down regulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death

downregulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death

down-regulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death

negative regulation by symbiont of host apoptotic process

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host, where programmed cell death proceeds by apoptosis. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:pamgo_curators]


inhibition by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of NAD kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to an NAD molecule. [GOC:mah]


down-regulation of NAD+ kinase activity
down regulation of NAD+ kinase activity
downregulation of NAD+ kinase activity

negative regulation of NAD+ kinase activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of NAD kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to an NAD molecule. [GOC:mah]


upregulation of NAD+ kinase activity
up-regulation of NAD+ kinase activity
up regulation of NAD+ kinase activity

positive regulation of NAD+ kinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NAD kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to an NAD molecule. [GOC:mah]


downregulation of kinase activity
down regulation of kinase activity
down-regulation of kinase activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. [GOC:mah]


up-regulation of kinase activity
upregulation of kinase activity
up regulation of kinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. [GOC:mah]


A membrane-bounded vesicle found near the apical, or pericanalicular, membrane of a hepatocyte; contains proteins involved in bile salt transport and other fluid and solute transport processes. [PMID:15763347, PMID:9790571]


Unwinding of a DNA/RNA duplex, i.e. a double helix in which a strand of DNA pairs with a complementary strand of RNA, driven by ATP hydrolysis. [GOC:mah]


ATP-dependent 5'-3' DNA/RNA helicase activity

ATP-dependent 5' to 3' DNA/RNA helicase activity

Unwinding of a DNA/RNA duplex in the 5' to 3' direction, driven by ATP hydrolysis. [GOC:mah]


ATP-dependent 3'-5' DNA/RNA helicase activity

ATP-dependent 3' to 5' DNA/RNA helicase activity

Unwinding of a DNA/RNA duplex in the 3' to 5' direction, driven by ATP hydrolysis. [GOC:mah]


nucleic acid cleavage involved in nucleotide-excision repair

DNA incision involved in nucleotide-excision repair

nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision

A process that results in the endonucleolytic cleavage of the damaged strand of DNA. The incision occurs at the junction of single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA that is formed when the DNA duplex is unwound. [GOC:elh, PMID:8631896]


regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of luteinizing hormone. [GOC:mah]


down regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion

down-regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion

downregulation of luteinizing hormone secretion

negative regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of luteinizing hormone. [GOC:mah]


inhibition of luteinizing hormone secretion


upregulation of luteinizing hormone secretion

up regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion

up-regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion

positive regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of luteinizing hormone. [GOC:mah]


activation of luteinizing hormone secretion


stimulation of luteinizing hormone secretion


The multiplication or reproduction of osteoblasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoblast cell population. An osteoblast is a bone-forming cell which secretes an extracellular matrix. Hydroxyapatite crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone. [GOC:mah]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation. [GOC:mah]


downregulation of osteoblast proliferation

down regulation of osteoblast proliferation

down-regulation of osteoblast proliferation

negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation. [GOC:mah]


up-regulation of osteoblast proliferation

upregulation of osteoblast proliferation

up regulation of osteoblast proliferation

positive regulation of osteoblast proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation. [GOC:mah]


Binding to a sialic acid, a N- or O- substituted derivative of neuraminic acid, a nine carbon monosaccharide. Sialic acids often occur in polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. [GOC:add, ISBN:9780721601465]


cellular glycan biosynthetic process
cellular polysaccharide synthesis
cellular polysaccharide formation
cellular glycan biosynthesis
cellular polysaccharide biosynthesis
cellular polysaccharide anabolism

cellular polysaccharide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides, polymers of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically, occurring at the level of an individual cell. [GOC:go_curators]


The assembly of neurofilaments into bundles, in which the filaments are longitudinally oriented, with numerous crossbridges between them. Neurofilament bundles may be cross-linked to each other, to membrane-bounded organelles or other cytoskeletal structures such as microtubules. [PMID:11034913, PMID:11264295]


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein. [GOC:jl]


oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups, quinone or similar compound as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or similar acceptor molecule. [EC:1.17.5.-, GOC:mah]


negative regulation of extent of heterochromatin formation

negative regulation of extent of heterochromatin assembly


maintenance of heterochromatin boundaries


negative regulation of heterochromatin spreading


Clr6 histone deacetylase complex I/I' location

A histone deacetylase complex which deacetylates histones preferentially in promoter regions. Composed of a catalytic histone deacetylase subunit, an Sds-3 family protein, a SIN3 family co-repressor, a WD repeat protein, and a zf- PHD finger (Clr6, Sds3, Pst1, Prw1, Png2 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe; Rpd3p, Sin3p, Ume1p, Pho23p, Sap30p, Sds3p, Cti6p, Rxt2p, Rxt3p, Dep1p, Ume6p and Ash1p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [GOC:vw, PMID:17450151]


DNA 5'-adenosine monophosphate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-AMP-DNA + H2O = AMP + DNA; nucleophilic release of a covalently linked adenylate residue from a DNA strand, leaving a 5' phosphate terminus. [GOC:mah, PMID:16547001, PMID:17276982]


The directed movement of a phospholipid out of a cell or organelle. [GOC:mah]


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-D-galactose + 2 NADP+ + H2O = dTDP-D-galacturonate + 2 NADPH + 2 H+. [EC:1.1.1.186]


Catalysis of the reaction: (1R,5S)-carveol + NAD(+) = (S)-carvone + H(+) + NADH. [EC:1.1.1.275, RHEA:14825]


3beta-hydroxysteroid 5beta-progesterone oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3beta-hydroxy-5beta-pregnane-20-one + NADP(+) = 5beta-pregnan-3,20-dione + H(+) + NADPH. [EC:1.1.1.277, RHEA:22944]


Catalysis of the reaction: 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnane-20-one + NADP(+) = 5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione + H(+) + NADPH. [EC:1.1.1.278, RHEA:18137]


GDP-6-deoxy-D-mannose:NAD(P)+ 4-oxidoreductase (D-rhamnose-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)+ = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)H + H+. [EC:1.1.1.281]


2'-deoxymugineic acid:NAD(P)+ 3''-oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxymugineic acid + NAD(P)+ = 3''-deamino-3''-oxonicotianamine + NAD(P)H + H+. [EC:1.1.1.285]


isocitrate(homoisocitrate):NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reactions: isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH, and (1R,2S)-1-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate + NAD+ = 2-oxoadipate + CO2 + NADH + H+. [EC:1.1.1.286]


D-arabinitol dehydrogenase, D-xylulose forming (NADP+) activity

D-arabinitol dehydrogenase, D-ribulose forming (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinitol + NADP+ = D-xylulose + NADPH + H+. [EC:1.1.1.287]


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-phospho-D-erythronate + NAD(+) = (R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-phosphonooxybutanoate + H(+) + NADH. [EC:1.1.1.290, RHEA:18829]


Catalysis of the reaction: choline + O2 = betaine aldehyde + hydrogen peroxide. [EC:1.1.3.17, RHEA:13505]


Catalysis of the reactions: inosine + O2 = 9-riburonosylhypoxanthine + 2 H2O; (1a) 2 inosine + O2 = 2 5'-dehydroinosine + 2 H2O, and (1b) 2 5'-dehydroinosine + O2 = 2 9-riburonosylhypoxanthine + 2 H2O. [EC:1.1.3.28, RHEA:28651]


nucleoside:oxygen 5'-oxidoreductase (hydrogen peroxide-forming) activity

nucleoside oxidase (hydrogen peroxide-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reactions: adenosine + 2 O2 = 9-riburonosyladenine + 2 hydrogen peroxide. [EC:1.1.3.39, RHEA:15489]


D-gluconate dehydrogenase, 2-keto-D-gluconate-yielding activity

gluconate 2-dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-gluconate + acceptor = 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + reduced acceptor. [EC:1.1.99.3]


NADP-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O = an acid + NADPH + H+. [EC:1.2.1.4]


malonic semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxopropanoate + NAD(P)+ + H2O = malonate + NAD(P)H + H+. [EC:1.2.1.15]


Catalysis of the reaction: fluoroacetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = fluoroacetate + NADH + 2 H+. [EC:1.2.1.69]


tungsten-containing aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + H2O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = an acid + 2 H+ + 2 reduced ferredoxin. [EC:1.2.7.5]


aldehyde:acceptor oxidoreductase (FAD-independent) activity

aldehyde dehydrogenase (FAD-independent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + H2O + acceptor = a carboxylate + reduced acceptor. [EC:1.2.99.7]


[4-vinyl]chlorophyllide a reductase activity

divinyl chlorophyllide a 8-vinyl-reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chlorophyllide a + NADP+ = divinyl chlorophyllide a + NADPH + H+. [EC:1.3.1.75]


Catalysis of the reaction: a flavan-3-ol + 2 NAD(P)+ = an anthocyanidin + 2 NAD(P)H + H+. [EC:1.3.1.77]


L-arogenate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) activity

arogenate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arogenate + NADP+ = L-tyrosine + NADPH + CO2. [EC:1.3.1.78]


L-arogenate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) activity

arogenate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arogenate + NAD(P)+ = L-tyrosine + NAD(P)H + CO2. [EC:1.3.1.79]


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + 3 O(2) = 2 H(2)O + 2 H(2)O(2) + H(+) + pyrroloquinoline quinone. [EC:1.3.3.11, RHEA:10692]


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-benzylsuccinyl-CoA + 2 electron-transferring flavoprotein = (E)-2-benzylidenesuccinyl-CoA + 2 reduced electron-transferring flavoprotein. [EC:1.3.8.3]


