plastoquinone formation
plastoquinone anabolism
plastoquinone biosynthesis
plastoquinone synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of plastoquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme present in the chloroplast. [GOC:sm]


GABA transport
4-aminobutanoate transport
4-aminobutyrate transport

The directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


anther wall tapetum cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a tapetal cell of anthers in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. [GOC:mg]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an inflorescence over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:tb]


N-terminal protein amino acid deamination, from amino carbon

The oxidative deamination of the alpha carbon of an encoded N-terminal amino acid, to form pyruvic acid retaining an amide bond between its 1-carboxyl group and the adjacent residue. The pyruvate 2-oxo group may become an enzyme active site, or it may be reduced to an alcohol. [RESID:AA0127, RESID:AA0128, RESID:AA0129]


protein amino acid S-linked glycosylation via cysteine

protein S-linked glycosylation via cysteine

The glycosylation of protein via the sulfur atom of peptidyl-cysteine, forming S-glycosyl-L-cysteine. [RESID:AA0152]


protein amino acid C-linked glycosylation via tryptophan

protein C-linked glycosylation via tryptophan

The glycosylation of a carbon atom of a peptidyl-tryptophan residue. [GOC:ai]


protein phosphatase methyltransferase activity


D-lactate synthesis from methylglyoxal via (R)-lactaldehyde

D-lactate formation from methylglyoxal via (R)-lactaldehyde

D-lactate anabolism from methylglyoxal via (R)-lactaldehyde

D-lactate biosynthetic process from methylglyoxal via (R)-lactaldehyde

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-lactate from methylglyoxal, via the intermediate (R)-lactaldehyde. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, MetaCyc:MGLDLCTANA-PWY]


N-trimethylglycine biosynthesis from glycine

N-trimethylglycine biosynthetic process from glycine

glycine betaine biosynthetic process from glycine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine betaine from other compounds, including glycine. [GOC:go_curators]


acetyl-CoA catabolism to 2-ketoglutarate

acetyl-CoA catabolic process to 2-ketoglutarate

acetyl-CoA catabolism to alpha-ketoglutarate

acetyl-CoA catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate

acetyl-CoA catabolic process to alpha-oxoglutarate

acetyl-CoA catabolism to alpha-oxoglutarate

acetyl-CoA catabolic process to alpha-ketoglutarate

The pathways by which acetyl-CoA is processed and converted into alpha-ketoglutarate (2-oxoglutarate); methanogenic archaea use these pathways to assimilate acetyl-CoA into the cell. [MetaCyc:P22-PWY]


Moco metabolism
molybdopterin cofactor metabolism
Moco metabolic process

molybdopterin cofactor metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands. [ISSN:09498257]


The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.


oocyte localisation involved in germarium-derived egg chamber formation

establishment and maintenance of oocyte localization in egg chamber

establishment and maintenance of oocyte position during oogenesis

oogenesis, establishment and maintenance of oocyte localization

oocyte localization involved in germarium-derived egg chamber formation

Directed movement of the oocyte, following its specification, from its original central position in the cyst to a posterior position relative to the nurse cells of the egg chamber, and its maintenance in this posterior location. This is the first sign of anterior-posterior asymmetry in the developing egg chamber. [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:10449356]


The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu]


A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


A secretory organelle found in blood platelets, which is unique in that it exhibits further compartmentalization and acquires its protein content via two distinct mechanisms: (1) biosynthesis predominantly at the megakaryocyte (MK) level (with some vestigial platelet synthesis) (e.g. platelet factor 4) and (2) endocytosis and pinocytosis at both the MK and circulating platelet levels (e.g. fibrinogen (Fg) and IgG). [PMID:8467233]


The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet dense tubular network. [GOC:mah, PMID:1322202]


regulation of microtubule depolymerization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization. [GOC:mah]


The regrowth of axons following their loss or damage. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule. [GOC:mah]


up regulation of microtubule depolymerization

positive regulation of microtubule disassembly

upregulation of microtubule depolymerization

up-regulation of microtubule depolymerization

positive regulation of microtubule depolymerization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization. [GOC:mah]


sister kinetochore biorientation
chromosome biorientation

The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids establish stable attachments to microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles. [PMID:15309047]


Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon growth such that the correct diameter is attained and maintained. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb]


down-regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion

down regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion

downregulation of conjugation with cellular fusion

negative regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of conjugation with cellular fusion. [GOC:mah]


up regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion

upregulation of conjugation with cellular fusion

up-regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion

positive regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that increases the rate or frequency of conjugation with cellular fusion. [GOC:mah]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one, also known as DIF-1, differentiation-inducing factor-1. DIF-1 is a secreted chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells. [GOC:mah, PMID:10706822]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sorocarp stalk cell, any of the cellulose-covered cells that form the stalk of a sorocarp. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum. [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0521583640, PMID:4338436]


chrysobactin biosynthetic process, peptide formation


slug development during fruiting body development

slug development involved in sorocarp development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the slug over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Slug development begins when the aggregate rises upwards to form a finger-shaped structure and ends when culmination begins. Slug development begins after aggregation and ends before culmination in sorocarp development. [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0521583640]


The specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore. [GOC:mah, GOC:pg]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of pullulan to panose (6-alpha-D-glucosylmaltose). [EC:3.2.1.135, GOC:mlg]


posttranslational protein targeting to membrane, translocation

posttranslational protein membrane targeting, translocation

protein translocation during posttranslational protein targeting to membrane

post-translational protein targeting to membrane, translocation

The process in which a protein translocates through the ER membrane posttranslationally. [PMID:12518317, PMID:8707814]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving ferricrocin, a cyclic hexapeptide siderophore with the structure Gly-Ser-Gly-(N5-acetyl-N5-hydroxyornithine)3. [GOC:mah, PMID:12828635]


Binding to phosphopantetheine, the vitamin pantetheine 4'-(dihydrogen phosphate). [GOC:mah, GOC:vw]


Binding to a POZ (poxvirus and zinc finger) domain of a protein, a protein-protein interaction domain found in many transcription factors. [PMID:7958847]

broad-complex, tramtrack, and bric-a-brac domain binding


The chemical reactions and pathways involving arabinan, a polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues. [GOC:mlg, ISBN:0198506732]


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylosidic linkages in xylans. [EC:3.2.1.8]


intrinsic to internal side of outer membrane

intrinsic to internal leaflet of cell outer membrane

intrinsic to internal side of cell outer membrane

intrinsic component of periplasmic side of cell outer membrane

The component of the cell outer membrane consisting of the gene products that that penetrate the periplasmic side of the cell outer membrane only, either directly or via some covalently attached hydrophobic anchor. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu]


The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products having some covalently attached portion, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor, which spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane. [GOC:mah]


The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group that is embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


intrinsic to internal leaflet of plasma membrane

intrinsic to internal side of plasma membrane

intrinsic component of the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane

The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that have some covalently attached part (e.g. peptide sequence or GPI anchor) which is embedded in the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane only. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


Binding to a denatured protein. [GOC:mlg]


extrinsic to external side of outer membrane

extrinsic to external side of cell outer membrane

extrinsic to external leaflet of cell outer membrane

extrinsic component of external side of cell outer membrane

The component of a cell outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its external surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu]


Catalysis of the reaction: hexitol + acceptor = hexose + reduced acceptor. [GOC:mah]


ascospore-type prospore-specific spindle pole body modification


regulation of cellular metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. [GOC:mah]


The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the leading edge of a motile cell. [GOC:mah]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia. [GOC:pg]


DDK
Dbf4-dependent protein kinase complex

A heterodimeric protein complex required for the activation of DNA replication origins; comprises a catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit (in Saccharomyces, Cdc7p and Dbf4p, respectively); complexes identified in other species generally contain proteins related to the Saccharomyces proteins. [PMID:12045100]

