The directed movement of xanthosine, xanthine riboside, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [ISBN:0198506732]


The directed movement of a pyrimidine nucleoside, a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of cytidine, cytosine riboside, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:go_curators]


The directed movement of uridine, uracil riboside, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:go_curators]


The directed movement of a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate, into, out of or within a cell. [ISBN:0198506732]


The directed movement of a deoxynucleotide, a deoxyribonucleoside in ester linkage to phosphate, commonly at the 5' position of deoxyribose, into, out of or within a cell. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


The directed movement of a purine nucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate, into, out of or within a cell. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of ADP, adenosine diphosphate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of ATP, adenosine triphosphate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of a purine ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine ribonucleoside (a purine organic base attached to a ribose sugar) esterified with (ortho)phosphate, into, out of or within a cell. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of a pyrimidine nucleotide, any compound consisting of a pyrimidine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate, into, out of or within a cell. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of one-carbon compounds into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]


oxalic acid transport
ethanedioic acid transport
ethanedioate transport

The directed movement of oxalate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Oxalate, or ethanedioic acid, occurs in many plants and is highly toxic to animals. [ISBN:0198506732]


The directed movement of an organic hydroxy compound (organic alcohol) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An organic hydroxy compound is an organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of polyols, any polyhydric alcohol, across a membrane. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of sorbitol across a membrane. Sorbitol, also known as glucitol, is the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of glucose. [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732]


The directed movement of myo-inositol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Myo-inositol is 1,2,3,4,5/4,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of propanediol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Propanediol is a sweet colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid used as an antifreeze and in brake fluid; it is also as a humectant in cosmetics and personal care items, although it can be absorbed through the skin with harmful effects. [http://www.rhymezone.com]


The process in which a microorganism (or other particulate material) is rendered more susceptible to phagocytosis by coating with an opsonin, a blood serum protein such as a complement component or antibody. [GOC:add, GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:068340007X, ISBN:0781735149]


The internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, including the membrane and cytoskeletal processes required, which involves one of three mechanisms: zippering of pseudopods around a target via repeated receptor-ligand interactions, sinking of the target directly into plasma membrane of the phagocytosing cell, or induced uptake via an enhanced membrane ruffling of the phagocytosing cell similar to macropinocytosis. [GOC:curators, ISBN:0781735149]


OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete). [GOC:hjd]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis. [GOC:go_curators]


down-regulation of endocytosis
down regulation of endocytosis
downregulation of endocytosis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis. [GOC:go_curators]


up-regulation of endocytosis
upregulation of endocytosis
up regulation of endocytosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis. [GOC:go_curators]


receptor mediated endocytosis by host of virus particle

virus receptor-mediated endocytosis by host

viral entry into host cell via receptor-mediated endocytosis

receptor mediated endocytosis of virus by host

receptor mediated endocytosis of virus particle by host

receptor-mediated endocytosis of virus by host cell

Any receptor-mediated endocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell; successive instances of virus endocytosis result in the accumulation of virus particles within the cell. [GOC:bf, GOC:jl, ISBN:0781702534]


The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell. [GOC:mah]


intracellular protein transport in host
host cell protein transport

symbiont intracellular protein transport in host

The directed movement of a symbiont's proteins within a cell of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mb]


intracellular transport of viral proteins in host cell

intracellular transport of viral protein in host cell

The directed movement of a viral protein within the host cell. [GOC:ai, ISBN:0781702534, ISBN:0781718325, PMID:11581394, PMID:9188566]


The directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]


muropeptide transport
murein peptide transport
peptidoglycan peptide transport

The directed movement of peptidoglycan peptides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Peptidoglycan peptides are the oligopeptides found in peptidoglycan networks which cross-link the polysaccharide chains. [ISBN:0198506732]


The directed movement of oligopeptides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages. [ISBN:0198506732]


The directed movement of a peptide pheromone out of a cell by a secretion or export pathway used solely for the export of peptide pheromones. [GOC:elh]


iron-siderophore transport
siderophore-iron transport

The directed movement of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]


OBSOLETE. Exchange diffusion of two solutes between the inside and outside of a cell or subcellular compartment, in which movement of one solute down a concentration gradient drives movement of the other solute in the opposite direction. [GOC:mah]


OBSOLETE. Exchange diffusion sodium and calcium ions in which influx of sodium ions to the cytosol drives the efflux of calcium ions from the cell. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, into, out of, or within a host cell. [GOC:ai]


OBSOLETE. The directed movement of vitamins or cofactors into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of acetyl-CoA into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Acetyl-CoA is a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of biopterin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Biopterin is a growth factor for certain protozoans and some insects; it is widely distributed in tissues and functions in a reduced form, tetrahydrobiopterin, as a hydroxylation coenzyme. [GOC:ai]


vitamin H transport
vitamin B7 transport

The directed movement of biotin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Biotin is cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid; the (+) enantiomer is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions. [GOC:ai]


Vitamin BT transport
vitamin Bt transport
Carnitine transport

The directed movement of carnitine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carnitine is a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of acyl carnitine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Acyl carnitine is the condensation product of a carboxylic acid and carnitine and is the transport form for a fatty acid crossing the mitochondrial membrane. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of coenzyme A into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, is an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester. [GOC:ai]


flavin adenine dinucleotide transport
flavin-adenine dinucleotide transport

The directed movement of flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. FAD forms the coenzyme of the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in which it functions as an electron acceptor by being reversibly converted to its reduced form. [ISBN:0198506732]


vitamin B9 transport
folate transport
vitamin M transport

The directed movement of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate, into, out of, within, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]


L-ascorbic acid transport
L-ascorbate transport
vitamin C transport

The process in which L-ascorbic acid is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of nicotinamide mononucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Nicotinamide mononucleotide is a ribonucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-n-glycosidic linkage with the c-1 position of D-ribose. It is a constituent of NAD and NADP. [ISBN:0721662544]


pantothenate transport
vitamin B5 transport
pantothenate membrane transport

The process in which pantothenate is transported across a membrane. Pantothenate is the anion of pantothenic acid, the amide of beta-alanine and pantoic acid; it is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods. [GOC:ai, ISBN:0721662544]