L-aspartate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (deaminating) activity

NADP+-dependent aspartate dehydrogenase activity

NAD-dependent aspartate dehydrogenase activity

NADH2-dependent aspartate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + H2O + NAD(P)+ = oxaloacetate + NH3 + NAD(P)H + H+. [EC:1.4.1.21]


L-lysine:oxygen 6-oxidoreductase (deaminating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + H(2)O + O(2) = allysine + H(2)O(2) + NH(4)(+). [EC:1.4.3.20, RHEA:22548]


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-pyrroline + NAD+ + 2 H2O = 4-aminobutanoate + NADH + 2 H+. [MetaCyc:1.5.1.35-RXN]


methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (ferredoxin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate + oxidized ferredoxin = 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + reduced ferredoxin. [EC:1.5.7.1]


Catalysis of the reaction: 7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine + 2 NADP(+) = 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine + 3 H(+) + 2 NADPH. [EC:1.7.1.13, RHEA:13409]


Catalysis of the reactions: hydroxylamine + NH3 = hydrazine + H2O, and hydrazine + acceptor = N2 + reduced acceptor. [EC:1.7.2.8]


AMP,sulfite:oxidized-glutathione oxidoreductase (adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate-forming) activity

AMP,sulfite:glutathione-disulfide oxidoreductase (adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate-forming) activity

adenylyl-sulfate reductase (glutathione) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + glutathione disulfide + H(+) + sulfite = 5'-adenylyl sulfate + 2 glutathione. [EC:1.8.4.9, RHEA:14141]


plant-type 5'-adenylylsulfate reductase activity


methionine sulfoxide reductase B activity


L-methionine:thioredoxin-disulfide S-oxidoreductase [L-methionine (R)-S-oxide-forming] activity

free-methionine (R)-S-oxide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + thioredoxin. [EC:1.8.4.14]


histone demethylase activity (H3-R2 specific)

histone H3-methyl-arginine-2 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of the methyl group from a modified arginine residue at position 2 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate. [PMID:17947579, PMID:22483719, PMID:29233856]


Catalysis of the reaction: H2 + A = AH2. [EC:1.12.99.6]


hydrogen-lyase activity
hydrogenlyase activity


histone demethylase activity (H4-R3 specific)

histone H3-methyl-arginine-3 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of the methyl group from a modified arginine residue at position 3 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate. [PMID:17947579]


A process in which a ribosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. [GOC:mah]


Catalysis of the reaction: pentane-2,4-dione + O2 = acetate + 2-oxopropanal. [EC:1.13.11.50]


D-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing) activity


sulfur:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydrogen-sulfide- and sulfite-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4 sulfur + 4 H2O + O2 = 2 hydrogen sulfide + 2 bisulfite + 2 H+. [EC:1.13.11.55]


Oplophorus-luciferin:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Oplophorus luciferin + O2 = oxidized Oplophorus luciferin + CO2 + hnu. [EC:1.13.12.13]


Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + acceptor = 3-dehydro-alpha-D-glucosyl-beta-D-fructofuranoside + reduced acceptor. [EC:1.1.99.13]


deoxyamidinoproclavaminate,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reactions: deoxyamidinoproclavaminate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = amidinoproclavaminate + succinate + CO2 + H2O; proclavaminate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = dihydroclavaminate + succinate + CO2 + 2 H2O; and dihydroclavaminate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = clavaminate + succinate + CO2 + 2 H2O. [EC:1.14.11.21]


flavanone,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (dehydrating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a flavanone + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a flavone + succinate + CO2 + H2O. [EC:1.14.20.5]


2'-deoxymugineic acid,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (2-hydroxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxymugineate + 2-oxoglutarate + O(2) = CO(2) + H(+) + mugineate + succinate. [EC:1.14.11.24, RHEA:12200]


mugineic acid,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reactions: mugineic acid + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 3-epihydroxymugineic acid + succinate + CO2. [EC:1.14.11.25]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucagon stimulus. [GOC:sl]


L-proline,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = cis-3-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2. [EC:1.14.11.28]


steroid dehydrogenase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP, and in which one substrate is a sterol derivative. [GOC:mah]


steroid dehydrogenase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor, and in which one substrate is a sterol derivative. [GOC:mah]


quinolin-2(1H)-one,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (8-oxygenating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + NADH + O(2) + quinolin-2-ol = H(2)O + NAD(+) + quinoline-2,8-diol. [EC:1.14.13.61, RHEA:22080]


SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase complex location

A nuclear ubiquitin ligase complex that specifically targets SUMOylated proteins; the complex is formed of homodimers or heterodimers of RNF4 family ubiquitin ligases and is conserved in eukaryotes. [GOC:vw, PMID:17762864, PMID:17762865]


2-(or 4-)dimethylallyl-(6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (cyclizing) activity

Catalysis of the reactions: 2-dimethylallyl-(6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan + NADPH + H+ + O2 = glyceollin + NADP+ + 2 H2O, and 4-dimethylallyl-(6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan + NADPH + H+ + O2 = glyceollin + NADP+ + 2 H2O. [EC:1.14.13.85]


apigenin,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (isoflavanone-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: apigenin + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ + O2 = 2-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrogenistein + 2 NADP+ + H2O. [EC:1.14.13.86]


liquiritigenin,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (licodione-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + liquiritigenin + NADPH + O(2) = H(2)O + licodione + NADP(+). [EC:1.14.14.140, RHEA:15697]


Catalysis of the reactions: a flavanone + NADPH + H+ + O2 = a 3'-hydroxyflavanone + NADP+ + H2O, and a 3'-hydroxyflavanone + NADPH + H+ + O2 = a 3',5'-dihydroxyflavanone + NADP+ + H2O. [EC:1.14.14.81]


A region in the lower half of some cells formed from extensive infoldings of the basal plasma membrane; includes cytoplasm adjacent to the infolded membrane. [GOC:mah, GOC:sart, PMID:11640882]


10-deoxysarpagine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (10-hydroxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 10-deoxysarpagine + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = H(2)O + NADP(+) + sarpagine. [EC:1.14.14.136, RHEA:14237]


Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + NADPH + O(2) + phenylacetone = benzyl acetate + H(2)O + NADP(+). [EC:1.14.13.92, RHEA:10124]


lithocholate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (6beta-hydroxylating) activity

cytochrome P450 3A10/lithocholic acid 6beta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + lithocholate + NADPH + O(2) = 6-beta-hydroxylithocholate + H(2)O + NADP(+). [EC:1.14.14.138, RHEA:18857]


Catalysis of the reaction: 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha-diol + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-triol + H(2)O + NADP(+). [EC:1.14.14.139, RHEA:15261]

5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha-diol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (12alpha-hydroxylating) activity


cholesterol 24S-hydroxylase activity
CYP46
cholesterol 24-monooxygenase activity
cholesterol 24-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = (24S)-24-hydroxycholesterol + H(2)O + NADP(+). [EC:1.14.14.25, RHEA:22716]

cholesterol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (24-hydroxylating) activity


Catalysis of the reaction: (24S)-hydroxycholesterol + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = (24S)-7alpha-dihydroxycholesterol + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase]. [PMID:10748047, PMID:11013305, RHEA:46124]


cholest-5-ene-3beta,25-diol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (7alpha-hydroxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reactions: cholest-5-ene-3beta,25-diol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha,25-triol + NADP+ + H2O, and cholest-5-ene-3beta,27-diol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha,27-triol + NADP+ + H2O. [EC:1.14.14.29]

CYP7B1 oxysterol 7alpha-hydroxylase activity


senecionine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (N-oxide-forming) activity

senecionine monooxygenase (N-oxide-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + NADPH + O(2) + senecionine = H(2)O + NADP(+) + senecionine N-oxide. [EC:1.14.13.101, RHEA:11420]


D-alpha,beta-D-heptose 7-phosphate 1-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-alpha,beta-D-heptose-7-phosphate + ATP = D-beta-D-heptose-1,7-bisphosphate + ADP. [RHEA:27473]


cyanocobalamin reductase (NADPH; CN-eliminating) activity

NADPH:cyanocob(III)alamin oxidoreductase (cyanide-eliminating) activity

NADPH2:cyanocob(III)alamin oxidoreductase (cyanide-eliminating) activity

cob(I)alamin, cyanide:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity

cyanocobalamin reductase (NADPH, cyanide-eliminating) activity

cyanocobalamin reductase (cyanide-eliminating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cob(I)alamin + hydrogen cyanide + NADP(+) = cyanocob(III)alamin + H(+) + NADPH. [RHEA:16113]


Catalysis of the reaction: (2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O = 2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+. [EC:1.17.1.3]


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 1,4-benzoquinone + H(2)O + phenylacetyl-CoA = 2 hydroquinone + phenylglyoxylyl-CoA. [RHEA:15705]


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural + NAD(P)H + H+ = 2,5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran + NAD(P)+. [GOC:jp, GOC:mah, PMID:15338422, PMID:16652391]


Catalysis of the reaction: (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoA + H2O + acceptor = (24R,25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoA + reduced acceptor. [EC:1.17.99.3]


bile acid 7-dehydroxylase activity
cholate 7alpha-dehydroxylase activity
7alpha-dehydroxylase activity