Dbf4-dependent protein kinase complex location


positive regulation of cellular formation

up-regulation of cellular biosynthetic process

upregulation of cellular biosynthetic process

positive regulation of cellular anabolism

positive regulation of cellular biosynthesis

up regulation of cellular biosynthetic process

positive regulation of cellular synthesis

positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. [GOC:mah]


pseudopodium formation
pseudopodium extension

The assembly of a pseudopodium by rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton and overlying membrane. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:pg, GOC:tb]


Catalysis of the transfer of a galactose residue from a donor molecule, such as GDP-galactose or UDP-galactose, to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-1,2-linkage. [PMID:7522655]


The process in which the sorocarp is generated and organized. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum. [GOC:kp, GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:4332228]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclase activity. [GOC:mah]


CD95 death-inducing signaling complex location

Fas death-inducing signaling complex location

CD95 death-inducing signalling complex location

A protein complex formed upon binding of Fas/CD95/APO-1 to its ligand. The complex includes FADD/Mort1, procaspase-8/10 and c-FLIP in addition to the ligand-bound receptor. [PMID:12628743, PMID:12655293]


down-regulation of cyclase activity
down regulation of cyclase activity
downregulation of cyclase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a cyclase. [GOC:mah]


intrinsic component of endosome membrane

The component of the endosome membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


extrinsic component of endosome membrane

The component of an endosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


up-regulation of protein complex assembly

positive regulation of protein complex assembly

up regulation of protein complex assembly

upregulation of protein complex assembly

positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly. [GOC:mah]


A pentameric replication factor C (RLC) complex, which unloads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) from chromatin and has roles in telomere length regulation and other aspects of genome stability. In Saccharomyces the subunits are known as Elg1p, Rfc2p, Rfc3p, Rfc4p, and Rfc5p. [PMID:14614842, PMID:23499004, PMID:27664980]


The removal of an amino group from the side chain of an N-terminal glutamine residue of a protein. [GOC:mah]


A heterodimeric ubiquitin conjugating enzyme complex that catalyzes assembly of K63-linked polyubiquitin chains, which act as a signal to promote error-free DNA postreplication repair; in Saccharomyces the complex comprises Ubc13p and Mms2p. [GOC:mah, PMID:15772086]


Binding to eukaryotic initiation factor 4G, a polypeptide factor involved in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation. [GOC:mah]


down regulation of defense response
down-regulation of defense response
downregulation of defense response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response. [GOC:mah]


down-regulation of cell killing
down regulation of cell killing
downregulation of cell killing

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing. [GOC:mah]


negative regulation of prostaglandin synthesis

down-regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process

negative regulation of prostaglandin formation

down regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process

downregulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process

negative regulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis

negative regulation of prostaglandin anabolism

negative regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin. [GOC:mah]


intrinsic component of plastid outer membrane

The component of the plastid outer membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex location

A protein complex that possesses RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity. [GOC:mah]


The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into an organic acid. [GOC:mah]


anchored to external side of plasma membrane

anchored to external leaflet of plasma membrane

anchored component of external side of plasma membrane

The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the external side of the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


positive regulation of prostaglandin synthesis

up-regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process

positive regulation of prostaglandin anabolism

upregulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process

positive regulation of prostaglandin formation

up regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process

positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis

positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin. [GOC:mah]


Binding to a lithium ion (Li+). [GOC:mah]


up-regulation of protein ubiquitination
upregulation of protein ubiquitination
up regulation of protein ubiquitination

positive regulation of protein ubiquitination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein. [GOC:mah]


viral RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex location

A virus-specific protein complex that possesses RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity and replicates the genome of an RNA virus. [GOC:mah, PMID:15574411, PMID:15613301]


Binding to lipoic acid, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


Binding to L-ascorbic acid, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate; L-ascorbic acid is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species. [GOC:mah]


box H/ACA snoRNP pseudouridylase complex location

box H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex location

A box H/ACA RNP complex that is located in the nucleolus. [GOC:vw, ISBN:0879695897, PMID:17284456, PMID:20227365]


box C/D snoRNP ribose-2'-O-methyltransferase complex location

box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex location

box C/D snoRNP ribose 2'-O methylase complex location

A ribonucleoprotein complex containing a box C/D type RNA that can carry out ribose-2'-O-methylation of target RNAs. Box C/D type RNAs are widespread in eukaryotes and in Archaea, suggesting that an RNA-based guide mechanism for directing specific RNA 2'-O-ribose methylations was present in the common ancestor of Archaea and Eukarya. [ISBN:0879695897, PMID:11842104, PMID:17284456]


Binding to an alkali metal ion; alkali metals are those elements in group Ia of the periodic table, with the exception of hydrogen. [GOC:mah]


The conversion of a primary mRNA transcript containing more than one complete protein-coding region into individual mature mRNA molecules. [GOC:mah]


Binding to a pigment, a general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin. [GOC:mah]


oxylipin formation
oxylipin anabolism
oxylipin biosynthesis
oxylipin synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any oxylipin, any of a group of biologically active compounds formed by oxidative metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids. [GOC:mah, PMID:11960741]


glycine betaine formation
N-trimethylglycine biosynthesis
glycine betaine anabolism
glycine betaine biosynthesis
N-trimethylglycine biosynthetic process
glycine betaine synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine betaine, N-trimethylglycine. [GOC:mah]


N-terminal protein acetyltransferase complex location

A complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to the N-terminal residue of a protein acceptor molecule. [GOC:mah]


mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase binding

Binding to a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, a protein that can phosphorylate a MAP kinase kinase. [GOC:bf]


Any process that modulates an organism's tendency or ability to rise or float in a fluid medium such as water or air, often through the use of stored gases. [GOC:mah, PATO:0001420]


An intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle; a hollow structure made of protein, which usually has the form of a cylindrical tube closed by conical end caps. By regulating their relative gas vesicle content, aquatic microbes are able to perform vertical migrations. [PMID:22147705, PMID:8177173]


ATP-dependent betaine transporter activity

ABC-type betaine transmembrane transporter activity

ATPase-coupled betaine transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + a betaine(out) = ADP + phosphate + a betaine(in). [GOC:mlg]


Cul2-RING ubiquitin ligase complex location

A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul2 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an elongin-BC adaptor and a SOCS/BC box protein. [PMID:15571813, PMID:15688063]


propanediol degradation polyhedral organelle

An organelle found in bacteria consisting of a proteinaceous coat containing enzymes for the degradation of 1,2-propanediol whose purpose is the protection of the rest of the cell from the toxic propionaldehyde product of the enzyme diol dehydratase. [GOC:js, PMID:10498708, PMID:11844753, PMID:12923081]


Binding to a class III myosin; myosin III is monomeric and has an N terminal kinase domain. [GOC:mah]


Cul4A-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex location

A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul4A subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an adaptor protein. [PMID:15571813, PMID:15688063]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving menthol, the monoterpene 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol. [GOC:mah]


Myeloblastosis proto-oncogene protein complex location

A multisubunit complex consisting of Myb and other proteins that regulates site specific DNA replication, gene amplification and transcriptional repression. [PMID:12490953, PMID:15545624]


The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a filopodium. [GOC:mah]


ruffle organization and biogenesis
ruffle organisation

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a ruffle, a projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell. [GOC:mah, PMID:10036235]


negative regulation of anthocyanin anabolism

negative regulation of anthocyanin formation

downregulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process

down-regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process

down regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process

negative regulation of anthocyanin synthesis

negative regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis

negative regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of anthocyanins. [GOC:mah]


negative regulation of BDNF receptor signaling pathway

negative regulation of BDNF receptor signalling pathway

downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway

down regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway

negative regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signalling pathway

down-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway

negative regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway. [GOC:mah]


