


modulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response of the host organism; the inflammatory response is the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


up-regulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response

upregulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response

up regulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response

positive regulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response

Any process in which a symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response of the host organism; the inflammatory response is the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


negative regulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response

downregulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response

down-regulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response

down regulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response

suppression by symbiont of host inflammatory response

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response of the host organism; the inflammatory response is the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


modulation of host intracellular trafficking

modulation by symbiont of host intracellular transport

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within the cell or cells of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


modification by symbiont of host cytoskeleton


modulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


inhibition of host programmed cell death

down regulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death

suppression by symbiont of host programmed cell death

downregulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death

down-regulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death

negative regulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


induction by organism of programmed cell death in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction

enhancement of host programmed cell death by organism

activation by organism of programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction

upregulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death

induction by symbiont of host programmed cell death

activation by organism of host programmed cell death

positive regulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


modification by symbiont of host cellular component

The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a host cellular component. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


down-regulation by symbiont of host enzyme activity

down regulation by symbiont of host enzyme activity

downregulation by symbiont of host enzyme activity

negative regulation by symbiont of host enzyme activity

negative regulation by symbiont of host catalytic activity

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host enzyme activity. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


modification by symbiont of host protein function

modification by symbiont of host molecular function

modulation by symbiont of host molecular function

The process in which an organism effects a change in the function of a host protein via a direct interaction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06, GOC:tb]


evasion or tolerance by symbiont of host-produced phytoalexins

evasion or tolerance of phytoalexins produced by host in response to organism

symbiont defense to host-produced phytoalexin

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of production of phytoalexins as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


activation by organism of host phytoalexin production

induction by symbiont of host phytoalexin production

The activation by a symbiont of the production of phytoalexins as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


induction by organism of defense-related host NO production

activation by organism of defense-related host nitric oxide production

activation by organism of defense-related host NO production

induction by symbiont of defense-related host nitric oxide production

The activation by a symbiont of the production of nitric oxide as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


activation by symbiont of defense-related host respiratory burst

induction by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxidative species production

activation by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production

induction by symbiont of defense-related host metabolic burst

activation by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen intermediate production

activation by symbiont of defense-related host oxidative burst

activation by symbiont of defense-related host ROS production

activation by symbiont of defense-related host ROI production

activation by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxidative species production

induction by symbiont of defense-related host oxidative burst

induction by symbiont of defense-related host active oxygen species production

induction by symbiont of defense-related host AOS production

activation by symbiont of defense-related host metabolic burst

induction by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production

The activation by a symbiont of the production of reactive oxygen species as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


negative regulation by organism of entry into host cell via host phagocytosis

down-regulation by symbiont of entry into host cell via phagocytosis

downregulation by symbiont of entry into host cell via phagocytosis

down regulation by symbiont of entry into host cell via phagocytosis

negative regulation by symbiont of entry into host cell via phagocytosis


negative regulation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response


negative regulation by symbiont of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway


negative regulation by symbiont of defense-related host ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway


positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway


up regulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway

up-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway

positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway

upregulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway

induction by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway

Any process in which a symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


activation by organism of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway


induction by organism of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway


upregulation by organism of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway


positive regulation by organism of defense-related host SA-mediated signal transduction pathway


activation by organism of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway


activation by organism of defense-related host SA-mediated signal transduction pathway


induction by organism of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway


induction by organism of defense-related host SA-mediated signal transduction pathway


upregulation by organism of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway


upregulation by organism of defense-related host SA-mediated signal transduction pathway


upregulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response

positive regulation by organism of host SA-mediated defense response

up-regulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response

up regulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response

positive regulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response

Any process in which a symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the salicylic acid-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


induction by organism of host SA-mediated defense response


induction by organism of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response


up regulation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response

positive regulation by organism of host JA-mediated defense response

up-regulation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response

upregulation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response

positive regulation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response

Any process in which a symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


induction by organism of host JA-mediated defense response


induction by organism of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response


up regulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response

up-regulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response

positive regulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response

upregulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response

induction by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


modulation by symbiont of defense-related host ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway


negative regulation by organism of defense-related host MAPK-mediated signal transduction pathway

suppression by organism of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway

downregulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway

down regulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway

negative regulation by organism of defense-related host mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway

negative regulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway

down-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway

suppression by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway during the host innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


positive regulation by organism of defense-related host mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway

positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway

up regulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway

up-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway

positive regulation by organism of defense-related host MAPK-mediated signal transduction pathway

upregulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway

induction by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway during the host innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


activation by organism of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway


induction by organism of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway


upregulation by organism of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway


modulation of defense-related host MAPK-mediated signal transduction pathway by organism

modulation of defense-related host mitogen activated protein kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway by organism

modulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway

modulation by symbiont of host innate immune response MAPK kinase signaling

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway during the host innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


modulation of defense-related host SA-mediated signal transduction pathway by organism

modulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


modulation by symbiont of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway


down regulation by symbiont of host cell-mediated immune response

down-regulation by symbiont of host cell-mediated immune response

negative regulation by organism of host cell-based immune response

downregulation by symbiont of host cell-mediated immune response

suppression by symbiont of host cell-mediated immune response

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


modulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


down regulation by symbiont of host T-cell mediated immune response

down-regulation by symbiont of host T-cell mediated immune response

negative regulation by symbiont of host T-cell mediated immune response

downregulation by symbiont of host T-cell mediated immune response

suppression by symbiont of host T-cell mediated immune response

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the T-cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


downregulation by symbiont of host B-cell mediated immune response

down-regulation by symbiont of host B-cell mediated immune response

down regulation by symbiont of host B-cell mediated immune response

suppression by symbiont of host B-cell mediated immune response

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the B-cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


modulation by organism of host JA-mediated defense response


modulation by organism of host SA-mediated defense response

modulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the salicylic acid-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


modulation by symbiont of nutrient release from host

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


upregulation by symbiont of nutrient release from host

up regulation by symbiont of nutrient release from host

positive regulation by symbiont of nutrient release from host

up-regulation by symbiont of nutrient release from host

positive regulation of nutrient release by host

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


formation of specialized structure for nutrient acquisition from host

formation by organism of specialized structure for nutrient acquisition from host

formation by symbiont of specialized structure for nutrient acquisition from host

The assembly of a symbiotic cellular or anatomical structure for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


formation by symbiont of haustorium for nutrient acquisition from host

formation by organism of haustoria for nutrient acquisition from host

formation by organism of haustorium for nutrient acquisition from host

formation of haustorium for nutrient acquisition

The assembly of a haustorium, a projection from a symbiotic cell or tissue that penetrates the host's tissues for the purpose of obtaining nutrients. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


formation by symbiont of syncytium involving giant cell for nutrient acquisition from host

formation by organism of syncytium involving giant cell for nutrient acquisition from host

formation of syncytium involving giant cell for nutrient acquisition

The assembly of a syncytium, a multi-nucleate and physiologically active aggregation of fused root cells induced by a symbiotic nematode in a plant host. The syncytium exclusively provides the nematode with nourishment during its sedentary life, for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:pamgo_curators]


formation by host of specialized structure for nutrient acquisition from symbiont

The assembly by an organism of a cellular component or anatomical structure for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


acquisition by symbiont of nutrients from host via siderophores


up regulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway

upregulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway

positive regulation of defense-related host CDPK pathway by organism

up-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway

positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


activation by organism of induced systemic resistance in host

induction by symbiont of induced systemic resistance in host

induction by symbiont of host induced systemic resistance

Any process in which a symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of induced systemic resistance in the host organism; induced systemic resistance is a response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease and that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


activation by organism of systemic acquired resistance in host

induction by symbiont of systemic acquired resistance in host

induction by symbiont of host systemic acquired resistance

Any process in which a symbiont activates systemic acquired resistance in the host organism; systemic acquired resistance is a salicylic acid-mediated response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


occlusion by symbiont of host vascular system

The process in which an organism reduces the flow of fluid within its host's vascular system, the vessels and tissue that carry or circulate fluids, such as blood, lymph or sap, through the body of an animal or plant. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06, http://www.thefreedictionary.com]


modification by symbiont of host structure

The process in which an organism effects a change in an anatomical part or cellular component of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


The process in which an organism reduces the flow of fluid within the host xylem, the tissue in plants that carries water and nutrients up from the roots to the shoot and leaves. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of environmental oxygen. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of environmental oxygen. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


modulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death

modulation by symbiont of host apoptotic process

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host, where programmed cell death proceeds by apoptosis. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


upregulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death

up regulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death

activation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death

up-regulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death

activation by organism of host apoptosis

upregulation by symbiont of host apoptosis

up regulation by symbiont of host apoptosis

induction by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death

up-regulation by symbiont of host apoptosis

positive regulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death

positive regulation by symbiont of host apoptotic process

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host, where programmed cell death proceeds by apoptosis. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


modulation by symbiont of host non-apoptotic programmed cell death


positive regulation by symbiont of host non-apoptotic programmed cell death


regulation by organism of host B-cell mediated immune response

modulation by symbiont of host B-cell mediated immune response

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the B-cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


modulation by organism of host cell-based immune response

modulation by symbiont of host cell-mediated immune response

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any form of cell-based immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


modulation by symbiont of host T-cell mediated immune response

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the T-cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


modulation by organism of host gene-for-gene resistance

modulation by organism of pathogen-race/host plant cultivar-specific resistance in symbiont

modulation by organism of defense response in host by specific elicitors

modulation by symbiont of host resistance gene-dependent defense response

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


modulation by symbiont of induced systemic resistance in host

modulation by symbiont of host induced systemic resistance

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of induced systemic resistance in the host organism; induced systemic resistance is a response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease and that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


modulation by symbiont of systemic acquired resistance in host

modulation by symbiont of host systemic acquired resistance

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance in the host organism; systemic acquired resistance is a salicylic acid-mediated response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


modulation by organism of defense-related host Ca2+ flux

modulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion fluxes as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