Catalysis of the reactions: 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone + O2 = aureusidin + H2O, and 2',3,4,4',6'-pentahydroxychalcone + 1/2 O2 = aureusidin + H2O. [EC:1.21.3.6]


acetyl-phosphate methylamine:thioredoxin disulfide oxidoreductase (N-methylglycine-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + methylamine + thioredoxin disulfide = N-methylglycine + phosphate + thioredoxin. [EC:1.21.4.3]


acetyl-phosphate trimethylamine:thioredoxin disulfide oxidoreductase (N,N,N-trimethylglycine-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + trimethylamine + thioredoxin disulfide = N,N,N-trimethylglycine + phosphate + thioredoxin. [EC:1.21.4.4]


(donor):sulfur oxidoreductase activity
sulphur reductase activity

Catalysis of the reduction of elemental sulfur or polysulfide to hydrogen sulfide. [EC:1.12.98.4]


selenite:reduced acceptor oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 e(-) + 2 H(+) + selenate = H(2)O + selenite. [EC:1.97.1.9, RHEA:14029]


iodothyronine inner ring monodeiodinase activity

acceptor:3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine oxidoreductase (iodinating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H+ = L-thyroxine + AH2. [EC:1.21.99.3]


type III iodothyronine deiodinase activity


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a 7-hydroxyisoflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a 7-methoxyisoflavone. [EC:2.1.1.150]


vitexin 2''-O-rhamnoside 7-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + vitexin 2''-O-beta-L-rhamnoside = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-O-methylvitexin 2''-O-beta-L-rhamnoside. [EC:2.1.1.153]


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + isoliquiritigenin = 2'-O-methylisoliquiritigenin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+). [EC:2.1.1.154, RHEA:21608]


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + kaempferol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H(+) + kaempferide. [EC:2.1.1.155, RHEA:15105]


Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine + fluoroacetaldehyde = acetaldehyde + 4-fluoro-L-threonine. [RHEA:11748]


stearoyl-CoA:malonyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (decarboxylating, oxoacyl- and enoyl-reducing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: stearoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA + 2 NAD(P)H + 2 H+ = icosanoyl-CoA + CO2 + 2 NAD(P)+. [EC:2.3.1.119]


Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + an anthocyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside = CoA + an anthocyanidin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside). [EC:2.3.1.171]


anthocyanin 5-O-glucoside 6'''-O-malonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + pelargonidin 3-O-(6-caffeoyl-beta-D-glucoside) 5-O-beta-D-glucoside = CoA + 4'''-demalonylsalvianin. [EC:2.3.1.172]


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaroyl-CoA + a flavonol 3-O-[beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside] = CoA + a flavonol 3-O-[6-(4-coumaroyl)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside]. [EC:2.3.1.173]


Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = CoA + 3-oxoadipyl-CoA. [EC:2.3.1.174]


deacetylcephalosporin C acetyltransferase activity

acetyl coenzyme A:DAC acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + deacetylcephalosporin C = cephalosporin C + CoA. [EC:2.3.1.175, RHEA:23860]


chenodeoxycholoyl-coenzyme A thioesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: choloyl-CoA + H2O = cholate + CoA. [EC:3.1.2.27]


Catalysis of the reaction: 3 malonyl-CoA + benzoyl-CoA = 4 CoA + 3,5-dihydroxybiphenyl + 4 CO2. [EC:2.3.1.177]


diaminobutyric acid acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-2,4-diaminobutyrate + acetyl-CoA = N(4)-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate + CoA + H(+). [EC:2.3.1.178, RHEA:16901]


beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III activity

3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III activity

beta-ketoacyl (acyl carrier protein) synthase III activity

beta-ketoacyl-acyl-carrier-protein synthase III activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = acetoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + CoA + CO2. [EC:2.3.1.180]


lipoyl (octanoyl)-acyl carrier protein:protein transferase activity

octanoyl-acyl carrier protein-protein N-octanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-[protein] + octanoyl-[ACP] = H+ + holo-[ACP] + N6-octanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein]. [RHEA:17665]

lipoyl (octanoyl)-acyl-carrier-protein-protein N-lipoyltransferase activity


uridine diphosphoglucose-deoxyribonucleate alpha-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-glucosyl residue from UDP-glucose to a hydroxymethylcytosine residue in DNA. [EC:2.4.1.26]


T4 phage beta-glucosyltransferase activity

uridine diphosphoglucose-deoxyribonucleate beta-glucosyltransferase activity

UDP glucose-DNA beta-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a beta-D-glucosyl residue from UDP-glucose to a hydroxymethylcytosine residue in DNA. [EC:2.4.1.27]


uridine diphosphoglucose-glucosyldeoxyribonucleate beta-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a beta-D-glucosyl residue from UDP-glucose to a glucosylhydroxymethylcytosine residue in DNA. [EC:2.4.1.28]


collagen hydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase activity

uridine diphosphoglucose-collagen glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + 5-(D-galactosyloxy)-L-lysine-procollagen = UDP + 1,2-D-glucosyl-5-D-(galactosyloxy)-L-lysine-procollagen. [EC:2.4.1.66]


Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-glucosyl residue from sucrose to alternately the 6-position and the 3-position of the non-reducing terminal residue of an alpha-D-glucan, thus producing a glucan having alternating alpha-1,6- and alpha-1,3-linkages. [EC:2.4.1.140]


sucrose:1,6-, 1,3-alpha-D-glucan 3-alpha- and 6-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase activity


Catalysis of the transfer of the non-reducing terminal alpha-D-glucose residue from a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan to the 4-position of an alpha-D-glucan, thus bringing about the hydrolysis of oligosaccharides. [EC:2.4.1.161]


uridine diphosphoglucose-xyloglucan 4beta-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a beta-D-glucosyl residue from UDP-glucose on to a glucose residue in xyloglucan, forming a beta-1,4-D-glucosyl-D-glucose linkage. [EC:2.4.1.168]


uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-oligosaccharide acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue from UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine to the 4-position of a mannose linked alpha-1,6 to the core mannose of high-mannose oligosaccharides produced by Dictyostelium discoideum. [EC:2.4.1.197]


Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP-glucose = 2-O-(beta-D-glucosyl)-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP + H(+). [EC:2.4.1.213, RHEA:12881]


Catalysis of the transfer of a beta-D-GlcNAc residue from UDP-D-GlcNAc to the fucose residue of a fucosylated protein acceptor. [EC:2.4.1.222]


UDP-GlcNAc:hydroxyproline polypeptide GlcNAc-transferase activity

UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc):hydroxyproline polypeptide GlcNAc-transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine + Skp1-protein-hydroxyproline = UDP + Skp1-protein-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)hydroxyproline. [EC:2.4.1.229]


Catalysis of the reaction: kojibiose + phosphate = beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-glucose. [EC:2.4.1.230, RHEA:11176]


alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase (configuration-retaining) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose + phosphate = alpha-D-glucose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate. [EC:2.4.1.231]


hydroxymethylfurfural reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural + NADH + H+ = 2,5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran + NAD+. [GOC:jp, GOC:mah, PMID:15338422, PMID:16652391]


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + kaempferol = UDP + kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-galactoside. [EC:2.4.1.234]


flavanone 7-O-glucoside 2''-O-beta-L-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-L-rhamnose + a flavanone 7-O-glucoside = UDP + a flavanone 7-O-[beta-L-rhamnosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside]. [EC:2.4.1.236]


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a flavonol = UDP + a flavonol 7-O-beta-D-glucoside. [EC:2.4.1.237]


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + an anthocyanin = UDP + an anthocyanin 3'-O-beta-D-glucoside. [EC:2.4.1.238]


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside = UDP + a flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside. [EC:2.4.1.239]


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside = UDP + a flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside. [EC:2.4.1.240]


granule-bound starch synthase I activity

granule-bound starch synthase II activity

starch granule-bound nucleoside diphosphate glucose-starch glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NDP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n = NDP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1. [EC:2.4.1.242]


Catalysis of the reaction: [1-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-]m+1 alpha-D-glucopyranoside + [1-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-]n+1 alpha-D-glucopyranoside = [1-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-]m alpha-D-glucopyranoside + [1-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-]n+1 beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (m > 0; n >= 0). [EC:2.4.1.243]


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl group = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl group. [EC:2.4.1.244]


uridine diphosphoxylose-xyloglucan 6alpha-xylosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-xylosyl residue from UDP-D-xylose to a glucose residue in xyloglucan, forming an alpha-1,6-D-xylosyl-D-glucose linkage. [EC:2.4.2.39]


Catalysis of the elimination of sulfate from the D-galactose 6-sulfate residues of porphyran, producing 3,6-anhydrogalactose residues. [EC:2.5.1.5]


hydroxymethylfurfural reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural + NADPH + H+ = 2,5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran + NADP+. [GOC:jp, GOC:mah, PMID:15338422, PMID:16652391]


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + fluoride = 5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine + L-methionine. [EC:2.5.1.63]


Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-serine + hydrogen sulfide = L-cysteine + phosphate. [EC:2.5.1.65]


glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:L-arginine 2-N-(2-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl) transferase (2-carboxyethyl-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + L-arginine = N(2)-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine + H(+) + phosphate. [EC:2.5.1.66, RHEA:10556]

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:L-arginine N2-(2-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl) transferase (2-carboxyethyl-forming) activity


chrysanthemyl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 dimethylallyl diphosphate = (R,R)-chrysanthemyl diphosphate + diphosphate. [EC:2.5.1.67, RHEA:14009]