The directed movement of thiamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Thiamine is vitamin B1, a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]


natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

The directed killing of a target cell by a natural killer cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors. [GOC:add, GOC:pr]

natural killer cell mediated cell killing


regulation of natural killer cell mediated cell death

regulation of NK cell mediated cytotoxicity

regulation of NK cell mediated cell death

regulation of NK cell mediated cell killing

regulation of natural killer cell mediated cell killing

regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


downregulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cell death

down-regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cell killing

negative regulation of NK cell mediated cytotoxicity

negative regulation of NK cell mediated cell death

down regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

negative regulation of NK cell mediated cell killing

negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of natural killer mediated cytotoxicity. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cell death

up-regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cell killing

upregulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

positive regulation of NK cell mediated cytotoxicity

up regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

positive regulation of NK cell mediated cell death

positive regulation of NK cell mediated cell killing

positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


protection from NK cell mediated cell death

protection from natural killer cell mediated cell killing

protection from natural killer cell mediated cell death

protection from NK cell mediated cytotoxicity

protection from NK cell mediated cell killing

protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

The process of protecting a cell from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


susceptibility to NK cell mediated cell death

susceptibility to NK cell mediated cell killing

susceptibility to NK cell mediated cytolysis

susceptibility to natural killer cell mediated cytolysis

susceptibility to NK cell mediated cytotoxicity

susceptibility to natural killer cell mediated cell killing

susceptibility to natural killer cell mediated cell death

susceptibility to natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

The process of causing a cell to become susceptible to natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]


down-regulation of cytolysis
downregulation of cytolysis
down regulation of cytolysis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis. [GOC:go_curators]


upregulation of cytolysis
up regulation of cytolysis
up-regulation of cytolysis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis. [GOC:go_curators]


The morphological and physiological alterations undergone by mitochondria during apoptosis. [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]


Alterations undergone by nuclei at the molecular and morphological level as part of the execution phase of apoptosis. [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]


activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process

Caspase Activation involves induction of the activity of intracellular cysteine endopeptidase family members kept inactive by mitochondrial surface proteins (BcL-2 Family) and involved in initial signaling and downstream proteolytic cleavages (at P1 aspartic acids) in inflammation and apoptotic cell death when signals block BcL-2 function and activators initiate caspase cascades.


activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process by cytochrome c

Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process and is mediated by cytochrome c. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:tb, PMID:14744432, Wikipedia:Caspase]


induction of apoptosis via death receptors

induction of apoptosis via death domain receptors

extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors

The series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with a ligand binding to a death domain receptor on the cell surface, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]


induction of apoptosis by intracellular signals


induction of apoptosis by oxidative stress


programmed cell death, inflammatory cells

programmed cell death of inflammatory cells by apoptosis

inflammatory cell programmed cell death by apoptosis

Any apoptotic process in an inflammatory cell, any cell participating in the inflammatory response to a foreign substance e.g. neutrophil, macrophage. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]


nurse cell programmed cell death by apoptosis

programmed cell death of nurse cells by apoptosis

Any apoptotic process in a nurse cell. During late oogenesis, following the transfer of substances from the nurse cells to the oocyte, nurse cell remnants are cleared from the egg chamber by apoptotic process. [CL:0000026, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, PMID:11973306]


regulation of nurse cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process. [GOC:mtg_apoptosis, PMID:11973306]


positive regulation of nurse cell apoptosis

positive regulation of nurse cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]


A process which directly activates any of the steps required for programmed cell death. [GOC:lr]


induction of nonapoptotic programmed cell death

induction of non-apoptotic programmed cell death


induction of retinal programmed cell death


programmed cell death, retina cells
programmed cell death, retinal cells
retinal programmed cell death
retina cell programmed cell death
retina programmed cell death

Programmed cell death that occurs in the developing retina. [GOC:bf]


regulation of retinal programmed cell death

regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina. [GOC:ai, GOC:tb]


downregulation of retinal cell programmed cell death

negative regulation of retina cell programmed cell death

negative regulation of retinal programmed cell death

inhibition of retinal cell programmed cell death

down regulation of retinal programmed cell death

down-regulation of retinal programmed cell death

down-regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death

down regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death

downregulation of retinal programmed cell death

negative regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina. [GOC:ai, GOC:tb]


up regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death

stimulation of retinal cell programmed cell death

up-regulation of retinal programmed cell death

activation of retinal cell programmed cell death

positive regulation of retinal programmed cell death

positive regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death

upregulation of retinal programmed cell death

upregulation of retinal cell programmed cell death

up regulation of retinal programmed cell death

up-regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina. [GOC:ai, GOC:tb]


adipocyte cell differentiation
adipose cell differentiation
adipocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat. [CL:0000136, GOC:go_curators]


regulation of adipocyte cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


down regulation of fat cell differentiation

downregulation of fat cell differentiation

down-regulation of fat cell differentiation

negative regulation of adipocyte differentiation

negative regulation of adipocyte cell differentiation

negative regulation of fat cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


upregulation of fat cell differentiation

positive regulation of adipocyte cell differentiation

up regulation of fat cell differentiation

up-regulation of fat cell differentiation

positive regulation of adipocyte differentiation

positive regulation of fat cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


The process in which a mesodermal, bone marrow or neural crest cell acquires specialized features of an endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell. A layer of such cells lines the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium. [CL:0000115, GOC:go_curators]


regulation of endothelial cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


downregulation of endothelial cell differentiation

down-regulation of endothelial cell differentiation

down regulation of endothelial cell differentiation

negative regulation of endothelial cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


up-regulation of endothelial cell differentiation

upregulation of endothelial cell differentiation

up regulation of endothelial cell differentiation

positive regulation of endothelial cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epidermal cell, any of the cells making up the epidermis. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:sdb_2009, GOC:tb]


auditory receptor cell differentiation
auditory hair cell differentiation

inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized inner cell acquires specialized features of an auditory hair cell. [CL:0000201, GOC:jl]


regulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation

regulation of auditory hair cell differentiation

regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


down regulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation

negative regulation of auditory hair cell differentiation

down-regulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation

negative regulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation

downregulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation

negative regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


upregulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation

up-regulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation

positive regulation of auditory hair cell differentiation

up regulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation

positive regulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation

positive regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


The process in which the cellular identity of auditory hair cells is acquired and determined. [GOC:lr]


regulation of epidermal cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


down regulation of epidermal cell differentiation

down-regulation of epidermal cell differentiation

downregulation of epidermal cell differentiation

negative regulation of epidermal cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


upregulation of epidermal cell differentiation

up-regulation of epidermal cell differentiation

up regulation of epidermal cell differentiation

positive regulation of epidermal cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