evasion or tolerance by symbiont of host-produced nitric oxide

evasion or tolerance of NO produced by host in response to organism

evasion or tolerance by organism of host nitric oxide

evasion or tolerance by organism of host-produced nitric oxide

modulation by organism of defense-related host NO production

modulation by symbiont of defense-related host nitric oxide production

evasion or tolerance of nitric oxide produced by host in response to organism

evasion or tolerance by organism of host-produced NO

evasion or tolerance by organism of host NO

symbiont defense to host-produced nitric oxide

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the production of nitric oxide as part of the innate immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


evasion or tolerance of defense-related host respiratory burst

evasion or tolerance of host-produced active oxygen species

evasion or tolerance of defense-related host metabolic burst

modulation by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production

modulation by organism of defense-related host reactive oxidative species production

modulation by organism of defense-related host metabolic burst

modulation by organism of defense-related host ROS production

evasion or tolerance of host-produced reactive oxygen intermediates

modulation by organism of defense-related host AOS production

evasion or tolerance by symbiont of host-produced reactive oxygen species

evasion or tolerance by organism of reactive oxygen species produced during host defense response

evasion or tolerance of host-produced ROS

evasion or tolerance of host-produced ROIs

evasion or tolerance of host-produced AOS

modulation by organism of defense-related host respiratory burst

modulation by organism of defense-related host oxidative burst

evasion or tolerance of reactive oxygen species produced by host

modulation by organism of defense-related host active oxygen species production

modulation by organism of defense-related host reactive oxygen intermediate production

evasion or tolerance by organism of host-produced reactive oxygen species

evasion or tolerance of defense-related host oxidative burst

modulation by organism of defense-related host ROI production

symbiont defense to host-produced reactive oxygen species

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the production of reactive oxygen species as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


modulation by symbiont of host phytoalexin production


positive regulation by symbiont of host innate immune response


modulation of host innate immune response

modulation by symbiont of host innate immunity

modulation by symbiont of host innate immune response

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of the host organism; the innate immune response is the host's first line of defense against infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


modulation by organism of defense-related host CDPK pathway

modulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host calcium-dependent protein kinase signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


negative regulation by symbiont of host innate immunity

negative regulation by symbiont of host innate immune response

down-regulation by symbiont of host innate immunity

negative regulation of host innate immune response

downregulation by symbiont of host innate immunity

down regulation by symbiont of host innate immunity

suppression by symbiont of host innate immune response

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of the host organism, the host's first line of defense against infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


response to defenses of other organism during symbiotic interaction


modification by host of symbiont structure

The process in which an organism effects a change in an anatomical part or cellular component of the host organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


modification by host of symbiont cellular component

The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a symbiont cellular component. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the defenses of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the defenses of a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


induction by organism of defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


negative regulation by organism of defense-related salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


negative regulation by organism of salicylic acid-mediated defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


negative regulation by organism of ethylene-mediated defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


negative regulation by organism of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-induced innate immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


suppression of defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


induction by organism of defense-related nitric oxide production in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


induction by organism of defense-related reactive oxygen species production in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


induction by organism of defense-related calcium ion flux in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


negative regulation by organism of jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


negative regulation by organism of defense-related jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


positive regulation by organism of defense-related jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


positive regulation by organism of salicylic acid-mediated defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


positive regulation by organism of jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


negative regulation by organism of defense-related MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


positive regulation by organism of defense-related MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


modulation by organism of defense-related MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


modulation by organism of jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


modulation by organism of salicylic acid-mediated defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


induction by organism of systemic acquired resistance in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


modulation by organism of B-cell mediated immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


modulation by organism of defense-related calcium ion flux in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


modulation by organism of defense-related reactive oxygen species production in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


positive regulation of innate immune response in other organism


modulation by organism of innate immune response in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


modulation by organism of defense-related calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


negative regulation of innate immune response in other organism


The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response. [Wikipedia:Phytoalexin]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response. [Wikipedia:Phytoalexin]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving camalexin, an indole phytoalexin. [GOC:ai]


regulation of phytoalexin metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response. [GOC:ai]


regulation of phytoalexin biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin biosynthesis, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins. [GOC:ai]


positive regulation of phytoalexin metabolism


downregulation of phytoalexin metabolism

down-regulation of phytoalexin metabolism

negative regulation of phytoalexin metabolism

down regulation of phytoalexin metabolism

negative regulation of phytoalexin metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoalexins. [GOC:ai]


upregulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis

positive regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis

up regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis

up-regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis

positive regulation of phytoalexin biosynthetic process

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin biosynthesis, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


down regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis

negative regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis

down-regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis

downregulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis

negative regulation of phytoalexin biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin biosynthesis, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins. [GOC:ai]


plant-type cell wall cellulose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall. [GOC:ai]


cellulose biosynthesis during cell wall biosynthesis


pectin biosynthesis during cell wall organization and biogenesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall. [GOC:ai]


modification by host of symbiont cytoskeleton

The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the symbiont cytoskeleton. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


metabolism of symbiont cell wall by organism

modification by host of symbiont cell wall

The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the symbiont cell wall. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [ISBN:0198547684]