(Z)-farnesyl diphosphate synthase activity

Z-farnesyl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = 2-cis,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + diphosphate. [EC:2.5.1.68, RHEA:23300]


dimethylallyl-diphosphate:dimethylallyl-diphosphate dimethylallyltransferase (lavandulyl-diphosphate-forming) activity

lavandulyl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 dimethylallyl diphosphate = diphosphate + lavandulyl diphosphate. [EC:2.5.1.69, RHEA:21676]


thyroid hormone aminotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine = 3,5,3'-triiodothyropyruvate + L-glutamate. [EC:2.6.1.26, RHEA:19133]


prephenate aspartate aminotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arogenate + oxaloacetate = prephenate + L-aspartate. [EC:2.6.1.78]


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-arogenate = L-glutamate + prephenate. [EC:2.6.1.79, RHEA:22880]


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + nicotianamine = 3''-deamino-3''-oxonicotianamine + L-glutamate. [EC:2.6.1.80, RHEA:22104]


1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate:3-amino-2-oxopropyl phosphate 3-amino-2-oxopropyltransferase (phosphate-hydrolysing; cyclizing) activity

pyridoxine 5-phosphate phospho lyase activity

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + 3-amino-2-oxopropyl phosphate = 2 H(2)O + H(+) + phosphate + pyridoxine 5'-phosphate. [RHEA:15265]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving furaldehyde, a furan ring-containing aldehyde compound which can be formed from the thermal decomposition of biomass. [GOC:jp, PMID:15338422, PMID:16652391]


Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase. [GOC:mah]


down-regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity

downregulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity

down regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity

negative regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase. [GOC:mah]


UMPK
SmbA
PyrH
UMP kinase activity
uridine monophosphate kinase activity
ATP:UMP phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + UMP = ADP + UDP. [EC:2.7.4.22]


ribose 1,5-bisphosphate phosphokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 1,5-diphosphate + ATP = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + ADP + H(+). [EC:2.7.4.23, RHEA:20109]


up-regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity

up regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity

upregulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity

positive regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase. [GOC:mah]


nucleoside bisphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar. [GOC:mah, GOC:pde]


nucleoside bisphosphate biosynthesis
nucleoside bisphosphate anabolism
nucleoside bisphosphatehate synthesis
nucleoside bisphosphate formation

nucleoside bisphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar. [GOC:mah, GOC:pde]


nucleoside bisphosphate catabolism
nucleoside bisphosphate degradation
nucleoside bisphosphate breakdown

nucleoside bisphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar. [GOC:mah, GOC:pde]


adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-sulphatophosphate sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + a thiol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an S-alkyl thiosulfate. [EC:2.8.2.16]


heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase 2 activity

[heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 2 activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfate; modifies selected glucosamine residues preceded by GlcA2S. [EC:2.8.2.29]


3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:[heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase activity


heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase activity

[heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 1 activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfate. The [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfate has a substrate consensus sequence of Glc(N2S>NAc)+/-6S GlcA GlcN2S*+/-6S GlcA>IdoA+/-2S Glc(N2S/NAc)+/-6S. [EC:2.8.2.23]


heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase 3 activity

glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase 3a, 3b activity

heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase 3A activity

[heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 3 activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfate. [EC:2.8.2.30]


isoform/isozyme 3a and 3b (3-OST-3A, 3-OST-3B, HS3ST3A, HS3ST3B)


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + 5alpha-cholane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrol = 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5alpha-cholan-24-yl sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H(+). [EC:2.8.2.31, RHEA:16997]


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + 5beta-scymnol = 5beta-scymnol sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H(+). [EC:2.8.2.32, RHEA:15477]


ribonucleoside bisphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar. [GOC:mah, GOC:pde]


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + glycochenodeoxycholate = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + glycochenodeoxycholate 7-sulfate + H(+). [EC:2.8.2.34, RHEA:17689]


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-benzylsuccinate + succinyl-CoA = (R)-2-benzylsuccinyl-CoA + succinate. [EC:2.8.3.15, RHEA:16469]


Catalysis of the reactions: 17-O-acetylajmaline + H2O = ajmaline + acetate, and 17-O-acetylnorajmaline + H2O = norajmaline + acetate. [EC:3.1.1.80]


Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + phenylglyoxylyl-CoA = CoA + H(+) + phenylglyoxylate. [EC:3.1.2.25, RHEA:15337]


peroxisomal acyl-CoA thioesterase 2 activity


vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) phosphatase activity

vitamin B6-phosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + H2O = pyridoxal + phosphate. [EC:3.1.3.74]


OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reactions: O-phosphoethanolamine + H2O = ethanolamine + phosphate, and phosphocholine + H2O = choline + phosphate. [EC:3.1.3.75]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 2- and 3-sulfate groups of the polysulfates of cellulose and charonin. [EC:3.1.6.7]


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate + H(2)O = 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + H(+) + sulfate. [EC:3.1.6.9, RHEA:11444]


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate + H(2)O = 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + H(+) + sulfate. [EC:3.1.6.10, RHEA:10536]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 3-sulfate groups of the N-sulfo-D-glucosamine 3-O-sulfate units of heparin. [EC:3.1.6.15]


Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage that removes extra residues from the 3'-terminus of tRNA to produce 5'-mononucleotides. [EC:3.1.13.5]


Streptomyces glaucescens exocytoplasmic endodeoxyribonuclease activity

Streptomyces glaucescens exocytoplasmic endonuclease activity

Streptomyces glaucescens exocytoplasmic dodeoxyribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage to give 5'-phosphooligonucleotide end-products, with a preference for cleavage within the sequence CC. [EC:3.1.21.6]


bacteriophage T4 endodeoxyribonuclease V activity

endodeoxyribonuclease (pyrimidine dimer) activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage near pyrimidine dimers to products with 5'-phosphate. [EC:3.1.25.1]


Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of poly(A) to fragments terminated by 3'-hydroxy and 5'-phosphate groups. [EC:3.1.26.6]


Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing 3'-extranucleotides from tRNA precursor. [EC:3.1.26.7]


Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of poly(U) to fragments terminated by 3'-hydroxy and 5'-phosphate groups. [EC:3.1.26.9]


poly(U)- and poly(C)-specific endoribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of poly(U) or poly(C) to fragments terminated by 3'-hydroxy and 5'-phosphate groups. [EC:3.1.26.10]


ribonucleate 3'-oligonucleotide hydrolase activity

ribonuclease (non-base specific) activity

Escherichia coli ribonuclease II activity

Escherichia coli ribonuclease I' ribonuclease PP2 activity

ribonnuclease (non-base specific) activity

Catalysis of the two-stage endonucleolytic cleavage to nucleoside 3'-phosphates and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates. [EC:4.6.1.19]


ribonucleate nucleotido-2'-transferase (cyclizing) activity


Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage to 2',3'-cyclic nucleotides. [EC:4.6.1.22]


purine specific endoribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the two-stage endonucleolytic cleavage to nucleoside 3'-phosphates and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides ending in Ap or Gp with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates. [EC:4.6.1.20]


ribonuclease F (E. coli) activity
RNase F activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA precursor into two, leaving 5'-hydroxy and 3'-phosphate groups. [EC:3.1.27.7]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of poly(A), forming oligoribonucleotides and ultimately 3'-AMP. [EC:3.1.27.8]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester linkage between guanosine and adenosine residues at one specific position in 28S rRNA from rat ribosomes. [GOC:curators]


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,6-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in dextran. [EC:3.2.1.11]


Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->3)-beta-D-glycosidic linkages in (1->3)-beta-D-xylans. [EC:3.2.1.32]


glucuronoglucosaminoglycan hyaluronate lyase activity

Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of 1,3-linkages between beta-D-glucuronate and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in hyaluronate. [EC:3.2.1.36]


beta-D-fucoside fucohydrolase activity
beta-fucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing beta-D-fucose residues in beta-D-fucosides. [EC:3.2.1.38]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-L-rhamnose residues in beta-L-rhamnosides. [EC:3.2.1.43]


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,2-alpha-L-fucoside linkages in fucoidan without release of sulfate. [PMID:11910806, PMID:6417453]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in amylaceous polysaccharides, to remove successive maltotetraose residues from the non-reducing chain ends. [EC:3.2.1.60]


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in alpha-D-glucans containing both 1,3- and 1,4-bonds. [EC:3.2.1.61]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (2->6)-beta-D-fructofuranan, to remove successive disaccharide residues as levanbiose, i.e. 6-(beta-D-fructofuranosyl)-D-fructose, from the end of the chain. [EC:3.2.1.64]


Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->2)-glucosidic linkages in (1->2)-beta-D-glucans. [EC:3.2.1.71]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of successive xylose residues from the non-reducing termini of (1->3)-beta-D-xylans. [EC:3.2.1.72]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->2) and (1->3) linkages in mannan, releasing mannose. [EC:3.2.1.77]


agarose 4-glycanohydrolase activity
AgaB
AgaA

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-galactosidic linkages in agarose, giving the tetramer as the predominant product. [EC:3.2.1.81]


exopolygalacturanosidase activity
exopolygalacturonosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of pectic acid from the non-reducing end, releasing digalacturonate. [EC:3.2.1.82]


kappa-carrageenan 4-beta-D-glycanohydrolase (configuration-retaining) activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-linkages between D-galactose 4-sulfate and 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose in kappa-carrageenans. [EC:3.2.1.83]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic links in 1,3-alpha-D-glucans. [EC:3.2.1.84]