Regulation of transcription by a mechanism that allows RNA polymerase to continue transcription beyond termination site(s). [ISBN:0198577788, PMID:12456320]


positive regulation of IP3 receptor activity

positive regulation of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor activity

positive regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:signaling]


brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor binding

Binding to a brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor. [GOC:mah]


The process that establishes the spatial arrangement of membrane rafts within a cellular membrane. [GOC:mah]


up regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway

up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway

positive regulation of BDNF receptor signalling pathway

positive regulation of BDNF receptor signaling pathway

upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway

positive regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signalling pathway

positive regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway. [GOC:mah]


Protein complex that has a role in determining cell polarity, found at the tip of a growing fungal hypha. [PMID:15976451]


tRNA (m1A) methyltransferase complex location

A protein complex involved in the catalysis of the formation of the modified nucleotide 1-methyladenosine (m1A) in tRNA. In yeast, it is a heterotetramer of two subunits, Gcd10p and Gcd14p, while in bacteria and archaea it is a homotetramer. [PMID:10779558, PMID:14739239]


Trf4 poly(A) polymerase complex location

Trf4p-Air2p-Mtr4p polyadenylation complex location

A multiprotein complex having distributive polyadenylation activity of a variety of RNA substrates including hypomodified and incorrectly folded tRNAs, pre-snRNAs, pre-snoRNAs, incorrectly spliced or processed pre-mRNAs, cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs), pre-rRNAs and rRNA fragments released as part of rRNA processing. In S. cerevisiae, the complex consists of either Pap2 (also known as Trf4) or Trf5, Air1 or Air2, and Mtr4, and is involved in RNA 3'-end processing and in RNA surveillance and quality control. [PMID:15173578, PMID:15828860, PMID:15935758, PMID:15935759, PMID:16373491, PMID:16374505, PMID:16431988, PMID:16973437, PMID:17410208, PMID:17652137]


fungal-type cell wall organization and biogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fungal-type cell wall. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu]


The assembly of chromatin located adjacent to the CENP-A rich centromere 'central core' and characterized by the modified histone H3K9me3, into heterochromatin, resulting in the repression of transcription of centromeric DNA. [GOC:mah, PMID:20206496, PMID:22729156]


cytosolic proteasome core complex location

The core complex of a proteasome located in the cytosol of a cell. [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu]


Binding to beta-endorphin, a peptide generated by the cleavage of pro-opiomelanocortin. [GOC:nln, PMID:6267560]


nuclear proteasome core complex, beta-subunit complex location

The subunits forming the inner ring of the core complex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell. [GOC:mah]


nuclear proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex location

The subunits that form the peripheral lid of the regulatory particle of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell. [GOC:mah]


Binding to a ubiquitin protein ligase enzyme, any of the E3 proteins. [GOC:vp]


zymogen activation by proteolytic cleavage

The proteolytic processing of an inactive enzyme to an active form. [GOC:hjd]


up-regulation of myelination
up regulation of myelination
upregulation of myelination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons. [GOC:mah]


negative regulation of protein stability

Any process that decreases the stability of a protein, making it more vulnerable to degradative processes or aggregation. [GOC:mah]


NADH:plastoquinone reductase complex location

NADH dehydrogenase complex (plastoquinone)

NADH dehydrogenase complex location (plastoquinone)

An NADH dehydrogenase complex that catalyzes the transfer of electrons to plastoquinone. The complex is involved in the non-photochemical reduction of plastoquinones and the cyclic electron transport around photosystem I, and is found in plastid thylakoids. [DOI:10.1078/0176-1617-00593, GOC:mah]


plasma membrane-derived thylakoid membrane

The pigmented membrane of a plasma membrane-derived thylakoid. [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu]


Binding to a G-protein beta subunit. [GOC:mah]


G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding

Binding to a complex of G-protein beta/gamma subunits. [GOC:nln, GOC:vw]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients. [GOC:mah]


Binding to an A1 adenosine receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


regulation of actin filament localization


Binding to an endothelin A receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Binding to a type 1 angiotensin receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor ligand


Binding to a haptoglobin, any alpha2 globulin of blood plasma that can combine with free oxyhemoglobin to form a stable complex. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


type 1 EBV-induced G-protein coupled receptor binding

Binding to a CCR7 chemokine receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Binding to a CCR3 chemokine receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor binding


type 1 metabotropic GABA receptor binding

Binding to a type 1 metabotropic GABA receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Binding to a type 2 neuromedin U receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Binding to a type 2C serotonin receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


imaginal disc-derived wing hair elongation

Growth of a prehair in the approximately 10 hour period following its emergence from an epidermal cell in an imaginal disc-derived wing. Prehair elongation is guided and/or driven by the polymerization of actin filaments and the orderly crosslinking of filaments into bundles. [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:11832234]


Binding to a type 1 member 3 taste receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Binding to a type 3 somatostatin receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Edg-2 lysophosphatidic acid receptor binding

Binding to an Edg-2 lysophosphatidic acid receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Edg-3 sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor binding

Binding to an Edg-3 sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


chloroplast inner membrane translocase complex location

The translocon of the inner envelope of chloroplasts, which facilitates the import of proteins across the chloroplast inner membrane. [PMID:12180471, PMID:12393016]


The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the chromoplast envelope. [GOC:pz]


type 4 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding

Binding to a type 4 metabotropic glutamate receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


type 1 cysteinyl leukotriene receptor binding

Binding to a type 1 cysteinyl leukotriene receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing in a cellular organelle, lipid bilayer of an organelle envelope. [GOC:mah]


downregulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation

down regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation

down-regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation

negative regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid beta-oxidation. [GOC:mah]


down regulation of synaptic plasticity
down-regulation of synaptic plasticity
downregulation of synaptic plasticity

negative regulation of synaptic plasticity

A process that decreases synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers. [GOC:mah]


up-regulation of synaptic plasticity
upregulation of synaptic plasticity
up regulation of synaptic plasticity

positive regulation of synaptic plasticity

A process that increases synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers. [GOC:mah]


A two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin. [GOC:mah]


The directed movement of pyridoxine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, is one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate. [GOC:mah]


short-chain fatty-acid-CoA ligase activity

short-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a short-chain fatty acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA; short-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with a chain length of less than C6. [GOC:mah, PMID:34904027]


The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of a chloroplast envelope. [GOC:mah]


Absorbing energy from one or more photons and transferring their energy to another molecule, usually a protein, within the cell. [GOC:mah, GOC:mlg]


The volume enclosed by the membranes of a glyoxysome. [GOC:mah]


Binding to insulin-like growth factor II. [GOC:mah]


Stable, specialized structure for the ingestion of food by the cell into phagosomes. [PMID:10503189]


up regulation of synaptic metaplasticity

up-regulation of synaptic metaplasticity

positive regulation of synaptic metaplasticity

A process that increases synaptic metaplasticity. Metaplasticity is a higher-order form of plasticity and is manifest as a change in the ability to induce subsequent synaptic plasticity that is the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. [GOC:mah, PMID:8658594]


corticosteroid receptor signalling pathway

corticosteroid receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by corticosteroid binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:mah, PMID:11027914, PMID:12606724]


A multilayered structure surrounding all or part of a cell; encompasses one or more lipid bilayers, and may include a cell wall layer; also includes the space between layers. [GOC:mah, GOC:pz]


