negative regulation of interferon-gamma secretion


negative regulation of interleukin-1 alpha biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-1 alpha secretion


negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion


negative regulation of interleukin-1 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-1 secretion


negative regulation of interleukin-10 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-10 secretion


negative regulation of interleukin-11 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-11 secretion


negative regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-12 secretion


negative regulation of interleukin-13 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-13 secretion


negative regulation of interleukin-15 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-16 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of CTLA-8 production


negative regulation of interleukin-17 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-17 secretion


negative regulation of interleukin-18 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-18 secretion


negative regulation of interleukin-19 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-2 secretion


negative regulation of interleukin-20 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-21 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-22 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-23 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-24 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-25 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-25 secretion


negative regulation of interleukin-26 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-27 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-3 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-4 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-4 secretion


negative regulation of interleukin-5 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-5 secretion


negative regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-6 secretion


negative regulation of interleukin-7 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-7 secretion


negative regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-8 secretion


negative regulation of interleukin-9 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of TRAIL biosynthetic process


negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process


negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor secretion


negative regulation of lymphotoxin A biosynthetic process


positive regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process


positive regulation of chemokine secretion


positive regulation of connective tissue growth factor biosynthetic process


positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process


positive regulation of hepatocyte growth factor biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interferon-alpha secretion


positive regulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interferon-beta secretion


positive regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interferon-gamma secretion


positive regulation of interleukin-1 alpha biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-1 alpha secretion


positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion


positive regulation of interleukin-1 biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-1 secretion


positive regulation of interleukin-10 biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-10 secretion


positive regulation of interleukin-11 biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-11 secretion


positive regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-12 secretion


positive regulation of interleukin-13 biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-13 secretion


positive regulation of interleukin-15 biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-16 biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-17 biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-17 secretion


positive regulation of interleukin-18 biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-18 secretion


positive regulation of interleukin-19 biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-2 secretion


positive regulation of interleukin-20 biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-21 biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-22 biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-23 biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-24 biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-25 biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-25 secretion


positive regulation of interleukin-26 biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-27 anabolism


positive regulation of interleukin-27 biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-3 biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-4 biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-4 secretion


positive regulation of interleukin-5 biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-5 secretion


positive regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-6 secretion


positive regulation of interleukin-7 biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-7 secretion


positive regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-8 secretion


positive regulation of interleukin-9 biosynthetic process


positive regulation of TRAIL biosynthetic process


positive regulation of cachectin secretion


positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor secretion


positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthesis


positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process


positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor formation


positive regulation of lymphotoxin A biosynthetic process


oligogalacturonide transmembrane transporter activity


2-aminoethylphosphonate transmembrane transporter activity


2-phosphonoethylamine transmembrane transporter activity


ATP-dependent methionine transmembrane transporter activity


ATPase-coupled methionine transmembrane transporter activity


D-methionine transmembrane transporter activity


methionine transmembrane-transporting ATPase activity


signal transduction involved in mitotic DNA replication checkpoint


signal transduction involved in mitotic G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint


ribosomal DNA heterochromatin of cell nucleus


ribosomal DNA heterochromatin of nucleus


enhancement by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death


mitochondrial DNA-binding transcription factor activity


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 secretion


regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 secretion


negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 secretion


positive regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 secretion


ATPase activity, coupled to movement of substances


defense response to bacterium, incompatible interaction


resistance response to pathogenic bacterium

resistance response to pathogenic bacteria


defense response to protozoan, incompatible interaction


resistance response to pathogenic protozoan


A small cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregate in the primordial germ cells that are distinct from, but colocalize with or are adjacent to, P granules and mutator foci and are associated with RNA metabolism. Z granules have been observed in C. elegans. [GOC:dr, GOC:krc, PMID:29769721, PMID:31378614, PMID:32650583]


aryl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming) activity


oxidoreductase activity, reducing metal ions, flavin as acceptor


development of symbiont during interaction with host


development of symbiont involved in interaction with host


multi-species biofilm formation in or on host organism


multi-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate


multi-species submerged biofilm formation


glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor production


intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint


intracellular signaling pathway involved in mitotic DNA damage checkpoint


intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint


intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in topo II checkpoint


intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in topoisomerase II checkpoint


intracellular signaling pathway involved in mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint


intracellular signaling pathway involved in topo II checkpoint


intracellular signaling pathway involved in topoisomerase II checkpoint


signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition decatenation checkpoint


signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in topo II checkpoint


defense response to fungus, incompatible interaction


resistance response to pathogenic fungus


modulation by organism of apoptotic process in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


modulation of programmed cell death in other organism


modulation of programmed cell death in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


activation by organism of apoptotic programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction


enhancement of other organism programmed cell death by organism


arrest of mitotic cell cycle progression


negative regulation of cell cycle arrest


positive regulation of cell cycle arrest


endoplasmic reticulum localization involved in endoplasmic reticulum polarization at cell division site

endoplasmic reticulum localisation involved in endoplasmic reticulum polarization at cell division site


ER localization involved in ER polarization at cell division site


establishment of endoplasmic reticulum localization involved in endoplasmic reticulum polarization at cell division site

establishment of endoplasmic reticulum localisation involved in endoplasmic reticulum polarization at cell division site


maintenance of endoplasmic reticulum location involved in endoplasmic reticulum polarization at cell division site


transitional endoplasmic reticulum polarization at cell division site


RNA polymerase II activating transcription factor binding


RNA polymerase II repressing transcription factor binding


RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding


peptide-L-aspartate,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating) activity


regulation of interleukin-35 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-35 biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-35 biosynthetic process


transforming growth factor-beta secretion


regulation of transforming growth factor-beta secretion


negative regulation of transforming growth factor-beta secretion


positive regulation of transforming growth factor-beta secretion


GTPase-containing complex location for Gap1p sorting in the endosome

GTPase-containing complex for Gap1p sorting in the endosome


chaperone-mediated protein transport across periplasmic space


GET4-GET5 transmembrane domain recognition complex location


regulation of encysted zoospore germination on or near host


atrioventricular junction myocyte to bundle branch myocyte


bundle branch myocyte to Purkinje myocyte communication


bundle of His myocyte to atrioventricular junction myocyte


cell motility involved in somitogenic axis elongation


defense response, incompatible interaction

defence response incompatible interaction


defence response to pathogen, incompatible interaction


Heterochromatin that is located adjacent to the telomere, and characterized by methylated H3 histone at lysine 9 (H3K9me2/H3K9me3). [PMID:34576871]


membrane-cytoskeletal protein tether activity

cytoskeletal protein membrane tether activity


regulation of UDP-GlcNAc biosynthetic process


regulation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine anabolism


regulation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthesis


regulation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine formation


regulation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine synthesis


negative regulation of UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis


negative regulation of UDP-GlcNAc biosynthetic process

negative regulation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthetic process. [PMID:32579556]


negative regulation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine anabolism


negative regulation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthesis


negative regulation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine formation


negative regulation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine synthesis


positive egulation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine formation


positive regulation of UDP-GlcNAc biosynthetic process


positive regulation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine anabolism


positive regulation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthesis


positive regulation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine synthesis


SCMC
subcortical maternal complex location

Comprised of at least NLRP5, OOEP, TLE6, and KHDC3/KHDC3L with evidence of additional SCMC-associated proteins that interact with one or multiple members of the core complex. [PMID:18804437, PMID:28992324]


Catalysis of the conversion of a 3'-deoxyribose phosphate in DNA to a 3'-phosphate. [GOC:mah, PMID:21276450, PMID:22084197, PMID:22375014, RHEA:65764]


The progression of the yolk syncytial layer over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The yolk syncytial layer is the peripheral layer of the yolk cell including nuclei and non-yolky cytoplasm. [PMID:29180571]


outer dynein arm docking complex location

A complex which stabilizes the binding of and correctly positions the outer dynein arm complex along an A-tubule of the flagellar axoneme outer doublet microtubules. [GOC:krc, PMID:15064350, PMID:24067530, PMID:25192045, PMID:27486780, PMID:8045937]


regulation of N-terminal signal peptide-independent translocation into the ER


regulation of SRP-independent endoplasmic reticulum protein-membrane targeting, translocation


negative regulation of N-terminal signal peptide-independent translocation into the ER


negative regulation of SRP-independent endoplasmic reticulum protein-membrane targeting, translocation


Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of imine intermediates formed by several types of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent dehydratases, such as EC 4.3.1.19 and EC 4.3.1.17. [EC:3.5.99.10]


outer hair cell lateral wall
OHC lateral wall
lateral wall of OHC

The lateral wall of an outer hair cell (OHC) is a unique trilaminate composite consisting of the plasma membrane, an underlying cytoskeletal network containing an actin-spectrin cortical lattice, and an adjacent system of circumferential lamellar organelles known as the subsurface cisternae. [GOC:krc, PMID:26352669, PMID:31920560, PMID:9412485]


inhibition of heterochromatin organization


activation of heterochromatin organization


stimulation of heterochromatin organization


inhibition of chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope


activation of chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope


stimulation of chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope


PFR assembly
paraflagellar rod biogenesis
paraflagellar rod formation

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a paraflagellar rod, a large lattice-like axial structure found in some flagellated protists which extends alongside the axoneme. [GOC:ach, GOC:krc, PMID:23787017, PMID:32295845]


activation of cerebral blood circulation


inhibition of cerebral blood circulation


positive regulation of homologous recombination dependent replication fork recovery