Catalysis of the reaction: a 6-phospho-beta-D-galactoside + H2O = 6-phospho-D-galactose + an alcohol. [EC:3.2.1.85]


capsular polysaccharide galactohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->3)-alpha-D-galactosidic linkages in Aerobacter aerogenes capsular polysaccharide. [EC:3.2.1.87]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing N-acetylmuramic residues. [EC:3.2.1.92]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides, to remove successive isomaltose units from the non-reducing ends of the chains. [EC:3.2.1.94]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in dextrans, to remove successive isomaltotriose units from the non-reducing ends of the chains. [EC:3.2.1.95]


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of the N,N'-diacetylchitobiosyl unit in high-mannose glycopeptides and glycoproteins containing the -[Man(GlcNAc)2]Asn-structure. One N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue remains attached to the protein; the rest of the oligosaccharide is released intact. [EC:3.2.1.96]


Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosyl-3-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl)-L-serine + H2O = D-galactosyl-3-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine + L-serine in mucin-type glycoproteins. [EC:3.2.1.97, MetaCyc:3.2.1.97-RXN]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in amylaceous polysaccharides, to remove successive maltohexaose residues from the non-reducing chain ends. [EC:3.2.1.98]


exo-beta-mannanase activity
mannan 1,4-beta-mannobiosidase activity
exo-1,4-beta-mannobiohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-mannosidic linkages in (1->4)-beta-D-mannans, to remove successive mannobiose residues from the non-reducing chain ends. [EC:3.2.1.100]


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-galactosidic linkages in blood group A and B substances. [EC:3.2.1.102]


keratan sulfate endogalactosidase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-galactosidic linkages in keratan sulfate. [EC:3.2.1.103]


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-galactosaminidic linkages in poly(D-galactosamine). [EC:3.2.1.109]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->3) linkages between alpha-L-fucose and N-acetylglucosamine residues in glycoproteins. [EC:3.2.1.111]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->2)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages at the branch points of dextrans and related polysaccharides, producing free D-glucose. [EC:3.2.1.115]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in amylaceous polysaccharides, to remove successive maltotriose residues from the non-reducing chain ends. [EC:3.2.1.116]


isoprimeverose-producing oligoxyloglucan hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic links in oligoxyloglucans so as to remove successive isoprimeverose (i.e. alpha-xylo-1,6-beta-D-glucosyl-) residues from the non-reducing chain ends. [EC:3.2.1.120]


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of the D-mannuronide linkages of polymannuronate. [EC:3.2.1.121]


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of the beta-ketopyranosidic linkages of 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonate in capsular polysaccharides. [EC:3.2.1.124]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6) linkages between alpha-L-fucose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in glycopeptides such as immunoglobulin G glycopeptide and fucosyl-asialo-agalacto-fetuin. [EC:3.2.1.127]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-D-(1->2)-(4-O-methyl)glucuronosyl links in the main chain of hardwood xylans. [EC:3.2.1.131]


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl links in some glucuronoarabinoxylans. [EC:3.2.1.136]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->2)-alpha-D- and (1->6)-alpha-D- linkages in mannan, releasing D-mannose. [EC:3.2.1.137]


maltooligosyl trehalose trehalohydrolase activity

4-alpha-D-{(1,4)-alpha-D-glucano}trehalose glucanohydrolase (trehalose-producing) activity

4-alpha-D-{(1->4)-alpha-D-glucano}trehalose glucanohydrolase (trehalose-producing) activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(1->4)-D-glucosidic linkage in 4-alpha-D-{(1->4)-alpha-D-glucanosyl}n trehalose to yield trehalose and alpha-(1->4)-D-glucan. [EC:3.2.1.141]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in (1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranans. [EC:3.2.1.145]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing beta-D-galactofuranosides, releasing galactose. [EC:3.2.1.146]


oligoxyloglucan reducing end-specific cellobiohydrolase activity

oligoxyloglucan reducing-end cellobiohydrolase activity

oligoxyloglucan reducing-end-specific cellobiohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of cellobiose from the reducing end of xyloglucans consisting of a beta-(1->4) linked glucan carrying alpha-D-xylosyl groups on O-6 of the glucose residues. To be a substrate, the first residue must be unsubstituted, the second residue may bear a xylosyl group, whether further glycosylated or not, and the third residue, which becomes the new terminus by the action of the enzyme, is preferably xylosylated, but this xylose residue must not be further substituted. [EC:3.2.1.150]


Catalysis of the reaction: xyloglucan + H2O = xyloglucan oligosaccharides. This reaction is the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in xyloglucan. [EC:3.2.1.151]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminyl sequence of glycoprotein to alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)-D-mannose and beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminyl sequences. [EC:3.2.1.152]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing (2->1) linked beta-D-fructofuranose residues in fructans. [EC:3.2.1.153]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing (2->6) linked beta-D-fructofuranose residues in fructans. [EC:3.2.1.154]


Catalysis of the reaction: xyloglucan + H2O = xyloglucan oligosaccharides. This reaction is the exohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in xyloglucan. [EC:3.2.1.155]


oligosaccharide reducing-end xylanase activity

reducing end xylose-releasing exo-oligoxylanase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-xylose residues from the reducing end of oligosaccharides. [EC:3.2.1.156]

beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylopyranose reducing-end xylanase activity


iota-carrageenan 4-beta-D-glycanohydrolase (configuration-inverting) activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-linkages between D-galactose 4-sulfate and 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose-2-sulfate in iota-carrageenans. [EC:3.2.1.157]


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,3-alpha-L-galactosidic linkages in agarose, yielding agarotetraose as the major product. [EC:3.2.1.158]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 1,3-alpha-L-galactosidic linkages of neoagaro-oligosaccharides that are smaller than a hexamer, yielding 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose and D-galactose. [EC:3.2.1.159]


isoflavonoid 7-O-beta-apiosyl-glucoside beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7-[beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy]isoflavonoid + H2O = a 7-hydroxyisoflavonoid + beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1->6)-D-glucose. [EC:3.2.1.161]


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of beta-1,4-linkages in the backbone of lambda-carrageenan, resulting in the tetrasaccharide alpha-D-Galp2,6S2-(1->3)-beta-D-Galp2S-(1->4)-alpha-D-Galp2,6S2-(1->3)-D-Galp2S. [EC:3.2.1.162]


deoxyribonucleic acid glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of DNA and polynucleotides, releasing free hypoxanthine. [EC:3.2.2.15]


pyrimidine dimer DNA-glycosylase activity

pyrimidine dimer DNA glycosylase activity

deoxyribonucleate pyrimidine dimer glycosidase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of the N-glycosidic bond between the 5'-pyrimidine residue in cyclobutadipyrimidine (in DNA) and the corresponding deoxy-D-ribose residue. [EC:3.2.2.17]


Catalysis of the reaction: 7-methylxanthosine + H(2)O = 7-methylxanthine + H(+) + ribofuranose. [EC:3.2.2.25, RHEA:10880]


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-stilbene oxide + H2O = (+)-(1R,2R)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diol. [EC:3.3.2.9]


cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body. [GOC:mah, PMID:17429074]


Catalysis of the reactions: 5,6alpha-epoxy-5alpha-cholestan-3beta-ol + H2O = cholestane-3beta-5alpha,6beta-triol, and 5,6beta-epoxy-5beta-cholestan-3beta-ol + H2O = cholestane-3beta-5alpha,6beta-triol. [EC:3.3.2.11]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of gangliosides and neutral glycosphingolipids, releasing fatty acids to form the lyso-derivatives. [EC:3.5.1.69]


glycosphingolipid ceramide deacylase activity


aculeacin-A amidohydrolase activity
aculeacin A acylase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the amide bond in aculeacin A and related neutral lipopeptide antibiotics, releasing the long-chain fatty acid side-chain. [EC:3.5.1.70]


N-substituted formamide deformylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-benzylformamide + H2O = formate + benzylamine. [EC:3.5.1.91]


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(L-gamma-glutamylamino)butanoate + H(2)O = 4-aminobutanoate + L-glutamate. [EC:3.5.1.94, RHEA:19737]


3-oxo-3-ureidopropanoate amidohydrolase (urea- and malonate-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxo-3-ureidopropanoate + H(2)O = H(+) + malonate + urea. [EC:3.5.1.95, RHEA:17361]


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxyisourate + H(2)O = 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate + H(+). [EC:3.5.2.17, RHEA:23736]


proclavaminate amidino hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: amidinoproclavaminate + H(2)O = proclavaminate + urea. [EC:3.5.3.22, RHEA:17001]

proclavaminic acid amidino hydrolase activity


dCTP aminohydrolase (dUMP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dCTP + 2 H(2)O = diphosphate + dUMP + H(+) + NH(4)(+). [EC:3.5.4.30, RHEA:19205]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of mixed phospho-anhydride bonds. [EC:3.6.1.24]


D-DEX
D-2-haloacid dehalogenase activity
(R)-2-haloacid halidohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-haloacid + H2O = (S)-2-hydroxyacid + halide. [EC:3.8.1.9]


DL-2-haloacid halidohydrolase (inversion of configuration) activity

DL-2-haloacid dehalogenase (inversion of configuration) activity

2-haloacid dehalogenase (configuration-inverting) activity

Catalysis of the reactions: (S)-2-haloacid + H2O = (R)-2-hydroxyacid + halide, and (R)-2-haloacid + H2O = (S)-2-hydroxyacid + halide. [GOC:curators]