The process in which a hemocyte precursor cell acquires the characteristics of the phagocytic blood-cell type, the plasmatocyte. Plasmatocytes are a class of arthropod hemocytes important in the cellular defense response. [PMID:11921077, PMID:8174791]


regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plasmatocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


down regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation

downregulation of plasmatocyte differentiation

down-regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation

negative regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plasmatocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


up-regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation

upregulation of plasmatocyte differentiation

up regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation

positive regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasmatocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


regulation of arthropod blood cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


downregulation of hemocyte differentiation

down-regulation of hemocyte differentiation

negative regulation of arthropod blood cell differentiation

down regulation of hemocyte differentiation

negative regulation of hemocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


upregulation of hemocyte differentiation

positive regulation of arthropod blood cell differentiation

up-regulation of hemocyte differentiation

up regulation of hemocyte differentiation

positive regulation of hemocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a keratinocyte. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:sdb_2009, GOC:tb]


regulation of keratinocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


downregulation of keratinocyte differentiation

down-regulation of keratinocyte differentiation

down regulation of keratinocyte differentiation

negative regulation of keratinocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


up-regulation of keratinocyte differentiation

upregulation of keratinocyte differentiation

up regulation of keratinocyte differentiation

positive regulation of keratinocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


lymphocytic blood cell differentiation
lymphocyte cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized precursor cell acquires specialized features of a lymphocyte. A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin. [CL:0000542, GOC:go_curators]


regulation of lymphocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


down-regulation of lymphocyte differentiation

down regulation of lymphocyte differentiation

downregulation of lymphocyte differentiation

negative regulation of lymphocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


up-regulation of lymphocyte differentiation

up regulation of lymphocyte differentiation

upregulation of lymphocyte differentiation

positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


T-cell selection
T lymphocyte selection
T-lymphocyte selection

The process in which T cells that express T cell receptors that are restricted by self MHC protein complexes and tolerant to self antigens are selected for further maturation. [ISBN:0781735149, PMID:12414722]


extrathymic T-lymphocyte selection
extrathymic T-cell selection
extrathymic T lymphocyte selection

The process of T cell selection that occurs in extrathymic locations, often resulting T cells of distinct specificities from those selected in the thymus. [ISBN:0781735149, PMID:7880383]


negative extrathymic T lymphocyte selection

negative extrathymic T-lymphocyte selection

The process of elimination of extrathymically maturing T cells which react strongly with self-antigens. [ISBN:0781735149, PMID:7880383]


positive extrathymic T-lymphocyte selection

positive extrathymic T lymphocyte selection

The process of sparing extrathymically maturing T cells which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death. [ISBN:0781735149, PMID:7880383]


negative thymic T-lymphocyte selection
negative thymic T-cell selection
negative thymic T lymphocyte selection

The process of elimination of immature T cells in the thymus which react strongly with self-antigens. [ISBN:0781735149, PMID:12414722]


positive thymic T-lymphocyte selection
positive thymic T lymphocyte selection
positive thymic T-cell selection

The process of sparing immature T cells in the thymus which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death. [ISBN:0781735149, PMID:12414722]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mechanoreceptor, a cell specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. [CL:0000199, GOC:jl]


regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


down regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation

down-regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation

downregulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation

negative regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


up regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation

upregulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation

up-regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation

positive regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


melanophore differentiation
melanocyte cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a melanocyte. [GOC:mah]


regulation of melanophore differentiation

regulation of melanocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


down-regulation of melanocyte differentiation

downregulation of melanocyte differentiation

negative regulation of melanophore differentiation

down regulation of melanocyte differentiation

negative regulation of melanocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


up-regulation of melanocyte differentiation

positive regulation of melanophore differentiation

upregulation of melanocyte differentiation

up regulation of melanocyte differentiation

positive regulation of melanocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires specialized features of a basophil cell. [GOC:jid, GOC:mah]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


downregulation of basophil differentiation

down-regulation of basophil differentiation

down regulation of basophil differentiation

negative regulation of basophil differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


up-regulation of basophil differentiation

upregulation of basophil differentiation

up regulation of basophil differentiation

positive regulation of basophil differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specializes features of an eosinophil. [GOC:add, GOC:mah]


regulation of eosinophil differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


downregulation of eosinophil differentiation

down regulation of eosinophil differentiation

down-regulation of eosinophil differentiation

negative regulation of eosinophil differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


up-regulation of eosinophil differentiation

upregulation of eosinophil differentiation

up regulation of eosinophil differentiation

positive regulation of eosinophil differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


regulation of red blood cell differentiation

regulation of erythrocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


negative regulation of red blood cell differentiation

down regulation of erythrocyte differentiation

down-regulation of erythrocyte differentiation

downregulation of erythrocyte differentiation

negative regulation of RBC differentiation

negative regulation of erythrocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


up regulation of erythrocyte differentiation

upregulation of erythrocyte differentiation

positive regulation of RBC differentiation

up-regulation of erythrocyte differentiation

positive regulation of red blood cell differentiation

positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a macrophage. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


regulation of macrophage differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


down-regulation of macrophage differentiation

downregulation of macrophage differentiation

down regulation of macrophage differentiation

negative regulation of macrophage differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


up-regulation of macrophage differentiation

upregulation of macrophage differentiation

up regulation of macrophage differentiation

positive regulation of macrophage differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of a megakaryocyte. [GOC:mah]


regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


downregulation of megakaryocyte differentiation

down-regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation

down regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation

negative regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


up-regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation

up regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation

upregulation of megakaryocyte differentiation

positive regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a monocyte. [GOC:mah]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


downregulation of monocyte differentiation

down regulation of monocyte differentiation

down-regulation of monocyte differentiation

negative regulation of monocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


upregulation of monocyte differentiation

up-regulation of monocyte differentiation

up regulation of monocyte differentiation

positive regulation of monocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


neutrophil granulocytopoiesis
neutrophil cell differentiation
neutrophil granulocyte differentiation