The process in which the duplicated basal bodies migrate in pairs to the mitotic poles of the nucleus and results in equal distribution in the daughter cells. Ciliary basal body segregation ensures inheritance of the duplicated mitochondrial DNA to the two daughter cells in the Trypanosoma parasites. [GOC:ach, GOC:krc, PMID:1876188, PMID:26272611, PMID:26862392, PMID:27252853, PMID:4055898]


correction of merotelic kinetochore attachment, mitotic


correction of syntelic kinetochore attachment, mitotic


repair of mitotic merotelic kinetochore attachment defects


repair of mitotic mono-orientation defects


regulation of eIF2 alpha phosphorylation by amino acid starvation


positive regulation of transmigration of symbiont in host


ATPase-coupled iron-sulfur cluster transmembrane transporter activity


regulation of endoplasmic reticulum degradation


positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum degradation


granzyme-mediated cell death signaling pathway


Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ascorbate at the level of a cell. [PMID:1623014, PMID:17068337, PMID:32547589]


iodide peroxidase-tyrosine iodinase activity


Catalyzes the reaction: 2 iodide + L-tyrosine + 2 NADP+ = 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine + H+ + 2 NADPH. Note that this activity has only been demonstrated in the direction of 3-deiodination. 3-bromo-L-tyrosine and 3-chloro-L-tyrosine can also be used as substrates. [PMID:15289438, PMID:18434651, PMID:25395621, PMID:27643701, RHEA:32479]


T1P assembly
type I fimbrial biogenesis
type I fimbrium assembly
type I fimbriae biogenesis
type I fimbria assembly
type I fimbrial assembly
type I fimbrium biogenesis
type I fimbria biogenesis
type 1 pilus biogenesis
type I fimbriae assembly

The assembly from its constituent parts of a type I pilus. [PMID:1679330]


small ribosomal subunit maturation complex location


regulation of interleukin-33 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-33 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-33 secretion


positive regulation of interleukin-33 biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-33 secretion


regulation of interleukin-34 biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-34 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-34 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-32 secretion


positive regulation of interleukin-32 secretion


regulation of defense response to fungus, incompatible interaction

regulation of defense response to fungi, incompatible interaction


regulation of resistance response to pathogenic fungus

regulation of resistance response to pathogenic fungi


regulation of response to pathogenic fungus (incompatible interaction)


regulation of defense response to bacterium, incompatible interaction

regulation of defence response to bacterium, incompatible interaction


regulation of defence response to pathogenic bacterium, incompatible interaction

regulation of defence response to pathogenic bacteria, incompatible interaction


regulation of resistance response to pathogenic bacterium

regulation of resistance response to pathogenic bacteria


inhibition of defence response to pathogenic bacterium, incompatible interaction

inhibition of defence response to pathogenic bacteria, incompatible interaction


inhibition of defense response to bacterium, incompatible interaction


inhibition of resistance response to pathogenic bacterium

inhibition of resistance response to pathogenic bacteria


inhibition of response to pathogenic bacterium (incompatible interaction)

inhibition of response to pathogenic bacteria (incompatible interaction)


negative regulation of defense response to bacterium, incompatible interaction


activation of resistance response to pathogenic bacterium

activation of resistance response to pathogenic bacteria


positive regulation of defense response to bacterium, incompatible interaction


sequestration of proteasome core complex in proteasome storage granule


initiation of premeiotic DNA replication


modulation of spore germination on or near host


negative regulation of spore germination on or near host


correction of merotelic kinetochore attachment, meiosis I


repair of merotelic kinetochore attachment defect, meiosis I


microtubule sliding involved in mitotic metaphase chromosome recapture


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 secretion


regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 secretion


inhibition of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 secretion


negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 secretion


positive regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 secretion


positive regulation of spore germination on or near host


ATP-independent citrate lyase complex location

Citrate lyase is a multienzyme complex with three constituents: the alpha subunit, citrate-ACP transferase; the beta subunit, citryl-ACP lyase; and the gamma subunit, an acyl-carrier protein which also carries the prosthetic group components. All three subunits are required for citrate lyase enzyme activity. This enzyme has only been found in bacteria. [PMID:32302313]


A transmembrane protein complex located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) involved in the insertion of newly synthesized proteins in the membrane of the ER. In S. cerevisiae, it has six members: EMC1, EMC2, AIM27, EMC4, KRE27, and EMC6. [PMID:29242231, PMID:30415835, PMID:32459176]


mitochondrial protein-containing complex location

A protein complex that is part of a mitochondrion. [GOC:dos]


DNA recombinase activator complex location

DNA recombinase auxiliary factor complex location

DNA recombinase accessory factor complex location

A protein complex that binds to a recombinase and incrseases its activity. [PMID:32414915]


snRNP 7SK
7SK snRNP location
snRNP 7SK location

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains the 7SK snRNA. The 7SK snRNP plays a central role in RNA polymerase II elongation control by regulating the availability of active P-TEFb. [PMID:18249148, PMID:28431135]


A complex with alpha-(1->6)-mannosyltransferase activity, located in the cis Golgi membrane; adds mannan to N-linked glycans on proteins as part of the elongation of alpha 1,6-linked Man backbone. In S. cerevisiae, contains Mnn9p, Anp1p, Mnn10p, Mnn11p, and Hoc1p. [PMID:9430634]


A complex with alpha-(1->6)-mannosyltransferase activity, located in the cis Golgi membrane; adds mannan to N-linked glycans on proteins as part of the priming and elongation of alpha 1,6-linked Man backbone. In S. cerevisiae, contains Mnn9p and Van1p. [PMID:9430634]


nuclear protein-containing complex location

A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together in the nucleus. [GOC:pg]


endoplasmic reticulum protein-containing complex location

A protein complex that is part of an endoplasmic reticulum. [GOC:pg]


intracellular protein-containing complex location

A protein-containing complex located intracellularly. [GOC:pg]


A transcription factor complex that is composed of the one DNA binding protein of the TEAD family and the transcriptional coactivator YAP. [GOC:mah, PMID:11358867]


ER-to-endosome phospholipid transfer complex location

Lipid transfer complex that is responsible for the non-vesicular transport of phospholipids, such as phosphatidylserine, from the endoplasmic reticulum to the endosome. It resides in the endosomal (acceptor) membrane and binds to specific lipids on the donor membrane at the ER-endosome contact site. [GOC:lnp, PMID:20016005, PMID:24366873]


An inflammasome complex that consists of CARD8 and CASP1. [PMID:33420028, PMID:33420033, PMID:33542150]


small ribosomal subunit processing complex location

A small heterodimeric protein complex that is required during early maturation of nascent 40S ribosomal subunits. The complex has endonuclease activity, it interacts with the small ribosomal subunit pre-rRNA and cleave it it to produce the mature 18S (or small ribosomal subunit) rRNA. In S. cerevisiae it is composed of Rcl1p and Bms1p. [GOC:lnp, PMID:21849504, PMID:25064857]


Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a box C/D RNA molecule. [GOC:krc]


Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a box H/ACA RNA molecule. [GOC:krc]


transcription regulatory region nucleic acid binding

Binding to a nucleic acid region that regulates a nucleic acid-based process. Such processes include transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair. [GOC:txnOH]


Binding to a transcription coregulator, a protein involved in regulation of transcription via protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other transcription regulatory proteins. Cofactors do not bind DNA directly, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between regulatory transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery. [GOC:krc]


A molecular function regulator that cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular processes. Intrinsic GTPase activity returns the G protein to its GDP-bound state. The return to the GDP-bound state can be accelerated by the action of a GTPase-activating protein (GAP). [PMID:16923326, PMID:24470015]


Catalysis of the reaction: bilirubin + NAD(P)+ = biliverdin + NAD(P)H + H+. [EC:1.3.1.24]


Catalysis of the reaction: retinol + NAD+ = retinal + NADH + H+. [RHEA:21284]


G protein-coupled opioid receptor activity

Combining with an opioid (any narcotic derived from or resembling opium), and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein. [GOC:ai, GOC:bf, PMID:20494127]


The mitotic cell cycle process involving ESCRTIII that results in reformation of the nuclear envelope after mitotic nuclear division. In organisms undergoing closed mitosis this involves resealing or 'repair' of the nuclear envelope in the nuclear bridge. [PMID:26040712, PMID:28242692, PMID:32109380, PMID:32848252]


regulation of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junctions. [GOC:go_curators]


The synthesis of snoRNA class RNA (also referred to as sRNA in Archaea) from a DNA template. [GOC:jl, GOC:krc, PMID:17284456]


undecaprenol-pyrophosphate O-antigen flippase activity

Enables the transbilayer of capsular-polysaccharides (Und-PP-GlcNAc-ManNAcA-Fuc4NAc (lipid III)) from the inner to the outer leaflet of the cytoplasmic membrane during the assembly of ECA. Capsular polysaccharides make up the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi. [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_transport, PMID:12621029, PMID:16816184]


