down regulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity

downregulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity

down-regulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity

negative regulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase. [GOC:jl]


up-regulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity

up regulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity

upregulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity

positive regulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase. [GOC:jl]


Any process involved in the maintenance of a steady-state level of the surface-active lipoprotein mixture which coats the alveoli. [PMID:9751757]


Binding to ubiquitin, a protein that when covalently bound to other cellular proteins marks them for proteolytic degradation. [GOC:ecd]


reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide transport

oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide transport

The directed movement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore; transport may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH. [GOC:jl]


A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the hindgut. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The hindgut is the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_muscle, UBERON:0001046]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine. [GOC:jl, UBERON:0001046]


5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate pyrophosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + H2O = ribose 1,5 bisphosphate + phosphate + H+. [MetaCyc:RXN-10969, PMID:12370170]


Removal of the Okazaki RNA primer from the lagging strand of replicating DNA, by a combination of the actions of DNA polymerase, DNA helicase and an endonuclease. [GOC:jl, PMID:12424238]


ATP-dependent 3' to 5' DNA helicase activity

ATP-dependent 3'-5' DNA helicase activity

Unwinding a DNA helix in the direction 5' to 3', driven by ATP hydrolysis. [GOC:jl]


ATP-dependent 5'-3' DNA helicase activity

ATP-dependent 5' to 3' DNA helicase activity

Unwinding a DNA helix in the 5' to 3' direction, driven by ATP hydrolysis. [GOC:jl]


establishment and maintenance of translational protein localization

regulation of translation by machinery localisation

establishment and maintenance of translational machinery localization

regulation of translation by machinery localization

Any process in which proteins and protein complexes involved in translation are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. [GOC:jl]


Any process involved in the conversion of a primary snoRNA family RNA transcript into a mature snoRNA (eukaryota) or sRNA (archaea). [GOC:go_curators, GOC:krc, PMID:12773397]


stress fibre biosynthesis
stress fibre formation

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a stress fiber. A stress fiber is a contractile actin filament bundle that consists of short actin filaments with alternating polarity. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mah, PMID:16651381]


DNA synthesis during double-strand break repair via homologous recombination


DNA synthesis during double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing


Any process in which infecting bacteria are clumped together by a host organism. [GOC:jl]


entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod

The synchronization of a circadian rhythm to photoperiod, the intermittent cycle of light (day) and dark (night). [GOC:jl]


down regulation of photosynthesis, light reaction

downregulation of photosynthesis, light reaction

down-regulation of photosynthesis, light reaction

negative regulation of photosynthesis, light reaction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis. [GOC:jl]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cation stress, an increase or decrease in the concentration of positively charged ions in the environment. [GOC:jl, PMID:14762213]


heterocyst biosynthesis
heterocyst formation
heterocyst cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a heterocyst, a differentiated cell in certain cyanobacteria whose purpose is to fix nitrogen. [GOC:jl]


A structural framework, or 'dense core' at the interior of an acrosome. May regulate the distribution of hydrolases within the acrosome and their release during the acrosome reaction. [GOC:jl, PMID:8949900, PMID:9139729]


The volume enclosed within the acrosome membrane. [GOC:go_curators]


proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown

proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism

proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation

proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome. [GOC:go_curators]


ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism via the MVB pathway

ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown via the multivesicular body pathway

ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation via the multivesicular body pathway

ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the MVB pathway

ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway; ubiquitin-tagged proteins are sorted into MVBs, and delivered to a lysosome/vacuole for degradation. [GOC:jl, PMID:11511343]


cell envelope organization and biogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell envelope, everything external to, but not including, the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria, encompassing the periplasmic space, cell wall, and outer membrane if present. [GOC:jl]


1-2nm peptidoglycan-based cell wall biogenesis

Gram-negative-bacterium-type cell wall biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cell wall of the type found in Gram-negative bacteria. The cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0815108893]


H4/H2 histone acetyltransferase activity


Binding to an anion, a charged atom or group of atoms with a net negative charge. [GOC:jl]


Binding to a cation, a charged atom or group of atoms with a net positive charge. [GOC:jl]


macromolecule metabolism
biopolymer metabolic process
organismal macromolecule metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. [GOC:mah]


peptide degradation
peptide catabolism
peptide breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. [GOC:jl]


Any process which produces a nucleotide, a compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis. [GOC:jl]


Any process which produces a nucleotide, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose (a deoxyribonucleotide), from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis. [GOC:jl]


Binding to an RNA polymerase core enzyme, containing a specific subunit composition defined as the core enzyme. [GOC:jl, GOC:txnOH]


Binding to an amine, a weakly basic organic compound that contains an amino or a substituted amino group. [GOC:jl]


Binding to an organic acid, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


Binding to an alcohol, any of a class of alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous excitatory synaptic inputs in a neural circuit. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0195088433]


Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous inhibitory synaptic inputs in a neural circuit. [GOC:go_curators]


sequestering in vacuole
sequestration in vacuole
vacuolar retention
vacuolar sequestration
retention in vacuole
vacuolar storage
storage in vacuole

The process of transporting a substance into, and confining within, a vacuole. [GOC:jl]


sequestering of sodium ion (Na+) in vacuole

vacuolar sequestering of sodium ion (Na+)

vacuolar sequestration of sodium ion (Na+)

sequestration of sodium ion (Na+) in vacuole

The process of transporting sodium ions into, and confining within, a vacuole. [GOC:jl]


VEGFR 1 binding
VEGF receptor 1 binding
Flt-1 binding

vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 binding

Binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1. [GOC:st]


VEGF receptor 2 binding
VEGFR 2 binding
kinase domain region binding
Flk-1 binding

vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding

Binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. [GOC:st]


fms-like-tyrosine kinase (Flt)-4 binding

vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 binding

Binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3. [GOC:st]


A small cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregate in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes. [GOC:dph, GOC:kmv, PMID:11262230]


The cell wall material that surrounds the septum in fungal cells. [GOC:vw]


H4/H2A histone acetyltransferase complex location

A multisubunit complex that catalyzes the acetylation of histones H4 and H2A. [GOC:mah, GOC:rb]


ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex location

A complex for the transport of metabolites into and out of the cell, typically comprised of four domains; two membrane-associated domains and two ATP-binding domains at the intracellular face of the membrane, that form a central pore through the plasma membrane. Each of the four core domains may be encoded as a separate polypeptide or the domains can be fused in any one of a number of ways into multidomain polypeptides. In Bacteria and Archaebacteria, ABC transporters also include substrate binding proteins to bind substrate external to the cytoplasm and deliver it to the transporter. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:11421269, PMID:15111107]