The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a neutrophil. [GOC:mah]


regulation of neutrophil differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


down regulation of neutrophil differentiation

downregulation of neutrophil differentiation

down-regulation of neutrophil differentiation

negative regulation of neutrophil differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


up-regulation of neutrophil differentiation

up regulation of neutrophil differentiation

upregulation of neutrophil differentiation

positive regulation of neutrophil differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


The process in which platelets bud from long processes extended by megakaryocytes. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into striated muscle fibers. [CL:0000056, GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_muscle]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. [CL:0000056, GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_muscle]


down-regulation of myoblast differentiation

down regulation of myoblast differentiation

downregulation of myoblast differentiation

negative regulation of myoblast differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. [CL:0000056, GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_muscle]


up-regulation of myoblast differentiation

upregulation of myoblast differentiation

up regulation of myoblast differentiation

positive regulation of myoblast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. [CL:0000056, GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_muscle]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron. [GOC:mah]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


down regulation of neuron differentiation

downregulation of neuron differentiation

down-regulation of neuron differentiation

negative regulation of neuron differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


up-regulation of neuron differentiation
up regulation of neuron differentiation
upregulation of neuron differentiation

positive regulation of neuron differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an osteoblast, a mesodermal or neural crest cell that gives rise to bone. [CL:0000062, GO_REF:0000034, GOC:jid]


regulation of osteoblast differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


down-regulation of osteoblast differentiation

downregulation of osteoblast differentiation

down regulation of osteoblast differentiation

negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


up-regulation of osteoblast differentiation

up regulation of osteoblast differentiation

upregulation of osteoblast differentiation

positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of an osteoclast. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue. [CL:0000092, GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:12161749]


regulation of osteoclast differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


downregulation of osteoclast differentiation

down regulation of osteoclast differentiation

down-regulation of osteoclast differentiation

negative regulation of osteoclast differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


upregulation of osteoclast differentiation

up-regulation of osteoclast differentiation

up regulation of osteoclast differentiation

positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


Development of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. [GOC:go_curators]


Development of a photoreceptor, a sensory cell in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. They usually contain a pigment that undergoes a chemical change when light is absorbed, thus stimulating a nerve. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0192800981]


The process in which the R1/R6 photoreceptors commit to their cell fate. R1 and R6 are paired photoreceptors which contribute the outer rhabdomeres. [PMID:3076112, PMID:3937883]


The process in which the R2/R5 photoreceptors commit to their cell fate. R2 and R5 are paired photoreceptors which contribute the outer rhabdomeres. [PMID:3076112, PMID:3937883]


The process in which the R3/R4 photoreceptors commit to their cell fate. R3 and R4 are paired photoreceptors which contribute the outer rhabdomeres. [PMID:3076112, PMID:3937883]


The process in which the R7 photoreceptor commits to its cell fate. The R7 receptor contributes the central part of the rhabdomere in the apical parts of the ommatidium. [PMID:3076112, PMID:3937883]


The process in which the R8 photoreceptor commits to its cell fate. The R8 receptor contributes the central part of the rhabdomere in the basal parts of the ommatidium. [PMID:3076112, PMID:3937883]


The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an R8 cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. [PMID:11880339]


negative regulation of R7 differentiation

negative regulation of R7 cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R7cell differentiation. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]


positive regulation of R7 differentiation

positive regulation of R7 cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R7 cell differentiation. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]


negative regulation of R8 differentiation

negative regulation of R8 cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R8 cell differentiation. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]


positive regulation of R8 differentiation

positive regulation of R8 cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R8 cell differentiation. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]


regulation of R8 cell spacing in compound eye

Any process that ensures that the R8 cells are selected in a precise progressive pattern so that they are evenly spaced throughout the eye disc. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, PMID:11880339]


positive regulation of R8 spacing
up regulation of R8 spacing
upregulation of R8 spacing
up-regulation of R8 spacing

positive regulation of R8 cell spacing in compound eye

Any process that activates or enforces the correct R8 cell spacing in a compound eye. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]


R8 cell-mediated photoreceptor organization

The regionalization process that coordinates the recruitment and organization of other non-R8 photoreceptors by the R8 photoreceptor. [PMID:11880339]


The assembly and arrangement of a rhabdomere within a cell. The rhabdomere is the organelle on the apical surface of a photoreceptor cell that contains the visual pigments. [PMID:3076112, PMID:3937883]


A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a rhabdomere membrane. [GOC:jl]


The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a photoreceptor cell. A photoreceptor cell is a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation. Different classes of photoreceptor have different spectral sensitivities and express different photosensitive pigments. [GOC:mtg_sensu]


The specialization of organization of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732]


regulation of photoreceptor differentiation

regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:go_curators]


down-regulation of photoreceptor differentiation

inhibition of photoreceptor differentiation

downregulation of photoreceptor differentiation

downregulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation

down regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation

negative regulation of photoreceptor differentiation

down regulation of photoreceptor differentiation

down-regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation

negative regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:go_curators]


upregulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation

stimulation of photoreceptor differentiation

activation of photoreceptor differentiation

positive regulation of photoreceptor differentiation

upregulation of photoreceptor differentiation

up-regulation of photoreceptor differentiation

up regulation of photoreceptor differentiation

up-regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation

up regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation

positive regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:go_curators]


regulation of eye photoreceptor development

regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development. [GOC:jl]


down-regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development

negative regulation of eye photoreceptor development

down regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development

inhibition of eye photoreceptor development

downregulation of eye photoreceptor development

down-regulation of eye photoreceptor development

down regulation of eye photoreceptor development

downregulation of eye photoreceptor cell development

negative regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development. [GOC:jl]


positive regulation of eye photoreceptor development

up regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development

up-regulation of eye photoreceptor development

stimulation of eye photoreceptor development

up-regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development

up regulation of eye photoreceptor development

activation of eye photoreceptor development

upregulation of eye photoreceptor development

upregulation of eye photoreceptor cell development

positive regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development. [GOC:jl]


Development of a cone cell, one of the sensory cells in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. Cone cells contain the photopigment iodopsin or cyanopsin and are responsible for photopic (daylight) vision. [ISBN:0198506732]


The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal cone cell. A retinal cone cell is one of the two photoreceptor subtypes in a camera-type eye. [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:3076112, PMID:3937883]


Development of a rod cell, one of the sensory cells in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. Rod cells contain the photopigment rhodopsin or porphyropsin and are responsible for vision in dim light. [ISBN:0198506732]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features. [GOC:go_curators]