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + polyamine(out) = ADP + phosphate + polyamine(in). [RHEA:29999]


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: bile acid(in) + ATP + H2O -> bile acid(out) + ADP + phosphate. [RHEA:50048]


ABC-type putrescine transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + putrescine(out) -> ADP + phosphate + putrescine(in). [EC:7.6.2.11]


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + D-ribose(out) -> ADP + phosphate + D-ribose(in). [RHEA:29903]


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + D-xylose(out) -> ADP + phosphate + D-xylose(in). [RHEA:29899]


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Zn2+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Zn2+(in). [RHEA:29795]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving snoRNA, small nucleolar RNA, any of a class of small RNAs that are associated with the eukaryotic nucleus as components of small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins. They participate in the processing or modifications of many RNAs, mostly ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) though snoRNAs are also known to target other classes of RNA, including spliceosomal RNAs, tRNAs, and mRNAs via a stretch of sequence that is complementary to a sequence in the targeted RNA. [GOC:krc]


sno(s)RNA catabolism
sno(s)RNA degradation
sno(s)RNA breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of snoRNA, small nucleolar RNA, any of a class of small RNAs that are associated with the eukaryotic nucleus as components of small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins. [GOC:krc, ISBN:0198506732]


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = NAD(P)+ + hydrogen peroxide. [EC:1.6.3.1, PMID:10401672, PMID:10601291, PMID:11822874, RHEA:11260]


oxidoreductase activity, acting on metal ions

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which the oxidation state of metal ion is altered. [GOC:mah]


oxidoreductase activity, acting on metal ions, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which the metal ion is reduced and NAD+ or NADP+ acts as an electron acceptor. [GOC:mah]


oxidoreductase activity, acting on metal ions, oxygen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which the oxidation state of metal ion is altered and oxygen acts as an electron acceptor. [GOC:mah]


Binds to and modulates the activity of a receptor. [GOC:ceb]


Binds to and modulates the activity of a signaling receptor. [GOC:ceb]


Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a snoRNA family molecule, also referred to as an sRNA in Archaea. [GOC:krc, GOC:mah, PMID:17284456]


The reformation of the nuclear membranes following their breakdown in the context of a normal process. [GOC:mah]


mitotic cell size control checkpoint signaling

A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell size control checkpoint during mitosis. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle]


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + cobalt(out) = ADP + phosphate + cobalt(in). [GOC:mlg, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729]


Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->6)-D-mannosyl-D-mannose linkage. [GOC:mcc, PMID:16878994]


ABC-type D-methionine transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + D-methionine(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + D-methionine(in/out). [GOC:mlg, PMID:12169620, PMID:12819857, PMID:18621668, RHEA:29779]


ABC-type choline transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of choline across a membrane. [GOC:mlg]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving box C/D type small nucleolar RNA. [GOC:krc, GOC:mah]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving box H/ACA type small nucleolar RNA. [GOC:krc, GOC:mah]


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + sterol(in) = ADP + phosphate + sterol(out). [GOC:BHF, GOC:rl]


Binding to a box C/D small nucleolar RNA. [GOC:mah]


Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box C/D type small RNA transcript into a mature box C/D RNA. [GOC:krc, GOC:mah]


Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box H/ACA type small RNA transcript into a mature box H/ACA RNA. [GOC:krc, GOC:mah]


Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box C/D type small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) transcript that resides within, and is processed from, the intron of a pre-mRNA into a mature box C/D snoRNA. [GOC:krc, GOC:mah]


Catalysis of the reaction: pheophorbide a + H2O = pyropheophorbide a + methanol + CO2. The reaction occurs in two steps; pheophoridase catalyzes the conversion of pheophorbide a to a precursor of pyropheophorbide a, C-13(2)-carboxylpyropheophorbide a, by demethylation, and then the precursor is decarboxylated non-enzymatically to yield pyropheophorbide a. [PMID:16228561, RHEA:32483]


G protein-coupled enkephalin receptor activity

Combining with an enkephalin, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein. A enkephalin is a pentapeptide (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met or Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu) involved in regulating nociception in the body. [GOC:bf, Wikipedia:Enkephalin]


The endonucleolytic cleavage of snoRNA 3' ends, which is required for mature snoRNAs to be functional. [GOC:go_curators, PMID:12773397]


carbohydrate-exporting ABC transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + carbohydrate(in) -> ADP + phosphate + carbohydrate(out). [GOC:mlg]


P-type divalent copper transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cu2+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Cu2+(out). [RHEA:10376]


oxidoreductase activity, acting on metal ions, flavin as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which the metal ion is reduced and flavin acts as an electron acceptor. [EC:1.16.8.-]


regulation of biological process involved in symbiotic interaction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiosis, an interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association. [GOC:jl]


formation of structure involved in a symbiotic process

The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring when the organism is in a symbiotic interaction. [GO:jl, GOC:pamgo_curators]


modulation of formation of structure involved in a symbiotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism. [GOC:jl, GOC:pamgo_curators]


negative regulation of formation of structure involved in a symbiotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism. [GOC:jl, GOC:pamgo_curators]


positive regulation of formation of structure involved in a symbiotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism. [GOC:jl, GOC:pamgo_curators]


biological process involved in symbiotic interaction

A process carried out by gene products in an organism that enable the organism to engage in a symbiotic relationship, a more or less intimate association, with another organism. The various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, in which the association is disadvantageous or destructive to one of the organisms; mutualism, in which the association is advantageous, or often necessary to one or both and not harmful to either; and commensalism, in which one member of the association benefits while the other is not affected. However, mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism are often not discrete categories of interactions and should rather be perceived as a continuum of interaction ranging from parasitism to mutualism. In fact, the direction of a symbiotic interaction can change during the lifetime of the symbionts due to developmental changes as well as changes in the biotic/abiotic environment in which the interaction occurs. Microscopic symbionts are often referred to as endosymbionts. [GOC:cc, PMID:31257129]


glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor production

The regulated release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor from a cell. Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a small protein that potently promotes the survival of many types of neurons, notably dopaminergic and motor neurons. [GOC:yaf, PMID:17505307]


ABC-type phytochelatin transmembrane transporter activity

ABC-type phytochelatin transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of a phytochelatin from one side of a membrane to the other. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes. [GOC:mah, PMID:1396551]


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate -> 15-cis-phytoene + 2 diphosphate. [GOC:ai, PMID:12641468, RHEA:34479]


Catalysis of the reaction: glycolate + NAD+ = glyoxylate + NADH. [RHEA:18229]


The cell cycle process in which the controlled breakdown of the nuclear membranes during meiotic cell division occurs. [GOC:bf]


The controlled breakdown of the nuclear membranes during the first division of meiosis. [GOC:bf]


The controlled breakdown of the nuclear membranes during the second division of meiosis. [GOC:bf]


synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction

The assembly of a synapse at a neuromuscular junction. [PMID:20215342]


The cell cycle process in which the reformation of the nuclear membranes during meiosis occurs. [GOC:ai]


The reformation of the nuclear membranes during meiosis I. [GOC:ai]


The reformation of the nuclear membrane during meiosis II. [GOC:ai]


biological process involved in interaction with symbiont

An interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association. The term symbiont is used for the smaller (macro) of the two members of a symbiosis; the various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, commensalism and mutualism. [GOC:cc]


effector-mediated suppression of host pattern-triggered immunity

A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the suppression of the innate immune response of the host organism via recognition of a microbe-associated molecular pattern. The innate immune response is the host's first line of defense against infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mah]


ergothioneine biosynthesis from histidine via gamma-glutamyl-hercynylcysteine sulfoxide

The pathway resulting in the formation of ergothioneine from histidine via a set of steps in which gamma-glutamyl-hercynylcysteine sulfoxide is formed as an intermediate. [PMID:4276459, PMID:5484456]


A DNA binding activity in which a protein complex interacts with more than one DNA duplex to encircle the DNA molecules with a loose fitting ring. [GOC:dph, GOC:vw, PMID:16179255, PMID:26687354, PMID:27797071]


The process of producing a cleistothecium, a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci. Cleistothecia are present in some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella. [PMID:20348388, PMID:28889020, PMID:30410052]


The regulated release by odontoblasts of the extracellular matrix constituents, including collagen, that form the basis of dentin. [GOC:mah, PMID:12856968]


The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of snoRNA class molecule (referred to as an sRNA in Archaea). In eukaryotes, this occurs in conjunction with termination of transcription of precursor snoRNA molecules and may occur post-transcriptionally on incorrectly processed molecules targeted for degradation. [GOC:dgf, GOC:krc, PMID:18951092]


The formation of a symbiont structure that serves to infect its host organism. It includes physiological, developmental, and morphological changes of the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:pamgo_curators]


The physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont spore during the process of its encystment. Encystment means to enter a state of essentially suspended animation in which the spore is protected by an outer coating and remains immobile and inactive until favorable conditions for growth occur again. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:kmv, GOC:pamgo_curators]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium germination. [GOC:pamgo_curators]


positive regulation of sporangium germination

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium germination. [GOC:pamgo_curators]


negative regulation of sporangium germination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium germination. [GOC:pamgo_curators]


formation of arbuscule for nutrient acquisition

The assembly of an arbuscule, a fine, tree-like hyphal symbiont structure projected into the host cell for the purpose of obtaining nutrients. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:pamgo_curators]


formation of stylet for nutrient acquisition

The assembly of a stylet, a hollow protrusible spear-like symbiont structure projected into the host cell for the purpose of obtaining nutrients. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:pamgo_curators]


regulation of cell migration involved in somitogenic axis elongation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that contributes to somitogenic axis elongation. [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Catalysis of the reaction: linoleoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H(+) <=> pinolenoyl-[glycerolipid] + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O. [GOC:pz, RHEA:46236]


dsDNA bridging
double-stranded DNA bridging

Bridging together two regions of a DNA molecule. [PMID:29358048, PMID:30626735]


tRNA uridine(34) acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O + S-adenosyl-L-methionine + uridine(34) in tRNA = 5'-deoxyadenosine + carboxymethyluridine(34) in tRNA + CoA + 2 H(+) + L-methionine. [PMID:25151136, PMID:30733442, RHEA:61020]


Catalysis of the reaction: a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA. [PMID:18287005, RHEA:32995]


Catalysis of the reaction:a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + CoA. [PMID:18287005, RHEA:33191]


protein serine kinase activity (using GTP as donor)

Catalysis of the reactions: GTP + L-seryl-[protein] = GDP + H(+) + O-phospho-L-seryl-[protein]. [GOC:sp, PMID:32322062, RHEA:64020]


Catalysis of the reaction: 3 H+ + hexanoyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA = 2,4,6-trihydroxyphenylhexan-1-one + 3 CO2 + 4 CoA. [PMID:9446571, RHEA:64352]


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,6-trihydroxyphenylhexan-1-one + chloride + FADH2 + O2 = (3-chloro-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)hexan-1-one + FAD + H+ + 2 H2O. [PMID:20231486, RHEA:64356]


Catalysis of the reaction: (3-chloro-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)hexan-1-one + chloride + FADH2 + O2 = (3,5-dichloro-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)hexan-1-one + FAD + 2 H2O. [PMID:20231486, RHEA:64360]


3,5-dichloro-THPH methyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3,5-dichloro-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)hexan-1-one + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. [PMID:20231486, RHEA:48396]


D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose + NADP+ = D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NADPH. [RHEA:21892]


A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). [PMID:32272059]


The directed movement of proteins from the cystosol to the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). [PMID:32272059]


Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginyl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + (ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-arginyl-[protein] + nicotinamide. [RHEA:19149]


Catalysis of the reaction: bilirubin + NAD+ = biliverdin + NADH+ H+. [RHEA:15797]


Catalysis of the reaction: bilirubin + NADP+ = biliverdin + NADPH + H+. [RHEA:15793]


regulation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the UDP-N_acetylglucosamine biosynthetic process. [PMID:32579556]


positive regulation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthetic process. [PMID:32579556]


chenodeoxycholate 7-alpha-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chenodeoxycholate + NAD(+) = 7-oxolithocholate + H(+) + NADH. [PMID:12917011, RHEA:42036]


isoursodeoxycholate 7-beta-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3beta,7beta-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oate + NAD(+) = 3beta-hydroxy-7-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oate + H(+) + NADH. [PMID:12917011, RHEA:42024]


ursodeoxycholate 7-beta-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(+) + ursodeoxycholate = 7-oxolithocholate + H(+) + NADH. [PMID:12917011, RHEA:42028]


Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-caffeate + ATP + CoA = (E)-caffeoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate. [PMID:22649270, RHEA:36299]


regulation of deadenylation-dependent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of deadenylation-dependent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA. [PMID:32354837]


negative regulation of deadenylation-dependent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of deadenylation-dependent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA. [PMID:32354837]


Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-cinnamate + ATP + CoA = (E)-cinnamoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate. [PMID:22649270, RHEA:64788]


superoxide-generating NADH oxidase activity.

Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + 2 O2 = H(+) + NAD(+) + 2 superoxide. [RHEA:63184]


Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD + hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). [RHEA:11264]


Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + O2 = NADP + hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). [RHEA:11260]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of resolvins, di- or trihydroxy fatty acids derived from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically icosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid. [PMID:24899309]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of resolvin family D-series, hydroxy fatty acids derived from docosahexaenoic acid. [PMID:12391014]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of resolvin family E-series, hydroxy fatty acids derived from icosapentaenoic acid. [PMID:21206090]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of resolvin family 13-series, hydroxy fatty acids derived from docosapentaenoic acid. [PMID:26236990]


An active host response phase of acute inflammation driven by specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and signaling pathways, enabling timely tissue regeneration and return of function. [PMID:28087575]


resolution of protein-DNA covalent cross-linking

protein-DNA covalent cross-linking repair

The removal of covalent cross-link between DNA and a protein. [PMID:31921408]


arachidonic acid 5,6-epoxygenase activity

Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts arachidonic acid to cis-5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid. [PMID:10491410, PMID:8631948, RHEA:49936]


arachidonic acid 8,9-epoxygenase activity

Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts arachidonic acid to cis-8,9-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid. [PMID:10491410, PMID:8246128, RHEA:64984]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannogen, a mannose-containing polysaccharide that is a major energy reserve in Leishmania. [PMID:12902334, PMID:16766650, PMID:31513773, PMID:31662278]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannogen, a mannose-containing polysaccharide that is a major energy reserve in Leishmania. [PMID:16766650, PMID:31513773, PMID:31662278]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannogen, a mannose-containing polysaccharide that is a major energy reserve in Leishmania. [PMID:12902334, PMID:31513773, PMID:31662278]


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + progesterone + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = 21-hydroxyprogesterone + H(+) + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase]. [PMID:25855791, RHEA:50304]


methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase NADH activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate + NAD + = 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NADH + H+. [RHEA:19821]


Catalysis of the reaction: ammonium hydroxide + 3 NAD+ + H2O = nitrite + 3 NADH + 3 H+. [RHEA:24628]


Catalysis of the reaction: methane + NADH + H+ + O2 = methanol + NAD+ + H2O. [RHEA:13637]


Catalysis of the reaction: methane + NADPH + H+ + O2 = methanol + NADP+ + H2O. [RHEA:13641]


(R)-limonene 1,2-monooxygenase NADH activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4R)-limonene + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + H2O + (4R)-limonene-1,2-epoxide. [RHEA:26093]


(R)-limonene 1,2-monooxygenase NADPH activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4R)-limonene + NADPH + H+ + O2 = NADP+ + H2O + (4R)-limonene-1,2-epoxide. [RHEA:26097]


S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase NADP activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione + NADP+ = S-formylglutathione + NADPH + H+. [RHEA:19981]


(S)-limonene 1,2-monooxygenase NADPH activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4S)-limonene + NADPH+= + H+ + O2 = NADP+ + H2O + (4S)-limonene-1,2-epoxide. [RHEA:26085]


(S)-limonene 1,2-monooxygenase NADH activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4S)-limonene + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + H2O + (4S)-limonene-1,2-epoxide. [RHEA:26089]


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-O-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl]-L-seryl-[protein] + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3-O-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)]-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl]-L-seryl-[protein] + H(+) + UDP. [RHEA:56188]


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-O-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl]-L-threonyl-[protein] + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3-O-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)]-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl]-L-threonyl-[protein] + H(+) + UDP. [RHEA:56192]


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-O-[N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl]-L-threonyl-[protein] + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3-O-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl]-L-threonyl-[protein] + H(+) + UDP. [RHEA:46880]


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-O-[N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl]-L-seryl-[protein] + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3-O-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl]-L-seryl-[protein] + H(+) + UDP. [RHEA:46884]


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + L-phenylalanine + O2 = 3-phenylpyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+). [RHEA:61240]


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminate = acetate + H(+) + N-acetylneuraminate. [RHEA:22600]


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-acetyl-4-O-acetylneuraminate = acetate + H(+) + N-acetylneuraminate. [RHEA:25564]


ds/ssDNA junction-specific dsDNA endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of double-stranded DNA near a double-strand/single-strand DNA junction. [PMID:14528010]


Catalysis of the reaction: carboxymethyluridine34 in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 5-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)uridine34 in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. [PMID:20123966, RHEA:43208]


tRNA (cytidine 32-2'-O)-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine32 in tRNA= S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2'-O-methylcytidine32 in tRNA. [PMID:25404562]


tRNA (guanosine 32-2'-O)-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine 32 in tRNA= S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2'-O-methylguanosine 32 in tRNA. [PMID:25404562]


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2,3-tri-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoylglycerol + N-(30-hydroxytriacontanoyl)-sphing-4-enine = di-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoylglycerol + N-[30-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyloxy)-triacontanoyl]-sphing-4-enine. [PMID:28248318, RHEA:55264]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of omega-hydroxyceramide/acylceramide. [PMID:28248318]


Catalysis of the reaction glutarate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + succinate + CO2. [PMID:30498244, RHEA:13821]


4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate synthase activity from histidine and PLP