2-haloacid dehalogenase (configuration-retaining) activity

Catalysis of the reactions: (S)-2-haloacid + H2O = (S)-2-hydroxyacid + halide, and (R)-2-haloacid + H2O = (R)-2-hydroxyacid + halide. [RHEA:12072]


3-phosphonopyruvate carboxy-lyase (2-phosphonoacetaldehyde-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phosphonopyruvate + 2 H(+) = CO(2) + phosphonoacetaldehyde. [EC:4.1.1.82, RHEA:20768]


D-dopachrome carboxy-lyase (5,6-dihydroxyindole-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-dopachrome + H(+) = 5,6-dihydroxyindole + CO(2). [EC:4.1.1.84, RHEA:18441]


3-dehydro-L-gulonate-6-phosphate carboxy-lyase (L-xylulose-5-phosphate-forming) activity

3-keto-L-gulonate 6-phosphate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-dehydro-L-gulonate 6-phosphate + H(+) = L-xylulose 5-phosphate + CO(2). [EC:4.1.1.85, RHEA:14353]


L-2,4-diaminobutanoate carboxy-lyase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-2,4-diaminobutyrate + H(+) = 1,3-diaminopropane + CO(2). [EC:4.1.1.86, RHEA:15689]


(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase activity

indole glycerol phosphate hydrolase activity

indole-3-glycerol phosphate lyase activity

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase (indole-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate = indole + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. [EC:4.1.2.8]


The volume enclosed by the membranes of an acidocalcisome. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methanol stimulus. [GOC:sl]


2,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavanone hydro-lyase (daidzein-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavanone = daidzein + H2O. [EC:4.2.1.105]


7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxochol-4-enoate hydro-lyase (12alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochola-4,6-dienoate-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oate = 12alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochola-4,6-dien-24-oate + H(2)O. [PMID:26650892, RHEA:10436]


Catalysis of the reaction: (24R,25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA = (24E)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA + H2O. [EC:4.2.1.107]


4-N-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate hydro-lyase (L-ectoine-forming) activity

N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate hydro-lyase (L-ectoine-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate = ectoine + H(2)O. [EC:4.2.1.108, RHEA:17281]


1,5-anhydro-D-fructose dehydratase (microthecin-forming) activity

1,5-anhydro-D-fructose hydro-lyase (microthecin-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reactions: 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose = 2-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one + H2O; (1a) 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose = 1,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-glycero-hex-3-en-2-ulose + H2O and (1b) 1,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-glycero-hex-3-en-2-ulose = 2-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one. [EC:4.2.1.110]


1,5-anhydro-D-fructose hydro-lyase (ascopyrone-M-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose = 1,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-glycero-hex-3-en-2-ulose + H2O. [EC:4.2.1.111]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid stimulus. [GOC:sl]


Catalysis of the reaction: (1->4)-beta-D-glucuronan = an oligosaccharide with 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl end + (1->4)-beta-D-glucuronan. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of (1->4)-beta-D-glucuronans to give oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups at their non-reducing ends. Complete degradation of glucuronans results in the formation of tetrasaccharides. [EC:4.2.2.14]


sialglycoconjugate N-acylneuraminylhydrolase (2,7-cyclizing) activity

glycoconjugate sialyl-lyase (2,7-cyclizing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an N-acetylneuraminate glycoside = 2,7-anhydro-alpha-N-acetylneuraminate + an alpha-sialyl group. This reaction is the elimination of alpha-sialyl groups in N-acetylneuraminic acid glycosides, releasing 2,7-anhydro-alpha-N-acetylneuraminate. [EC:4.2.2.15]


2,6-beta-D-fructan D-fructosyl-D-fructosyltransferase (forming di-beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6':2',6-dianhydride) activity

2,6-beta-D-fructan lyase (di-beta-D-fructofuranose-2,6':2',6-dianhydride-forming) activity

levan fructotransferase (DFA-IV-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-fructopyranosyl-(2->6)-[D-fructofuranosyl-(2->6)]n-D-fructofuranoside = beta-D-fructopyranosyl-(2->6)-[D-fructofuranosyl-(2->6)](n-1)-D-fructofuranoside + di-beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6':2',6-dianhydride. This reaction is the production of di-beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6':2',6-dianhydride (DFA IV) by successively eliminating the diminishing (2->6)-beta-D-fructan (levan) chain from the terminal D-fructosyl-D-fructosyl disaccharide. [EC:4.2.2.16]


inulin D-fructosyl-D-fructosyltransferase (1,2':1',2-dianhydride-forming) activity

2,1-beta-D-fructan lyase (alpha-D-fructofuranose-beta-D-fructofuranose-1,2':2,1'-dianhydride-forming) activity

inulin D-fructosyl-D-fructosyltransferase (forming alpha-D-fructofuranose beta-D-fructofuranose 1,2':1',2-dianhydride) activity

inulin fructotransferase (DFA-I-producing) activity

inulin fructotransferase (depolymerizing, difructofuranose-1,2':2',1-dianhydride-forming) activity

inulin fructotransferase (DFA-I-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [(2->1)-beta-D-fructosyl](n) = [(2->1)-beta-D-fructosyl](n-1) + alpha-D-fructofuranose-beta-D-fructofuranose 1,2':1,2'-dianhydride. This reaction is the production of alpha-D-fructofuranose beta-D-fructofuranose 1,2':2,1'-dianhydride (DFA I) by successively eliminating the diminishing (2->1)-beta-D-fructan (inulin) chain from the terminal D-fructosyl-D-fructosyl disaccharide. [EC:4.2.2.17]


inulin fructotransferase (depolymerizing) activity

2,1-beta-D-fructan lyase (alpha-D-fructofuranose-beta-D-fructofuranose-1,2':2,3'-dianhydride-forming) activity

inulin D-fructosyl-D-fructosyltransferase (1,2':2,3'-dianhydride-forming) activity

inulin D-fructosyl-D-fructosyltransferase (forming alpha-D-fructofuranose beta-D-fructofuranose 1,2':2,3'-dianhydride) activity

inulin fructotransferase (depolymerizing, difructofuranose-1,2':2,3'-dianhydride-forming) activity

inulin fructotransferase (DFA-III-producing) activity

inulin fructotransferase (DFA-III-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [(2->1)-beta-D-fructosyl](n) = [(2->1)-beta-D-fructosyl](n-1) + alpha-D-fructofuranose beta-D-fructofuranose 1,2':2,3'-dianhydride. This reaction is the production of alpha-D-fructofuranose beta-D-fructofuranose 1,2':2,3'-dianhydride (DFA III) by successively eliminating the diminishing (2->1)-beta-D-fructan (inulin) chain from the terminal D-fructosyl-D-fructosyl disaccharide. [EC:4.2.2.18]


chonB
ChnB
chondroitinase B activity
dermatan sulfate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dermatan sulfate = n 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of dermatan sulfate containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucurosonyl or 1,3-alpha-L-iduronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups to yield a 4,5-unsaturated dermatan-sulfate disaccharide (DeltaUA-GalNAC-4S). Chondroitin sulfate B is also known as dermatan sulfate. [EC:4.2.2.19]


chondroitin sulfate ABC endoeliminase activity

Catalysis of the endolytic cleavage of beta-1,4-galactosaminic bonds between N-acetylgalactosamine and either D-glucuronic acid or L-iduronic acid to produce a mixture of Delta4-unsaturated oligosaccharides of different sizes that are ultimately degraded to Delta4-unsaturated tetra- and disaccharides. [EC:4.2.2.20]

chondroitin sulfate ABC endolyase activity


chondroitin sulfate ABC lyase activity
ChS ABC lyase activity


chondroitin sulfate ABC exolyase activity

Catalysis of the exolytic cleavage of disaccharide residues from the non-reducing ends of both polymeric chondroitin sulfates and their oligosaccharide fragments. [EC:4.2.2.21]

chondroitin sulfate ABC exoeliminase activity


geranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [cyclizing, (+)-(4R)-limonene-forming] activity

geranyldiphosphate diphosphate lyase [(+)-(R)-limonene-forming] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = (4R)-limonene + diphosphate. [EC:4.2.3.20, RHEA:10940]


trans,trans-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing, vetispiradiene-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + vetispiradiene. [EC:4.2.3.21, RHEA:10340]

vetispiradiene-forming farnesyl pyrophosphate cyclase activity


2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [(1E,4S,5E,7R)-germacra-1(10),5-dien-11-ol-forming] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O = (1E,4S,5E,7R)-germacra-1(10),5-dien-11-ol + diphosphate. [EC:4.2.3.22]


2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (amorpha-4,11-diene-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = amorpha-4,11-diene + diphosphate. [EC:4.2.3.24, RHEA:18325]


geranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [(3S)-linalool-forming] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + H(2)O = (S)-linalool + diphosphate. [EC:4.2.3.25, RHEA:24116]


geranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [(3R)-linalool-forming] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + H(2)O = (R)-linalool + diphosphate. [EC:4.2.3.26, RHEA:15809]


dimethylallyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (isoprene-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate = diphosphate + isoprene. [EC:4.2.3.27, RHEA:13369]


3-sulfolactate bisulfite-lyase (pyruvate-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-sulfolactate = pyruvate + sulfite. [EC:4.4.1.24, RHEA:21428]


L-cysteate bisulfite-lyase (deaminating; pyruvate-forming) activity

L-cysteate sulfo-lyase (deaminating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteate + H(2)O = NH(4)(+) + pyruvate + sulfite. [EC:4.4.1.25, RHEA:13441]