The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field. [ISBN:0716731185]


A process involved in cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment. [ISBN:0878932437]


The cell fate determination process that results in a cell becoming capable of differentiating autonomously into an ectoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0878932437]


The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an endoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0878932437]


The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0878932437]


The process involved in the specification of cell identity. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. [GOC:go_curators]


The cell fate determination process that results in a cell becoming becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an ectoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. [GOC:go_curators]


The cell fate determination process that results in a cell becoming capable of differentiating autonomously into an endoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. [GOC:go_curators]


The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. [GOC:go_curators]


The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the ectoderm. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0878932437]


The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the endoderm. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0878932437]


The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the mesoderm. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0878932437]


The separation of a multi-nucleate cell or syncytium into individual cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster embryo development. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0716731363]


embryonic development via the syncytial blastoderm

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through syncytial blastoderm to the hatching of the first instar larva. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu]


Maintenance of the amnioserosa, an epithelium that occupies a hole in the embryonic dorsal epidermis. [GOC:bf]


The process during Drosophila embryogenesis whereby the ectodermal cells of the lateral epithelium stretch in a coordinated fashion to internalize the amnioserosa cells and close the embryo dorsally. [PMID:9224720]


dorsal closure, amnioserosa morphology change

The changes that occur during dorsal closure of the shape and structure of the amnioserosa, an epithelium that occupies the dorsal side of the embryo. [PMID:12147138]


Events that occur at the start of dorsal closure. [GOC:bf]


Closure of the dorsal hole. Filopodia extending from each leading edge interdigitate at the dorsal midline and appear to prime the formation of adherens junctions between the two rows of leading edge cells. Newly formed septate junctions are also used to seal the dorsal hole. [GOC:bf, PMID:12147138]


The spreading of the amnioserosa from its compressed state to cover the whole of the dorsal surface. Initiating in the thorax and spreading posteriorly, it is accompanied by the transition from a parasegmental to segmental division of the embryo. [GOC:bf, PMID:12147138]


Movement of the anterior ectoderm to the interior of the embryo. [ISBN:0879694238]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the oenocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The oenocytes are large secretory cells found in clusters underlying the epidermis of larval abdominal segments. [GOC:bf, PMID:11171397]


pseudocleavage during syncytial blastoderm formation


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu]


The formation of the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm during gastrulation. [GOC:go_curators]


The formation of ectoderm during gastrulation. [GOC:go_curators]


The formation of the endoderm during gastrulation. [GOC:go_curators]


The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts. [GOC:go_curators]


A gastrulation process in which the initial invagination becomes the mouth and the anus forms second. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu]


Formation of the amnioserosa, an epithelium that occupies a hole in the embryonic dorsal epidermis. This occurs by the transformation of a narrow strip of cells at the dorsal midline of the blastoderm from columnar to squamous cells, accompanied by a lateral shift. [ISBN:0879694238]


Internalization of the anterior midgut into the interior of the embryo. [ISBN:0879694238]


Formation of a partial necklace of inturning tissue on the lateral sides of the embryo, along the dorsal-ventral axis. This furrow demarcates head from thorax in the developing protostome. [ISBN:0879694238]


Elongation of the germ band on the ventral side of the embryo, accompanied by a halving in width. The elongation process pushes the posterior midgut invagination closed and compresses the amnioserosa further. [ISBN:0879694238]


Formation of a cup-shaped invagination at the posterior end of the embryo, bringing the posterior midgut and hindgut primordia into the interior. [ISBN:0879694238]


Formation of a ventral indentation (furrow) from the blastoderm epithelium, which is internalized to form a tube in the interior of the embryo, marking the start of gastrulation. [ISBN:0879694238]


The regionalization process in which the area where the ventral midline will form is specified. [GOC:bf, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:vk]


determination of anterior border of ventral midline


determination of posterior border of ventral midline


The formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system. [GOC:dph, ISBN:0878932437]


Partial constriction of the cytoplasm of a cell to form a furrow that resembles a cleavage furrow but does not complete cytokinesis. [GOC:mah, PMID:10751167, PMID:30990821, PMID:7729583]


A process that occurs during the first cell cycle in an embryo, in which anterior cortical contractions culminate in a single partial constriction of the embryo called the pseudocleavage furrow. An example of this process is found in nematode worms. [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:7729583]


embryo development ending in seed dormancy

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu]


embryonic anatomical structure morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The embryonic phase begins with zygote formation. The end of the embryonic phase is organism-specific. For example, it would be at birth for mammals, larval hatching for insects and seed dormancy in plants. [GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_sensu]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the analia of the female are generated and organized. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:11494318]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the analia of the male are generated and organized. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:11494318]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the antenna are generated and organized. [GOC:jid]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the ear are generated and organized. The ear is the sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0192801023]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the inner ear are generated and organized. The inner ear is the structure in vertebrates that contains the organs of balance and hearing. It consists of soft hollow sensory structures (the membranous labyrinth) containing fluid (endolymph) surrounded by fluid (perilymph) and encased in a bony cavity (the bony labyrinth). It consists of two chambers, the sacculus and utriculus, from which arise the cochlea and semicircular canals respectively. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0192801023]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the middle ear are generated and organized. The middle ear is the air-filled cavity within the skull of vertebrates that lies between the outer ear and the inner ear. It is linked to the pharynx (and therefore to outside air) via the Eustachian tube and in mammals contains the three ear ossicles, which transmit auditory vibrations from the outer ear (via the tympanum) to the inner ear (via the oval window). [GOC:jl, ISBN:0192801023]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the outer ear are generated and organized. The outer ear is the part of the ear external to the tympanum (eardrum). It consists of a tube (the external auditory meatus) that directs sound waves on to the tympanum, and may also include the external pinna, which extends beyond the skull. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0192801023]


The process in which the anatomical structures of genitalia are generated and organized. The genitalia are the organs of reproduction or generation, external and internal. [GOC:bf]


The process in which the anatomical structures of female genitalia are generated and organized. [GOC:mah]


imaginal disc-derived female genitalia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of female genitalia are generated and organized from the genital disc. [GOC:ai, GOC:sensu]


ectodermal digestive tract morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the ectodermal digestive tract are generated and organized. The ectodermal digestive tract includes those portions of the digestive tract that are derived from ectoderm. [GOC:jid]


anterior midgut (ectodermal) morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior midgut (ectodermal) are generated and organized. [GOC:go_curators]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized. [GOC:jid]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized. [GOC:jid]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the Malpighian tubule are generated and organized. This process takes place entirely during the embryonic phase. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which leads into the posterior part of the gut. [GOC:bf, ISBN:0582227089]