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe(3+) + 4 H2O + L-histidyl-[4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate synthase] + N(6)-(pyridoxal phosphate)-L-lysyl-[4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate synthase] = (2S)-2-amino-5-hydroxy-4-oxopentanoyl-[4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate synthase] + 3-oxopropanoate + 4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine + 2 Fe(2+) + 2 H(+) + L-lysyl-[4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate synthase]. [PMID:22568620, RHEA:65756]


Catalysis of the reaction: glycolate + NAD(P)+ = glyoxylate + NAD(P)H. [GOC:curators, PMID:3548703]


U2 snRNA 2'-O-methyladenosine m6 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 2'-O-methyladenosine in U2 snRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = an N6-methyl-2'-O-methyladenosine in U2 snRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+. [PMID:31913360, RHEA:62672]


U2 snRNA adenosine m6 methytransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a adenosine in U2 snRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = an N6-methyl-adenosine in U2 snRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+. [PMID:32637152]


The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in an snRNA molecule. [PMID:21823225]


octaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate = 5 diphosphate + all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate. [PMID:3519603, PMID:8037730, RHEA:27798]


The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant tRNAs. [GOC:mah, PMID:32841241]


4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase [NADH] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + H+ + NADH + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + H2O + NAD+. [RHEA:19473]


4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase [NADPH] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + H2O + NADP+. [RHEA:19477]


glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + sn-glycerol 1-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H+ + NADH. [RHEA:21412]


glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase [NADP+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + sn-glycerol 1-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H+ + NADPH. [RHEA:21416]


Catalysis of the reaction: A 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA = formyl-CoA + a propanol. [PMID:21708296, PMID:28289220]


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-3-methylhexadecanoyl-CoA = 2-methylpentadecanal + formyl-CoA. [RHEA:25379]


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-beta-L-rhamnose + L-arginyl-[protein] = dTDP + H(+) + N(omega)-(L-rhamnosyl)-L-arginyl-[protein]. [GOC:sp, PMID:25686373, PMID:26060278, RHEA:66692]


Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginyl-[protein] + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = H(+) + N(omega)-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)-L-arginyl-[protein] + UDP. [GOC:sp, PMID:23955153, PMID:30619781, RHEA:66632]


Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteinyl-[protein] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H(+) + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + S-methyl-L-cysteinyl-[protein]. [GOC:sp, PMID:21481189, PMID:22158122, PMID:24235145, PMID:25412445, RHEA:66544]


4-hydroxy-3-all-trans-hexaprenylbenzoate + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = 3,4-dihydroxy-5-all-trans-hexaprenylbenzoate + H2O + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin]. [PMID:21944752, RHEA:20361]


Catalyzes the reaction: all-trans-beta-carotene = 9-cis-beta-carotene. [PMID:19470589, PMID:22422982, RHEA:34455]


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + guanosine = ADP + GMP. [PMID:10879466, PMID:7665468, RHEA:27710]


(deoxy)nucleoside phosphate kinase activity, dGTP as phosphate donor

Catalysis of the reaction: a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-phosphate + dGTP = a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate + dGDP. [PMID:20497505, RHEA:62128]


(deoxy)nucleoside phosphate kinase activity, dTTP as phosphate donor

Catalysis of the reaction: a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-phosphate + dTTP = a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate + dTDP. [PMID:20497505, RHEA:62132]


(deoxy)nucleoside phosphate kinase activity, GTP as phosphate donor

Catalysis of the reaction: a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-phosphate + GTP = a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate + GDP. [PMID:20497505, RHEA:62124]


Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidyl-[protein] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidyl-[protein] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. [PMID:33563959, RHEA:67076]


fluorescent chlorophyll catabolite monooxygenase (deformylase) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + primary fluorescent chlorophyll catabolite + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = formate + 2 H+ + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + primary fluorescent dioxobilin-type chlorophyll catabolite. [PMID:23723324, RHEA:67172]


primary fluorescent dioxobilin-type chlorophyll catabolite methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + primary fluorescent dioxobilin-type chlorophyll catabolite = H+ + methanol + O13(4)-desmethyl pFCC. [PMID:23723324, RHEA:67176]


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-deoxyglucosone + H2O + NAD(+) = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + 2 H(+) + NADH. [PMID:17175089, RHEA:67244]


deoxynucleoside triphosphate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dNTP + H2O = 2'-deoxynucleoside + H+ + triphosphate. [RHEA:46148]


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA = 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecanal + formyl-CoA. [PMID:10468558, RHEA:25355]


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-ATP + H2O = 2-hydroxy-AMP + diphosphate. [PMID:11139615, RHEA:67392]


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-dATP + H2O = 2-hydroxy-dAMP + diphosphate. [PMID:11139615, RHEA:31583]


Binding to coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester. [GOC:krc, ISBN:0198547684]


Binding to succinyl-CoA, an omega-carboxyacyl-CoA having succinoyl as the S-acyl component. [GOC:krc]


Binding to an acyl-CoA, a thioester that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any carboxylic acid. [GOC:krc]


A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a motile cilium. [GOC:krc, PMID:27486780]


Binds to and increases the activity of a recombinase. [GOC:mah, PMID:32414915]


prenylated FMNH2 synthesis
prenylated FMNH2 biosynthetic process
prenyl-FMNH2 anabolism
prenyl-FMNH2 synthesis
prenylated FMNH2 biosynthesis
prenylated FMNH2 anabolism
prenyl-FMNH2 formation
prenylated FMNH2 formation
prenyl-FMNH2 biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in prenyl-FMNH2, an essential cofactor for the decarboxylase enzymes UbiD and Fdc1. [GOC:krc, PMID:25647642, PMID:26083743, PMID:26083754]


Binding to prenyl-FMNH2, a flavin mononucleotide obtained by prenylation of the N-10 position of FMNH2 followed by cyclisation. An essential cofactor for the decarboxylase enzymes UbiD and Fdc1. [GOC:krc, PMID:25647642, PMID:26083743, PMID:26083754]


A glycocalyx on the the endolymphatic surface of a cochlear hair cell that coats the external surface of each stereocilium and maintains a small distance between adjacent stereocilia in the bundle. [GOC:krc, ISBN:9781461268918, PMID:31444330, PMID:3583936]


regulation of posttranslational protein targeting to membrane, translocation

regulation of posttranslational endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein translocation

regulation of post-translational protein targeting to membrane, translocation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of posttranslational protein translocation through the ER membrane. [GOC:krc, GOC:rn, PMID:32513868]


negative regulation of posttranslational protein targeting to membrane, translocation

negative regulation of posttranslational endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein translocation

negative regulation of post-translational protein targeting to membrane, translocation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of posttranslational protein translocation through the ER membrane. [GOC:krc, GOC:rn, PMID:32513868]


terminal alkyne substituted compound anabolism

terminal alkyne substituted compound synthesis

terminal alkyne substituted compound anabolic process

terminal alkyne substituted compound biosynthetic process

terminal alkyne substituted compound biosynthesis

terminal acetylenic compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a terminal acetylenic compound, a compound which contains a terminal alkyne moiety in which a carbon of the carbon-carbon triple bond (aka C#C) moiety is attached to a hydrogen atom. [DOI:10.1007/978-1-4615-4913-0_3, GOC:krc]


The carbohydrate rich layer at the outermost periphery of a sperm cell. [GOC:krc]


The carbohydrate-rich layer lining the vascular endothelium connected to the endothelium through a variety of molecules, mainly proteoglycans and glycoproteins. These form a network in which soluble molecules, either plasma- or endothelium-derived, are incorporated. [GOC:krc, PMID:17256154]


The carbohydrate rich layer at the outermost periphery of a platelet. [GOC:krc, PMID:24967889]


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-iminobutanoate + H2O = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+). [RHEA:39975]


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-iminopropanoate + H2O = NH4(+) + pyruvate. [RHEA:40671]


terminal alkyne substituted compound metabolic process

terminal alkyne substituted compound metabolism

terminal acetylenic compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a terminal acetylenic compound, involving a terminal acetylenic compound, a compound which contains a terminal alkyne moiety in which which a carbon of the carbon-carbon triple bond (aka C#C) moiety is attached to a hydrogen atom. [DOI:10.1007/978-1-4615-4913-0_3, GOC:krc]


terminal alkyne substituted compound catabolic process

terminal alkyne substituted compound catabolism

terminal alkyne substituted compound degradation

terminal alkyne substituted compound breakdown

terminal acetylenic compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a terminal acetylenic compound, a compound which contains a terminal alkyne moiety in which a carbon of the carbon-carbon triple bond (aka C#C) moiety is attached to a hydrogen atom. [DOI:10.1007/978-1-4615-4913-0_3, GOC:krc]


alkyne substituted compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an acetylenic compound, any compound which contains a carbon-carbon triple bond (aka C#C). [DOI:10.1007/978-1-4615-4913-0_3, GOC:krc]


alkyne substituted compound biosynthetic process

alkyne substituted compound biosynthesis

alkyne substituted compound anabolic process

acetylenic compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an acetylenic compound, any compound which contains a carbon-carbon triple bond (aka C#C). [DOI:10.1007/978-1-4615-4913-0_3, GOC:krc]


alkyne substituted compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an acetylenic compound, any compound which contains a carbon-carbon triple bond (aka C#C). [DOI:10.1007/978-1-4615-4913-0_3, GOC:krc]


hydrocarbon biosynthesis
hydrocarbon anabolism
hydrocarbon formation
hydrocarbon synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a hydrocarbon, a compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen only. [GOC:krc, Wikipedia:Hydrocarbon]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving a hydrocarbon, a compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen only. [GOC:krc, Wikipedia:Hydrocarbon]


hydrocarbon degradation
hydrocarbon catabolism
hydrocarbon breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a hydrocarbon, a compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen only. [GOC:krc, Wikipedia:Hydrocarbon]


alkene substituted compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an olefinic compound, any compound which contains a carbon-carbon double bond (aka C=C). [GOC:krc]


alkene substituted compound anabolic process

alkene substituted compound biosynthesis

alkene substituted compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an olefinic compound, any compound which contains a carbon-carbon double bond (aka C=C). [GOC:krc]


alkene substituted compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an olefinic compound, any compound which contains a carbon-carbon double bond (aka C=C). [GOC:krc]


