down regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target

downregulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target

down-regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target

negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target. [GOC:add]


up-regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target

upregulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target

up regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target

positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target. [GOC:add]


regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. [GOC:add]


down-regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

downregulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

down regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. [GOC:add]


upregulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

up-regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

up regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

positive regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. [GOC:add]


regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. [GOC:add]


downregulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

down regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

down-regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

negative regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. [GOC:add]


up regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

up-regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

upregulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

positive regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. [GOC:add]


regulation of B-lymphocyte deletion
regulation of B-cell deletion
regulation of B lymphocyte deletion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell deletion. [GOC:add]


negative regulation of B-lymphocyte deletion

negative regulation of B lymphocyte deletion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell deletion. [GOC:add]


positive regulation of B lymphocyte deletion

positive regulation of B-lymphocyte deletion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell deletion. [GOC:add]


T-lymphocyte anergy
T lymphocyte anergy
T-cell anergy

Any process contributing to anergy in T cells, a state of functional inactivation which is part of T cell tolerance induction. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


regulation of NK cell tolerance induction

regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell tolerance induction. [GOC:add]


negative regulation of NK cell tolerance induction

down-regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction

downregulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction

down regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction

negative regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell tolerance induction. [GOC:add]


upregulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction

up-regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction

positive regulation of NK cell tolerance induction

up regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction

positive regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell tolerance induction. [GOC:add]


regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. [GOC:add]


down regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

down-regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

downregulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. [GOC:add]


up-regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

upregulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

up regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. [GOC:add]


regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus. [GOC:add]


downregulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

down-regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

down regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

negative regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus. [GOC:add]


up-regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

up regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

upregulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

positive regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus. [GOC:add]


regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus. [GOC:add]


down regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

downregulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

down-regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus. [GOC:add]


up regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

up-regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

upregulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus. [GOC:add]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of hypersensitivity. [GOC:add]


down-regulation of hypersensitivity
down regulation of hypersensitivity
downregulation of hypersensitivity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of hypersensitivity. [GOC:add]


upregulation of hypersensitivity
up-regulation of hypersensitivity
up regulation of hypersensitivity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of hypersensitivity. [GOC:add]


regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity. [GOC:add]


downregulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity

down-regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity

down regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity

negative regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity. [GOC:add]


upregulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity

up-regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity

up regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity

positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity. [GOC:add]


regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response. [GOC:add]


downregulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response

down-regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response

down regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response

negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response. [GOC:add]


upregulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response

up regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response

up-regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response

positive regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response. [GOC:add]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity. [GOC:add]


down regulation of type II hypersensitivity

down-regulation of type II hypersensitivity

downregulation of type II hypersensitivity

negative regulation of type II hypersensitivity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity. [GOC:add]


up-regulation of type II hypersensitivity

upregulation of type II hypersensitivity

up regulation of type II hypersensitivity

positive regulation of type II hypersensitivity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity. [GOC:add]


regulation of central B cell tolerance induction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell tolerance induction. [GOC:add]


down regulation of central B cell tolerance induction

down-regulation of central B cell tolerance induction

downregulation of central B cell tolerance induction

negative regulation of central B cell tolerance induction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell tolerance induction. [GOC:add]


upregulation of central B cell tolerance induction

up-regulation of central B cell tolerance induction

up regulation of central B cell tolerance induction

positive regulation of central B cell tolerance induction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell tolerance induction. [GOC:add]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell deletion. [GOC:add]


down regulation of central B cell deletion

downregulation of central B cell deletion

down-regulation of central B cell deletion

negative regulation of central B cell deletion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell deletion. [GOC:add]


up-regulation of central B cell deletion

up regulation of central B cell deletion

positive regulation of central B cell deletion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell deletion. [GOC:add]


programmed cell death of mature B cells by apoptosis

programmed cell death of mature B-lymphocytes by apoptosis

programmed cell death of mature B-cells by apoptosis

mature B cell programmed cell death by apoptosis

mature B-cell programmed cell death by apoptosis

programmed cell death, mature B-lymphocytes

mature B lymphocyte programmed cell death by apoptosis

programmed cell death, mature B lymphocytes

mature B-lymphocyte programmed cell death by apoptosis

programmed cell death of mature B lymphocytes by apoptosis

Any apoptotic process in a B cell that is mature, having left the bone marrow. [CL:0000785, GOC:add, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, ISBN:0781735149]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process. [GOC:add, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]


positive regulation of B cell apoptosis
up-regulation of B cell apoptosis
up regulation of B cell apoptosis
upregulation of B cell apoptosis

positive regulation of B cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process. [GOC:add, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]


regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mature B cell apoptotic process. [GOC:add, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]


down-regulation of mature B cell apoptosis

downregulation of mature B cell apoptosis

negative regulation of mature B cell apoptosis

down regulation of mature B cell apoptosis

negative regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mature B cell apoptotic process. [GOC:add, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]


up-regulation of mature B cell apoptosis

up regulation of mature B cell apoptosis

positive regulation of mature B cell apoptosis

positive regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mature B cell apoptotic process. [GOC:add, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]


regulation of peripheral B cell deletion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral B cell deletion. [GOC:add]


downregulation of peripheral B cell deletion

down regulation of peripheral B cell deletion

down-regulation of peripheral B cell deletion

negative regulation of peripheral B cell deletion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral B cell deletion. [GOC:add]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu]


laminin-411 complex location
laminin-411 complex
laminin-8 complex location

A laminin complex composed of alpha4, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains. [GOC:jl, PMID:10842354]


laminin-421 complex location
laminin-9 complex location
laminin-421 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha4, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains. [GOC:jl, PMID:10842354]


laminin-10 complex location
laminin-511 complex
laminin-511 complex location

A laminin complex composed of alpha5, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains. [GOC:jl, PMID:10842354]


laminin-521 complex location
laminin-11 complex location
laminin-521 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha5, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains. [GOC:jl, PMID:10842354]


laminin-213 complex
laminin-12 complex location
laminin-213 complex location

A laminin complex composed of alpha2, beta1 and gamma3 polypeptide chains. [GOC:jl, PMID:10842354]


CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation

CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte differentiation

CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte differentiation

CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell differentiation

CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell. [CL:0000624, ISBN:0781735149]


CD4-positive/CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment

CD4-positive or CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte lineage commitment

CD4-positive or CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte lineage commitment

CD4-positive or CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell lineage commitment