modification by host of symbiont cell membrane

modification by host of symbiont membrane

The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a symbiont cellular membrane. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


degradation of symbiont cell wall by organism

catabolism of symbiont cell wall by organism

disassembly by host of symbiont cell wall

disruption by host of symbiont cell wall

The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of the symbiont cell wall. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [ISBN:0198547684]


upregulation by symbiont of host phytoalexin production

up regulation by symbiont of host phytoalexin production

up-regulation by symbiont of host phytoalexin production

positive regulation by symbiont of host phytoalexin production

Any process in which a symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the production of phytoalexins as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host nitric oxide production


positive regulation by organism of defense-related reactive oxygen species production in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


disassembly by host of symbiont cellular component

catabolism of symbiont cellular component by organism

degradation of symbiont cellular component by organism

catabolism of symbiont structural constituent by organism

disruption by host of symbiont cellular component

The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of cellular components of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [ISBN:0198547684]


positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production


modulation by organism of entry into other organism during symbiotic interaction


modulation by symbiont of entry into host

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into the host organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


negative regulation by organism of entry into other organism during symbiotic interaction


modulation by symbiont of entry into host via phagocytosis


evasion or tolerance by organism of reactive oxygen species produced by other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


A type of cell wall modification in which the cell wall is reinforced and made thicker. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux


activation by organism of host innate immune response

upregulation by symbiont of host innate immunity

induction by symbiont of host innate immunity

activation by symbiont of host innate immunity

activation by organism of host innate immunity

induction by symbiont of host innate immune response

The activation by a symbiont of the innate immune response of the host organism; the innate immune response is the host's first line of defense against infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


induction by organism of host innate immune response


activation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux

activation by organism of host Ca2+ flux

activation by organism of host calcium ion flux

induction by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux

The activation by an organism of a flux of calcium ions that occurs as part of the defense response of a host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


down regulation by host of symbiont enzyme activity

negative regulation by host of symbiont enzyme activity

down-regulation by host of symbiont enzyme activity

downregulation by host of symbiont enzyme activity

negative regulation by host of symbiont catalytic activity

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont enzyme activity. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


modulation by host of symbiont molecular function


modulation by host of symbiont RNA levels

The alteration by an organism of the levels of RNA in a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


modulation by organism of defense-related jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


modulation by organism of defense-related salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


modulation by host of nutrient release from symbiont

modulation of nutrient release by symbiont

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


modulation by host of symbiont transcription

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont's transcription. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


cell wall thickening during defense response

defense response by cell wall thickening

A type of cell wall modification, in which the cell wall is reinforced and made thicker, that occurs as part of the defense response of an organism. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


inhibition of symbiont programmed cell death

downregulation by host of symbiont programmed cell death

down regulation by host of symbiont programmed cell death

down-regulation by host of symbiont programmed cell death

negative regulation by host of symbiont programmed cell death

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


occlusion by host of symbiont vascular system

The process in which an organism reduces the flow of fluid within its symbiont's vascular system, the vessels and tissue that carry or circulate fluids, such as blood, lymph or sap, through the body of an animal or plant. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06, http://www.thefreedictionary.com]


The process in which an organism reduces the flow of fluid within the symbiont xylem, the tissue in plants that carries water and nutrients up from the roots to the shoot and leaves. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


positive regulation by symbiont of host defense response


positive regulation by organism of hormone or growth regulator levels in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


upregulation by host of nutrient release from symbiont

positive regulation by host of nutrient release from symbiont

promotion of nutrient release from symbiont

up-regulation by host of nutrient release from symbiont

up regulation by host of nutrient release from symbiont

positive regulation of nutrient release by symbiont

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


positive regulation by symbiont of host resistance gene-dependent defense response


positive regulation by symbiont of host induced systemic resistance

positive regulation by symbiont of induced systemic resistance in host


positive regulation by symbiont of host systemic acquired resistance

positive regulation by symbiont of systemic acquired resistance in host


cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall cellulose metabolic process

plant-type cell wall cellulose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


callose localization during defense response

callose deposition during defense response

Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location during the defense response. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


callose localization in cell wall
cell wall callose localization
cell wall callose deposition

Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, the cell wall. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


cell wall callose deposition during defense response

callose deposition in cell wall during defense response

cell wall callose localization during defense response

callose localization in cell wall during defense response

defense response by callose deposition in cell wall

Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, the cell wall during the defense response. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06, PMID:18397379]


plant-type cell wall pectin metabolic process

pectin metabolism during cell wall biogenesis

cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall pectin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall. [GOC:ai]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins. [GOC:ai]