Cylindric portion of the dendrite, directly stemming from the perikaryon, and carrying the dendritic spines. [GOC:nln]


Binding to sulfate, SO4(2-), a negatively charged small molecule. [GOC:mlg]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amino acid stimulus. An amino acid is a carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups. [GOC:ef, GOC:mlg]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leucine stimulus. [GOC:mlg]


The volume enclosed within the lysosomal membrane. [GOC:jl, PMID:15213228]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external biotic stimulus, an external stimulus caused by, or produced by living things. [GOC:go_curators]


Binding to glycosphingolipid, a compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide. [GOC:jl]


Binding to alkanesulfonates, the anion of alkanesulfonic acids, sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon group. [GOC:mlg]


ATP-dependent carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activity

ATPase-coupled carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activity

ABC-type carbohydrate transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of carbohydrates across a membrane. [GOC:mlg]


The directed movement of a bacteriocin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Bacteriocins are a group of antibiotics produced by bacteria and are encoded by a group of naturally occurring plasmids, e.g. Col E1. Bacteriocins are toxic to bacteria closely related to the bacteriocin producing strain. [GOC:mlg]


ATPase-coupled bacteriocin transmembrane transporter activity


The directed movement of daunorubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic produced by Streptomyces coeruleorubidus or S. peucetius and used as an antineoplastic into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl, GOC:mlg]


The process of preserving the structure and function of mature myelin. This includes maintaining the compact structure of myelin necessary for its electrical insulating characteristics as well as the structure of non-compact regions such as Schmidt-Lantermann clefts and paranodal loops. This does not include processes responsible for maintaining the nodes of Ranvier, which are not part of the myelin sheath. [GOC:dgh]


The portion of the myelin sheath in which layers of cell membrane are tightly juxtaposed, completely excluding cytoplasm. The juxtaposed cytoplasmic surfaces form the major dense line, while the juxtaposed extracellular surfaces form the interperiod line visible in electron micrographs. [GOC:dgh, NIF_Subcellular:sao1123256993]


Non-compact myelin located adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier in a myelin segment. These non-compact regions include cytoplasm from the cell responsible for synthesizing the myelin. Lateral loops are found in the paranodal region adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier, while Schmidt-Lantermann clefts are analogous structures found within the compact myelin internode. [GOC:dgh]


cytoplasmic Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein complex location

cytoplasmic SCF ubiquitin ligase complex location

A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the cytoplasm, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1). [PMID:15571813, PMID:15688063]


nuclear SCF ubiquitin ligase complex location

nuclear Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein complex location

A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the nucleus, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1). [PMID:15571813, PMID:15688063]


ATP-dependent anion transmembrane transporter activity

ATPase-coupled anion transmembrane transporter activity

anion transmembrane-transporting ATPase activity

ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + inorganic anion(out) = ADP + phosphate + inorganic anion(in). [GOC:mlg]


Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. [GOC:go_curators]


Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. [GOC:go_curators]


Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. [GOC:go_curators]


Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring outside the cell. Includes, for example, extracellular membrane vesicles (EMVs) and the cellulosomes of anaerobic bacteria and fungi. [GOC:jl, PMID:9914479]


Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. [GOC:go_curators]


Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. [GOC:go_curators]


The internal volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle; includes the volume enclosed by a single organelle membrane, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the volume enclosed by the innermost of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope, e.g. nuclear lumen. [GOC:jl, GOC:mah]


Any protein complex that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. [GOC:go_curators]


Binding to a laminin, a major glycoprotein constituent of the basement membrane of cells. [GOC:ecd]


Binding to laminin-1, a glycoprotein trimer with the subunit composition alpha1, beta1, gamma1. [GOC:go_curators]


Fanconi anaemia nuclear complex location

A protein complex composed of the Fanconi anaemia (FA) proteins including A, C, E, G and F (FANCA-F). Functions in the activation of the downstream protein FANCD2 by monoubiquitylation, and is essential for protection against chromosome breakage. [GOC:jl, PMID:12093742]


The disaggregation of a protein-containing macromolecular complex into its constituent components. [GOC:mah]


downregulation of protein complex disassembly

down-regulation of protein complex disassembly

negative regulation of protein complex disassembly

down regulation of protein complex disassembly

negative regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components. [GOC:jl]


up-regulation of protein complex disassembly

up regulation of protein complex disassembly

upregulation of protein complex disassembly

positive regulation of protein complex disassembly

positive regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components. [GOC:jl]


regulation of protein complex disassembly


The environmental space outside of an organism; this may be a host organism in the case of parasitic and symbiotic organisms. [GOC:jl]


Large, cysteine proteinase rich lysosomes, often found in the amastigote (an intracytoplasmic, nonflagellated form of the parasite) stage of Leishmania species belonging to the mexicana complex. [PMID:11206117, PMID:1999020]


DNA damage response, telomere maintenance

telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage

Any process that occur in response to the presence of critically short or damaged telomeres. [GOC:BHF, GOC:BHF_telomere, GOC:jbu, PMID:15279784]


proteasome maturation
proteasome complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active proteasome complex. [GOC:go_curators, PMID:10872471]


red blood cell maturation
RBC maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. [GOC:devbiol, GOC:jl]


sodium-dependent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other, in a sodium dependent manner. [GOC:go_curators]


sodium-dependent organic anion transport

The directed, sodium-dependent, movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:go_curators]


sodium-independent organic anion transport

The directed, sodium-independent, movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:go_curators]


A ribosome contained within a chloroplast. [GOC:ecd]


regulation of carbohydrate synthesis
regulation of carbohydrate biosynthesis
regulation of carbohydrate anabolism
regulation of carbohydrate formation

regulation of carbohydrate biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates. [GOC:jl]


A large, extracellular glycoprotein complex composed of three different polypeptide chains, alpha, beta and gamma. Provides an integral part of the structural scaffolding of basement membranes. [GOC:jl, http://www.sdbonline.org/fly/newgene/laminna1.htm, PMID:10842354]


ATP diphosphohydrolase activity
ATP-diphosphatase activity
adenosine diphosphatase activity
adenosine-diphosphatase activity
ADPase

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + H2O = AMP + phosphate. [EC:3.6.1.5, PMID:1470606]


Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring outside the cell. [GOC:jl]


regulation of potassium ion transport
regulation of K+ transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl]


downregulation of potassium ion transport

down regulation of potassium ion transport

negative regulation of potassium ion transport

down-regulation of potassium ion transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl]

negative regulation of potassium transport


up-regulation of potassium ion transport

positive regulation of potassium transport

up regulation of potassium ion transport

positive regulation of potassium ion transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl]


up-regulation of ion transport
upregulation of ion transport
up regulation of ion transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl]


down-regulation of ion transport
downregulation of ion transport
down regulation of ion transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl]


ethylene synthesis during jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance

ethylene formation during jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance

ethylene biosynthetic process during jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance

ethylene anabolism during jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance


Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + H2O = CDP + phosphate. May or may not be coupled to another reaction. [GOC:go_curators]


programmed cell clearance
efferocytosis
apoptotic cell removal

The recognition and removal of an apoptotic cell by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte. [GOC:rk, PMID:14685684]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a morphine stimulus. Morphine is an opioid alkaloid, isolated from opium, with a complex ring structure. [GOC:ef, GOC:jl]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkaloid stimulus. Alkaloids are a large group of nitrogenous substances found in naturally in plants, many of which have extracts that are pharmacologically active. [GOC:jl]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pharyngeal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pharyngeal muscle is any muscle that forms part of the pharynx. [GOC:go_curators]


regulation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthesis

regulation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) synthesis

regulation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) anabolism

regulation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) formation

regulation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), polyesters of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria. [GOC:jl]


Binding to a poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate), a polyester of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria. [GOC:jl]


apo carotenoid metabolic process
apocarotenoid metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving apocarotenoids, a class of compounds derived from the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, many of which are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid. [GOC:jl]


apocarotenoid synthesis
apocarotenoid anabolism
apocarotenoid biosynthesis
apocarotenoid formation
apo carotenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of apocarotenoids by the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids. Many apocarotenoids are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid. [GOC:jl, PMID:27485225]


apocarotenoid degradation
apo carotenoid catabolic process
apocarotenoid breakdown
apocarotenoid catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of apocarotenoids, a class of compounds derived from the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, many of which are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid. [GOC:jl, http://www.msu.edu/~schwart1/apocarotenoids.htm]


A multisubunit complex that in Saccharomyces is composed of three subunits, Rav1p, Rav2p and Skp1p. Acts transiently to catalyze assembly of cytoplasmic V1, with membrane embedded V0 to form the V-ATPase holoenzyme. [PMID:11283612, PMID:11844802]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. [GOC:go_curators, http://www.metacyc.org]


The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested lipids into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. [GOC:go_curators]


cellular lipid breakdown
cellular lipid degradation
cellular lipid catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, as carried out by individual cells. [GOC:jl]


The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested polysaccharides into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. [GOC:go_curators]


cellular polysaccharide breakdown
cellular polysaccharide catabolism
cellular polysaccharide degradation

cellular polysaccharide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides, polymers of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically, as carried out by individual cells. [GOC:jl]


cellular catabolism
cellular degradation
cellular breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. [GOC:jl]


cellular synthesis
cellular anabolism
cellular formation
cellular biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. [GOC:jl]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, as carried out by individual cells. [GOC:jl]


The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested proteins into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. [GOC:go_curators]


intestinal lipid breakdown
intestinal lipid catabolism
intestinal lipid degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown into fatty acids and monoglycerides of lipids in the small intestine. Lipids are broken down by lipases released by the pancreas. [GOC:jl, http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/]


cellular macromolecule metabolism
cellular biopolymer metabolic process

cellular macromolecule metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, as carried out by individual cells. [GOC:mah]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells. [GOC:jl]


cellular glycan metabolism
cellular polysaccharide metabolism
cellular glycan metabolic process

cellular polysaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides, polymers of more than 10 monosaccharide residues joined by glycosidic linkages, as carried out by individual cells. [GOC:jl]


cellular macromolecule degradation
cellular macromolecule catabolism
cellular biopolymer catabolic process
cellular macromolecule breakdown

cellular macromolecule catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any large molecule including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, as carried out by individual cells. [GOC:jl]


glycerol ether degradation
glycerol ether breakdown
glycerol ether catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol ethers, any anhydride formed between two organic hydroxy compounds, one of which is glycerol. [GOC:jl]


cellular nitrogen compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


sulfur compound anabolism
sulfur compound synthesis
sulfur compound formation
sulfur compound biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione. [GOC:jl]


sulfur compound catabolism
sulfur compound degradation
sulfur compound breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione. [GOC:jl]


cellular carbohydrate catabolism
cellular carbohydrate degradation
cellular carbohydrate breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells. [GOC:jl]


protein-endoplasmic reticulum insertion by N-terminal cleaved signal sequence

protein insertion into ER membrane, N-terminal cleaved signal sequence mediated

protein insertion into endoplasmic reticulum membrane by N-terminal cleaved signal sequence

protein-ER insertion by N-terminal cleaved signal sequence

N-terminal cleaved signal sequence mediated protein insertion into ER membrane

protein insertion into ER membrane by N-terminal cleaved signal sequence

A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which N-terminal cleaved signal sequences direct polypeptides to the ER. [ISBN:0716731363]


stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequence mediated protein insertion into ER membrane

protein-endoplasmic reticulum insertion by stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequence

protein insertion into ER membrane, stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequence mediated

protein insertion into endoplasmic reticulum membrane by stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequence

protein-ER insertion by stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequence

protein insertion into ER membrane by stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequence

A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequences become an ER membrane spanning helix. [ISBN:0716731363]


protein insertion into endoplasmic reticulum membrane by internal uncleaved signal-anchor sequence

internal uncleaved signal-anchor sequence mediated protein insertion into ER membrane

protein-ER insertion by internal uncleaved signal-anchor sequence

protein insertion into ER membrane, internal uncleaved signal-anchor sequence mediated

protein-endoplasmic reticulum insertion by internal uncleaved signal-anchor sequence

protein insertion into ER membrane by internal uncleaved signal-anchor sequence

A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which signal anchor sequences function as both ER signal sequences and membrane anchor sequences. [ISBN:0716731363]


protein-ER insertion by GPI attachment sequence

GPI attachment sequence mediated protein insertion into ER membrane

protein-endoplasmic reticulum insertion by GPI attachment sequence

protein insertion into endoplasmic reticulum membrane by GPI attachment sequence

protein insertion into ER membrane, GPI attachment sequence mediated

protein insertion into ER membrane by GPI attachment sequence

A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which proteins become anchored to the phospholipid bilayer by a covalently attached glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) molecule. [ISBN:0716731363]


regulation of compound eye photoreceptor development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development. [GOC:bf]


positive regulation of compound eye photoreceptor development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development. [GOC:bf]


negative regulation of compound eye photoreceptor development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development. [GOC:bf]