CD4-positive or CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment

The process in which an immature T cell commits to CD4-positive T cell lineage or the CD8-positive lineage of alpha-beta T cells. [ISBN:0781735149]


CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte lineage commitment

CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell lineage commitment

CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte lineage commitment

CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment

The process in which an immature T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell. [ISBN:0781735149]


CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte differentiation

CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell differentiation

CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte differentiation

CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell. [ISBN:0781735149]


CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte lineage commitment

CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell lineage commitment

CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte lineage commitment

CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell fate commitment

CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment

The process in which an immature T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell. [ISBN:0781735149]


ortho-aminobenzoic acid metabolic process


ortho-aminobenzoic acid catabolic process


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fucose. [GOC:mlg]


regulation of D-xylose catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylose. [GOC:mlg]


regulation of carbohydrate catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates. [GOC:mlg]


regulation of cellular carbohydrate catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, carried out by individual cells. [GOC:jl]


pigment biosynthetic process during pigment accumulation


anthocyanin biosynthetic process during anthocyanin accumulation in tissues in response to UV light stimulus

anthocyanin biosynthetic process during anthocyanin accumulation in response to UV light

anthocyanin biosynthesis during anthocyanin accumulation in tissues in response to UV light stimulus


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. [GOC:curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. [GOC:curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of formamide, the simplest amide, HCONH2, derived from formic acid. [GOC:jl]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of formamide, the simplest amide, HCONH2, derived from formic acid. [GOC:jl]


multifactor translation initiation factor (eIF) complex location

A multifactor complex composed of multiple translation initiation factors and the initiatior tRNAiMet, which is ready to bind to the small (40S) ribosome to form the 43S preinitiation complex. In S. cerevisiae, this complex is composed of eIF1, eIF2, eIF3, and eIF5. [GOC:krc]


astrocyte migration
astrocytic glial cell migration

The orderly movement of an astrocyte, a class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system, the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. [CL:0000127, GOC:go_curators]


The multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Keratinocytes are epidermal cells which synthesize keratin and undergo a characteristic change as they move upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin. [CL:0000311]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sucrose. [GOC:jl]


regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). [GOC:jl]


regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to oxidative stress

Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals. [GOC:jl]


regulation of DNA-dependent transcription in response to stress

regulation of DNA-templated transcription in response to stress

Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from a DNA template as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). [GOC:jl, GOC:txnOH]


intramolecular protein binding
protein self binding
protein self association

Binding to a domain within the same polypeptide. [GOC:jl]


cortical microtubule organization and biogenesis

cortical microtubule cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane of a cell. [GOC:curators, GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah]


proliferating cell nuclear antigen complex location

A protein complex composed of three identical PCNA monomers, each comprising two similar domains, which are joined in a head-to-tail arrangement to form a homotrimer. Forms a ring-like structure in solution, with a central hole sufficiently large to accommodate the double helix of DNA. Originally characterized as a DNA sliding clamp for replicative DNA polymerases and as an essential component of the replisome, and has also been shown to be involved in other processes including Okazaki fragment processing, DNA repair, translesion DNA synthesis, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling and cell cycle regulation. [GOC:jl, PMID:12829735]


response to oestrogen stimulus
response to estrogen stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


ncRNA 3' end processing
ncRNA 3'-end processing

small regulatory ncRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of small regulatory non-coding RNA molecule. [GOC:jl]


The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule. In eukaryotes, substrates include nuclear non-coding RNAs such as precursors and a variety of incorrectly processed forms of snRNAs, snoRNAs, rRNAs, and tRNAs, as well as discarded RNA fragments which have been removed from ncRNA primary transcripts. Polyadenylation of precursors is often linked to termination of transcription, but polyadenylation of RNAs targeted for degradation may also occur post-transcriptionally. This polyadenylation is important both for 3'-end processing to produce mature ncRNA species and also for targeting incorrectly processed or discarded RNA molecules for degradation. [GOC:dgf, GOC:krc, GOC:rn, PMID:15828860, PMID:15935758, PMID:16374505, PMID:16431988, PMID:18951092]


ncRNA polyadenylation during polyadenylation-dependent ncRNA catabolic process


modification-dependent macromolecule catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, initiated by covalent modification of the target molecule. [GOC:jl]


polyadenylation-dependent ncRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a noncoding RNA (ncRNA) molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target ncRNA. [GOC:dgf, GOC:jl, GOC:krc]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylnaphthalene, an organic compound, C10H7CH3, obtained from coal tar. [GOC:jl, PMID:16535687]


bisphenol-A catabolism
bisphenol-A catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bisphenol A, 4,4'-(propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol, a synthetic, aromatic organic compound used as a monomer in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic and in the manufacture of epoxy resins. [GOC:jl, Wikipedia:Bisphenol_A]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving puromycin, 3'-deoxy-N,N-dimethyl-3'-(O-methyl-L-tyrosinamido)adenosine, an aminonucleoside antibiotic that is a potent inhibitor of translation; produced by the bacterium Streptomyces alboniger. [GOC:jl, PMID:8226694, Wikipedia:Puromycin]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of puromycin, an aminonucleoside antibiotic that is a potent inhibitor of translation; produced by the bacterium Streptomyces alboniger. [GOC:jl, Wikipedia:Puromycin]


benzoate breakdown
benzoate degradation
benzoate catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid), a fungistatic compound widely used as a food preservative; it is conjugated to glycine in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid. [GOC:jl]


benzoate degradation via hydroxylation
benzoate breakdown via hydroxylation

benzoate catabolic process via hydroxylation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, by its hydroxylation to cis-1,2-dihydroxybenzoate followed by dehydrogenation to catechol. [GOC:jl, MetaCyc:PWY-2503]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving novobiocin, a coumarin antibiotic produced by the bacterium Gyrasestreptomyces spheroides, that acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase. [GOC:jl]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of novobiocin, a coumarin antibiotic produced by the bacterium Gyrasestreptomyces spheroides, that acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase. [GOC:jl]


tetracyclin metabolic process
tetracyclin metabolism
tetracycline metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetracycline, (4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide, a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by streptomyces bacteria that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles). [GOC:jl, Wikipedia:Tetracycline]


tetracyclin biosynthetic process
tetracyclin biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetracycline, (4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide, a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by streptomyces bacteria that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles). [GOC:jl, Wikipedia:Tetracycline]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cephalosporin, any of large class of tetracyclic triterpene broad-spectrum antibiotics similar both chemically and in their mode of action to penicillin, first isolated from the culture filtrates of mediterranean fungus acremonium (cephalosporium acremonium), and effective against gram-positive bacteria. [GOC:jl, Wikipedia:Cephalosporin]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cephalosporin, any of large class of tetracyclic triterpene broad-spectrum antibiotics similar both chemically and in their mode of action to penicillin, first isolated from the culture filtrates of mediterranean fungus acremonium (cephalosporium acremonium), and effective against gram-positive bacteria. [GOC:jl, Wikipedia:Cephalosporin]