Binds to and modulates the activity of a peptidase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis peptide bonds. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


modulation by symbiont of host immune response

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response of the host organism; the immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


positive regulation by symbiont of host immune response


upregulation by symbiont of host immune response

activation by symbiont of host immune response

induction by symbiont of host immune response

Any process in which a symbiont activates the immune response of the host organism; the immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


downregulation by symbiont of host immune response

negative regulation by symbiont of host immune response

down regulation by symbiont of host immune response

down-regulation by symbiont of host immune response

suppression by symbiont of host immune response

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response of the host organism; the immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


response to defense-related host nitric oxide production


response to defense-related host reactive oxygen species production


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


muscle fiber development
myofiber development
myofibre development
muscle fibre development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle cell development does not include the steps involved in committing an unspecified cell to the muscle cell fate. [CL:0000187, GOC:devbiol]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle cells contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle. [CL:0000737, GOC:devbiol]


cardiac myofibril morphogenesis
cardiac myofibril development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells. [GOC:devbiol]


atrial heart myofibril development
atrial cardiac myofibril development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the atrial cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells. [GOC:devbiol]


ventricular cardiac myofibril development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventricular cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells. [GOC:devbiol]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. A cardiac cell is a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual. [GOC:devbiol]


cardiomyocyte differentiation
heart muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a cardiac muscle precursor cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. [GOC:devbiol, GOC:mtg_heart]


atrial heart muscle cell differentiation

atrial cardiac muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell in the atrium. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The atrium is the part of the heart that receives blood into the organ. [GOC:devbiol, GOC:mtg_heart]


ventricular heart muscle cell differentiation

ventricular cardiac muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ. [GOC:devbiol, GOC:mtg_heart]


heart muscle cell development
cardiac muscle fiber development
cardiac muscle fibre development
cardiomyocyte cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. [GOC:devbiol, GOC:mtg_heart]


atrial cardiomyocyte development
atrial heart muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an atrial cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The atrium is the part of the heart that receives blood into the organ. [GOC:devbiol]


ventricular heart muscle cell development

ventricular cardiac muscle cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ. [GOC:devbiol, GOC:mtg_muscle]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hypochord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hypochord is a transient rod-like structure in the embryos of fish, lampreys and amphibians that is located immediately ventral to the notochord. The hypochord may play a role in positioning the dorsal aorta. [GOC:devbiol, GOC:lb]


regulation of cardiac muscle fibre development

regulation of heart muscle fiber development

regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development. [GOC:vk]


downregulation of cardiac muscle fiber development

down regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development

negative regulation of cardiac muscle fibre development

down-regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development

negative regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development. [GOC:vk]


upregulation of cardiac muscle fiber development

positive regulation of cardiac muscle fibre development

up-regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development

positive regulation of heart muscle fiber development

up regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development

positive regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development. [GOC:vk]


regulation of cardiac muscle tissue growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth. [GOC:vk]


minus-end directed actin-filament motor activity

minus-end directed actin filament motor activity

pointed-end directed actin-filament motor activity

minus-end directed microfilament motor activity

A motor activity that generates movement along a microfilament towards the minus end, driven by ATP hydrolysis. The minus end of an actin filament is the end that does not preferentially add actin monomers. [GOC:dph, PMID:10519557]


barbed-end directed actin-filament motor activity

plus-end directed actin-filament motor activity

plus-end directed actin filament motor activity

plus-end directed microfilament motor activity

A motor activity that generates movement along a microfilament towards the plus end, driven by ATP hydrolysis. The minus end of an actin filament is the end that does not preferentially add actin monomers. [GOC:dph, PMID:10519557]


The directed movement of copper ions out of a cell or organelle. [GOC:dph]


A vestibular reflex by which a response to an angular acceleration stimulus begins with an afferent nerve impulse from a receptor in the semi-circular canal and ends with the compensatory action of eye muscles. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness. [GOC:dph, PMID:11784757]


A vestibular reflex by which a response to a linear acceleration stimulus begins with an afferent nerve impulse from a receptor in the otolith and ends with the compensatory action of eye muscles. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness. [GOC:dph, PMID:11784757]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Sertoli cell. A Sertoli cell is a supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules. [GOC:dph]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a Sertoli cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a Sertoli cell fate. [GOC:dph]


The process in which the cellular identity of Sertoli cells is acquired and determined. [GOC:dph]


The multiplication or reproduction of Sertoli cells, resulting in the expansion of the Sertoli cell population. A Sertoli cell is a supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules. [GOC:dph]


The vesicular release of glycine from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of glycine receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse. [GOC:dos]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a granulosa cell, a supporting cell for the developing female gamete in the ovary of mammals. [GOC:dph]


The cell fate commitment of precursor cells that will become granulosa cells. [GOC:dph]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a granulosa cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a granulosa cell fate. [GOC:dph]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the parathyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The parathyroid gland is an organ specialised for secretion of parathyroid hormone. [GOC:dph, ISBN:0721662544]


The commitment of a cells to a specific astrocyte fate and its restriction to develop only into an astrocyte. [GOC:dph]


The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to radial glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the brain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. [GOC:dph]


The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to Brgmann glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the cerebellum. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. [GOC:dph, PMID:10375501]


The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the roof of the mouth from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure. The roof of the mouth is the partition that separates the nasal and oral cavities. [GOC:dph, ISBN:0721662544]