N-terminal myristoylation domain binding

Binding to the N-terminus of a protein that has the potential to be, or has been, modified by N-terminal myristoylation. Binding affinity is typically altered by myristoylation; for example, N-terminal myristoylation of HIV Nef increases its affinity for calmodulin. [GOC:dl, GOC:jsg, PMID:15632291]


G-protein coupled histamine receptor binding

G protein-coupled histamine receptor binding

Binding to a G protein-coupled (metabotropic) histamine receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln, PMID:12679144]


Binding to a H1 histamine receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Binding to a type 2 hypocretin receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


adrenocorticotropin hormone receptor binding

Binding to a corticotropin hormone receptor. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Binding to a galanin receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Formation of hardened covering (a scab) at a wound site. The scab has multiple functions including limiting blood loss, providing structural stability to the wound and guarding against infection. [GOC:bf, PMID:15269788]


follicle stimulating hormone receptor binding

follicle-stimulating hormone receptor binding

Binding to a follicle-stimulating hormone receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a molecule. [GOC:bf]


Portion of the cell formed during the process of bacterial sporulation that will ultimately become the core of the endospore. An endospore is a type of dormant cell that is resistant to adverse conditions. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0697286029]


cytotoxic T-lymphocyte granule exocytosis

cytotoxic T lymphocyte granule exocytosis

The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a cytotoxic T cell. [ISBN:0781735149]


regulation of cytotoxic T-cell granule exocytosis

regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte degranulation

regulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte degranulation

regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte granule exocytosis

regulation of cytotoxic T-cell degranulation

regulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte granule exocytosis

regulation of cytotoxic T cell granule exocytosis

regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation. [ISBN:0781735149]


negative regulation of cytotoxic T-cell degranulation

downregulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation

negative regulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte granule exocytosis

negative regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte degranulation

negative regulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte degranulation

negative regulation of cytotoxic T-cell granule exocytosis

negative regulation of cytotoxic T cell granule exocytosis

down regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation

negative regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte granule exocytosis

down-regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation

negative regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of cytotoxic T cell degranulation. [ISBN:0781735149]


Exit from the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage of nematode development. [GOC:cab1, PMID:12620986]


positive regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte granule exocytosis

positive regulation of cytotoxic T-cell degranulation

positive regulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte degranulation

positive regulation of cytotoxic T cell granule exocytosis

positive regulation of cytotoxic T-cell granule exocytosis

positive regulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte granule exocytosis

up regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation

up-regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation

upregulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation

positive regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte degranulation

positive regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation. [ISBN:0781735149]


positive regulation of neutrophil granule exocytosis

up-regulation of neutrophil degranulation

up regulation of neutrophil degranulation

upregulation of neutrophil degranulation

positive regulation of neutrophil degranulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil degranulation. [ISBN:0781735149]


The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as proteases, lipases, and inflammatory mediators by a neutrophil. [ISBN:0781735149]


Maintenance of a nematode during the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage of nematode development. [GOC:cab1, WB_REF:wm2003ab740]


chemotaxis to adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of 3',5'-cAMP. [GOC:go_curators]


regulation of eosinophil granule exocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of eosinophil degranulation. [ISBN:0781735149]


positive regulation of NK cell degranulation

positive regulation of natural killer cell granule exocytosis

upregulation of natural killer cell degranulation

up regulation of natural killer cell degranulation

positive regulation of NK cell granule exocytosis

up-regulation of natural killer cell degranulation

positive regulation of natural killer cell degranulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell degranulation. [ISBN:0781735149]


NK cell granule exocytosis
natural killer cell granule exocytosis
NK cell degranulation

The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a natural killer cell. [ISBN:0781735149]


The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of folate. [GOC:go_curators]


Entry into the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage of nematode development. [GOC:cab1, GOC:kmv, PMID:10077613]


mitochondrial glutamate synthase complex location (NADH)

mitochondrial glutamate synthase complex (NADH)

A protein complex, found in the mitochondria, that in yeast consists of a large and a small subunit. Possesses glutamate synthase (NADH) activity. [GOC:jl, PMID:7047525]


enucleate red blood cell differentiation

The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specialized features of an erythrocyte without a nucleus. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. [GOC:go_curators]


downregulation of leukocyte degranulation

down-regulation of leukocyte degranulation

negative regulation of immune cell degranulation

negative regulation of leucocyte degranulation

down regulation of leukocyte degranulation

negative regulation of leukocyte degranulation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of leukocyte degranulation. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


negative regulation of CD8-positive T lymphocyte differentiation

down regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

negative regulation of CD8-positive T-lymphocyte differentiation

negative regulation of CD8-positive T-cell differentiation

negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha beta T lymphocyte differentiation

down-regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha beta T-lymphocyte differentiation

negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha beta T-cell differentiation

downregulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hexaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-hexaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. [GOC:kd, PMID:9083048]


apical cell junction complex
apical junction complex location
apical junction
apical cell junction complex location

A functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells, which in vertebrates is composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens, and desmosomes and in some invertebrates, such as Drosophila, is composed of the subapical complex (SAC), the zonula adherens and the septate junction. Functions in the regulation of cell polarity, tissue integrity and intercellular adhesion and permeability. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:kmv, PMID:12525486, PMID:15196556]


nucleate red blood cell maturation
nucleate RBC maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a nucleate erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. A nucleate erythrocyte is an erythrocyte with a nucleus. [GOC:devbiol, GOC:jl]


mycotoxin anabolism
mycotoxin synthesis
mycotoxin formation
mycotoxin biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus. [GOC:jl]


mycotoxin breakdown
mycotoxin catabolism
mycotoxin degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus. [GOC:jl]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus. [GOC:jl]


The regulated release of cortisol, a steroid hormone that in humans is the major circulating hormone of the cortex, or outer layer, of the adrenal gland. [PMID:11027914]


positive regulation of mitogen activated protein kinase activity

positive regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase activity

positive regulation of MAP kinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators]


The directional movement of an organism from one place to another within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:cc]


A layer surrounding a bacterial endospore found inside the outer endospore membrane, but outside the membrane surrounding the endospore core. It consists of peptidoglycan of a different chemical nature than that found in vegetative cell walls which results in less cross-linking of peptidoglycan. [GOC:mlg]


cytoplasmic DNA replication factor C complex location

A cytoplasmic complex of two polypeptides that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase. Examples of this component are found in prokaryotic species. [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:14646196, PMID:16172520]


Disassembly of a spliceosomal complex with the ATP-dependent release of the product RNAs, one of which is composed of the joined exons. In cis splicing, the other product is the excised sequence, often a single intron, in a lariat structure. [GOC:krc, ISBN:0879695897]


The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a ruffle. [GOC:mah]


compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an eye photoreceptor cell. [GOC:go_curators]


The process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. Examples in animals would include blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and other endothelial or epithelial tubes. [ISBN:0721662544]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lymph vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:dph, UBERON:0001473]


regulation of cytokine mediated signalling pathway

regulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway

regulation of cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway

regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cytokine mediated signaling pathway. [GOC:hjd]


down-regulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway

negative regulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway

negative regulation of cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway

downregulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway

down regulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway

negative regulation of cytokine mediated signalling pathway

negative regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cytokine mediated signaling pathway. [GOC:hjd]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized epidermal cell acquires the specialized features of a sebaceous gland cell. [GOC:mgi_curators, PMID:15737203]


Binding to a G-protein alpha subunit. The alpha subunit binds a guanine nucleotide. [GOC:hjd]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hair follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A hair follicle is a tube-like opening in the epidermis where the hair shaft develops and into which the sebaceous glands open. [GOC:dph, UBERON:0002073]


The reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels. [GOC:hjd]


adenosine receptor signaling pathway, G-protein coupled

G protein-coupled adenosine receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a receptor binding to extracellular adenosine and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity. [GOC:dph]