myo-inositol phosphate metabolic process


dicarboxylate metabolic process
dicarboxylate metabolism
dicarboxylic acid metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). [ISBN:0198506732]


dicarboxylate catabolism
dicarboxylic acid degradation
dicarboxylic acid breakdown
dicarboxylate catabolic process
dicarboxylic acid catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups. [ISBN:0198506732]


dicarboxylic acid synthesis
dicarboxylic acid anabolism
dicarboxylate biosynthetic process
dicarboxylate biosynthesis
dicarboxylic acid biosynthesis
dicarboxylic acid formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving linoleic acid, an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid that has the molecular formula C18H32O2. [Wikipedia:Linoleic_Acid]


engulfment of cell corpse
engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse

The removal of the apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte. [GOC:rk, PMID:15536015]


detection of apoptotic cell
detection of cell corpse
recognition of cell corpse
detection of apoptotic cell corpse
recognition of apoptotic cell corpse

The process in which a cell interprets signals (in the form of specific proteins and lipids) on the surface of a dying cell which it will engulf and remove by phagocytosis. [GOC:rk, PMID:15536015]


The space within a host but external to the plasma membrane of host cells, e.g. within host bloodstream. [GOC:cc]


intracellular region of host
host intracellular

That space within the plasma membrane of a host cell. [GOC:cc]


A cell within a host organism. Includes the host plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the host cell wall and cell envelope. [GOC:jl]


A double-enveloped cell compartment, composed of the endosymbiont with its plasmalemma (as inner envelope) and an outer envelope (the perisymbiontic membrane) derived from the host cell. [GOC:cc]


A double-enveloped cell compartment, composed of an endosymbiont with its plasmalemma (as inner envelope) and a non-endosymbiotic outer envelope (the perisymbiontic membrane). [GOC:cc]


A symbiosome containing any of various structurally modified bacteria, such as those occurring on the root nodules of leguminous plants. [GOC:cc]


A membrane that surrounds one or more bacteroids (such as nitrogen-fixing bacteroids within legume root nodule cells). [GOC:cc]


The soluble material inside the peribacteroid membrane, but outside of the bacteroid, within a bacteroid-containing symbiosome. [GOC:cc]


A symbiosome containing any of various structurally modified bacteria, such as those occurring on the root nodules of leguminous plants, of a host cell. [GOC:cc]


A host-derived membrane that surrounds one or more bacteroids (such as nitrogen-fixing bacteroids within legume root nodule cells). [GOC:cc]


The soluble material inside the peribacteroid membrane, but outside of the bacteroid, within a bacteroid-containing symbiosome of a host cell. [GOC:cc]


regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphate from a phosphoprotein. [GOC:jp, PMID:11724821]


The wall surrounding a mature pollen grain; a multilayered structure consisting of a pectocellulosic intine surrounded by a sporopollenin-based exine, which itself contains two layers, the inner nexine and the outer sexine. [GOC:fz, PMID:15131249]


The outer layer of the pollen grain wall which is composed primarily of sporopollenin. [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/]


The outer part of the exine, which stains positively with basic fuchsin in optical microscopy and has higher electron density in conventionally prepared TEM sections. [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/]


The inner layer of the ectexine. [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/]


The inner part of the exine, which stains. [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/]


The inner, non-sculptured part of the exine which lies below the sexine. [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/]


The outer, sculptured layer of the exine, which lies above the nexine. [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/]


The third layer of the sexine. [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/]


The innermost of the major layers of the pollen grain wall which underlies the exine and borders the cytoplasm. [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/]


A complex of cell wall invaginations in a synergid cell, similar to those in transfer cells. [ISBN:0471245208]


copper exporting ATPase activity
copper-transporting ATPase activity
Cu2+-exporting ATPase activity
Cu(2+)-exporting ATPase activity

copper transmembrane transporter activity, phosphorylative mechanism


type IV fimbria biogenesis
type IV fimbriae biogenesis
type IV fimbrium assembly
type IV fimbria assembly
type IV fimbrial biogenesis
type IV fimbrial assembly
type IV pilus biogenesis
type IV fimbriae assembly
type IV fimbrium biogenesis

The assembly from its constituent parts of a type IV pilus. [GOC:jl, GOC:ml, PMID:31784891]


type IV protein secretion system complex location

type IV secretion system complex location

A complex of proteins related to those involved in bacterial DNA conjugative transfer, that permits the transfer of DNA or proteins into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells. In general the type IV complex forms a multisubunit cell-envelope-spanning structure composed of a secretion channel and often a pilus or other surface filament or protein(s). [GOC:ml]


activation by symbiont of host defense response

induction by symbiont of host defense response

The activation by an organism of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:cc]


Any constituent part of a virion, a complete fully infectious extracellular virus particle. [GOC:jl]


OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the cytoplasm, all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. [GOC:jl]


Binding to a HDEL sequence, the C terminus tetrapeptide sequence His-Asp-Glu-Leu found in proteins that are to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. [PMID:1327759]


A myosin complex containing a class I myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin I heavy chains are single-headed, possess tails of various lengths, and do not self-associate into bipolar filaments; myosin I complexes are involved in diverse processes related to membrane traffic and cell movement. [GOC:mah, http://www.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/myosin/Review/Reviewframeset.html, PMID:9438839]


A heterodimer of tubulins alpha and beta that constitutes the protomer for microtubule assembly. [ISBN:0716731363]


Differentiated cytoplasm associated with a pole of an oocyte, egg or early embryo that will be inherited by the cells that will give rise to the germ line. [GOC:dph]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the analia of the male over time, from formation to the mature structure. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:11494318]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the analia of the female over time, from formation to the mature structure. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:11494318]


siderophore breakdown
siderophore catabolism
siderophore degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances made by aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, especially when growing under iron deficient conditions. The complexes of Fe(3+)-siderophores have very high stability constants and are taken up by specific transport systems by microorganisms; the subsequent release of iron requires enzymatic action. [GOC:ai]


spliceosomal commitment complex biosynthesis


Binding to a DNA segment containing four-way junctions, also known as Holliday junctions, a structure where two DNA double strands are held together by reciprocal exchange of two of the four strands, one strand each from the two original helices. [GOC:krc, ISBN:0815332181, PMID:15563464]