The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hard palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. The hard palate is the anterior portion of the palate consisting of bone and mucous membranes. [GOC:dph, ISBN:0721662544]


velum palatum development
palatum molle development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the soft palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. The soft palate is the posterior portion of the palate extending from the posterior edge of the hard palate. [GOC:dph, ISBN:0721662544]


Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous synaptic inputs in a neural circuit. [GOC:dph]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic activity, the controlled release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft and their subsequent detection by a postsynaptic cell. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis. [GOC:dgf, GOC:dph, PMID:12062082]


convergent extension involved in gastrulation

The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis usually resulting in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. [GOC:dph, PMID:12062082]


convergent extension involved in axis elongation

The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis contributing to the lengthening of the axis of an organism. [GOC:dph, PMID:12062082]


convergent extension involved in organogenesis

The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis contribution to the shaping of an organ. [GOC:dph, PMID:12062082]


The directed migration of individual cells and small groups of cells toward the dorsal midline during gastrulation. This process does not require cell rearrangement. [GOC:dgf, GOC:dph, PMID:12062082]


The interdigitation of cells along the mediolateral axis during gastrulation. [GOC:dgf, GOC:dph, PMID:12062082]


The developmental process in which the stucture of the notochord is destroyed in an embryo. [GOC:dph]


The developmental process in which an anatomical stucture is destroyed as a part of its normal progression. [GOC:dph]


The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features cells that make up the notochord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a notochord cell fate. [GOC:dph]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a notochord cell over time, from its formation to its mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. [GOC:dph]


The assembly and arrangement of a vacuole within a cell of the notochord. [GOC:cb, GOC:dph, PMID:10964477]


The pattern specification process in which the polarity of a body or organ axis is established and maintained. [GOC:mah]


intracellular protein transport across a membrane

intracellular membrane translocation of a protein

intracellular protein membrane transport

intracellular protein transmembrane transport

The directed movement of proteins in a cell, from one side of a membrane to another by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:isa_complete]


The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and DNA molecules to form a protein-DNA complex. [GOC:jl]


The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and lipids to form a protein-lipid complex. [GOC:jl]


regulation of biological attribute
regulation of biological characteristic

Any process that modulates a qualitative or quantitative trait of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mah, GOC:pr, GOC:vw]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. [GOC:isa_complete]


Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring outside the cell. [GOC:isa_complete]


deubiquitinase activity
ubiquitinyl hydrolase activity

An isopeptidase activity that cleaves ubiquitin from a target protein to which it is conjugated. [GOC:mec, PMID:30783221]


PLC activating metabotropic glutamate receptor activity

phospholipase C activating metabotropic glutamate receptor activity

PLC activating G-protein coupled glutamate receptor activity

PLC activating G protein-coupled glutamate receptor activity

A G protein-coupled receptor that binds glutamate and is linked to the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate/calcium signaling system. [PMID:9016303]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural plate over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neural plate is a flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells. The underlying dorsal mesoderm signals the ectodermal cells above it to elongate into columnar neural plate cells. The neural plate subsequently develops into the neural tube, which gives rise to the central nervous system. [GOC:dph, GOC:ef, ISBN:0878932437, ISBN:0878932585]


The killing by an organism of a cell in its host organism by means of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:add]


regulation by symbiont of cytolysis of host cells

regulation of cytolysis by symbiont of host cells

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cytolysis by that organism of cells in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:add, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


downregulation by symbiont of cytolysis of host cells

down regulation by symbiont of cytolysis of host cells

negative regulation by symbiont of cytolysis of host cells

down-regulation by symbiont of cytolysis of host cells

negative regulation of cytolysis by symbiont of host cells

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis by that organism of cells in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:add, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


upregulation by symbiont of cytolysis of host cells

positive regulation by symbiont of cytolysis of host cells

up regulation by symbiont of cytolysis of host cells

up-regulation by symbiont of cytolysis of host cells

positive regulation of cytolysis by symbiont of host cells

Any process in which an organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis by that organism of cells in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:add, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process mediated by an organism that results in the death of cells in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:add]


non-selenium glutathione peroxidase activity


serine-pyruvate aminotransferase, type 1


serine-pyruvate aminotransferase, type 2A


serine-pyruvate aminotransferase, type 2B


Catalysis of the formation of aminoacyl-tRNA from ATP, amino acid, and tRNA with the release of diphosphate and AMP. [ISBN:0198506732]


Binding to a member of the death receptor (DR) family. The DR family falls within the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and is characterized by a cytoplasmic region of ~80 residues termed the death domain (DD). [GOC:ceb, GOC:rl, PMID:15654015]


neutral amino acid:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: neutral amino acid(out) + Na+(out) = neutral amino acid(in) + Na+(in). [TC:2.A.23.3.1]


sodium/chloride-dependent GABA transporter activity


general alpha-glucoside transporter activity


low-affinity glucose-sodium cotransporter activity

low-affinity glucose:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + Na+(out) = glucose(in) + Na+(in). In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations. [TC:2.A.21.3.-]


laminin-111 complex
laminin-111 complex location
laminin-1 complex location

A laminin complex composed of alpha1, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains. [GOC:jl, PMID:10842354]


laminin-211 complex location
laminin-211 complex
laminin-2 complex location

A laminin complex composed of alpha2, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains. [GOC:jl, PMID:10842354]


laminin-5A complex location
laminin-3A32 complex
laminin-3A32 complex location
laminin-5A complex
laminin-5 complex location