The process in which the anatomical structures of a haltere are generated and organized. [GOC:jid, GOC:rc]


The process in which the anatomical structures derived from an imaginal disc are generated and organized. The imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult appendages (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form. [GOC:jid]


The eversion (turning inside out) of imaginal discs from their peripodial sacs, resulting in movement of the epithelium to the outside of the larval epidermis. [PMID:11494317]


The process following disc eversion whereby imaginal discs fuse with adjacent disc derivatives to form a continuous adult epidermis. [PMID:11494317]


The joining of the parts of the wing imaginal discs, giving rise to the adult thorax. [http://sdb.bio.purdue.edu/fly/gene/fos4.htm]


morphogenesis of larval imaginal disc epithelium

The process in which the anatomical structures of a larval imaginal disc epithelium are generated and organized. [GOC:jl]


establishment or maintenance of polarity of larval imaginal disc epithelium

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a polarized larval imaginal disc epithelium. [GOC:jl, GOC:mah]


maintenance of polarity of larval imaginal disc epithelium

The maintenance of an established polarized larval imaginal disc epithelium. [GOC:jl]


The process in which the anatomical structures of a limb are generated and organized. A limb is a paired appendage of a tetrapod used for locomotion or grasping. [UBERON:0002101]


OBSOLETE. The process in which the anatomical structures of a leg joint are generated and organized. The leg joint is a flexible region that separates the rigid sections of a leg to allow movement in a controlled manner. One example is the knee, which separates the leg tibia and femur. [GOC:bf, ISBN:0582227089, PMID:12051824]


imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of an imaginal disc-derived leg joint are generated and organized. The leg joint is a flexible region that separates the rigid sections of a leg to allow movement in a controlled manner. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0879694238]


The process in which the anatomical structures of a leg derived from an imaginal disc are generated and organized. A leg is a limb on which an animal walks and stands. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0879694238]


The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic epithelia are generated and organized. [GOC:jl]


establishment or maintenance of polarity of embryonic epithelium

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization of epithelial cells in an embryo. [GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mah]


maintenance of polarity of embryonic epithelium

The maintenance of an established polarized embryonic epithelial sheet. [GOC:jl]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the sternite are generated and organized. The sternite is the plate or sclerite on the underside of a body segment. [GOC:jid, http://www.earthlife.net]


male tail tip morphogenesis
male tail morphogenesis


The process in which the anatomical structures of the tergite are generated and organized. The tergite is the primary plate or sclerite forming the dorsal surface of any insect body segment. [GOC:jid, http://www.earthlife.net]


imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the imaginal disc-derived wing are generated and organized. The wing is an appendage modified for flying. [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu]


imaginal disc-derived wing margin morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the imaginal disc-derived wing margin are generated and organized. The wing margin is a strip of cells in the third instar disc at the boundary between the presumptive dorsal and ventral surfaces of the wing blade. [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0879694238]


apposition of dorsal and ventral wing surfaces

apposition of dorsal and ventral imaginal disc-derived wing surfaces

The coming together of the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the imaginal disc-derived wing during the conversion of a folded single layered wing disc to a flat bilayered wing. [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu]


imaginal disc-derived wing vein morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures of the veins on an imaginal disc-derived wing are generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_sensu]


imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification

The regionalization process in which the area of a imaginal disc-derived wing that will form a wing vein is specified. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mtg_sensu]


The process that results in the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in an embryo. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0521436125]


The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a pattern along a line or a point in an embryo. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:sdb_2009, GOC:tb]


anterior/posterior axis determination, embryo


maternal determination of anterior/posterior axis, embryo

The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by gradients of maternally-transcribed gene products; exemplified in insects by the morphogens, bicoid and nanos. [http://fly.ebi.ac.uk/allied-data/lk/interactive-fly/aimain/1aahome.htm, ISBN:0879694238]


zygotic determination of anterior/posterior axis, embryo

The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by products of genes expressed in the zygote; exemplified in insects by the gap genes, pair rule genes and segment polarity gene cascade. [http://fly.ebi.ac.uk/allied-data/lk/interactive-fly/aimain/1aahome.htm, ISBN:0879694238]


Specification of the anterior (head and thoracic segments) of the embryo by the gap genes; exemplified in insects by the actions of hunchback gene product. [http://fly.ebi.ac.uk/allied-data/lk/interactive-fly/aimain/1aahome.htm, ISBN:0879694238]


The regionalization process in which the posterior (abdominal) regions of the embryo are specified by the gap genes. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, http://fly.ebi.ac.uk/allied-data/lk/interactive-fly/aimain/1aahome.htm, ISBN:0879694238]


Specification of the terminal regions (the two non-segmented ends) of the embryo by the gap genes; exemplified in insects by the actions of huckebein and tailless gene products. [http://fly.ebi.ac.uk/allied-data/lk/interactive-fly/aimain/1aahome.htm, ISBN:0879694238]


thorax and anterior abdomen determination

Specification of the central (trunk) regions of the embryo by the gap genes; exemplified in insects by the actions of the Kruppel gene product. [http://fly.ebi.ac.uk/allied-data/lk/interactive-fly/aimain/1aahome.htm, ISBN:0879694238]


zygotic determination of dorsal-ventral axis

zygotic determination of dorsoventral axis

zygotic determination of dorsal/ventral axis


branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis

The process of coordinated growth and sprouting of blood vessels giving rise to the organized vascular system. [GOC:dph]


The process in which segments assume individual identities; exemplified in insects by the actions of the products of the homeotic genes. [http://fly.ebi.ac.uk/allied-data/lk/interactive-fly/aimain/1aahome.htm, ISBN:0879694238]


The hierarchical steps resulting in the progressive subdivision of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo. [http://fly.ebi.ac.uk/allied-data/lk/interactive-fly/aimain/1aahome.htm, ISBN:0879694238]


The regionalization process that divides the spatial regions of an embryo into serially repeated regions. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:ma]


Allocation of cells to parasegments in the embryo, through the action of overlapping series of pair rule gene activities. [http://fly.ebi.ac.uk/allied-data/lk/interactive-fly/aimain/1aahome.htm, ISBN:0632030488, ISBN:0879694238]