Binding to a DNA segment containing the open form of a four-way junction, also known as a Holliday junction, a structure where two DNA double strands are held together by reciprocal exchange of two of the four strands, one strand each from the two original helices. The open form of a four-way junction can be diagrammed without any of the strands crossing over. [GOC:krc, ISBN:0815332181, PMID:15563464]


crossed form four-way junction DNA binding

Binding to a DNA segment containing the crossed form of a four-way junction, also known as a Holliday junction, a structure where two DNA double strands are held together by reciprocal exchange of two of the four strands, one strand each from the two original helices. The crossed form of a four-way junction cannot be diagrammed without any of the strands crossing over, and instead contains a single crossover between two of the strands. [GOC:krc, ISBN:0815332181, PMID:15563464]


Binding to a DNA segment shaped like a Y. This shape occurs when DNA contains a region of paired double-stranded DNA on one end and a region of unpaired DNA strands on the opposite end. [GOC:elh, PMID:16781730]


Binding to a DNA segment containing a loop. A loop occurs when DNA contains a large insertion or deletion that causes a region of unpaired single-stranded DNA to loop out, while the rest of the DNA is in a paired double-stranded configuration. [GOC:elh, PMID:16781730]


Binding to DNA segment that contains a bubble. A bubble occurs when DNA contains a region of unpaired, single-stranded DNA flanked on both sides by regions of paired, double-stranded DNA. [GOC:elh, GOC:vw, PMID:16781730]


double-strand/single-strand DNA junction binding

Binding to a DNA segment that contains double-stranded DNA flanked by a region of single-stranded DNA. [GOC:elh, PMID:16781730]


endopeptidase-like kinase chromatin-associated protein complex location

kinase, putative endopeptidase and other proteins of small size protein complex location

A protein complex involved in t6A tRNA modification. For example, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae the complex contains Bud32p, Kae1p, Gon7p, Cgi121p, and Pcc1p. [GOC:elh, GOC:vw, PMID:16564010, PMID:16874308, PMID:21183954, PMID:23945934]


regulation of transcription by galactose

Any process involving galactose that modulates the frequency, rate or extent or transcription. [GOC:go_curators]


downregulation of transcription by galactose

down regulation of transcription by galactose

down-regulation of transcription by galactose

carbon catabolite repression of transcription by galactose

A transcription regulation process in which the presence of galactose that leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources. Carbon catabolite repression is a mechanism of genetic regulation which the accumulation of catabolites of one substance in the cell represses the formation of enzymes that contribute to the catabolism of other substances. [GOC:mah]


up regulation of transcription by galactose

up-regulation of transcription by galactose

upregulation of transcription by galactose

positive regulation of transcription by galactose

Any process involving galactose that activates or increases the rate of transcription. [GOC:go_curators]


The modification of a histone by cis-trans isomerization of a proline residue. [GOC:krc]


The modification of a protein by cis-trans isomerization of a proline residue. [GOC:krc, PMID:16959570]


regulation of histone H3-K36 methylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 36 of histone H3. [GOC:krc]


downregulation of histone H3-K36 methylation

down regulation of histone H3-K36 methylation

down-regulation of histone H3-K36 methylation

negative regulation of histone H3-K36 methylation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 36 of histone H3. [GOC:krc]


upregulation of histone H3-K36 methylation

up regulation of histone H3-K36 methylation

up-regulation of histone H3-K36 methylation

positive regulation of histone H3-K36 methylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 36 of histone H3. [GOC:krc]


HIRA complex location
HIR complex location
HIRA complex

A protein complex proposed to be involved in replication-independent nucleosome assembly, by promoting histone deposition onto DNA. For example, in Saccharomyces, the complex contains Hir1p, Hir2p, Hir3p, and Hpc2p. [GOC:elh, GOC:mah, PMID:16303565, PMID:17180700]


DNA-directed RNA polymerase IVa complex location

DNA-directed RNA polymerase IV complex location

RNA polymerase IV is a multisubunit RNA polymerase complex found in the nucleus of plants and involved in accumulation of siRNAs and in DNA methylation-dependent silencing of endogenous repeated sequences. Pol IV is composed of subunits that are paralogous or identical to the 12 subunits of Pol II. The largest and second-largest subunits of Pol IV are the catalytic subunits and share similarity with the corresponding subunits of other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The second largest subunit is also found in RNA polymerase V, while the largest subunit is found only in RNAP IV complex. [GOC:krc, GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:15692015, PMID:15766525, PMID:16140984, PMID:19110459]


The lipid bilayer surrounding an autophagosome, a double-membrane-bounded vesicle in which endogenous cellular material is sequestered. [GOC:autophagy, GOC:isa_complete]


macromitophagy
autophagy of mitochondrion
mitochondrion autophagy

The autophagic process in which mitochondria are delivered to a type of vacuole and degraded in response to changing cellular conditions. [GOC:autophagy, PMID:15798367, PMID:19289147, PMID:23065344]


Degradation of a mitochondrion by lysosomal microautophagy. [PMID:15798367, PMID:27003723]


Degradation of a peroxisome by lysosomal microautophagy. [GOC:autophagy, GOC:pad, PMID:12914914, PMID:15350980, PMID:16973210]


plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase complex location

An RNA polymerase complex containing polypeptides encoded by the plastid genome. Plastid-encoded DNA-directed RNA polymerases resemble eubacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases, with a core composed of alpha, beta, and beta-prime subunits. Some forms contain multiple additional subunits. An additional sigma factor subunit is required for promoter recognition. [GOC:krc, GOC:mah, GOC:pj]


DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex location

A protein complex that possesses DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity. [GOC:krc]


regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by carbon catabolites

carbon catabolite regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to the modulation of the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources. [GOC:krc, GOC:mah]


regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose

Any process involving glucose that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. [GOC:krc]


regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose

Any process involving galactose that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. [GOC:krc]


upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose

up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose

up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose

positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose

Any process involving glucose that activates or increases the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. [GOC:krc]


down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose

down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose

downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose

carbon catabolite repression of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose

A transcription regulation process in which the presence of glucose leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific RNA polymerase II-transcribed genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources. Carbon catabolite repression is a mechanism of genetic regulation which the accumulation of catabolites of one substance in the cell represses the formation of enzymes that contribute to the catabolism of other substances. [GOC:krc]


down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose

downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose

down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose

carbon catabolite repression of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose

Any process involving galactose that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. [GOC:krc]


up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose

upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose

up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose

positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose

Any process involving galactose that activates or increases the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. [GOC:krc]


positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by carbon catabolites

carbon catabolite activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

Any process involving carbon catabolites that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. [GOC:krc]


flocculation via cell wall protein-carbohydrate interaction


oxidized pyrimidine base lesion DNA N-glycosylase activity

oxidized pyrimidine nucleobase lesion DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the removal oxidized pyrimidine bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized pyrimidine and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction involves formation of a covalent enzyme-pyrimidine base intermediate. Release of the enzyme and free base by a beta-elimination or a beta, gamma-elimination mechanism results in the cleavage of the DNA backbone 3' of the apyrimidinic (AP) site. [GOC:elh, PMID:11554296]


upregulation of peripheral B cell deletion

up-regulation of peripheral B cell deletion

up regulation of peripheral B cell deletion

positive regulation of peripheral B cell deletion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral B cell deletion. [GOC:add]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte anergy. [GOC:add]


down-regulation of lymphocyte anergy
downregulation of lymphocyte anergy
down regulation of lymphocyte anergy

negative regulation of lymphocyte anergy

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte anergy. [GOC:add]


upregulation of lymphocyte anergy
up-regulation of lymphocyte anergy
up regulation of lymphocyte anergy

positive regulation of lymphocyte anergy

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte anergy. [GOC:add]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell anergy. [GOC:add]


down regulation of central B cell anergy

down-regulation of central B cell anergy

negative regulation of central B cell anergy

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell anergy. [GOC:add]


upregulation of central B cell anergy
up-regulation of central B cell anergy
up regulation of central B cell anergy

positive regulation of central B cell anergy

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell anergy. [GOC:add]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral B cell anergy. [GOC:add]


downregulation of peripheral B cell anergy

down-regulation of peripheral B cell anergy

down regulation of peripheral B cell anergy

negative regulation of peripheral B cell anergy

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral B cell anergy. [GOC:add]


upregulation of peripheral B cell anergy

up-regulation of peripheral B cell anergy

up regulation of peripheral B cell anergy

positive regulation of peripheral B cell anergy

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral B cell anergy. [GOC:add]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response. [GOC:add]


down regulation of humoral immune response

down-regulation of humoral immune response

downregulation of humoral immune response

negative regulation of humoral immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response. [GOC:add]


up-regulation of humoral immune response

up regulation of humoral immune response

positive regulation of humoral immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response. [GOC:add]


regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin. [GOC:add]


down regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin

down-regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin

downregulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin

negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin. [GOC:add]


up-regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin

up regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin

upregulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin

positive regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin. [GOC:add]


The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of an axis or axes in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place or in which cells interpret a specific environment. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete]


follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum during fused antrum stage


follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum during distinct antral spaces stage


follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum during scattered antral spaces stage


developmental process involved in reproduction

A developmental process in which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism, germline or somatic, specifically contributes to its ability to form offspring. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete]


The developmental process in which the heart is generated and organized. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete]


Catalysis of the formation of cyclic terpenes through the cyclization of linear terpenes (e.g. isopentenyl-PP, geranyl-PP, farnesyl-PP and geranylgeranyl-PP) containing varying numbers of isoprene units. [EC:4.2.3.-, GOC:tair_curators]


lysosomal hydrogen ion-transporting ATPase V0 domain

lysosomal proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V0 domain

The V0 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the lysosomal membrane. [GOC:mah]


lysosomal hydrogen ion-transporting ATPase V1 domain

lysosomal proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V1 domain

The V1 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the lysosomal membrane. [GOC:mah]


hydrogen ion translocating A-type ATPase activity


hydrogen ion translocating V-type ATPase activity


exogenous lipid antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib

antigen presentation, exogenous peptide antigen

antigen processing and presentation, exogenous lipid antigen via MHC class Ib

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses lipid antigen of exogenous origin in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex on its cell surface. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 family. [GOC:add, PMID:10375559, PMID:15928678, PMID:15928680]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field. [GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_sensu]


reproductive process in a multicellular organism

multicellular organismal reproductive process

The process, occurring above the cellular level, that is pertinent to the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. This includes the integrated processes at the level of tissues and organs. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:tb]


Long distance growth of a single axon process involved in regeneration of the neuron. [GOC:jid]


regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in regeneration. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]


up-regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration

up regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration

upregulation of axon extension involved in regeneration

positive regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of axon extension involved in regeneration. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]


down-regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration

downregulation of axon extension involved in regeneration

down regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration

negative regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in regeneration. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]


The process in which nerve cells are generated. This includes the production of neuroblasts and their differentiation into neurons. [GOC:nln]


Steps required to form a membrane-bounded organelle into a pigment granule containing pigment. Maturation is a developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell or structure to attain its fully functional state. [GOC:dgh, GOC:jid, GOC:mh]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a companion cell. The companion cell is the specialized parenchyma cell associated with a sieve-tube member in angiosperm phloem and arising from the same mother cell as the sieve-tube member. [CL:0000284, GOC:jid]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a parenchymal cell. Parenchymal cells are the most abundant and versatile cells in plants. They have very few distinguishing characteristics and botanists classify them as any cell type that cannot be assigned to any other structural or functional class. They can redifferentiate and dedifferentiate and are involved in storage, basic metabolism and other processes. The cells are polyhedral, typically with thin, non-lignified cellulose cell walls and nucleate living protoplasm. They vary in size, form, and wall structure. [CL:0000668, GOC:jid, ISBN:069716957X, PO:0005421]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a collenchyma cell. This is a plant cell in which the primary cell walls are unevenly thickened, with most thickening occurring at the cell corners. Cells are living and able to grow, they are elongated, and lignin and secondary walls absent. Collenchyma cells make up collenchyma tissue which acts as a supporting tissue in growing shoots, leaves and petioles. This tissue is often arranged in cortical ribs, as seen prominently in celery and rhubarb petioles. [CL:0000330, GOC:jid, PO:0000075]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


calcium-induced calcium release activity

Enables transmembrane transfer of calcium ions from an intracellular store to the cytosol on induction by increased calcium concentration. [GOC:jid, GOC:nln, PMID:2990997, PMID:8381210, PMID:8653752]


A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a trichoblast cell to attain its fully functional state. [GOC:jid]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a root hair cell. [GOC:jid]


The process in which a protrusion or bulge is formed at the site of plant root hair outgrowth. [GOC:jid, PMID:12468740]


The process in which the root hair grows longer. [GOC:jid, PMID:12468740]


Localized growth of a plant root hair tip by extension of the cell wall. [GOC:jid, GOC:ki, PMID:12468740]


The process in which sarcomeres are added in series within a fiber. [GOC:jid, GOC:lm, PMID:15947030]