The acetylation of peptidyl-threonine. [GOC:krc, PMID:16728640, PMID:22802624]


The acetylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-acetyl-L-threonine. [PMID:16728640, PMID:22802624, RESID:AA0423]


A set of four specialized microtubules that originates from the basal bodies and wraps around the ciliary pocket membrane, likely supporting its distinct flask shape. [DOI:10.5772/66859, GOC:ach, GOC:krc, PMID:19299460, PMID:32518185]


regulation of heterochromatin organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or location of heterochromatin organization. [GOC:krc]


down-regulation of heterochromatin organization

down regulation of heterochromatin organization

downregulation of heterochromatin organization

negative regulation of heterochromatin organization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heterochromatin organization. [GOC:krc]


upregulation of heterochromatin organization

up regulation of heterochromatin organization

up-regulation of heterochromatin organization

positive regulation of heterochromatin organization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heterochromatin organization. [GOC:krc]


regulation of chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or location of chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope. [GOC:krc]


down-regulation of chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope

down regulation of chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope

downregulation of chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope

negative regulation of chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope. [GOC:krc]


up-regulation of chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope

upregulation of chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope

up regulation of chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope

positive regulation of chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope. [GOC:krc]


A rod-shaped protein complex containing Centrin4 protein that flanks the flagellum attachment zone (FAZ) filament and the quartet microtubules. [GOC:ach, GOC:krc, PMID:26540076, PMID:31217284]


regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, meiosis-specific transcripts

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of selective degradation of meiosis-specific nuclear transcribed transcripts during vegetative growth, by a mechanism that requires determinant of selective removal (DSR) sequences in the targeted mRNAs and involves a YTH family protein. [GOC:krc, PMID:24920274]


negative regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, meiosis-specific transcripts

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of selective degradation of meiosis-specific nuclear transcribed transcripts during vegetative growth, by a mechanism that requires determinant of selective removal (DSR) sequences in the targeted mRNAs and involves a YTH family protein. [GOC:krc, PMID:24920274]


positive regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, meiosis-specific transcripts

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of degradation of meiosis-specific nuclear transcribed transcripts during vegetative growth, by a mechanism that requires determinant of selective removal (DSR) sequences in the targeted mRNAs and involves a YTH family protein. [GOC:krc, PMID:24920274]


The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a ciliary centrin arm, a rod-shaped protein complex containing Centrin4 protein that flanks the flagellum attachment zone (FAZ) filament and the quartet microtubules. [GOC:ach, GOC:krc, PMID:32675283]


Combining with a virus component, and in cooperation with a nearby primary receptor, initiating a change in cell activity. [GOC:ha, GOC:krc, PMID:16051304]


telencephelon blood circulation
cerebrum blood circulation

The flow of blood through the network of arteries and veins supplying the cerebrum, enabling the transport of nutrients to the tissues and the removal of waste products. [GOC:krc, PMID:25397684]


regulation of cerebrum blood circulation

regulation of telencephalon blood circulation

regulation of cerebral blood circulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cerebral blood circulation. [GOC:krc, PMID:25397684]


positive regulation of cerebrum blood circulation

upregulation of cerebral blood circulation

positive regulation of telencephalon blood circulation

up-regulation of cerebral blood circulation

up regulation of cerebral blood circulation

positive regulation of cerebral blood circulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cerebral blood circulation. [GOC:krc, PMID:25397684]


down-regulation of cerebral blood circulation

negative regulation of telencephalon blood circulation

negative regulation of cerebrum blood circulation

downregulation of cerebral blood circulation

down regulation of cerebral blood circulation

negative regulation of cerebral blood circulation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cerebral blood circulation. [GOC:krc, PMID:25397684]


flagellar probasal body
flagellar pro-basal body

The cilary pro-basal body is an immature, partially assembled form of a ciliary basal body found next to the basal body of a cilium. Pro-basal bodies are not capable of nucleating a cilium. As the cell progresses through the cell cycle, continuing assembly will convert the pro-basal body into a mature basal body that is capable of nucleating a cilium. [ISBN:0198547684]


A lipid bilayer that surrounds an autolysosome, a single-membrane-bounded vesicle in which endogenous cellular material is degraded. [GOC:krc, GOC:nhn, PMID:17182262, PMID:24657946, PMID:26382870, PMID:32047650]


The volume that is enclosed within the autolysosome single-membrane. [GOC:krc, GOC:nhn, PMID:17182262, PMID:24657946, PMID:26382870, PMID:32047650]


Binding to a protein serine/threonine kinase. [GOC:krc, GOC:sl, PMID:28608965]


Binding to 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid. [GOC:krc]


Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of tyrosine. [GOC:krc, PMID:31498992]


Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of tryptophan. [GOC:krc, PMID:31498992]


regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity, intramembrane cleaving

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intramembrane cleaving aspartic-type endopeptidase activity. [GOC:krc, PMID:32616437]


negative regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity, intramembrane cleaving

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of intramembrane cleaving aspartic-type endopeptidase activity. [GOC:krc, PMID:32616437]


positive regulation of aspartic endopeptidase activity, intramembrane cleaving

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of intramembrane cleaving aspartic-type endopeptidase activity. [GOC:krc, PMID:32616437]


stalled replication fork localization to nuclear periphery involved in replication fork processing

A cellular localization process where a DNA replication fork that has stalled is signaled to relocate and anchor to the nuclear periphery for the time necessary to complete recombination-dependent replication. [GOC:krc, GOC:mah, PMID:33159083]


negative regulation of mitotic recombination involved in replication fork processing

maintenance of template fidelity during replication fork processing

negative regulation of template switch recombination involved in replication fork processing

suppression of template switching during replication fork processing

negative regulation of mitotic recombination-dependent replication fork processing

Any process that inhibits or decreases the rate of mitotic recombination-dependent replication fork processing. Suppression of recombination at replication forks is necessary to prevent template switching. [GOC:krc, GOC:mah, PMID:28586299, PMID:30667359, PMID:31149897]


positive regulation of recombination-dependent DNA replication

positive regulation of mitotic recombination-dependent replication fork processing

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic recombination-dependent replication fork processing. Regulation of mitotic recombination prevents recombination between inappropriate homologous sequences. Proteins involved in homologous recombination are required for replication restart. [GOC:krc, GOC:mah, PMID:23093942, PMID:28586299, PMID:31149897]


Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutaminyl-[protein] + serotonin = 5-serotonyl-L-glutamyl-[protein] + NH4(+). [GOC:sp, PMID:14697203]


Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutaminyl-[histone] + serotonin = 5-serotonyl-L-glutamyl-[histone] + NH4(+). [GOC:sp, PMID:30867594]


Catalysis of the reaction: dopamine + L-glutaminyl-[protein] = 5-dopaminyl-L-glutamyl-[protein] + NH4(+). [GOC:sp, PMID:22858378, PMID:32273471]


Catalysis of the reaction: dopamine + L-glutaminyl-[histone] = 5-dopaminyl-L-glutamyl-[histone] + NH4(+). [GOC:sp, PMID:32273471]


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-noradrenaline + L-glutaminyl-[protein] = 5-(R)-noradrenalinyl-L-glutamyl-[protein] + NH4(+). [GOC:sp, PMID:22858378]


Catalysis of the reaction: histamine + L-glutaminyl-[protein] = 5-histaminyl-L-glutamyl-[protein]. [GOC:sp, PMID:23022564, PMID:23797785]


Catalysis of the reaction: (L-lysyl-[protein] + lactoyl-CoA = CoA + H(+) + N(6)-lactoyl-L-lysyl-[protein]. [GOC:sp, PMID:31645732, RHEA:61996]


Catalysis of the reaction: (L-lysyl-[histone] + lactoyl-CoA = CoA + H(+) + N(6)-lactoyl-L-lysyl-[histone]. [GOC:sp, PMID:31645732]


Any process in which an organism changes its pigmentation (lightening in response to a brighter environment or darkening in response to a dimmer environment) in response to a change in light intensity. [GOC:cvs, GOC:krc, PMID:10493760, PMID:29239123, PMID:32898924]


Any process in which an organism changes its pigmentation (lightening in response to a brighter environment or darkening in response to a dimmer environment) in response to a change in light intensity detected by melanopsin-expressing eye cells. [GOC:cvs, GOC:krc, PMID:29239123, PMID:32898924]