Division of the 14 parasegments of the embryo into anterior and posterior compartments; exemplified by the actions of the segment polarity gene products. [http://fly.ebi.ac.uk/allied-data/lk/interactive-fly/aimain/1aahome.htm, ISBN:0632030488, ISBN:0879694238]


OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete). [GOC:ai]


specification of segmental identity, abdomen

The specification of the characteristic structures of the abdominal segments following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized. [ISBN:0878932437]


specification of segmental identity, antennal segment

The specification of the characteristic structures of the antennal segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized. [ISBN:0878932437]


specification of segmental identity, head

The specification of the characteristic structures of the head segments following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized. [ISBN:0878932437]


specification of segmental identity, labial segment

The specification of the characteristic structures of the labial segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized. [ISBN:0878932437]


specification of segmental identity, mandibular segment

The specification of the characteristic structures of the mandibular segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized. [ISBN:0878932437]


specification of segmental identity, maxillary segment

The specification of the characteristic structures of the maxillary segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized. [ISBN:0878932437]


specification of segmental identity, thorax

The specification of the characteristic structures of the thoracic segments following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized. [ISBN:0878932437]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. [GOC:go_curators]


down-regulation of embryonic development

down regulation of embryonic development

negative regulation of embryonic development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. [GOC:go_curators]


up-regulation of embryonic development
up regulation of embryonic development
upregulation of embryonic development

positive regulation of embryonic development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. [GOC:go_curators]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of flower development. [GOC:go_curators]


downregulation of flower development
down regulation of flower development
down-regulation of flower development

negative regulation of flower development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of flower development. [GOC:go_curators]


up-regulation of flower development
upregulation of flower development
up regulation of flower development

positive regulation of flower development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flower development. [GOC:go_curators]


fruiting body formation
fruiting body development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a reproductive fruiting body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A reproductive fruiting body is a multicellular reproductive structure that contains spores. [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sporocarp over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sporocarp is a spore bearing fruiting body organ. An example of this process is found in the Fungal species Coprinopsis cinerea. [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu]


The direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material (DNA or RNA) into a cell from its surroundings through the cell envelope. [PMID:12706993, PMID:24509783, PMID:27826682]


establishment of competence for transformation

The process in which a naturally transformable bacterium acquires the ability to take up exogenous DNA. This term should be applied only to naturally transformable bacteria, and should not be used in the context of artificially induced bacterial transformation. [GOC:mah, ISBN:1555811027]


regulation of establishment of competence for transformation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a cell becomes able to take up and incorporate extracellular DNA into its genome. [GOC:mlg]


down regulation of establishment of competence for transformation

downregulation of establishment of competence for transformation

down-regulation of establishment of competence for transformation

negative regulation of establishment of competence for transformation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of competence for transformation. [GOC:go_curators]


up-regulation of establishment of competence for transformation

up regulation of establishment of competence for transformation

upregulation of establishment of competence for transformation

positive regulation of establishment of competence for transformation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of competence for transformation. [GOC:go_curators]


A type of horizontal gene transfer in which genetic material is introduced into a cell mediated by a virus. [PMID:18265289, PMID:33597173]


The process of unidirectional (polarized) transfer of genetic information involving direct cellular contact between a donor and recipient cell; the contact is followed by the formation of a cellular bridge that physically connects the cells. Some or all of the chromosome(s) of the donor cell is transferred into the recipient cell. [Wikipedia:Bacterial_conjugation]


Unidirectional transfer of genetic information triggered by to a pheromone signal. [GOC:elh, PMID:17360276, PMID:27021562, PMID:31191478]


The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a heterosporous plant pollen grain, beginning with hydration and terminating with the emergence of the pollen tube through the aperture. [GOC:lr, http://www.bio.uu.nl, ISBN:0943088399]


The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a seed commencing with water uptake (imbibition) and terminating with the elongation of the embryonic axis. [PMID:8281041]


The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a spore following release from dormancy up to the earliest signs of growth (e.g. emergence from a spore wall). [GOC:lr]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of all or part of an organism so that it occurs at its proper speed, either globally or in a specific part of the organism's development. [GOC:ems, GOC:mah]


down regulation of growth
down-regulation of growth
downregulation of growth

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism. [GOC:go_curators]


negative regulation of body growth
negative regulation of body size

negative regulation of multicellular organism growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size. [GOC:dph, GOC:ems, GOC:tb]


down-regulation of development, heterochronic

downregulation of development, heterochronic

down regulation of development, heterochronic

negative regulation of development, heterochronic

Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which an integrated living unit or organism progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and decreases the rate at which this time point is reached. [GOC:go_curators]


Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism. [GOC:bf, GOC:tb]


up regulation of growth
up-regulation of growth
upregulation of growth

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism. [GOC:go_curators]


positive regulation of body size
positive regulation of body growth

positive regulation of multicellular organism growth

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]


up-regulation of development, heterochronic

up regulation of development, heterochronic

upregulation of development, heterochronic

positive regulation of development, heterochronic

Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which an integrated living unit or organism progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and increases the rate at which this time point is reached. [GOC:go_curators]


Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism. [GOC:bf, GOC:tb]


heterochronic regulation of development
temporal regulation of development

regulation of development, heterochronic

Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which an integrated living unit or organism progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and the rate at which this time point is reached. [PMID:9442909]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism. [GOC:bf, GOC:tb]


Any process that contributes to the success of sperm fertilization in multiply-mated females. [PMID:10885514]


The physical displacement of sperm stored from previous mating encounters. [PMID:10440373]


The process in which the use of stored sperm from the first-mating male is inhibited by the seminal fluid of subsequently mating males. [PMID:10440373]


sperm retention
sperm sequestration
sequestration of sperm
sperm sequestering
sperm storage
storage of sperm
retention of sperm