The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. [GOC:go_curators]


Cell Migration Inhibition involves interference with, or restraint of, active directed translocation of a whole cell, or cell body, from one site to another in response to a gradient. (NCI)


septation initiation signaling cascade
septation initiation network
SIN
septation initiation signaling

The series of molecular signals, mediated by the small GTPase Ras, that results in the initiation of contraction of the contractile ring, at the beginning of cytokinesis and cell division by septum formation. The pathway coordinates chromosome segregation with mitotic exit and cytokinesis. [GOC:mah, GOC:vw, PMID:16775007]


The regionalization process that divides an organism or part of an organism into a series of semi-repetitive parts, or segments, often arranged along a longitudinal axis. [PMID:10611687, PMID:9706689]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The root is the water- and mineral-absorbing part of a plant which is usually underground, does not bear leaves, tends to grow downwards and is typically derived from the radicle of the embryo. [GOC:jid, PO:0009005]


The series of events in which a stimulus from a yeast is received and converted into a molecular signal. [PMID:14707091]


exon junction complex location
exon-exon junction complex
exon-exon junction complex location
EJC

A multi-subunit complex deposited by the spliceosome upstream of messenger RNA exon-exon junctions. The exon-exon junction complex provides a binding platform for factors involved in mRNA export and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. [PMID:11532962, PMID:11743026]


The process in which nucleated precursor cells lose their nucleus. [GOC:tb]


regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity

Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of substances into, out of, or within the nucleus. [GOC:ai]


Non-terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. [GOC:nln]


down regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity

negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity

downregulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase. [GOC:ai]

down-regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity


The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size in two or three [spatial] dimensions or along two or three axes. [ISBN:0943088399]


Binding to nitric-oxide synthase. [GOC:ai]


A complex of protein and RNA which facilitates translocation of proteins across membranes. [GOC:mlg]


A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XVII) chains; type XVII collagen triple helices span the plasma membrane and associate with hemidesmosomes and the basal lamina where they bind laminin. [ISBN:0721639976, PMID:19693541, PMID:21421911]


A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XVIII) chains. [ISBN:0721639976, PMID:21421911]


The emergence of a tooth from within its follicle in the ALVEOLAR PROCESS of the MAXILLA or MANDIBLE into the ORAL CAVITY. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)


OBSOLETE. Any transcription regulator activity required for initiation or upregulation of transcription. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0124325653]


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: neurotransmitter(out) + Na+(out) = neurotransmitter(in) + Na+(in). [TC:2.A.22.-.-]


calcium activated cation channel activity

Enables the calcium concentration-regulatable energy-independent passage of cations across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_transport]


The rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm. [UniProtKB-KW:KW-0204]


lipogenesis
lipid formation
lipid biosynthesis
lipid biosynthetic process
lipid synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. [GOC:go_curators]


Binding to tetrahydrodictyopterin, the pterin 2-amino-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one. [GOC:mah, GOC:vw]


The adhesion of one erythrocyte to one or more other erythrocytes via adhesion molecules. [GOC:add, PMID:14631543]


Binding to a DNA sequence encoding a ribosomal RNA. [GOC:mah]


spliceosomal commitment complex formation


adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate receptor activity

Combining with cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. [GOC:pg]


class E G protein coupled receptor
class E G-protein coupled receptor


up regulation of endothelial cell proliferation

up-regulation of endothelial cell proliferation

upregulation of endothelial cell proliferation

positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation. [GOC:add]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The vasculature is an interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism. [GOC:dph, UBERON:0002409]


down regulation of endothelial cell proliferation

down-regulation of endothelial cell proliferation

downregulation of endothelial cell proliferation

negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation. [GOC:add]


A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a blood vessel to attain its fully functional state. [GOC:dph]


Binding to a fibronectin, a group of related adhesive glycoproteins of high molecular weight found on the surface of animal cells, connective tissue matrices, and in extracellular fluids. [GOC:hjd]


regulation of membrane attack complex assembly

regulation of membrane attack complex formation

regulation of activation of membrane attack complex

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade. [GOC:hjd]


upregulation of cell-matrix adhesion
up-regulation of cell-matrix adhesion
up regulation of cell-matrix adhesion

positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to an extracellular matrix. [GOC:hjd]


The process in which the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidneys receive information about the amount of blood flowing through the arterioles and converts the information to a molecular signal. [ISBN:0721643949]


secretion of vasopressin during fast regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

secretion of vasopressin during fast control of blood pressure


negative control of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure

downregulation of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure

down regulation of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure

negative regulation of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure

down-regulation of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure

negative regulation of heart rate involved in baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction as a result of the baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure. [ISBN:0721643949]


The process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of angiotensin by conversion of angiotensinogen into mature angiotensin in the blood. [ISBN:0721643949]


aldosterone mediated control of body fluids


reduction of food intake in response to dietary excess

An eating behavior process whereby detection of a dietary excess results in a decrease in intake of nutrients. [GOC:pg, GOC:pr, PMID:12161655, PMID:12840200]


class D G-protein coupled receptor activity

class D G protein coupled receptor activity

class D G-protein-coupled receptor activity


arrestin mediated desensitization of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway

desensitization of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway by arrestin

arrestin-mediated desensitization of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway

arrestin mediated desensitisation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway

desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway by arrestin

The process that inhibits the signaling function of a G protein-coupled receptor by uncoupling the receptor from its downstream G proteins. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, PMID:8396717]


OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete). [GOC:ai]


protein amino acid O-linked glycosylation

A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via the hydroxyl group of peptidyl-serine, peptidyl-threonine, peptidyl-hydroxylysine, or peptidyl-hydroxyproline, or via the phenol group of peptidyl-tyrosine, forming an O-glycan. [GOC:pr, ISBN:0879695595, RESID:AA0153, RESID:AA0154, RESID:AA0155, RESID:AA0157, RESID:AA0212]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving sesquiterpenes, any of a class of terpenes of the formula C15H24 or a derivative of such a terpene. [GOC:ai]