FAD AMP-lyase (cyclic-FMN-forming) activity

FAD AMP-lyase (riboflavin-cyclic-4',5'-phosphate-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: FAD = AMP + riboflavin cyclic-4',5'-phosphate. [EC:4.6.1.15]


aliphatic aldoxime hydro-lyase (aliphatic-nitrile-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic aldoxime = an aliphatic nitrile + H2O. [EC:4.99.1.5]


response to triacylglycerol
response to triacylglyceride

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triglyceride stimulus. [GOC:sl]


L-xylulose 5-phosphate 3-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-ribulose 5-phosphate = L-xylulose 5-phosphate. [EC:5.1.3.22, RHEA:18497]


(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate delta8,11-delta7,9-isomerase (trans-double-bond-forming) activity

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosapentaenoate delta8,11-delta7,9-isomerase (trans-double-bond-forming) activity

eicosapentaenoate cis-delta5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoate cis-delta5-trans-delta7,9-cis-delta14,17 isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-cis-icosa-5,8,11,14,17-pentaenoate = (5Z,7E,9E,14Z,17Z)-icosapentaenoate. [RHEA:14889]


ascopyrone intramolecular oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-glycero-hex-3-en-2-ulose = 1,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-glycero-hex-1-en-3-ulose. [EC:5.3.2.7]


OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reactions: violaxanthin = capsorubin, and antheraxanthin = capsanthin. [EC:5.3.99.8]


violaxanthin-neoxanthin isomerase (epoxide-opening) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-violaxanthin = all-trans-neoxanthin. [EC:5.3.99.9, RHEA:10128]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a silicon dioxide stimulus. [GOC:sl]


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxyaminophenol = aminohydroquinone. [EC:5.4.4.3, RHEA:20577]


5-(carboxyamino)imidazole ribonucleotide mutase activity

N5-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide mutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-carboxyamino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate. [EC:5.4.99.18]


L-glutamate:putrescine ligase (ADP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP + putrescine = gamma-L-glutamylputrescine + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate. [EC:6.3.1.11, RHEA:13633]


D-aspartate:[beta-GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)]n ligase (ADP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-aspartate + [beta-GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)]n = [beta-GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-6-N-(beta-D-Asp)-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)]n + ADP + phosphate. [EC:6.3.1.12]


YwfE
bacilysin synthetase activity
L-amino acid alpha-ligase activity
L-amino acid ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + an L-amino acid + an L-amino acid = ADP + phosphate + L-aminoacyl-L-amino acid. [EC:6.3.2.49]


L-N2-(2-carboxyethyl)arginine cyclo-ligase (AMP-forming) activity

L-2-N-(2-carboxyethyl)arginine cyclo-ligase (AMP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine + ATP = AMP + deoxyamidinoproclavaminate + diphosphate + 2 H(+). [EC:6.3.3.4, RHEA:23620]


N5-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide synthetase activity

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming) activity

5-(carboxyamino)imidazole ribonucleotide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + ATP + bicarbonate = 5-carboxyamino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + ADP + 3 H(+) + phosphate. [EC:6.3.4.18, RHEA:19317]


ribonucleoside bisphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar. [GOC:mah, GOC:pde]


ribonucleoside bisphosphate degradation
ribonucleoside bisphosphate catabolism
ribonucleoside bisphosphate breakdown

ribonucleoside bisphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar. [GOC:mah, GOC:pde]


purine nucleoside bisphosphate metabolism

purine nucleoside bisphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine nucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar. [GOC:mah, GOC:pde]


purine nucleoside bisphosphate synthesis

purine nucleoside bisphosphate formation

purine nucleoside bisphosphate biosynthesis

purine nucleoside bisphosphate anabolism

purine nucleoside bisphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine nucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar. [GOC:mah, GOC:pde]


purine nucleoside bisphosphate degradation

purine nucleoside bisphosphate breakdown

purine nucleoside bisphosphate catabolism

purine nucleoside bisphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine nucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar. [GOC:mah, GOC:pde]


purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate metabolism

purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar. [GOC:mah, GOC:pde]


purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate biosynthesis

purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate anabolism

purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate synthesis

purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate formation

purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar. [GOC:mah, GOC:pde]


purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate breakdown

purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate catabolism

purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate degradation

purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar. [GOC:mah, GOC:pde]


8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized purine and the deoxyribose sugar. [GOC:mah, PMID:17641464]


5-formyluracil DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of 5-formyluracil bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized pyrimidine and the deoxyribose sugar. [GOC:mah, PMID:17641464]


5-hydroxymethyluracil DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of 5-hydroxymethyluracil bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized pyrimidine and the deoxyribose sugar. [GOC:mah, PMID:17641464]


A protein complex that forms a coat structure on vesicles involved in exocytosis of proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the cell surface; in Saccharomyces, the complex contains Chs5p, Chs6p, and Chs6p paralogues. [PMID:16498409, PMID:17000877]


PAS membrane
pre-autophagosomal structure membrane

A cellular membrane associated with the phagophore assembly site. [GOC:mah, GOC:rph, PMID:16874040, PMID:17382324]


poly(rG) binding
poly(G) binding, within an RNA molecule

Binding to a sequence of guanine residues in an RNA molecule. [GOC:mah]


regulation of protein phosphatase type 2A activity


inhibition of protein phosphatase type 2A activity


activation of protein phosphatase type 2A activity


stimulation of protein phosphatase type 2A activity


'host programmed cell death induced by symbiont'

Cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes after interaction with a symbiont (defined as the smaller of two, or more, organisms engaged in symbiosis, a close interaction encompassing mutualism through parasitism). This can be triggered by direct interaction with the organism, for example, contact with penetrating hyphae of a fungus; or an indirect interaction such as symbiont-secreted molecules. [GOC:pamgo_curators]


down-regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response

negative regulation of plant hypersensitive response

downregulation of plant-type hypersensitive response

down regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response

negative regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hypersensitive response in a plant. [GOC:pamgo_curators]


inhibition of plant-type hypersensitive response


up-regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response

up regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response

positive regulation of plant hypersensitive response

upregulation of plant-type hypersensitive response

positive regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the hypersensitive response in a plant. [GOC:pamgo_curators]


activation of plant-type hypersensitive response


stimulation of plant-type hypersensitive response


modulation by symbiont of host defense-related PCD

modulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense-related programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:pamgo_curators]


modulation by symbiont of host hypersensitive response


modulation by symbiont of plant hypersensitive response


inhibition by symbiont of host defense-related PCD


inhibition by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death


negative regulation by symbiont of plant HR


negative regulation by symbiont of plant hypersensitive response


negative regulation by symbiont of host defense-related PCD

negative regulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death

down regulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death

down-regulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death

downregulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death

suppression by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defense-related programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:pamgo_curators]


positive regulation by symbiont of host defense-related PCD

positive regulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death

upregulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death

up-regulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death

up regulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death

effector-mediated induction of programmed cell death in host

A symbiont process in which a molecule secreted by the symbiont activates a programmed cell death pathway in the host to suppress the host innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:pamgo_curators]


activation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death


stimulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death


Binding to an estrogen response element (ERE), a conserved sequence found in the promoters of genes whose expression is regulated in response to estrogen. [GOC:ecd, PMID:15036253, PMID:17975005]


Facilitates the displacement of one strand of an RNA-RNA duplex and its replacement with a different strand of higher complementarity. [GOC:mcc, PMID:9769100]


The homotypic fusion of endocytic vesicles to form or add to an early endosome. [PMID:11964142, PMID:9422733]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating a decline in oxygen levels to trace amounts, <0.1%. [GOC:kmv]


The space enclosed by the double membrane of a cyanelle. [GOC:rph]


deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1); the synthesis of DNA from deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates in the presence of a nucleic acid template and a 3'hydroxyl group. [EC:2.7.7.7, GOC:mah]


RNA nucleotidyltransferase activity
ribonucleic polymerase activity
ribonucleic acid transcriptase activity
ribonucleic acid polymerase activity
5'-3' RNA polymerase activity
RNA transcriptase activity
RNA polymerase activity
ribonucleic transcriptase activity
ribonucleate polymerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1); the synthesis of RNA from ribonucleotide triphosphates in the presence of a nucleic acid template, via extension of the 3'-end. [EC:2.7.7.6, GOC:mah, GOC:pf]


The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a stress granule. [GOC:mah, PMID:17392519]


A protein complex that contains the transcription factor Ste11 and the RNA binding protein Mei2; involved in regulation of conjugation in fission yeast. [GOC:vw, PMID:17046992]


protein localization in Golgi apparatus
protein localisation in Golgi apparatus

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the Golgi apparatus. [GOC:mah]


Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + aminoglycoside = diphosphate + nucleotidylaminoglycoside. [GOC:cb]


streptomycin adenylate synthetase activity


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + aminoglycoside = CoA + N-acetylaminoglycoside. [GOC:cb]


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + aminoglycoside = CoA + 1-N-acetylaminoglycoside. This is acetylation of the 1-amino group of the central deoxystreptamine ring. [GOC:cb]


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + aminoglycoside = ADP + phosphoaminoglycoside. [GOC:cb, GOC:mah]


Catalysis of the reaction: squalene = triterpene. [GOC:cb, PMID:18033581]


Catalysis of the reaction: squalene = tetrahymanol. [GOC:cb, PMID:18033581]


Catalysis of the reaction: oxidosqualene = marneral. [GOC:cb, http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z503420_s.pdf, PMID:16425307, PMID:18033581]