The retention of sperm by a female following mating. [PMID:10885514]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larva is the early, immature form of an that at birth or hatching is fundamentally unlike its parent and must metamorphose before assuming the adult characters. [GOC:jid, ISBN:0877795088]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the amphibian larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Amphibian larvae, sometimes called pollywogs or tadpoles, hatch from eggs and begin to grow limbs and other adult physical features at various times, depending on the species, before they metamorphose into the adult form. [GOC:bf, PMID:27143402]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew. [GOC:ems, GOC:kmv]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult. [GOC:ems, GOC:kmv, ISBN:087969307X]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult. [GOC:kmv, GOC:ma]


down-regulation of vulval development
down regulation of vulval development
downregulation of vulval development

negative regulation of vulval development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult. [GOC:ems, GOC:kmv]


positive regulation of vulval development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult. [GOC:ems, GOC:kmv]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In Drosophila the larval heart (dorsal vessel) is a continuous tube of mesodormal cells that runs beneath the dorsal midline of the epidermis, divided into an anterior aorta and a posterior heart proper. [GOC:bf, ISBN:0879694238]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval somatic muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:jid]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval visceral muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:jid]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the instar larva or pupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_sensu]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This begins with the newly hatched first-instar larva, through its maturation to the end of the last larval stage. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval fat body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larval fat body consists of a bilaterally symmetrical monolayer of cells lying between the gut and the muscles of the body wall. As in other tissues of the larva, the cells of the fat body complete their divisions in the embryo and increase in size and ploidy during larval life. [GOC:bf, ISBN:0879694238]


regulation of larval salivary gland determination

regulation of larval salivary gland boundary specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]


down-regulation of larval salivary gland determination

downregulation of larval salivary gland determination

negative regulation of larval salivary gland determination

down regulation of larval salivary gland determination

negative regulation of larval salivary gland boundary specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]


up regulation of larval salivary gland determination

up-regulation of larval salivary gland determination

positive regulation of larval salivary gland determination

upregulation of larval salivary gland determination

positive regulation of larval salivary gland boundary specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]


The process, occurring in the larva, by which the anatomical structures of the salivary gland are generated and organized. [GOC:jid]


The emergence of an adult insect from a pupa case. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dos, GOC:mah, ISBN:0198600461]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the emergence of an insect from a pupa-case or of a larva from an egg. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198600461]


down regulation of eclosion
downregulation of eclosion
down-regulation of eclosion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eclosion. [GOC:go_curators]


up-regulation of eclosion
up regulation of eclosion
upregulation of eclosion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eclosion. [GOC:go_curators]


meristem organization
meristem organisation

Organization of a region of tissue in a plant that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation, thereby effecting growth and development of a plant by giving rise to more meristem or specialized tissue. [GOC:sm, ISBN:0198547684]


regulation of meristem organisation
regulation of meristem organization

regulation of meristem structural organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meristem organization. [GOC:jid]


The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:tb, ISBN:0198506732]


The process in which the anatomical structures of an epithelial sheet are generated and organized. An epithelial sheet is a flat surface consisting of closely packed epithelial cells. [GOC:jl]


The process in which the anatomical structures of a follicular epithelium are generated and organized. [GOC:jl]


establishment or maintenance of polarity of follicular epithelium

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a polarized follicular epithelial sheet. [GOC:bf, GOC:mah]


maintenance of polarity of follicular epithelium

The maintenance of an established polarized follicular epithelial sheet. [GOC:bf]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adrenal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This gland can either be a discrete structure located bilaterally above each kidney, or a cluster of cells in the head kidney that perform the functions of the adrenal gland. In either case, this organ consists of two cells types, aminergic chromaffin cells and steroidogenic cortical cells. [GOC:dgh]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. [GOC:hjd, UBERON:0001981]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis. [GOC:go_curators]


up regulation of angiogenesis
up-regulation of angiogenesis
upregulation of angiogenesis

Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis. [GOC:go_curators]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. [GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_sensu]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fat body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A fat body is an insect gland dorsal to the insect gut, with a function analogous to that of the vertebrate liver. It is a storage organ for fats, glycogen and protein and is a major site of intermediary metabolism. [ISBN:0582227089]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult fat body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Larval fat body cells that remain at eclosion degenerate in the first 2 to 4 days of adult life, leaving behind the smaller cells of the adult fat body. [GOC:bf, ISBN:0879694238]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonad is an animal organ that produces gametes; in some species it also produces hormones. [GOC:ems, ISBN:0198506732]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:tb]


A periodic process in which immature ovarian follicles degenerate and are subsequently re-absorbed. [GOC:mtg_apoptosis, PMID:18638134]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovarian follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279054/]


Association of oocytes with supporting epithelial granulosa cells to form primordial follicles. [PMID:30010832]


Disruption of theca cell layer releasing follicular fluid and/or the oocyte. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279054/]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonadal mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonadal mesoderm is the middle layer of the three primary germ layers of the embryo which will go on to form the gonads of the organism. [GOC:ai]


testis development
testicular development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:jid]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:bf]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, the ectoderm is the outer germ layer of the embryo, formed during gastrulation. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


A cell-cell signaling process occurring between the two gastrulation-generated layers of the ectoderm and the mesoderm. [GOC:isa_complete]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract mesoderm is portion of the middle layer of the three primary germ layers of the embryo which will go on to form part of the digestive tract of the organism. [GOC:ai]


The precipitation of specific crystal forms of calcium carbonate with extracellular matrix proteins in the otolith organs of the vertebrate inner ear. [GOC:dsf, PMID:15581873]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the imaginal disc over time, from its formation to the metamorphosis to form adult structures. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult structures (legs, antennae, wings, etc.). [GOC:bf, ISBN:0879694238]


determination of imaginal disc primordium

Allocation of embryonic cells to the imaginal disc founder populations, groups of cells that are committed to contribute to the formation of an imaginal disc compartment. [ISBN:0879694238]


The increase in mass of imaginal discs by cell proliferation prior to metamorphosis. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult structures (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form. [GOC:bf, GOC:jid, PMID:10679387]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of the imaginal disc. [GOC:go_curators]


downregulation of imaginal disc growth
down-regulation of imaginal disc growth
down regulation of imaginal disc growth

negative regulation of imaginal disc growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc growth. [GOC:go_curators]


upregulation of imaginal disc growth
up-regulation of imaginal disc growth
up regulation of imaginal disc growth

positive regulation of imaginal disc growth

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc growth. [GOC:go_curators]


morphogenesis of structures derived from the clypeo-labral disc

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the clypeo-labral disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a clypeo-labal imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the labrum, anterior and posterior cibarial plates, fish trap bristles, epistomal sclerite and clypeus. [GOC:bf, ISBN:0879694238]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the proboscis are generated and organized. The proboscis is the trunk-like extension of the mouthparts on the adult head. [GOC:jid, GOC:rc]