Compounds that bind to and inhibit the action of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.


ocellus pigment granule organization and biogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of intracellular pigment storage granules in the ocellus. [http://fly.ebi.ac.uk/allied-data/lk/interactive-fly/aimain/1aahome.htm]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus. [GOC:hb]


GABA catabolism
4-aminobutyrate catabolic process
4-aminobutyrate catabolism
gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolism
4-aminobutanoate catabolic process
gamma-aminobutyric acid breakdown
gamma-aminobutyric acid degradation
GABA catabolic process
4-aminobutanoate catabolism

gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms. [GOC:ai]


NADH dehydrogenase complex (plastoquinone) assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form NADH:plastoquinone dehydrogenase complex, which is involved in the non-photochemical reduction of plastoquinones, as well as the cyclic electron transport around photosystem I. [PMID:15608332]


S-methylmethionine synthesis
S-methylmethionine formation
S-methylmethionine biosynthesis
S-methylmethionine anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-methyl-methionine (SMM) from methionine and S-adenosyl-methionine (Ado-Met), catalyzed by methionine S-methyltransferase (MMT). SMM can be reconverted to methionine by donating a methyl group to homocysteine, and concurrent operation of this reaction and that mediated by MMT sets up the SMM cycle. [PMID:12692340]


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + nitrate(out) = ADP + phosphate + nitrate(in). [RHEA:13181]


ABC-type taurine transporter transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + taurine(out) = ADP + phosphate + taurine(in). [RHEA:14613]


isopentenyl diphosphate synthesis, mevalonate pathway

isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process via mevalonate

isopentenyl diphosphate formation, mevalonate pathway

isopentenyl diphosphate anabolism, mevalonate pathway

isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate, via the intermediate mevalonate. This pathway converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP), the fundamental unit in isoprenoid biosynthesis, through a series of mevalonate intermediates. [GOC:go_curators, MetaCyc:PWY-922]


The directed movement of substances, into, out of or within the phloem during long distance transport between source and sink tissues. [GOC:sm, PMID:19025382]


The stereotyped symmetric cell division by which guard mother cell give rise to stomatal guard cells. [GOC:tb]


long-chain fatty acid delta(6)-desaturase activity


cytoplasmic membrane-enclosed vesicle
cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded vesicle


protein amino acid O-linked glycosylation via hydroxyproline

protein O-linked glycosylation via hydroxyproline

The glycosylation of proteins via 04 atom of hydroxyproline to form O4-glycosyl-L-hydroxyproline; the most common form is arabinofuranosyl-4-proline. [RESID:AA0212]


protein amino acid O-linked glycosylation via threonine

protein O-linked glycosylation via threonine

The glycosylation of protein via the O3 atom of peptidyl-threonine, forming O3-glycosyl-L-threonine; the most common forms are N-acetylgalactosaminyl, mannosyl, and galactosyl threonine. [RESID:AA0155]


cytoadherence to microvasculature, mediated by parasite protein

adhesion of symbiont to microvasculature

parasite-protein-mediated cytoadherence to microvasculature

symbiont-protein-mediated cytoadherence to microvasculature

The adherence of symbiont-infected erythrocytes to microvascular endothelium via symbiont proteins embedded in the membrane of the erythrocyte. [GOC:mb, PMID:10362584]

cytoadherence to microvasculature, mediated by symbiont protein


Development of ovarian follicle cells to create the interfollicular stalks that connect the egg chambers of progressive developmental stages. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:10822261]


The regrowth of fin tissue following its loss or destruction. [GOC:dgh]


stress-activated protein kinase signalling pathway

stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway

stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade

The series of molecular signals in which a stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) cascade relays a signal. [GOC:mah]


The volume enclosed by the membrane of the platelet dense granule. [GOC:mah]


microtubule polymerization or depolymerization

Assembly or disassembly of microtubules by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule. [GOC:mah]


establishment and maintenance of proteasome localization

Any process in which the proteasome is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. [GOC:mah]


up regulation of microtubule polymerization

upregulation of microtubule polymerization

up-regulation of microtubule polymerization

positive regulation of microtubule polymerization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization. [GOC:mah]


equatorial microtubule organization and biogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins at the midpoint of a cell. [GOC:mah, GOC:vw]


The process in which one cell or group of cells sends a signal over a short range to another cell or group of cells of different ancestry and developmental potential, thereby effecting a developmental change in the latter. [GOC:mah]


The process in which one cell or group of cells receives, transduces, and responds to a signal generated by another cell or group of cells of different ancestry and developmental potential, such that the recipient cell(s) undergo a developmental change. [GOC:mah]


induction of conjugation upon nutrient starvation

The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon starvation for one or more nutrients. [GOC:mah]


siderophore biosynthetic process, peptide modification


ferrichrome biosynthetic process, peptide modification


anaphase-promoting complex-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

APC-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism

APC-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

anaphase-promoting complex-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown

anaphase-promoting complex-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation

anaphase-promoting complex-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism

anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by the anaphase-promoting complex, and mediated by the proteasome. [GOC:mah, PMID:15380083, PMID:15840442]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ferrichrome. Ferrichromes are any of a group of growth-promoting Fe(III) chelates formed by various genera of microfungi. They are homodetic cyclic hexapeptides made up of a tripeptide of glycine (or other small neutral amino acids) and a tripeptide of an N'acyl-N4-hydroxy-L-ornithine. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


The lipid bilayer surrounding the contractile vacuole. [GOC:pg]


pyochelin biosynthetic process, peptide formation


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp development. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum. [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:4332228]


Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of 2,6-beta-D-fructofuranosidic linkages in 2,6-beta-D-fructans (levans) containing more than 3 fructose units. [EC:3.2.1.65, GOC:mlg]


remodeling and spacing factor complex location

An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (SNF2H in mammals) and an RSF1 homolog. It mediates nucleosome deposition and generates regularly spaced nucleosome arrays. In mammals, RSF is involved in regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoters). [GOC:krc, PMID:12972596, PMID:15284901, PMID:16568949, PMID:21810179]


ferricrocin synthesis
ferricrocin anabolism
ferricrocin biosynthesis
ferricrocin formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ferricrocin, a cyclic hexapeptide siderophore with the structure Gly-Ser-Gly-(N5-acetyl-N5-hydroxyornithine)3. [GOC:mah, PMID:12828635]


endoplasmic reticulum Sec complex location

An endoplasmic reticulum membrane-associated complex involved in the translocation of proteins that are targeted to the ER. In yeast, this complex consists of two subcomplexes, namely, the Sec61 complex and the Sec62/Sec63 complex. [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:14617809]