A small, subcellular membrane-bounded vesicle containing pigment and/or pigment precursor molecules. Pigment granule biogenesis is poorly understood, as pigment granules are derived from multiple sources including the endoplasmic reticulum, coated vesicles, lysosomes, and endosomes. [GOC:jid, GOC:mh]


The reorganization or renovation of existing tissues. This process can either change the characteristics of a tissue such as in blood vessel remodeling, or result in the dynamic equilibrium of a tissue such as in bone remodeling. [GOC:ebc]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a leucophore cell. Leucophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain uric acid or other purine crystals, deposited in stacks called leucosomes. This gives them a white appearance. [GOC:jid, GOC:mh]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an erythrophore cell. Erythrophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain pteridine and/or carotenoid pigments in structures called pterinosomes or erythrosomes. This gives them an orange to red appearance. [GOC:jid, GOC:mh]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a cyanophore cell. Cyanophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain a blue pigment of unknown chemical composition. The pigment is stored in fibrous organelles termed cyanosomes. [GOC:jid, GOC:mh]


regulation of leucophore differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leucophore differentiation. [GOC:mh]


down-regulation of leucophore differentiation

down regulation of leucophore differentiation

downregulation of leucophore differentiation

negative regulation of leucophore differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leucophore differentiation. [GOC:mh]


upregulation of leucophore differentiation

up-regulation of leucophore differentiation

up regulation of leucophore differentiation

positive regulation of leucophore differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leucophore differentiation. [GOC:mh]


regulation of erythrophore differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrophore differentiation. [GOC:mh]


down regulation of erythrophore differentiation

downregulation of erythrophore differentiation

down-regulation of erythrophore differentiation

negative regulation of erythrophore differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrophore differentiation. [GOC:mh]


up regulation of erythrophore differentiation

up-regulation of erythrophore differentiation

upregulation of erythrophore differentiation

positive regulation of erythrophore differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrophore differentiation. [GOC:mh]


regulation of cyanophore differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyanophore differentiation. [GOC:mh]


down regulation of cyanophore differentiation

down-regulation of cyanophore differentiation

downregulation of cyanophore differentiation

negative regulation of cyanophore differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyanophore differentiation. [GOC:mh]


upregulation of cyanophore differentiation

up-regulation of cyanophore differentiation

up regulation of cyanophore differentiation

positive regulation of cyanophore differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyanophore differentiation. [GOC:mh]


pigment biosynthetic process during pigment granule maturation


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hatching gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cells of the hatching gland contain enzymes responsible for solubilization of the egg chorion, facilitating the hatching process. [GOC:bf, GOC:dh, GOC:jid]


pre-synaptic active zone
presynaptic specialization

A specialized region of the plasma membrane and cell cortex of a presynaptic neuron; encompasses a region of the plasma membrane where synaptic vesicles dock and fuse, and a specialized cortical cytoskeletal matrix. [GOC:dh, GOC:dl, GOC:ef, GOC:jid, GOC:pr, PMID:3152289]


active zone pre-synaptic plasma membrane

The membrane portion of the presynaptic active zone; it is the site where docking and fusion of synaptic vesicles occurs for the release of neurotransmitters. [PMID:12812759, PMID:12923177, PMID:3152289]


cytoskeletal matrix organisation at active zone

cytoskeletal matrix organization at active zone

The assembly and arrangement of cytomatrix proteins to form complexes in the cell cortex beneath the active zone, i.e. just beneath the presynaptic plasma membrane. [GOC:dh, GOC:ef, GOC:jid, PMID:12812759]


maintenance of pre-synaptic active zone structure

maintenance of presynaptic active zone structure

A process which maintains the organization and the arrangement of proteins at the active zone to ensure the fusion and docking of vesicles and the release of neurotransmitters. [GOC:curators, GOC:dph, GOC:pr]


calcium ion-regulated exocytosis of neurotransmitter

The release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft by exocytosis of synaptic vesicles, where the release step is dependent on a rise in cytosolic calcium ion levels. [GOC:curators]


spontaneous exocytosis of neurotransmitter

The release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft, where the release step is independent of the presence of calcium ions (Ca2+). The neurotransmitter is contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle, and is released by fusion of the vesicle with the presynaptic plasma membrane of a nerve cell. [GOC:curators]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life. [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, PMID:10535314, PMID:15968585, PMID:18322540, XAO:00002000, ZFA:0000151]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the swim bladder over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ. [GOC:mh]


The process in which the anatomical structure of the swim bladder is generated and organized. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ. [GOC:mh]


A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a swim bladder to attain its fully functional state. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ. [GOC:devbiol]


gas bladder biosynthesis
gas bladder formation

The process that gives rise to the swim bladder. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ. [GOC:mh]


The expansion of the swim bladder by trapped gases. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ. [GOC:mh]


A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an animal organ to attain its fully functional state. An organ is a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. [GOC:curators]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the antennal joint are generated and organized. [GOC:jid]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the dorsal part of the body are generated and organized. [GOC:jid]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:jid]


The process in which the anatomical structures of male genitalia are generated and organized. [GOC:ems, ISBN:0140512888]


The process in which the anatomical structures of analia are generated and organized. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is analia morphogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_sensu]


The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendrite are generated and organized. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732, PMID:22683681]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis. [GOC:ai]


The process in which the anatomical structures of hermaphrodite genitalia are generated and organized. [GOC:ems, ISBN:0140512888]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the ocellus are generated and organized. The ocellus is a simple visual organ of insects. [http://fly.ebi.ac.uk/.bin/cvreport2?id=FBcv0004540]


down-regulation of hair follicle maturation

downregulation of hair follicle maturation

down regulation of hair follicle maturation

negative regulation of hair follicle maturation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle maturation. [GOC:devbiol]


upregulation of hair follicle maturation

up-regulation of hair follicle maturation

up regulation of hair follicle maturation

positive regulation of hair follicle maturation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle maturation. [GOC:devbiol]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle maturation. [GOC:devbiol]