Catalysis of the reaction: oxidosqualene + H2O = arabidiol ((13R,14R,17E)-malabarica-17,21-diene-3beta,14-diol). [GOC:cb, PMID:16774269, PMID:17474751]


Catalysis of the reaction: oxidosqualene = cucurbitadienol. [GOC:cb, PMID:18033581]


butylene glycol metabolism
butanediol metabolism
butylene glycol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving butanediol; the biologically relevant isomer is 2,3-butanediol, CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3. [ISBN:0911910123, MetaCyc:BUTANEDIOL, MetaCyc:P125-PWY]


butanediol breakdown
butylene glycol catabolic process
butylene glycol catabolism
butanediol catabolism
butanediol degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of butanediol; the biologically relevant isomer is 2,3-butanediol, CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0911910123, MetaCyc:125-PWY, MetaCyc:BUTANEDIOL]


butylene glycol biosynthesis
butylene glycol biosynthetic process
butanediol synthesis
butanediol biosynthesis
butanediol anabolism
butanediol formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of butanediol; the biologically relevant isomer is 2,3-butanediol, CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0911910123, MetaCyc:125-PWY, MetaCyc:BUTANEDIOL]


centromeric DNA replication-independent nucleosome assembly

CenH3-containing nucleosome assembly at centromere

CENP-A containing nucleosome assembly at centromere

DNA replication-independent nucleosome assembly at centromere

The formation of chromatin containing the histone H3 variant CENP-A to form centromeric chromatin. This specialised chromatin occurs at centromeric region in point centromeres, and the central core in modular centromeres. [GOC:mah, GOC:vw, PMID:18158900, PMID:19217403]


PKS complex
PKS complex location
polyketide synthase complex location
PKS

A protein complex that carries out enzymatic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of polyketides, any of a diverse group of natural products synthesized via linear poly-beta-ketones. [GOC:mah, PMID:12636085]


type II polyketide synthase complex location

A polyketide synthase complex that consists of several different polypeptide chains, each of which catalyzes a single reaction. [GOC:cb, GOC:mah, PMID:12636085]


type III polyketide synthase complex location

A polyketide synthase complex that consists of two identical ketosynthase polypeptides. [GOC:cb, PMID:12636085]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an acetyl group or groups from an acetylated sterol. [GOC:rb, PMID:18034159]


establishment of sister chromatid cohesion

The process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome become associated with each other during S phase. [GOC:jh, GOC:mah, PMID:14623866]


maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion

The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate. [GOC:mah, PMID:14623866]


establishment of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion

The process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome become joined along the entire length of the chromosome during S phase during a mitotic cell cycle. [GOC:mah]


maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion

The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a mitotic cell cycle. [GOC:mah]


establishment of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion

The process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome become joined along the entire length of the chromosome during S phase during a meiotic cell cycle. [GOC:mah]


maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion

The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a meiotic cell cycle. [GOC:mah]


regulation of maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion

Any process that modulates the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained. [GOC:mah, GOC:vw]


negative regulation of maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion

Any process that decreases the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained. [GOC:mah, GOC:vw]


positive regulation of maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion

Any process that increases the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained. [GOC:mah, GOC:vw]


regulation of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion

Any process that modulates the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained during a meiotic cell cycle. [GOC:mah, GOC:vw]


negative regulation of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion

Any process that decreases the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained during a meiotic cell cycle. [GOC:mah, GOC:vw]


positive regulation of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion

Any process that increases the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained during a meiotic cell cycle. [GOC:mah, GOC:vw]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus. [GOC:sl]


Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p AAA ATPase complex location


A multiprotein complex that recognizes ERAD-luminal misfolded substrates and brings them to the ubiquitination/extraction machinery. In yeast, this complex consists of Yos9p, Kar2p and Hrd3p proteins. [PMID:16873065]


red blood cell homeostasis
RBC homeostasis

Any process of regulating the production and elimination of erythrocytes within an organism. [GOC:add, PMID:10694114, PMID:14754397]


The selective elimination of erythrocytes from the body by autoregulatory mechanisms. [GOC:add, PMID:12905029, PMID:14754397]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tissue remodeling. [GOC:add]


negative regulation of tissue remodeling

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tissue remodeling. [GOC:add]


positive regulation of tissue remodeling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tissue remodeling. [GOC:add]


regulation of RBC clearance
regulation of red blood cell clearance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte clearance. [GOC:add, PMID:12905029, PMID:14754397]


negative regulation of red blood cell clearance

negative regulation of erythrocyte clearance

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte clearance. [GOC:add, PMID:12905029, PMID:14754397]


positive regulation of red blood cell clearance

positive regulation of erythrocyte clearance

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte clearance. [GOC:add, PMID:12905029, PMID:14754397]


The attachment of a cell to a second cell of the identical type via adhesion molecules. [GOC:add]


regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion. [GOC:add]


negative regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion. [GOC:add]


positive regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion. [GOC:add]


The attachment of a cell to a cell of a different type via adhesion molecules. [GOC:add]


regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion. [GOC:add]


negative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion. [GOC:add]


positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion. [GOC:add]


regulation of red blood cell aggregation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte aggregation. [GOC:add]


negative regulation of red blood cell aggregation

negative regulation of erythrocyte aggregation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte aggregation. [GOC:add]


positive regulation of red blood cell aggregation

positive regulation of erythrocyte aggregation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte aggregation. [GOC:add]


regulation of toll-like receptor signalling pathway

regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor signaling pathway. [GOC:add, PMID:16551253, PMID:17328678]


negative regulation of toll-like receptor signalling pathway

negative regulation of TLR signaling pathway

negative regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor signaling pathway. [GOC:add, PMID:16551253, PMID:17328678]


positive regulation of toll-like receptor signalling pathway

positive regulation of TLR signaling pathway

positive regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor signaling pathway. [GOC:add, PMID:16551253, PMID:17328678]


regulation ofMyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signalling pathway

regulation ofMyD88-dependent TLR signaling pathway

regulation of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway. [GOC:add, PMID:16551253, PMID:17328678]


negative regulation of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signalling pathway

negative regulation of MyD88-dependent TLR signaling pathway

negative regulation of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway. [GOC:add, PMID:16551253, PMID:17328678]


positive regulation of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signalling pathway

positive regulation of MyD88-dependent TLR signaling pathway

positive regulation of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway. [GOC:add, PMID:16551253, PMID:17328678]


regulation ofMyD88-independent TLR signaling pathway

regulation ofMyD88-independent toll-like receptor signalling pathway

regulation of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway. [GOC:add, PMID:16551253, PMID:17328678]


negative regulation of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signalling pathway

negative regulation of MyD88-independent TLR signaling pathway

negative regulation of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway. [GOC:add, PMID:16551253, PMID:17328678]


positive regulation of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signalling pathway

positive regulation of MyD88-independent TLR signaling pathway

positive regulation of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway. [GOC:add, PMID:16551253, PMID:17328678]


TLR1 signaling pathway
toll-like receptor 1 signalling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to toll-like receptor 1. [GOC:add, PMID:16551253, PMID:17328678]


regulation of toll-like receptor 1 signalling pathway

regulation of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway. [GOC:add, PMID:16551253, PMID:17328678]


negative regulation of TLR1 signaling pathway

negative regulation of toll-like receptor 1 signalling pathway

negative regulation of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway. [GOC:add, PMID:16551253, PMID:17328678]


positive regulation of TLR1 signaling pathway

positive regulation of toll-like receptor 1 signalling pathway

positive regulation of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway. [GOC:add, PMID:16551253, PMID:17328678]


toll-like receptor 2 signalling pathway
TLR2 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to toll-like receptor 2. [GOC:add, PMID:16551253, PMID:17328678]


regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signalling pathway

regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway. [GOC:add, PMID:16551253, PMID:17328678]


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signalling pathway

negative regulation of TLR2 signaling pathway

negative regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway. [GOC:add, PMID:16551253, PMID:17328678]


positive regulation of TLR2 signaling pathway

positive regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signalling pathway

positive regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway. [GOC:add, PMID:16551253, PMID:17328678]


TLR3 signaling pathway
toll-like receptor 3 signalling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to toll-like receptor 3. [GOC:add, PMID:16551253, PMID:17328678]


regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signalling pathway

regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway. [GOC:add, PMID:16551253, PMID:17328678]


negative regulation of TLR3 signaling pathway

negative regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signalling pathway

negative regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway. [GOC:add, PMID:16551253, PMID:17328678]


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signalling pathway

positive regulation of TLR3 signaling pathway

positive regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway. [GOC:add, PMID:16551253, PMID:17328678]


toll-like receptor 4 signalling pathway
TLR4 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to toll-like receptor 4. [GOC:add, PMID:16551253, PMID:17328678]


regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signalling pathway

regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway. [GOC:add, PMID:16551253, PMID:17328678]


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signalling pathway

negative regulation of TLR4 signaling pathway

negative regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway. [GOC:add, PMID:16551253, PMID:17328678]


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signalling pathway

positive regulation of TLR4 signaling pathway

positive regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway. [GOC:add, PMID:16551253, PMID:17328678]


TLR5 signaling pathway
toll-like receptor 5 signalling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to toll-like receptor 5. [GOC:add, PMID:16551253, PMID:17328678]


regulation of toll-like receptor 5 signalling pathway

regulation of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway. [GOC:add, PMID:16551253, PMID:17328678]