Specific behavior of a newborn or infant mammal that results in the derivation of nourishment from the breast. [GOC:dph, GOC:pr]


renin-angiotensin blood pressure control

circulatory renin-angiotensin control of blood pressure

control of blood pressure by circulatory renin-angiotensin


positive regulation of membrane attack complex formation

positive regulation of activation of MAC

upregulation of activation of membrane attack complex

up-regulation of activation of membrane attack complex

positive regulation of membrane attack complex assembly

up regulation of activation of membrane attack complex

positive regulation of activation of membrane attack complex

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade. [GOC:hjd]


norepinephrine-epinephrine blood pressure control


detection of carbon dioxide by vasomotor center

The process by a carbon dioxide stimulus is received and converted to a molecular signal by the vasomotor center of the central nervous system. [ISBN:0721643949]


angiotensin mediated control of renal output


The process that results in increased metabolic rate in tissues of an organism. It is triggered by the detection of dietary excess. This process is achieved via signalling in the sympathetic nervous system. [PMID:12161655]


The neurological process in which the brain senses excessive caloric intake. [PMID:12161655]


regulation of the force of heart contraction

Any process that modulates the extent of heart contraction, changing the force with which blood is propelled. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, PMID:10358008]


norepinephrine-epinephrine vasodilation during blood pressure regulation

vasodilation by norepinephrine-epinephrine involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

noradrenaline-adrenaline vasodilation involved in regulation of blood pressure

norepinephrine-epinephrine-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

A process that results in an increase in the diameter of an artery during the norepinephrine-epinephrine response to blood pressure change. [GOC:mtg_cardio, PMID:10358008]


inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor phosphorylation

inhibitory G protein-coupled receptor phosphorylation

The process that inhibits the signaling function of a G protein-coupled receptor by addition of a phosphate group to its third intracellular loop consensus site. [PMID:8396717]


renin-angiotensin regulation of blood vessel size

regulation of blood vessel size by renin-angiotensin


Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane. [GOC:mah, GOC:pz, GOC:vesicles]


The large subunit of the 80s ribosome of eukaryotes. It is composed of the 28S RIBOSOMAL RNA, the 5.8S RIBOSOMAL RNA, the 5S RIBOSOMAL RNA, and about 50 different RIBOSOMAL PROTEINS.


protein amino acid N-linked glycosylation

A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via the N4 atom of peptidyl-asparagine, the omega-N of arginine, or the N1' atom peptidyl-tryptophan. [GOC:pr, RESID:AA0151, RESID:AA0156, RESID:AA0327]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the haltere over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The haltere is the club-shaped 'balancers' found on each side of the metathorax among the true flies (Diptera). They are the much-modified hind wings. [GOC:jid, http://www.earthlife.net]


activation of APC-Cdc20 complex activity


regulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle

modulation of syncytial blastoderm cell cycle progression

regulation of syncytial blastoderm cell cycle progression

syncytial blastoderm cell cycle regulation

syncytial blastoderm cell cycle modulation

regulation of syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle

A cell cycle process that modulates the rate or extent of the progression through the syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]


Catalyses the reaction: ATP + H2O + guanine(out) = ADP + phosphate + guanine(in). [RHEA:20832]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0582227089]


The process in which a change in the level of mono- and disaccharide glucose trigger the expression of genes controlling metabolic and developmental processes. [GOC:sm]


farnesyl diphosphate anabolism, mevalonate pathway

farnesyl diphosphate synthesis, mevalonate pathway

farnesyl diphosphate formation, mevalonate pathway

farnesyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway

The pathway that converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) through a series of mevalonate intermediates. Farnesyl diphosphate is an important substrate for other essential pathways, such as biosynthesis of sterols. [GOC:pz, MetaCyc:PWY-922]


ABC-type oligosaccharide transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + oligosaccharide(out) = ADP + phosphate + oligosaccharide(in). [EC:7.5.2.2]


establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradient

The directed movement of ions to establish or maintain an electrochemical gradient across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah, GOC:sm]


Formation of radial microtubular systems during male meiotic cytokinesis in plants. [GOC:syr]


ABC-type phosphonate transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + phosphonate(out) = ADP + phosphate + phosphonate(in). A phosphonate is any salt, anion, or ester of phosphonic acid (HPO(OH)2). [RHEA:18065]


transition from vegetative to reproductive phase

vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem

The process involved in transforming a meristem that produces vegetative structures, such as leaves, into a meristem that produces reproductive structures, such as a flower or an inflorescence. [GOC:tb]


ABC-type beta-glucan transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + beta-glucan(in) = ADP + phosphate + beta-glucan(out). [RHEA:18453]


rhamnogalacturonan I formation
rhamnogalacturonan I synthesis
rhamnogalacturonan I anabolism
rhamnogalacturonan I biosynthesis

rhamnogalacturonan I biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnogalacturonan I component of pectin, a rhamnose-rich pectic polysaccharide. [GOC:pz]


protein amino acid O-linked glycosylation via tyrosine

protein O-linked glycosylation via tyrosine

The glycosylation of protein via the O4' atom of peptidyl-tyrosine, O4'-glycosyl-L-tyrosine; the carbohydrate is glucose, the origin for glycogen. [RESID:AA0157]


protein amino acid O-linked glycosylation via hydroxylysine

protein O-linked glycosylation via hydroxylysine

The glycosylation of protein via the O5 atom of peptidyl-hydroxylysine, forming O5-glycosyl-L-hydroxylysine; the most common form is galactosyl hydroxylysine. [RESID:AA0153]


The series of events required for an organism to receive a fast pain stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. Fast pain is often subjectively described as a sharp or stabbing pain; in humans, the signals from a fast pain stimulus are perceived and relayed along myelinated A-delta fibers to the central nervous system, reaching their target in about 0.1 seconds. [http://www.spine-health.com/]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte, megakaryocyte, thrombocyte, or erythrocyte lineages. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. [GOC:cjm, GOC:dph, GOC:ems, GOC:pf, Wikipedia:Cell_migration]


The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet dense granule. [GOC:mah]


The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet alpha granule. [GOC:mah, PMID:8467233]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of holo-[acyl-carrier protein]. [GOC:mlg]


The controlled breakdown of a septin ring. [GOC:mah]


The regrowth of dendrites in response to their loss or damage. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


regulation of microtubule polymerization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization. [GOC:mah]


A protein complex containing septins. Typically, these complexes contain multiple septins and are oligomeric. [GOC:mah, PMID:15385632]


down-regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization

downregulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization

down regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization

negative regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization. [GOC:mah]


Control of the formation, spatial distribution, and breakdown of the septin ring. [GOC:mah]


regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of conjugation with cellular fusion. [GOC:mah]


rhizobactin 1021 biosynthetic process, peptide modification


induction of conjugation upon nitrogen starvation

The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon nitrogen starvation. [GOC:mah]


The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an snRNA molecule. [GOC:mah]


SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown

SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism

SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation

SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by an SCF (Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein) complex, and mediated by the proteasome. [PMID:15380083]


ferrichrome biosynthetic process, peptide formation


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one, also known as DIF-1, differentiation-inducing factor-1. DIF-1 is a secreted chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells. [GOC:mah, PMID:10706822]


chrysobactin biosynthetic process, peptide modification


regulation of aggregation during fruiting body formation


A protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers. One well-characterized example is the neuronal SNARE complex formed of synaptobrevin 2, syntaxin 1a, and SNAP-25. [GOC:bhm, GOC:pr, PMID:10872468, PMID:19450911]


regulation of fruiting body formation
regulation of fruiting body development

regulation of reproductive fruiting body development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive fruiting body development. [GOC:mah]