Catalysis of the reaction: maltodextrin = glucose-1-phosphate. [GOC:mlg, PMID:10348846]


auditory behaviour
behavioral response to sound
behavioural response to sound

The behavior of an organism in response to a sound. [GOC:pr, GOC:rc]


intrinsic to periplasmic side of plasma membrane

intrinsic to external leaflet of plasma membrane, in periplasmic space

intrinsic component of periplasmic side of plasma membrane

The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that penetrate the periplasmic side of the plasma membrane only, either directly or via some covalently attached hydrophobic anchor. [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu]


intrinsic component of nuclear inner membrane

The component of the nuclear inner membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


negative regulation of cellular formation

down regulation of cellular biosynthetic process

negative regulation of cellular biosynthesis

down-regulation of cellular biosynthetic process

negative regulation of cellular anabolism

negative regulation of cellular synthesis

downregulation of cellular biosynthetic process

negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. [GOC:mah]


The area of a motile cell opposite to the direction of movement. [GOC:pg]


The area of a motile cell closest to the direction of movement. [GOC:pg]


The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a lamellipodium. [GOC:mah]


The myosin-based contraction and retraction of a pseudopodium. [GOC:pg]


Ndc80 complex location
Nuf2-Ndc80 complex
Nuf2-Ndc80 complex location

An outer kinetochore protein complex that is part of the KMN kinetochore network (also known as the NMS complex) providing the platform with which the plus ends of spindle microtubules directly interact to form stable kinetochore-microtubule attachments. A common subunit nomenclature is used from yeast to human: Ndc80, Nuf2, Spc24, and Spc25. [GOC:krc, GOC:vw, PMID:15509863, PMID:15661517, PMID:28502666]


pseudopodium organization and biogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pseudopodium, a temporary protrusion or retractile process of a cell, associated with cellular movement. [GOC:pg]


death receptor-induced signaling complex location

death-inducing signalling complex location

death receptor-induced signalling complex location

death-inducing signaling complex location

A protein complex formed by the association of signaling proteins with a death receptor upon ligand binding. The complex includes procaspases and death domain-containing proteins in addition to the ligand-bound receptor, and may control the activation of caspases 8 and 10. [GOC:mtg_apoptosis, PMID:12628743, PMID:12655293, PMID:8521815]


upregulation of guanylate cyclase activity

up regulation of guanylate cyclase activity

up-regulation of guanylate cyclase activity

positive regulation of guanylate cyclase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of guanylate cyclase activity. [GOC:mah]


The transfer of one or more phosphate groups to an actin molecule. [GOC:mah]


tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic transporter complex location

A complex consisting of two membrane proteins and one extracytoplasmic solute receptor. Such transporters transport a variety of substrates without direct ATP power, instead using energy from ion gradients. [GOC:mlg]


extrinsic to mitochondrial outer membrane

extrinsic component of mitochondrial outer membrane

The component of a mitochondrial outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


intrinsic component of nuclear outer membrane

The component of the nuclear outer membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


integral to mitochondrial inner membrane

integral component of mitochondrial inner membrane

The component of the mitochondrial inner membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


integral component of organelle membrane

The component of the organelle membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


down regulation of vesicle fusion
downregulation of vesicle fusion
down-regulation of vesicle fusion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion. [GOC:mah]


integral component of plastid inner membrane

The component of the plastid inner membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis

regulation of cell projection organisation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. [GOC:mah]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response. [GOC:mah]


up-regulation of cell killing
up regulation of cell killing
upregulation of cell killing

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing. [GOC:mah]


ubiquitin conjugating enzyme complex location

Any complex that possesses ubiquitin conjugating enzyme activity. [GOC:mah]


regulation of initiation of mating projection growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the start of mating projection formation by unicellular fungi. [PMID:14734532]


A heptameric complex related to replication factor C, which loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA and plays a vital role in chromosome cohesion. In Saccharomyces the subunits are known as Ctf18p, Rfc2p, Rfc3p, Rfc4p, Rfc5p, Dcc1p, and Ctf8p. [PMID:14614842]


integral component of chloroplast outer membrane

The component of the chloroplast outer membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein. [GOC:mah]


Binding to a sodium ion (Na+). [GOC:mah]


Binding to a carboxylic acid, an organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


Binding to cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom. [GOC:mah]


A complex formed by a recombinase, a regulatory protein, and the DNA sequences bound by each protein; catalyzes a reversible site-specific recombination reaction that results in the alternate expression of one or more genes in various contexts. [PMID:11114897, PMID:9732277]


mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase binding

Binding to a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, a protein that can phosphorylate a MAP kinase. [GOC:mah]


upregulation of mRNA cleavage
up regulation of mRNA cleavage
up-regulation of mRNA cleavage

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cleavage. [GOC:mah]


down-regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing

down regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing

downregulation of mRNA 3'-end processing

negative regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-end processing. [GOC:mah]


down-regulation of mRNA cleavage
down regulation of mRNA cleavage
downregulation of mRNA cleavage

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cleavage. [GOC:mah]


Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex location

A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul3 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a BTB-domain-containing protein. [PMID:15571813, PMID:15688063]


An organelle found in bacteria consisting of a proteinaceous coat containing metabolic enzymes whose purpose is the sequestration or concentration of metabolites and which has the appearance of a polygonal granule by electron microscopy. [GOC:js, PMID:10498708, PMID:11844753, PMID:12923081, PMID:34058518, PMID:34340100]


menthol formation
menthol biosynthesis
menthol anabolism
menthol synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of menthol, the monoterpene 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol. [GOC:mah]


Binding to a class V myosin; myosin V is a dimeric molecule involved in intracellular transport. [GOC:mah, http://www.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/myosin/Review/Reviewframeset.html]


polyubiquitin modification-dependent protein binding

Binding to a protein upon poly-ubiquitination of the target protein. [GOC:pg]


A proteasome found in the nucleus of a cell. [GOC:mah]


The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the cell tip. [GOC:mah]