A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a hair follicle to attain its fully functional state. [GOC:devbiol]


red blood cell development
RBC development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an erythrocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:devbiol]


enucleate RBC development
enucleate red blood cell development

The process aimed at the progression of an enucleate erythrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. [GOC:devbiol]


nucleate red blood cell development
nucleate RBC development

The process aimed at the progression of a nucleate erythrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. [GOC:devbiol]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a pigment cell precursor. [GOC:dgh, PMID:16499899]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cotyledon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cotyledon is the modified leaf (seed leaf), found as part of the embryo in plant seeds. It is involved in either storage or absorption of food reserves. Dicotyledonous seeds contain two cotyledons, while monocotyledonous seeds contain only one. The cotyledons may appear above ground and show photosynthetic activity in the seedling. [GOC:devbiol, GOC:tb, PO:0020030]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the cotyledon are generated and organized. The cotyledon is the modified leaf (seed leaf), found as part of the embryo in plant seeds. It is involved in either storage or absorption of food reserves. Dicotyledonous seeds contain two cotyledons, while monocotyledonous seeds contain only one. The cotyledons may appear above ground and show photosynthetic activity in the seedling. [GOC:devbiol, GOC:tb, PO:0020030]


collective phyllome structure development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a phyllome over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A phyllome is a collective term for all the different types of leaves appearing on plants. [GOC:devbiol, GOC:tb, PO:0006001]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the root cap over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The root cap protects the root meristem from friction as the root grows through the soil. The cap is made up of a group of parenchyma cells which secrete a glycoprotein mucilage as a lubricant. [GOC:tb]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of adventitious root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Adventitious roots are post-embryonic roots that develop from the plant shoot. [GOC:tb]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of shoot development. [GOC:tb, PMID:16361392]


Any process that modulates the number of floral organs formed in a floral whorl. [GOC:tb]


Any process that modulates the number of petals formed in a flower. [GOC:tb]


Any process that reduces the number of petals produced in a developing flower. [GOC:tb]


Any process that increases the number of petals produced in a developing flower. [GOC:tb]


sorocarp sorus formation
sorocarp spore head formation

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sorocarp sorus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A sorocarp sorus is the spore containing structure of a sorocarp. [GOC:devbiol, GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:4332228]


The process in which the dormant state is broken in a seed. Dormancy is characterized by a suspension of physiological activity that can be reactivated upon release. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:tb, ISBN:9781405139830]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:sr]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the otolith over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:sr]


regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance. [GOC:devbiol]


upregulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance

up regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance

up-regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance

positive regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance. [GOC:devbiol]


down regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance

down-regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance

downregulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance

negative regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance. [GOC:devbiol]


The process in which the anatomical structures of arterial blood vessels are generated and organized. Arteries are blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the body and its organs. [GOC:dsf, PMID:16740480]


The process in which the anatomical structures of venous blood vessels are generated and organized. Veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the body and its organs to the heart. [GOC:dsf, PMID:16740480]


axon extension involved in axon guidance

The long distance growth of a single cell process, that is involved in the migration of an axon growth cone, where the migration is directed to a specific target site by a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. [GOC:ef, GOC:jid]


adenophysis biosynthesis
anterior pituitary gland biosynthesis
anterior pituitary gland formation
anterior pituitary formation
adenophysis formation
anterior pituitary biosynthesis

The process that gives rise to adenohypophysis. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The adenohypophysis is the anterior part of the pituitary. It secretes a variety of hormones and its function is regulated by the hypothalamus. [GOC:cvs, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


posterior pituitary morphogenesis
posterior pituitary gland morphogenesis
neurophysis morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the neurohypophysis are generated and organized. The neurohypophysis is the part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation. [GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


neurophysis formation
posterior pituitary biosynthesis
posterior pituitary gland formation
neurophysis biosynthesis
posterior pituitary formation
posterior pituitary gland biosynthesis

The process that gives rise to neurohypophysis. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The neurohypophysis is the part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation. [GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the hypophysis are generated and organized. The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands. [GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


hypophysis biosynthesis
pituitary gland formation
pituitary gland biosynthesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the hypophysis are generated and organized. The hypophysis is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands. [GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the diencephalon are generated and organized. The diencephalon is the paired caudal parts of the prosencephalon from which the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus are derived; these regions regulate autonomic, visceral and endocrine function, and process information directed to the cerebral cortex. [GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0838580343]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the forebrain are generated and organized. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions). [GOC:cvs, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the brain are generated and organized. The brain is one of the two components of the central nervous system and is the center of thought and emotion. It is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.). [GOC:dgh, GOC:jid]


anterior pituitary gland morphogenesis
adenophysis morphogenesis
anterior pituitary morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the adenohypophysis are generated and organized. The adenohypophysis is the anterior part of the pituitary. It secretes a variety of hormones and its function is regulated by the hypothalamus. [GOC:cvs, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. [GO_REF:0000021]


The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neural nucleus from its initial condition to its mature state. A neural nucleus is an anatomical structure consisting of a discrete aggregate of neuronal soma. [GO_REF:0000021]


The process in which the anatomical structures of a cell projection are generated and organized. [GO_REF:0000021]


The process in which the limits of an anatomical structure are generated. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. [GO_REF:0000021]


The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a glioblast into daughter cells. [GOC:devbiol]


leukemia inhibitory factor signalling pathway

leukemia inhibitory factor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a leukemia inhibitory factor to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:devbiol, GOC:signaling]


The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a stem cell. [CL:0000034, GOC:isa_complete]


The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a stem cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. [CL:0000034, GOC:isa_complete]


The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a stem cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. [CL:0000034, GOC:isa_complete]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pollen tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. [GOC:isa_complete]


A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition. [GOC:isa_complete]


Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the multicellular organism. [GOC:isa_complete]


cell population homeostasis
homeostasis of cell number

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells. [GOC:isa_complete]


homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in a tissue. [GOC:isa_complete]


homeostasis of number of cells in a free-living population


Any process involved in the maintenance of the internal steady state of the amount of a chemical at the level of the tissue. [GOC:isa_complete]


Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a chemical. [GOC:isa_complete]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sensory system over time from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:dgh]


mechanosensory lateral line system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mechanosensory lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mechanosensory lateral line system consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head and body of all fishes and most amphibians. The neuromasts are innervated by several lateral line nerves, which project primarily to the hindbrain. The mechanosensory lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. [ISBN:0125296509]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lateral line consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head and body of all fishes and most amphibians. The lateral line develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear and between the eye and ear. [ISBN:0125296509]


The migration of a cluster of a relatively undifferentiated cell originating at specific cephalic placodes and depositing proneuromasts along a developing lateral line, from which the neuromasts will develop. [PMID:15018940, PMID:15832385]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neuromast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neuromast is the sensory organ of the lateral line and is composed of a population of sensory hair cells, and nonsensory supporting cells and mantle cells. Neuromasts are located superficially on the epithelium or in lateral line canals. [ISBN:0125296509]