Any process in which an organism changes its pigmentation (lightening in response to a brighter environment or darkening in response to a dimmer environment) in response to a change in light intensity detected by light sensitive cells in the integument. [GOC:cvs, GOC:krc, PMID:29239123, PMID:32898924]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition or modulates the distribution of coloring matter in an organism. [GOC:krc]


cellular response to actin cytoskeleton stress

cellular response to actin cytoskeletal stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of perturbations or damage to the actin cytoskeleton. [GOC:krc, GOC:vw, PMID:32915139]


An extended membranous thread which firmly connects the plasma membrane to the cell wall during plasmolysis such that the plasma membrane does not separate from the cell wall completely. [GOC:krc, PMID:32397402]


axonemal outer doublet biogenesis
axonemal outer doublet morphogenesis
axonemal outer doublet formation
axoneme outer doublet assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal outer doublet, a part of an axoneme consisting of a doublet microtubule. [GOC:ach, GOC:krc, PMID:16278296]


flagellum attachment to cell body
cilial attachment to cell body
ciliary attachment to cell body
flagellar attachment to cell body

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the lateral attachment of the cilium to the cell body via the flagellar attachment zone in some trypanosomatid species. [GOC:ach, GOC:krc, PMID:11877446, PMID:18820079, PMID:22623724, PMID:26272611]


The morphological, biochemical and genetic changes that induce the differentiation of metacyclic parasites into amastigotes in some of the Trypanosomatidae species such as Leishmania parasites and Trypanosoma cruzi. This process occurs inside the cells of the mammalian hosts, particularly in macrophages and other phagocytic cells for Leishmania parasites. [DOI:10.5772/intechopen.84639, GOC:ach, GOC:krc, PMID:12377273, PMID:13129524, PMID:26752404]


A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the conversion of an immature and partially assembled ciliary pro-basal body into a mature basal body that is capable of nucleating a cilium. [GOC:ach, GOC:krc, PMID:26862392]


regulation of oocyte karyosome formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oocyte karyosome formation, the chromosome organization process in which meiotic chromosomes in the oocyte nucleus cluster together to form a compact spherical structure called the karyosome. [GOC:ha, GOC:krc, PMID:33382409]


negative regulation of oocyte karyosome formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oocyte karyosome formation, the chromosome organization process in which meiotic chromosomes in the oocyte nucleus cluster together to form a compact spherical structure called the karyosome. [GOC:ha, GOC:krc, PMID:33382409]


positive regulation of oocyte karyosome formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oocyte karyosome formation, the chromosome organization process in which meiotic chromosomes in the oocyte nucleus cluster together to form a compact spherical structure called the karyosome. [GOC:ha, GOC:krc, PMID:33382409]


The assembly and organization of the sperm flagellum, the microtubule-based axoneme and associated structures that are part of a sperm flagellum (or cilium). [GOC:krc, PMID:32791035]


The assembly and organization of the sperm mitochondrial sheath, the tightly packed helical sheath of ATP-producing mitochondria restricted to the midpiece of the sperm flagellum. [GOC:krc, PMID:32791035]


negative regulation by symbiont of host cytokine production

suppression by symbiont of host cytokine production

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of cytokine production by the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [PMID:23083102]


transcription regulator inhibitor activity

A molecular function regulator that inhibits the activity of a transcription regulator via direct binding and/or post-translational modification. [PMID:10652346]


The organization of chromatin into heterochromatin at the pericentric region of a chromosome. [PMID:26744419]


chromatin receptor
protein-chromatin adaptor activity
chromatin adaptor
chromatin adaptor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a protein or a protein complex with a nucleosome, to establish or maintain the chromatin localization of the protein, or protein complex. [PMID:32277274]


silent mating-type cassette heterochromatin organization

The organization of chromatin into heterochromatin at a silent mating-type cassette locus. [PMID:26744419]


iron-sulfur cluster export from the mitochondrion

The directed movement of iron sulfur clusters from inside the mitochondrion into the cytosol by crossing the inner mitochondrial membrane. [PMID:31040179]


A series of reactions in which a signal is passed on to downstream proteins within the cell via HRI (also known as EIF2AK1), an intracellular protein kinase that is activated by stress signals, such as heme deficiency, oxidative stress, osmotic shock, mitochondrial dysfunction and heat shock. [PMID:27629041]


A series of reactions in which a signal is passed on to downstream proteins within the cell via GCN2 (also known as EIF2AK4), an intracellular protein kinase that is activated by stress signals, such as amino acid starvation. [PMID:27629041]


positive regulation of transepithelial migration of symbiont in host

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transepithelial migration of symbiont in host. [PMID:29113016]


The region directly beneath the plasma membrane at the cell tip at which no growth takes place. [PMID:17895368]


nuclear envelope-telomere anchor activity

telomere-nuclear envelope anchoring activity

telomere-nuclear envelope anchor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together the telomeric region of a chromosome and the inner nuclear membrane by interacting with both the telomere and the nuclear membrane, in order to establish and maintain the telomeric location. [PMID:31635174]


mitochondrion-ER membrane adaptor activity

mitochondrion-ER membrane tether activity

ER-mitochondrion membrane adaptor activity

ER-mitochondrion membrane tether activity

endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrion membrane adaptor activity

endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrion membrane tether activity

mitochondrion-endoplasmic reticulum membrane adaptor activity

mitochondrion-endoplasmic reticulum membrane tether activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a mitochondrion and an ER membrane either via membrane lipid binding or by interacting with a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, to establish or maintain the localization of the mitochondrion. [PMID:19556461, PMID:27875684]


The binding activity of a protein that brings together the spindle pole body and one or more other molecules, permitting them to function in a coordinated way. [PMID:19942852]


ergothioneine biosynthesis from histidine via hercynylcysteine sulfoxide synthase

A biosynthetic process that results in the formation of ergothioneine from histidine via a set of steps including the hercynylcysteine sulfoxide synthase reaction, which converts N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine directly to hercynylcysteine sulfoxide. [PMID:22209968, PMID:24828577]


establishment of spindle pole body localization to nuclear envelope

establishment of spindle pole body localisation in nuclear envelope

establishment of spindle pole body localization in nuclear envelope

mitotic spindle pole body insertion into the nuclear envelope

A process in which the duplicated mitotic spindle pole body is inserted into a fenestra which opens in the nuclear envelope in early mitosis, and is subsequently tethered to the membrane. [PMID:19487457, PMID:24529240]


ATPase-coupled Fe-S cluster transmembrane transporter activity

ABC-type iron-sulfur cluster transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + iron-sulfur cluster(in) = ADP + phosphate + iron-sulfur cluster(out). [PMID:31040179]


Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of iron. [PMID:11956219, PMID:25806539]


The binding activity of a protein that brings the kinetochore and another molecule into contact, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. [PMID:22521786]


5-aminolevulinic acid import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of 5-aminolevulinic acid from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. [PMID:31989647]


5-aminolevulinic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of 5-aminolevulinic acid from one side of a membrane to the other. [PMID:31989647, RHEA:64816]


Binding to a zinc ion to prevent it from interacting with other partners or to inhibit its localization to the area of the cell or complex where it is active. [PMID:12050156]


Binding to a metal ion to prevent it from interacting with other partners or to inhibit its localization to the area of the cell or complex where it is active. [PMID:12050156]


Binding specifically to heme to deliver it to a transport vesicle. [PMID:28193844, PMID:32185489]


The action of a molecule that provides a shape or a sequence mimicking or complementary to the final product, providing template for copying the original molecule's shape or sequence. [GOC:pg]


microtubule nucleation template activity

The action of a molecule that provides a shape mimicking the end of a microtubule to seed the formation of a new microtubule via self-assembly. [PMID:20631709, PMID:21993292]


metal-dependent ubiquitinyl-like hydrolase activity

metal-dependent ubiquitin-like hydrolase activity

An metal-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves ubiquitin from a target protein to which it is conjugated. [PMID:19489724]


very long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation

A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway acting on fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22 in which the initial step, which converts an acyl-CoA to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, is catalyzed by acyl-CoA oxidase; the electrons removed by oxidation pass directly to oxygen and produce hydrogen peroxide, which is cleaved by peroxisomal catalases. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively). [GOC:ha, PMID:17028011, PMID:32169171]


A vesicular organelle that forms on retraction fibers behind migrating cells and mediates the release of cytoplasmic contents during cell migration. [PMID:25342562, PMID:31371827]


A cell migration-dependent mechanism for releasing cellular contents. [PMID:25342562]


Binding to a gamma-tubulin complex. [PMID:30174135]


Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of negative regulation of mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling. [PMID:28017606]


regulation of autophagy of the endoplasmic reticulum

regulation of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reticulophagy. [PMID:32735772]


positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy

positive regulation of autophagy of the ER

positive regulation of autophagy of the endoplasmic reticulum

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of reticulophagy. [PMID:32735772]


effector-mediated suppression of host salicylic acid-mediated innate immune signalling

A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the suppression of host salicylic acid-mediated innate immune signalling. [PMID:25438793, PMID:30651637]