Snf1 serine/threonine protein kinase complex location


The movement of one microtubule along another microtubule, where the motion is directed towards the minus ends of the microtubules. [GOC:mah, GOC:vw]


positive regulation of anthocyanin metabolism

up-regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process

upregulation of anthocyanin metabolic process

up regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process

positive regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving anthocyanins. [GOC:mah]


positive regulation of anthocyanin synthesis

up regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process

positive regulation of anthocyanin formation

up-regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process

positive regulation of anthocyanin anabolism

positive regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis

upregulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process

positive regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of anthocyanins. [GOC:mah]


signal transduction involved in DNA integrity checkpoint

A signaling process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and progresses through signal transduction and ends with cell cycle effector processes. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle]


mitotic spindle orientation checkpoint signaling

signal transduction involved in mitotic cell cycle spindle orientation checkpoint

A signaling process that monitors and signals errors in the placement or orientation of the spindle in the cell. This delays the completion of anaphase until errors are corrected. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle, PMID:14616062]


yW metabolic process
wybutosine metabolism
yW metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving wybutosine, 3H-imidazo[1,2-alpha]purine-7-butanoic acid, 4,9-dihydro- alpha-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]- 4,6-dimethyl-9-oxo- 3-beta-D-ribofuranosyl methyl ester, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules. [GOC:mah, RNAmods:037]


gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptor binding

gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor binding

Binding to a receptor for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a peptide hormone that is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus and is responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. [GOC:pr, PMID:15196882]


Catalysis of the cyclization of (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene to form a triterpene. [GOC:ct]


mitotic cell cycle cell size control checkpoint


mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition size control checkpoint

mitotic G1 cell size control checkpoint signaling

A signal transduction process that contributes to a cell size control checkpoint during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle]


Assembly of hemidesmosomes, integrin-containing protein complexes that bind to laminin in the basal lamina. Hemidesmosomes form the contact between the basal surface of epithelial cells and the underlying basal lamina. [GOC:dgh, PMID:15983403]


Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2. [GOC:mah, GOC:vw, PMID:24550447, PMID:24550462]


The function of absorbing and responding to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of approximately 660nm. The response may involve a change in conformation. [GOC:nln]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wybutosine, 3H-imidazo[1,2-alpha]purine-7-butanoic acid, 4,9-dihydro- alpha-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]- 4,6-dimethyl-9-oxo- 3-beta-D-ribofuranosyl methyl ester, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules. [GOC:hjd, GOC:mah, RNAmods:037]


protein O-mannosyltransferase complex location

dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase complex location

A complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity; usually includes members of the PMT1 and PMT2 protein subfamilies. [GOC:mah, GOC:pr, PMID:15948957]


establishment and maintenance of protein complex localization

A localization process that acts on a protein complex; the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. [GOC:mah]


establishment of heterochromatin architecture

An epigenetic gene silencing mechanism that involves the assembly of chromatin into heterochromatin, resulting in a chromatin conformation refractory to transcription. This process starts with heterochromatin nucleation, its spreading, and ends with heterochromatin boundary formation. [GOC:mah, PMID:25192661, PMID:33827924]


Mis6-Mal2-Sim4 centromere complex location

A protein complex that forms part of the inner kinetochore, which is involved in the loading of the centromeric histone h3 variant CENP-A onto centromeres and in centromere specific heterochromatin formation. The complex contains about 12 proteins, of which two are known as Mis6 and Sim4 in S. pombe and CENP-I and CENP-H in human. [GOC:vw, PMID:12719471, PMID:15897182]


nuclear proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex location

The subunits forming the outer ring of the core complex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell. [GOC:mah]


synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane

synaptic vesicle fusion to pre-synaptic membrane

synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane

Fusion of the membrane of a synaptic vesicle with the presynaptic active zone membrane, thereby releasing its cargo neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, ISBN:0071120009, PMID:18618940]


nuclear proteasome regulatory particle, base subcomplex location

The subunits of the regulatory particle that directly associate with the core complex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell. [GOC:mah]


t-loop biosynthesis
t-loop formation
T loop biosynthesis
T loop formation

The process in which linear telomeric DNA is remodeled into duplex loops, by the invasion of a 3' single-stranded overhang into the duplex region. [GOC:vw, PMID:10338214]


negative regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane

down-regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane

downregulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane

negative regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to pre-synaptic active zone membrane

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle fusion to the presynaptic membrane. [GOC:mah]

down regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane


cytosolic proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex location

The subcomplex of the cytosolic proteasome regulatory particle that forms the peripheral lid, which is added on top of the base subcomplex. [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu]


homologous chromosome orientation during meiosis I


neurotrophin-induced neuronal synaptic plasticity

regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity in response to neurotrophin

The process in which a neurotrophic factor induces neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers. [GOC:mah, PMID:8703078]


A centrosome from which one pole of a mitotic or meiotic spindle is organized. [GOC:mah]


Any process that modulates the rate or extent of fever generation. [GOC:add, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus. [GOC:mah]


positive regulation of neurophysiological process

positive regulation of neurological system process

positive regulation of neurological process

positive regulation of nervous system process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb]


regulation of neurophysiological process

regulation of neurological system process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the nervous system. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb]


regulation of LPS-mediated signaling pathway

regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signalling pathway

regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling in response to detection of lipopolysaccharide. [GOC:mah]


G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex location

The heterodimer formed by the beta and gamma subunits of a heterotrimeric G protein, which dissociates from the alpha subunit upon guanine nuclotide exchange. [GOC:mah]


Any process that modulates the rate or extent of heat dissipation. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb]


up regulation of heat dissipation
upregulation of heat dissipation
up-regulation of heat dissipation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of heat dissipation. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb]


The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Lipopolysaccharides are major components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, making them prime targets for recognition by the immune system. [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, PMID:15379975]


positive regulation of LPS-mediated signaling pathway

up regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway

positive regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signalling pathway

up-regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway

upregulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway

positive regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling in response to detection of lipopolysaccharide. [GOC:mah]


pyrimidine-specific oxidized base lesion DNA N-glycosylase activity


Binding to an alpha-2B adrenergic receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


tumor necrosis factor receptor activity, type II


calciol synthesis
vitamin D3 synthesis
cholecalciferol biosynthetic process
calciol formation
calciol biosynthesis
vitamin D3 biosynthesis
cholecalciferol biosynthesis
vitamin D3 anabolism
calciol anabolism
calciol biosynthetic process
vitamin D3 formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin D3. [GOC:TermGenie, GOC:yaf, Unipathway:UPA00955]


monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 receptor binding

Binding to a CCR2 chemokine receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Binding to an adrenomedullin receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Binding to a type 2 angiotensin receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Binding to a B2 bradykinin receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Binding to a bradykinin receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Binding to a neuromedin B receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Binding to a calcitonin receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Binding to a substance K receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Binding to a type 4 neuropeptide Y receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