WAVE complex location
WRC
WAVE regulatory complex location
WAVE regulatory complex
SCAR complex location
WAVE complex

A pentameric complex that includes orthologues of human PIR121, Nap1, Abi, SCAR, and HSPC300 and regulates actin polymerization and/or depolymerization through small GTPase mediated signal transduction. [GOC:hla, GOC:pg, PMID:12181570, PMID:24036345, PMID:24630101]


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-galactosidic linkages in arabinogalactans. [EC:3.2.1.89, GOC:mlg]


protein docking during posttranslational protein targeting to membrane

posttranslational protein targeting to membrane, docking

posttranslational protein membrane targeting, docking

post-translational protein targeting to membrane, docking

The process in which the signal sequence of a translated protein binds to and forms a complex with the Sec complex. [PMID:12518217, PMID:8707814]


siderophore biosynthetic process, peptide formation


The precipitation of calcium carbonate onto the organic matrix of a shell, such as a mollusc shell. [GOC:mah, PMID:15132736]


ER protein translocation subcomplex location

A protein complex involved in the posttranslational targeting of proteins to the ER. In yeast, it is a tetrameric complex consisting of Sec62p, Sec63p, Sec71p and Sec72p. [PMID:12518317, PMID:14617809]


A protein complex with palmitoyltransferase activity. [GOC:hjd]


ferrichrome biosynthesis
ferrichrome formation
ferrichrome anabolism
ferrichrome synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ferrichrome. Ferrichromes are any of a group of growth-promoting Fe(III) chelates formed by various genera of microfungi. They are homodetic cyclic hexapeptides made up of a tripeptide of glycine (or other small neutral amino acids) and a tripeptide of an N'acyl-N4-hydroxy-L-ornithine. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


intrinsic to external leaflet of cell outer membrane

intrinsic to external side of outer membrane

intrinsic to external side of cell outer membrane

intrinsic component of external side of cell outer membrane

The component of the cell outer membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes that penetrate the external side of the cell outer membrane only, either directly or via some covalently attached hydrophobic anchor. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu]


poly(A) nuclease complex location
PAN complex location
poly(A) nuclease complex

A complex that possesses poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity; catalyzes the message-specific shortening of mRNA poly(A) tails. Contains at least two subunits, known as Pan2p and Pan3p in Saccharomyces. [PMID:9774670]


protein acetyltransferase complex location

A complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to a protein acceptor molecule. [GOC:bf]


internal leaflet of cell outer membrane
internal side of outer membrane
internal side of cell outer membrane

The side (leaflet) of the outer membrane that faces the periplasm of the cell. [GOC:mlg, GOC:mtg_sensu]


intrinsic to endoplasmic reticulum membrane

intrinsic component of endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The component of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


intrinsic component of peroxisomal membrane

The component of the peroxisomal membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


extrinsic to external side of plasma membrane, in periplasmic space

extrinsic component of periplasmic side of plasma membrane

The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its periplasmic surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu]


During ascospore formation, the process in which each haploid nucleus becomes encapsulated by a double membrane. [GOC:mah, PMID:14702385]


regulation of cellular formation
regulation of cellular biosynthesis
regulation of cellular anabolism
regulation of cellular synthesis

regulation of cellular biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. [GOC:mah]


The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a uropod. [GOC:mah]


The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the trailing edge of a motile cell. [GOC:mah]


The area of a motile cell perpendicular to the direction of movement. [GOC:pg, GOC:pr]


TRAIL death-inducing signalling complex location

TRAIL death-inducing signaling complex location

A protein complex formed upon binding of TRAIL to its ligand. The complex includes FADD/Mort1 and procaspase-8 addition to the ligand-bound receptor. [PMID:12628743, PMID:12655293]


The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the B- or T cell receptor to augment B- or T cell activation. [ISBN:0781735149]


The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a pseudopodium. [GOC:mah]


down-regulation of stalk cell differentiation

downregulation of stalk cell differentiation

down regulation of stalk cell differentiation

negative regulation of stalk cell differentiation

negative regulation of sorocarp stalk cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp stalk cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum. [GOC:kp, GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:4338436]


The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Ran family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state. [GOC:mah]


regulation of guanylate cyclase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of guanylate cyclase activity. [GOC:mah]


T lymphocyte costimulation
T-cell costimulation
T-cell co-stimulation
T-lymphocyte costimulation
T cell co-stimulation

The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the T cell receptor to augment T cell activation. [ISBN:0781735149]


B-cell costimulation
B-lymphocyte co-stimulation
B lymphocyte costimulation
B cell co-stimulation
B-cell co-stimulation
B-lymphocyte costimulation
B lymphocyte co-stimulation

The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the B cell receptor to augment B cell activation. [ISBN:0781735149]


negative regulation of cellular degradation

negative regulation of cellular catabolism

down-regulation of cellular catabolic process

down regulation of cellular catabolic process

downregulation of cellular catabolic process

negative regulation of cellular breakdown

negative regulation of cellular catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. [GOC:mah]


membrane protein intracellular domain proteolysis

The proteolytic cleavage of a transmembrane protein leading to the release of an intracellular domain. [PMID:12808018]


The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. [GOC:ejs]


folate detection
folic acid detection
folic acid sensing
folate sensing
detection of folate

The series of events in which a folic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. [GOC:pg]


intrinsic component of vacuolar membrane

The component of the vacuolar membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


integral component of nuclear outer membrane

The component of the nuclear outer membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


extrinsic component of nuclear outer membrane

The component of a nuclear outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


downregulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process

down-regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process

down regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process

negative regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolism

negative regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur amino acids. [GOC:mah]


down regulation of protein complex assembly

downregulation of protein complex assembly

negative regulation of protein complex assembly

down-regulation of protein complex assembly

negative regulation of protein-containing complex assembly

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly. [GOC:mah]


Any protein complex that mediates the effects of small interfering RNAs on gene expression. Most known examples contain one or more members of the Argonaute family of proteins. [GOC:mah, PMID:14704433]


up-regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process

up regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process

upregulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process

positive regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolism

positive regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur amino acids. [GOC:mah]


Binding to a translation initiation factor, any polypeptide factor involved in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation. [GOC:mah]


up regulation of cell projection organization

positive regulation of cell projection organisation

upregulation of cell projection organization

positive regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis

up-regulation of cell projection organization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. [GOC:mah]


intrinsic component of plastid inner membrane

The component of the plastid inner membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing, the process in which a cell brings about the death of another cell, either in the same or a different organism. [GOC:mah]


regulation of termination of mating projection growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the end of mating projection formation by unicellular fungi. [PMID:14734532]


Rad17-RLC
RFC (Rad17)
Rad24p RFC-like complex
Rad17 RFC-like complex location
Rad17-RFC
Rad24p RFC-like complex location

A pentameric protein complex related to replication factor C, which loads a trimeric complex of checkpoint proteins (known as the checkpoint clamp or 9-1-1 complex) onto DNA at damage sites; functions in DNA damage cell cycle checkpoints. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe the subunits are known as Rad17, Rfc2, Rfc3, Rfc4, and Rfc5, while in Saccharomyces cerevisiae the subunits are known as Rad24p, Rfc2p, Rfc3p, Rfc4p, and Rfc5p. [PMID:14614842]


integral component of plastid outer membrane

The component of the plastid outer membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


integral component of chloroplast inner membrane

The component of the chloroplast inner membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


intrinsic component of chloroplast outer membrane

The component of the chloroplast outer membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


intrinsic component of chloroplast inner membrane

The component of the chloroplast inner membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