Microautophagy-mediated direct internalization of lipid droplets into a lysosome-like vacuole during nutrient depletion, such as during the transition to stationary phase or in response to nutrient limitation. Microlipophagy is mediated by the formation of sterol-enriched vacuolar microdomains at sites of engulfment. Initiation of microautophagy is defined as the point where liquid-ordered microdomains are formed at sites of engulfment, that requires S. cerevisiae Atg32p and Atg21p, as well as Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) sterol transporter proteins, Ncr1p and Npc2p. This is followed by redistribution of Atg14p from ER exit sites onto liquid-ordered vacuole membrane domains through interaction with stabilized AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and together with Atg6p facilities docking and internalization of lipid droplets (LDs) at sites of invagination. [PMID:25070953, PMID:28394250, PMID:28838958, PMID:29293450, PMID:29601311]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microlipophagy, the microautophagy-mediated direct internalization of lipid droplets into a lysosome-like vacuole during nutrient depletion. [PMID:28394250, PMID:29601311]


endoplasmic reticulum-autophagosome adaptor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together an ER membrane and an autophagosome during reticulophagy. [PMID:32735772]


granzyme-mediated programmed cell death signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals induced by granzymes which triggers the cell death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a granzyme signal, and ends when the execution phase of cell death is triggered. Granzymes are serine proteases that are secreted by cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells to induce cell death in target cells. [PMID:32299851]


The organization of a polarized cell layer during morphogenesis in protozoa; an example is found during culmination in D. discoideum, involving alpha and beta catenins. [PMID:21393547, PMID:22902739]


A narrow constricted region of the nucleus that forms around the anaphase spindle during closed mitosis, and connects the main portions of the newly forming daughter nuclei. [PMID:32848252]


Either of the regions of a mitotic nuclear bridge proximal to the main portion of each daughter nucleus. The nuclear envelope in the stalk regions is depleted of nuclear pore complexes. [PMID:32848252]


The central region of a mitotic nuclear bridge, distal to the main portions of the daughter nuclei. [PMID:32848252]


A mitotic cell cycle process which results in the assembly, arrangement, or disassembly of the mitotic nuclear bridge during closed mitosis. [PMID:32848252]


nuclear pore complex disassembly during mitosis

mitotic nuclear pore complex disassembly

The mitotic cell cycle process in which the controlled breakdown of the nuclear pores occurs during open or closed mitosis. [PMID:32848252]


The binding activity of a protein that brings together another protein and an RNA, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. [PMID:24470144]


The activity of joining two lipid bilayers to form a single membrane. [PMID:10332732, PMID:11493675, PMID:12600315, PMID:32100701, PMID:32641474]


A GTPase activity that mediates the joining two lipid bilayers to form a single membrane. [PMID:29663589]


The pole of the kinetoplast associated with kinetoplast DNA replication. The antipodal sites flank the kinetoplast DNA disk and are positioned approximately 180 degrees apart. In Trypanosoma brucei and Crithidia fasciculata, minicircles are attached at antipodal sites and they contain enzymes that catalyse some of the later reactions in minicircle replication. [PMID:12455998, PMID:17462016, PMID:8045928]


double membrane vesicle viral factory assembly

A process that results in the assembly of a cytoplasmic viral factory consisting of a double-membrane bound vesicle. [PMID:32555292]


A DNA recombination process that results in the bidirectional exchange of genetic material between highly homologous DNA molecules. [PMID:17846636]


kinetoplastid flagellar hook complex assembly

The assembly and organization of a bilobe structure, a cytoskeletal structure in some kinetoplastid species linking the structures of the ciliary pocket collar and the flagellum attachment zone (aka cilium attachment zone). [PMID:18443217, PMID:32675283]


The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the CMG complex, a protein complex that contains the GINS complex, Cdc45p, and the heterohexameric MCM complex, and that is involved in unwinding DNA during replication. The process begins when additional proteins (e.g. Cdc45 and Sld3) join the loaded, inactive double MCM hexamer at replication origins, and ends when Mcm10 triggers the separation of the Mcm2-7 double hexamers, forming two active CMG complexes. [PMID:22718908, PMID:28501329]


MCM double hexamer formation at replication origin

MCM complex loading at replication origin

The protein localization process in which two MCM complexes become associated with chromatin at replication origins. MCM loading begins when origin-bound ORC and Cdc6 (Cdc18 in fission yeast) recruit one MCM2-7/Cdt1 complex to the origin, includes formation of a succession of intermediate complexes and ATP hydrolysis-dependent Mcm2-7 ring closure, and ends when two MCM hexamers fully encircle DNA, and are oriented head-to-head. The double hexamer is inactive for DNA unwinding. MCM loading takes place during G1 phase, and precedes CMG complex assembly. [PMID:23603117, PMID:28191893, PMID:28191894, PMID:28501329]


regulation of osmosensory signaling MAPK cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osmosensory signaling MAPK cascade. [PMID:31911490]


negative regulation of osmosensory signaling MAPK cascade

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osmosensory signaling MAPK cascade. [PMID:31911490]


suppression of host RNAi-mediated antiviral immunity

suppression of host RNAi-mediated gene silencing

suppression of host RNAi-mediated antiviral immune response

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of the host's RNAi-mediated antiviral immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [PMID:17693253]


A transcription corepressor activity that represses or decreases the transcription of specific gene sets via binding to a DNA-bound nuclear receptor, either on its own or as part of a complex. Nuclear receptor corepressors often act by altering chromatin structure and modifications. For example, one class of transcription nuclear receptor corepressors modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second class remodels the conformation of chromatin in an ATP-dependent fashion. A third class modulates interactions of DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factors with other transcription coregulators. [PMID:7566114, PMID:7566126, PMID:9238851]


transcription regulator activator activity

A molecular function regulator that increases the activity of a transcription regulator via direct binding and/or post-translational modification. [PMID:9597751]


negative regulation of conjugation with zygote

A process that prevents a zygote from fusing an additional cell. [PMID:30089908]


regulation of melanotic encapsulation of foreign target

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of melanotic encapsulation of foreign target. [PMID:15749104, PMID:18457993]


negative regulation melanotic encapsulation of foreign target

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of melanotic encapsulation of foreign target. [PMID:15749104, PMID:18457993]


Piwi-associated RNA transcription
PIWI-interacting RNA transcription

The cellular synthesis of Piwi-interacting RNA piRNAs, a class of 24- to 30-nucleotide RNA derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism. [PMID:28847004]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of a piRNA. [PMID:28847004]


positive regulation of piRNA transcription

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of piRNA. [PMID:28847004]


cellular bud neck septin hourglass organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising the septin collar. [PMID:21736496, PMID:32386534]


Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a symbiont that act to protect the cell or organism from damage caused by that symbiont. [GOC:pg]


The acquisition of seed longevity is the ordered series of events during seed development, that prevent embryo deterioration and ROS damage and thus contribute to seed viability over time or in response to adverse environmental conditions. These events include protective (e.g. production of glassy cytoplasm ) and repair (e.g. oxidative stress responses) processes. [PMID:26637538]


envenomation resulting in erythrocytes agglutination in other organism

envenomation resulting in blood agglutination in other organism

envenomation resulting in red blood cells agglutination in other organism

envenomation resulting in blood agglutination in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with specific proteins binding to cell-surface carbohydrates and causing calcium-dependent agglutination of blood cells in the bitten organism. [PMID:10484740]


The membrane surrounding the spore core (endospore core) that separates it from its external environment. [PMID:23202530]


Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate. [PMID:33172987]


Catalyzes the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-xylose + [protein with EGF-like domain]-3-O-(alpha-D-xylosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl)-L-serine <=> UDP + [protein with EGF-like domain]-3-O-(alpha-D-xylosyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-xylosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl)-L-serine. The enzyme, found in animals and insects, is involved in the biosynthesis of the alpha-D-xylosyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-xylosyl-(1->3)- beta-D-glucosyl trisaccharide on epidermal growth factor-like (EGF- like) domains. [PMID:22117070, PMID:8982869, RHEA:22820]


EGF-domain serine glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + [protein with EGF-like domain]-L-serine <=> UDP + [protein with EGF-like domain]-3-O-(beta-D-glucosyl)-L-serine. [RHEA:58116]


EGF-domain serine xylosyltransferase activity

Catalyses the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-xylose + [protein with EGF-like domain]-L-serine <=> UDP + [protein with EGF-like domain]-3-O-(beta-D-xylosyl)-L-serine. [RHEA:62016]


Catalyzes the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-xylose + [protein with EGF-like domain]-3-O-(beta-D-glucosyl)-L-serine <=> UDP + [protein with EGF-like domain]-3-O-(alpha-D-xylosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl)-L-serine. [EC:2.4.2.42, PMID:30127001, RHEA:56064]


transmembrane protein dislocase activity

The activity of removing a protein from a membrane, by binding to a transmembrane helical fragment of a tail-anchored protein and releasing it from the the hydrophobic region of one or both lipid bilayers. The reaction is driven by ATP hydrolysis. [PMID:24821790, PMID:28712723, PMID:32973005]


extraction of mislocalized protein from membrane

The removal of a mislocalized protein from a cellular membrane. [PMID:24821790, PMID:28712723, PMID:32973005]


extraction of mislocalized protein from ER membrane

The removal of a mislocalized protein from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. [PMID:32973005]