A laminin complex composed of alpha3, beta3 and gamma2 polypeptide chains. [GOC:jl, PMID:10842354]


laminin-6 complex location
laminin-6A complex location
laminin-311 complex location
laminin-311 complex
laminin-6A complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha3, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains. [GOC:jl, PMID:10842354]


A laminin complex composed of alpha3, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains. [GOC:jl, PMID:10842354]


A filament of myosin found in a muscle cell of any type. [GOC:mah]


regulation of glucose biosynthetic process


OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete). [GOC:go_curators]


DNA biosynthesis
DNA biosynthetic process
DNA anabolism
DNA synthesis

The biosynthetic process resulting in the formation of DNA. [GOC:mah]


nuclear pre-replicative complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the nuclear pre-replicative complex, a protein-DNA complex that forms at the eukaryotic DNA replication origin and is required for replication initiation. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle]

pre-replicative complex assembly involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication


DNA transposition
Class II transposition

Any process involved in a type of transpositional recombination which occurs via a DNA intermediate. [GOC:jp, ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:1555812090]


coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolic process

OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzymes and prosthetic groups. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of asparagine, alpha-aminosuccinamic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]


noradrenaline-adrenalin catabolic process in blood stream

norepinephrine-epinephrine catabolic process in blood stream

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of norepinephrine or epinephrine in the bloodstream. [GOC:hjd]


down regulation of L-glutamate transport

down-regulation of L-glutamate transport

negative regulation of L-glutamate transport


upregulation of L-glutamate transport
up regulation of L-glutamate import
up-regulation of L-glutamate import
upregulation of L-glutamate import
up-regulation of L-glutamate transport


Binding to one of the p53 family of proteins. [GOC:hjd]


The extension of new blood vessels from existing vessels into avascular tissues, this process includes the specialization of endothelial cells into leading tip and stalk cells, proliferation and migration of the endothelial cells and cell adhesion resulting in angiogenic sprout fusion or lumen formation. [PMID:16391003, PMID:23031691]


The formation of new blood vessels as a result of the insertion and extension of lumenal tissue pillars. [PMID:16391003]


blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation during sprouting angiogenesis


Binding to an opsin, any of a group of hydrophobic, integral membrane glycoproteins located primarily in the disc membrane of rods or cones, involved in photoreception. [GOC:hjd]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenazine antibiotic, a polycyclic pyrazine with two nitrogen atoms in the ring. [GOC:dph]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving the siderochrome pyoverdine. [PMID:15317763]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the siderochrome pyoverdine. [PMID:15317763]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the siderochrome pyoverdine. [PMID:15317763]


The commitment of mesenchymal cells to the specific cell fate of an osteoblast. An osteoblast is a bone-forming cell which secretes an extracellular matrix. Hydroxyapatite crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone. [GOC:dph]


upregulation of neuroblast proliferation

up regulation of neuroblast proliferation

up-regulation of neuroblast proliferation

positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate of neuroblast proliferation. [GOC:dph]


up regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation

upregulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation

up-regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation

positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation

The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells. [GOC:dph]


Binding to a nucleobase, any of a class of pyrmidines or purines, organic nitrogenous bases. [GOC:hjd]


Binding to adenine, a purine base. [GOC:hjd]


The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage. [GOC:dph]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate. [GOC:dph]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. [GOC:dph]


columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. [GOC:dph]


columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. [GOC:dph]


glandular epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glandular epithelial cell. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland. [GOC:dph]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glandular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland. [GOC:dph]


columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell maturation

The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a columna/cuboidal epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. [GOC:dph]


The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. [GOC:dph]


The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a glandular epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland. [GOC:dph]


optic cup morphogenesis involved in camera-style eye development

optic cup morphogenesis involved in camera-type eye development

The invagination of the optic vesicle to form two-walled indentations, the optic cups, that will go on to form the retina. This process begins with the optic vesicle becoming a two-walled structure and its subsequent shape changes. It does not include the fate commitment of cells to become the pigmented retina and the neural retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:sdb_2009, GOC:tb, ISBN:0878932437]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_muscle, GOC:mtg_sensu, MA:0001271, PMID:16638982]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an osteoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Osteoblast development does not include the steps involved in committing a cranial neural crest cell or an osteoprogenitor cell to an osteoblast fate. An osteoblast is a cell that gives rise to bone. [GOC:dph]