N-terminal protein amino acid deamination, from side chain

The removal of an amino group from the side chain of an N-terminal asparagine or glutamine residue of a protein. [GOC:mah]


downregulation of protein modification
down-regulation of protein modification
down regulation of protein modification

negative regulation of protein modification process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein. [GOC:mah, GOC:tb]


N-terminal acetyltransferase C complex location

A conserved complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to the N-terminal residue of a protein acceptor molecule that has a Met-Ile, Met-Leu, Met-Trp, or Met-Phe N-terminus. In Saccharomyces the complex includes Mak3p, Mak10p, and Mak31p. [PMID:12890471]


N-terminal acetyltransferase B complex location

A conserved complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to the N-terminal residue of a protein acceptor molecule that has a Met-Glu, Met-Asp, Met-Asn, or Met-Met N-terminus. In Saccharomyces the complex includes Nat3p and Mdm20p. [PMID:12890471]


N-terminal acetyltransferase A complex location

A conserved complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to an N-terminal Ser, Ala, Gly, or Thr residue of a protein acceptor molecule. In Saccharomyces the complex includes Nat1p and Ard1p, and may contain additional proteins. [PMID:12890471]


Binding to a hexon, the major protein component of the icosahedral capsid of an adenovirus. [GOC:mah, PMID:12915569]


A heterodimeric complex comprising BRCA1 and BARD1, which possesses ubiquitin ligase activity and is involved in genome maintenance, possibly by functioning in surveillance for DNA damage. [PMID:12787778]


upregulation of mRNA 3'-end processing
up-regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing
up regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing

positive regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-end processing. [GOC:mah]


Binding to titin, any of a family of giant proteins found in striated and smooth muscle. In striated muscle, single titin molecules span half the sarcomere, with their N- and C-termini in the Z-disc and M-line, respectively. [GOC:mah, PMID:10481174]


cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex location

Any ubiquitin ligase complex in which the catalytic core consists of a member of the cullin family and a RING domain protein; the core is associated with one or more additional proteins that confer substrate specificity. [PMID:15571813, PMID:15688063]


ATPase-coupled glycine betaine transporter activity

ATP-dependent glycine betaine transporter activity

glycine betaine-transporting ATPase activity

ABC-type glycine betaine transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + glycine betaine(out) = ADP + phosphate + glycine betaine(in). [GOC:mlg, RHEA:32783]


down-regulation of mating type switching

down regulation of mating type switching

negative regulation of mating type switching

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mating type switching. [GOC:mah]


Cul4B-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex location

A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul4B subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by unknown subunits. [PMID:15571813, PMID:15688063]


Cul7-RING ubiquitin ligase complex location

A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul7 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 linker and an F-box protein. [PMID:15571813, PMID:15688063]


Cul5-RING ubiquitin ligase complex location

A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul5 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an elongin-BC adaptor and a SOCS/BC box protein. [PMID:15571813, PMID:15688063]


regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity

regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-activated receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-activated receptor activity. [GOC:mah]


nuclear proteasome core complex location

The core complex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell. [GOC:mah]


down regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity

downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity

negative regulation of BDNF receptor activity

down-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity

negative regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity

negative regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-activated receptor activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-activated receptor activity. [GOC:mah]


intracellular signal transduction involved in G1 DNA damage checkpoint

intracellular signaling pathway involved in G1 DNA damage checkpoint

intracellular signaling chain involved in G1 DNA damage checkpoint

intracellular signaling pathway involved in G1/S DNA damage checkpoint

signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in G1 DNA damage checkpoint

intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in G1/S DNA damage checkpoint

intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in G1 DNA damage checkpoint

intracellular signaling chain involved in G1/S DNA damage checkpoint

signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in G1/S DNA damage checkpoint

signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in G1 DNA damage checkpoint

intracellular signal transduction involved in G1/S DNA damage checkpoint

mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling

A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle]


regulation of inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate receptor activity

regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:signaling]


The attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules. [GOC:mah, GOC:pf]


5'-AMP-activated protein kinase complex location


down regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process

downregulation of anthocyanin metabolic process

negative regulation of anthocyanin metabolism

down-regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process

negative regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving anthocyanins. [GOC:mah]


brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signalling pathway

brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. [GOC:mah]


signal transduction involved in S-M checkpoint

mitotic cell cycle DNA replication checkpoint

mitotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling

A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic DNA replication checkpoint. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle]


A proteasome complex found in the cytosol of a cell. [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu]


A multisubunit protein complex that binds to centromeric DNA and initiates kinetochore assembly. In yeast, this complex consists of four subunits, namely Ctf13p, Skp1p, Cep3p and Cbf2p. [PMID:13679521, PMID:9407032]


cytosolic proteasome regulatory particle

A multisubunit complex located in the cytosol of a cell, which caps one or both ends of the proteasome core complex. This complex recognizes, unfolds ubiquitinated proteins and translocates them to the proteasome core complex. [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu]


An amorphous structure surrounding the core of the centrosome, from which microtubules are nucleated; contains gamma-tubulin. [GOC:kp, GOC:mah]


PMT family mannosyltransferase complex location


cell wall glycoprotein synthesis
cell wall glycoprotein biosynthesis
cell wall glycoprotein anabolism
cell wall glycoprotein formation

cell wall glycoprotein biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall glycoproteins, any cell wall protein that contains covalently bound sugar residues. [GOC:mah]


SUMO E1 activator enzyme complex location

A conserved heterodimeric complex with SUMO activating enzyme activity. [PMID:15601841]


rDNA spacer replication fork barrier binding

Binding to replication fork barriers, sites that inhibit the progress of replication forks. [GOC:mah]


opioid receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway

adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by an opioid binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, GOC:tb]


Binding to a ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, any of the E2 proteins. [GOC:vp]


The process in which inactive plasminogen is processed to active plasmin. This process includes cleavage at an internal Arg-Val site to form an N-terminal A-chain and C-terminal B-chain held together by a disulfide bond, and can include further proteolytic cleavage events to remove the preactivation peptide. [PMID:9548733]


down-regulation of heat generation
down regulation of heat generation
downregulation of heat generation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of heat generation. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb]


downregulation of myelination
down-regulation of myelination
down regulation of myelination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons. [GOC:mah]


NADH dehydrogenase (plastoquinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + plastoquinone = NAD+ + plastoquinol. [EC:1.6.99.6, GOC:mah]


Binding to a G-protein gamma subunit. [GOC:mah]


DNA glycosylase/AP-lyase
DNA glycosylase/beta-lyase


SNF1A/AMP-activated protein kinase activity


tumor necrosis factor receptor activity, type I


type 1 Burkitt's lymphoma receptor binding

Binding to a CXCR5 chemokine receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Binding to an endothelin B receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


bonzo receptor binding
STRL33 receptor binding

Binding to a CXCR6 chemokine receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


C5L2 anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor ligand


Binding to a hemoglobin alpha chain. [GOC:mah]


Binding to a substance P receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


type 1 parathyroid hormone receptor binding

Binding to a type 1 parathyroid hormone receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Binding to a delta-type opioid receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor binding


Binding to a type 2 neuropeptide Y receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


platelet activating factor receptor binding

Binding to a platelet activating factor receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


prolactin-releasing peptide receptor ligand


Binding to a V2 vasopressin receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


type 2 vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor ligand


Binding to a prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Binding to a D5 dopamine receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Edg-7 lysophosphatidic acid receptor binding

Binding to an Edg-7 lysophosphatidic acid receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


type 6 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding

Binding to a type 6 metabotropic glutamate receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


lipid particle transport along microtubule

lipid droplet transport along microtubule

The directed movement of a lipid droplet along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. [PMID:9491895]


type 3 proteinase activated receptor ligand


Binding to a XCR1 chemokine receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


type 3 metabotropic glutamate receptor ligand


type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding

Binding to a type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


The directed movement of pyridoxal into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Pyridoxal, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, is one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate. [GOC:mah]