The process in which a migrating neuromast primordium deposits clusters of undifferentiated cells (proneuromasts) along its migratory path in a developing lateral line. [PMID:15018940]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuromast hair cell. Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the neuromast and are located in a portion of the neuromast called the sensory strip. Each hair cell of the neuromast is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. There are approximately seven hair cells within each neuromast, with each hair cell innervated by afferent and efferent neurons. [CL:0000856, ISBN:0125296509]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cupula over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cupula is secreted by mantle cells and the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells of the neuromast are embedded in it. The cupula provides a mechanical linkage between the hair cells and the external hydrodynamic environment. The cupula of superficial neuromasts grows continuously, while the height of the cupula of canal neuromasts is limited by canal diameter. [ISBN:0125296509]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuromast mantle cell. Mantle cells are non-sensory cells that surround the sensory strip, separating the neuromast from the epidermis. Mantle cells secrete the cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells are embedded. [ISBN:0125296509]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuromast support cell. Support cells are non-sensory cells of the neuromast that extend between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; they are surrounded by mantle cells. [ISBN:0125296509]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lateral line ganglion develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear and behind the ear. [ISBN:0125296509, ISBN:0387968377]


lateral line ganglion neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lateral line ganglion neuron. [PMID:15018940]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line nerve over time, form its formation to the mature structure. Lateral line nerves project primarily to an octavolateralis column in the hindbrain that consists of the medial octavolateralis nucleus (MON), the caudal octavolateralis nucleus, and the magnocellular nucleus. [ISBN:0125296509]


afferent axon development in lateral line nerve

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an afferent axon in a lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the afferent axons in any lateral line nerve. [PMID:15832385]


efferent axon development in a lateral line nerve

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in a lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in any lateral line nerve. [PMID:15832385]


lateral line nerve glial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glial cell in a lateral line nerve. [PMID:12062041]


glial cell migration in lateral line nerve

The movement of a glial cell along the axons in a lateral line nerve. [PMID:12062041]


The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of a lateral line nerve. [PMID:12112375]


anterior lateral line system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The anterior lateral line system develops from cranial ectodermal placodes, situated between the eye and the ear, that give rise to both the neuromasts and the anterior lateral line sensory nerves that innervate the neuromasts. The anterior lateral line system consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head of all fishes and most amphibians and are innervated by several lateral line nerves, which project to the hindbrain. The anterior lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. [ISBN:0125296509, PMID:15018940]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The anterior lateral line consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head of all fishes and most amphibians. The anterior lateral line develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear. [ISBN:0125296509]


anterior lateral line neuromast primordium migration

The migration of a cluster of a relatively undifferentiated cell along the developing anterior lateral line, originating from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and the ear. The neuromast primordium deposits proneuromasts along the lateral line, from which the neuromasts will develop. [GOC:dgh, PMID:15832385]


anterior lateral line neuromast development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line neuromast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neuromast is the sensory receptor of the anterior lateral line system and is composed of a population of sensory hair cells, and nonsensory supporting cells and mantle cells. Neuromast are located superficially on the epithelium or in lateral line canals. [ISBN:0125296509]


anterior lateral line neuromast deposition

The process in which a migrating neuromast primordium deposits clusters of undifferentiated cells (proneuromasts) along its migratory path in the developing anterior lateral line. [PMID:15832385]


anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell. Neuromast hair cells are the sensory receptors of the neuromast and are located in a portion of the neuromast called the sensory strip. Each hair cell of the neuromast is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. There are approximately seven hair cells within each neuromast, with each hair cell innervated by afferent and efferent neurons. [ISBN:0125296509, ISBN:0387968377]


anterior lateral line neuromast cupula development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line neuromast cupula over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cupula is secreted by mantle cells and the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells of the neuromast are embedded in it. The cupula provides a mechanical linkage between the hair cells and the external hydrodynamic environment. The cupula of superficial neuromasts grows continuously, while the height of the cupula of canal neuromasts is limited by canal diameter. [ISBN:0125296509]


anterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell. Mantle cells are non-sensory cells that surround the sensory strip, separating the neuromast from the epidermis. Mantle cells secrete the cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells are embedded. [ISBN:0125296509]


anterior lateral line neuromast support cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anterior lateral line neuromast support cell. Support cells are non-sensory cells of the neuromast that extend between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; they are surrounded by mantle cells. [ISBN:0387968377]


anterior lateral line ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The anterior lateral line ganglion develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear. [ISBN:0125296509]


anterior lateral line ganglion neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron of the anterior lateral line ganglion. [PMID:15018940]


ALLN development
nALL development
rostral lateral line nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line nerve over time, form its formation to the mature structure. The anterior lateral line nerve contains efferent axons that innervate hair cells of the ALL and afferent axons that project to an octavolateralis column in the hindbrain. The octavolateralis column consists of the medial octavolateralis nucleus (MON), the caudal octavolateralis nucleus, and the magnocellular nucleus. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0125296509]


afferent axon development in anterior lateral line nerve

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an afferent axon in the anterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the afferent axons in the anterior lateral line nerve. [PMID:15018940]


efferent axon development in anterior lateral line nerve

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in the anterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in the anterior lateral line nerve. [PMID:15018940]


glial cell migration in anterior lateral line nerve

The movement of a glial cell along the axons in the anterior lateral line nerve. [PMID:12062041]


anterior lateral line nerve glial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve. [PMID:15832385]


myelination of anterior lateral line nerve axons

The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of the anterior lateral line nerve. [PMID:12112375]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line system develops from cranial ectodermal placodes, situated behind the ear, that give rise to both the neuromasts and the posterior lateral line sensory nerves that innervate the neuromasts. The posterior lateral line system consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head of all fishes and most amphibians. The neuromasts are innervated by several lateral line nerves, which project primarily to the hindbrain. The posterior mechanosensory lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. [ISBN:0125296509, PMID:15018940]

posterior lateral line system development


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the body and trunk of all fishes and most amphibians. The posterior lateral line develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear. [ISBN:0125296509]


posterior lateral line ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line ganglion develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear. [ISBN:0125296509, ISBN:0387968377]


PLLN development
caudal lateral line nerve development

posterior lateral line nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line nerve innervates hair cells of the PLL and projects to an octavolateralis column in the hindbrain that consists of the medial octavolateralis nucleus (MON), the caudal octavolateralis nucleus, and the magnocellular nucleus. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, ISBN:0125296509]


posterior lateral line neuromast development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line neuromast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neuromast is the sensory receptor of the anterior lateral line system and is composed of a population of sensory hair cells, and nonsensory supporting cells and mantle cells. Neuromast are located superficially on the epithelium or in lateral line canals. [ISBN:0125296509]


posterior lateral line neuromast primordium migration

The migration of a relatively undifferentiated cell along the developing posterior lateral line, originating from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear. The neuromast primordium deposits proneuromasts along the lateral line, from which the neuromasts will develop. [GOC:dgh, PMID:15832385]