The proteolytic digestion of components in the acrosomal matrix that occurs as part of the acrosome reaction. The process can occur either in the cumulus oophorous facilitating the penetration of it by the sperm, or at the zona pellucida allowing the sperm to reach the plasma membrane of the egg where the inner acrosomal membrane of the sperm can interact with the egg plasma membrane. [GOC:dph, PMID:3886029]


membrane fusion involved in the acrosomal reaction

membrane fusion involved in acrosome reaction

The fusion of the plasma membrane of the sperm with the outer acrosomal membrane. [GOC:dph, PMID:3886029]


The acrosomal membrane region that underlies the acrosomal vesicle and is located toward the sperm nucleus. This region is responsible for molecular interactions allowing the sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida and fuses with the egg plasma membrane. [GOC:dph, PMID:3899643, PMID:8936405]


The membrane that surrounds the acrosomal lumen. The acrosome is a special type of lysosome in the head of a spermatozoon that contains acid hydrolases and is concerned with the breakdown of the outer membrane of the ovum during fertilization. [GOC:dph]


The acrosomal membrane region that underlies the plasma membrane of the sperm. This membrane fuses with the sperm plasma membrane as part of the acrosome reaction. [GOC:dph, PMID:8936405]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP that accompanies the oxidation of a metabolite through the operation of the respiratory chain. Oxidation of compounds establishes a proton gradient across the membrane, providing the energy for ATP synthesis. [GOC:dph]


Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate + 4-hydroxybenzoate = 3-decaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate + diphosphate. [MetaCyc:RXN-9230]


The removal of palymitoyl groups from a lipoprotein. [GOC:hjd]


negative regulation of neural plate formation

repression of premature neural plate formation


A process in which force is generated within involuntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the diaphragm. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The diaphragm is a striated muscle that is necessary for the process of respiratory gaseous exchange. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_muscle, PMID:12458206]


regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by neurological system process

regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by nervous system process

A process carried out by the nervous system that is required for the proper control of respiratory gaseous exchange. This process occurs in the respiratory center of the brain in vertebrates. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, PMID:12458206]


lens development in camera-style eye
lens development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lens over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. [GOC:dph, ISBN:0582064333]


lens morphogenesis
lens morphogenesis in camera-style eye

The process in which the anatomical structures of the lens are generated and organized. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_sensu]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor internalization. [GOC:hjd]


down-regulation of receptor internalization

downregulation of receptor internalization

down regulation of receptor internalization

negative regulation of receptor internalization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor internalization. [GOC:hjd]


up-regulation of receptor internalization

up regulation of receptor internalization

upregulation of receptor internalization

positive regulation of receptor internalization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor internalization. [GOC:hjd]


Any process that alters the size or shape of an auditory receptor cell. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Catalysis of the transfer of multiple prenyl groups from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). [GOC:hjd]


caveolar macromolecular signaling complex location

caveolar macromolecular signalling complex location

A complex composed of proteins required for beta adrenergic receptor activation of protein kinase A. It includes the Cav 12. subunit of L-type calcium channel, protein kinase A regulatory subunit 2(PKAR2), adenyl cyclase, beta-adrenergic receptor, G-alpha-S, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and caveolin 3 (CAV3). [PMID:16648270]


A punctate, filamentous structure composed of Bcl10 that appears in the cytoplasm of T-cells shortly after T-cell receptor stimulation. Polkadots stands for Punctate Oligomeric Killing and Activating DOmains Transducing Signals. [PMID:14724296, PMID:16495340]


The process in which the nucleotide at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified. [GOC:hjd, ISBN:155581073X]


The process in which a uridine in position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified. [GOC:hjd, ISBN:155581073X]


The process in which a guanine in t position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified. [GOC:hjd, ISBN:155581073X]


tRNA wobble adenosine to inosine editing

The process in which an adenosine in position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally converted to inosine. [GOC:hjd, ISBN:155581073X]


The process in which a cytosine in position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified. [GOC:hjd, ISBN:155581073X]


somatic diversification of immune receptors

The somatic process allowing for the production of immune receptors whose specificity is not encoded in the germline genomic sequences. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:16102575, PMID:16166509]


somatic diversification of DSCAM-based immune receptors

The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of the DSCAM-based immune receptors of insects. [GOC:add, PMID:16261174]


somatic diversification of variable lymphocyte receptors of jawless fish

The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of the variable lymphocyte receptors (VLR) of jawless fish. [GOC:add, PMID:16373579]


proteolysis by cytosolic proteases associated with antigen processing and presentation

The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by cytosolic resident proteases during antigen processing and presentation. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15224092, PMID:15771591]


somatic recombination of immunoglobulin genes during immune response

somatic recombination of antibody genes during immune response


somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes during immune response

somatic hypermutation of antibody genes during immune response


The somatic process in which immunoglobulin genes are diversified through the mechanism of gene conversion. [GOC:add, PMID:14991701]


gene conversion of immunoglobulin genes during immune response

gene conversion of antibody genes during immune response


somatic diversification of immunoglobulins during immune response

somatic diversification of antibodies during immune response


A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat to that organism. [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:add]


A behavioral response resulting from wounding. [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:add]


A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat from an insect or insects to that organism. [GOC:add]


behavioural defense response to nematode

A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat from a nematode or nematodes to that organism. [GOC:add, PMID:14506883]