The volume enclosed by a thylakoid membrane. [GOC:mah, GOC:pz]


regulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation

regulation of protein autophosphorylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues. [GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosteroid hormone stimulus. A corticosteroid is a steroid hormone that is produced in the adrenal cortex. Corticosteroids are involved in a wide range of physiologic systems such as stress response, immune response and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behavior. They include glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. [GOC:mah, PMID:11027914]


The volume enclosed by a plasma membrane-derived thylakoid. [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu]


A process that modulates synaptic metaplasticity. Metaplasticity is a higher-order form of plasticity and is manifest as a change in the ability to induce subsequent synaptic plasticity that is the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. [GOC:mah, PMID:8658594]


Binding to a H2 histamine receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


type 2 cysteinyl leukotriene receptor ligand


Binding to a CX3C chemokine receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Binding to a D3 dopamine receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


positive regulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation

up regulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation

upregulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation

up-regulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation

positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues. [GOC:mah]


locomotion involved in locomotory behavior

Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. [GOC:mah]


Binding to an interleukin-28 receptor. [GOC:rph]


A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a bombesin binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:mah]


The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of a chromoplast envelope. [GOC:mah]


down regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process

negative regulation of glucocorticoid metabolism

down-regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process

downregulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process

negative regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids. [GOC:mah]


The directed movement of any of the vitamin B6 compounds -- pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate -- into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah]


metastin receptor binding
G-protein coupled receptor 54 binding
hOT7T175 receptor binding
hypogonadotropin-1 receptor binding
KiSS-1 receptor binding

Binding to a kisspeptin receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


type 1 growth hormone secretagogue GH-releasing peptide receptor binding

Binding to a ghrelin receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor binding

Binding to a gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Binding to a type 1E serotonin receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Binding to a P2Y11 nucleotide receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Binding to a type 1B serotonin receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


melanin-concentrating hormone receptor binding

Binding to a melanin-concentrating hormone receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Binding to a P2Y4 nucleotide receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hair cell. [GOC:bf]


The process in which a cell in the larval wing imaginal disc becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a notum cell, if left in its normal environment. [PMID:10860999]


downregulation of eosinophil degranulation

down regulation of eosinophil degranulation

down-regulation of eosinophil degranulation

negative regulation of eosinophil granule exocytosis

negative regulation of eosinophil degranulation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of eosinophil degranulation. [ISBN:0781735149]


regulation of neutrophil granule exocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil degranulation. [ISBN:0781735149]


The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as major basic protein, eosinophil peroxidase, and eosinophil cationic protein by an eosinophil. [ISBN:0781735149]


down-regulation of neutrophil degranulation

down regulation of neutrophil degranulation

negative regulation of neutrophil granule exocytosis

downregulation of neutrophil degranulation

negative regulation of neutrophil degranulation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of neutrophil degranulation. [ISBN:0781735149]


regulation of NK cell granule exocytosis

regulation of natural killer cell granule exocytosis

regulation of natural killer cell degranulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell degranulation. [ISBN:0781735149]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1,6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in pullulan (a linear polymer of alpha-(1,6)-linked maltotriose units) and in amylopectin and glycogen, and the a- and b-limit dextrins of amylopectin and glycogen. [EC:3.2.1.41]


dictyosome vesicle coat depolymerization


dictyosome vesicle docking to target membrane


up regulation of mast cell degranulation

up-regulation of mast cell degranulation

positive regulation of mast cell granule exocytosis

positive regulation of mast cell degranulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mast cell degranulation. [ISBN:0781735149]


regulation of leukocyte granule exocytosis

regulation of immune cell granule exocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte degranulation. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


The change in morphology and behavior of a eosinophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


negative regulation of mast cell granule exocytosis

downregulation of mast cell degranulation

down-regulation of mast cell degranulation

down regulation of mast cell degranulation

negative regulation of mast cell degranulation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of mast cell degranulation. [ISBN:0781735149]


sporangia development
sporangium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sporangium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A sporangium is a structure producing and containing spores. [GOC:jl, Wikipedia:Sporagium]


regulation of memory T lymphocyte differentiation

regulation of memory T-lymphocyte differentiation

regulation of memory T-cell differentiation

regulation of memory T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of memory T cell differentiation. [ISBN:0781735149]


site-specific telomere resolvase activity

Catalysis of a site-specific breakage and reunion reaction that generates two hairpin telomeres from a replicated telomere substrate. Occurs via a two-step transesterification with a protein-DNA intermediate similar to that used by topoisomerases and site-specific recombinases. [GOC:jl, PMID:11804598]


The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine, serotonin, and neutral proteases by a mast cell. [ISBN:0781735149]


regulation of mast cell granule exocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell degranulation. [ISBN:0781735149]


Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + 2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphate = CDP-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol. [GOC:jl, PMID:10960477, RHEA:25690]


The regulated release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a polypeptide hormone involved in the stress response. CRH is produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates corticotropic cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary to produce corticotropic hormone (CTH) and other biologically active substances e.g. 2-endorphin, release of CRH is affected by serum levels of cortisol, by stress and by the sleep/wake cycle. [GOC:go_curators, PMID:11027914]


glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a glucocorticoid hormone. [PMID:15240347]


The phase of cell nucleus division following METAPHASE, in which the CHROMATIDS separate and migrate to opposite poles of the spindle.


spindle checkpoint signaling
spindle checkpoint

A signaling process that that controls a cell cycle checkpoint that originates from the mitotic or meiotic spindle. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle]

signal transduction involved in spindle checkpoint


A protein complex with alpha-(1->6)-mannosyltransferase activity, located in the cis Golgi membrane; adds mannan to N-linked glycans on proteins. [GOC:mcc, PMID:10037752, PMID:11095735, PMID:18083825]


A/G-specific adenine DNA glycosylase activity


Replacement ossification wherein bone tissue replaces cartilage. [GO_REF:0000034, ISBN:0878932437]


The pronucleus originating from the ovum that is being fertilized. [GOC:hjd, ISBN:0198506732]


up-regulation of neurotransmitter secretion

upregulation of neurotransmitter secretion

up regulation of neurotransmitter secretion

positive regulation of neurotransmitter secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter. [GOC:hjd]


The pronucleus originating from the spermatozoa that was involved in fertilization. [GOC:hjd, ISBN:0198506732]


The tube morphogenesis process in which the primitive heart tube loops asymmetrically. This looping brings the primitive heart chambers into alignment preceding their future integration. Heart looping begins with dextral-looping and ends when the main regional divisions of the mature heart and primordium of the great arterial trunks become established preceeding septation. [GOC:dph, PMID:12094232]


hormonal regulation of blood pressure
blood pressure regulation by hormone

regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by hormone

The process in which hormones modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action. [GOC:mtg_cardio, ISBN:0721643949]


angiotensin mediated vasoconstriction during blood pressure regulation

angiotensin mediated vasoconstriction involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

angiotensin-mediated vasoconstriction involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The decrease in blood vessel diameter as a result of the release of angiotensin into the blood stream. [GOC:mtg_cardio, GOC:pr, ISBN:0721643949]


noradrenaline-adrenaline vasoconstriction involved in regulation of blood pressure

norepinephrine-epinephrine vasoconstriction during blood pressure regulation

norepinephrine-epinephrine vasoconstriction involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

A process that results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the norepinephrine-epinephrine response to decreased blood pressure. [GOC:mtg_cardio, ISBN:0721643949]


increased inotropy by epinephrine-norepinephrine