EP2 subtype prostaglandin E2 receptor binding

Binding to an EP2 subtype prostaglandin E2 receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


EP3 subtype prostaglandin E2 receptor binding

Binding to an EP3 subtype prostaglandin E2 receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


type 2 metabotropic GABA receptor ligand


M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor binding


muscarinic acetylcholine receptor ligand


Binding to a type 1 neuropeptide Y receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Binding to a type 5 neuropeptide Y receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Binding to a mu-type opioid receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln, GOC:sl]


pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide receptor ligand


maintenance of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation

Ensuring that hairs in the imaginal disc-derived wing continue to point distally during development, following the initial establishment of wing hair polarity. [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:15501220]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding. [GOC:ems, ISBN:087969307X]


Binding to a neurokinin receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


A protein complex formed by the stable binding of a haptoglobin to hemoglobin. [GOC:mah]


The formation of the single stranded telomeric 3' overhang, a conserved feature that ranges in length from 12 nt in budding yeast to approximately 500 nt in humans. [PMID:16096639]


protection from NHEJ-mediated telomere fusion

protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere

A process that prevents non-homologous end joining at telomere, thereby ensuring that telomeres do not fuse. [GOC:mah]


type 1 vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor binding

Binding to a type 1 vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


The double lipid bilayer enclosing the chromoplast and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space. [GOC:pz]


type 2 proteinase activated receptor ligand


oocyte axis determination, oocyte nucleus anchoring

oocyte axis determination, maintenance of oocyte nucleus position

oocyte nucleus anchoring during oocyte axis determination

oocyte axis determination, maintenance of oocyte nucleus localization

maintenance of oocyte nucleus position during oocyte axis determination

maintenance of oocyte nucleus localization during oocyte axis determination


Edg-4 lysophosphatidic acid receptor binding

Binding to an Edg-4 lysophosphatidic acid receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Binding to a fMet-Leu-Phe receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Edg-6 sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor ligand


type 2 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding

Binding to a type 2 metabotropic glutamate receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


type 7 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding

Binding to a type 7 metabotropic glutamate receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


protein amino acid phosphate-linked glycosylation via serine

protein phosphate-linked glycosylation via serine

The glycosylation of peptidyl-serine through a phosphoester bond forming, for example, GlcNAc-alpha-1-P-Ser residues. [GOC:mah]


TOR signal transduction
target of rapamycin signaling pathway
target of rapamycin signalling pathway
TOR signaling cascade
TOR signaling pathway
TOR signalling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by TOR (Target of rapamycin) proteins, members of the phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase related kinase (PIKK) family that act as serine/threonine kinases in response to nutrient availability or growth factors. [PMID:12372295]


A leucoplast in which protein is stored. [GOC:pz]


interleukin-28 receptor complex location

A protein complex that binds interleukin-28 and interleukin-29. It is composed of an alpha and a beta receptor subunit (in human IFNLR1/IL28Ralpha & IL10RB) and either Interleukin-28 (IFNL2 or IFNL3) or Interleukin-29 (IFNL1). [GOC:rph]


Binding to a H4 histamine receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


endothelial differentiation G-protein coupled receptor ligand


Catalysis of the transfer an alpha-D-glucosyl residue in a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan to the primary hydroxy group of glucose, free or combined in a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan. [EC:2.4.1.24]


Protease complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane whose catalytic residues lie on the intermembrane space side of the inner membrane; involved in mitochondrial protein turnover. Contains a subunit belonging to the AAA family of ATP-dependent metalloproteases. [PMID:16247555, PMID:16267274]


type 8 metabotropic glutamate receptor ligand


regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids. [GOC:mah]


upregulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process

up-regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process

positive regulation of glucocorticoid metabolism

up regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process

positive regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids. [GOC:mah]


Binding to a type 4 melanocortin receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Heterochromatic regions of the chromosome found at silenced mating-type loci. [GOC:mah]


type 1 melanin-concentrating hormone receptor binding

Binding to a type 1 melanin-concentrating hormone receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


downregulation of dephosphorylation
down regulation of dephosphorylation
down-regulation of dephosphorylation

negative regulation of dephosphorylation

Any process the stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a molecule. [GOC:bf]


wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells

The migration of an epidermal cell along or through a wound gap that contributes to the reestablishment of a continuous epidermis. [GOC:bf, PMID:15269788]


G-protein coupled serotonin receptor binding

metabotropic 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor binding

G protein-coupled serotonin receptor binding

Binding to a metabotropic serotonin receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor binding

Binding to a lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


Binding to a type 3 melanocortin receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 6-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+). [EC:2.7.1.134]


up regulation of dephosphorylation
up-regulation of dephosphorylation
upregulation of dephosphorylation

positive regulation of dephosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a molecule. [GOC:bf]


Binding to a type 2A serotonin receptor. [GOC:mah, GOC:nln]


negative regulation of protein amino acid dephosphorylation

down regulation of protein amino acid dephosphorylation

downregulation of protein amino acid dephosphorylation

down-regulation of protein amino acid dephosphorylation

negative regulation of protein dephosphorylation

Any process the stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a protein. [GOC:bf]


non-sensory hair organization and biogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of non-sensory hairs. These hairs are polarized cellular extensions that cover much of the insect epidermis. [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:11064425]


regulation of protein amino acid dephosphorylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a protein. [GOC:bf]


Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' terminus of a DNA molecule. [ISBN:0198547684]


major histocompatibility complex class II ligand


protein amino acid N-linked glycosylation via arginine

protein N-linked glycosylation via arginine

The glycosylation of protein via peptidyl-arginine, omega-N-glycosyl-L-arginine. [RESID:AA0327]


down regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification

down-regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification

downregulation of mesodermal cell fate specification

negative regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate specification. [GOC:go_curators]


up regulation of eosinophil degranulation

upregulation of eosinophil degranulation

up-regulation of eosinophil degranulation

positive regulation of eosinophil granule exocytosis

positive regulation of eosinophil degranulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil degranulation. [ISBN:0781735149]


5HT uptake
serotonin import
serotonin uptake
5-hydroxytryptamine uptake

The directed movement of serotonin into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems. [GOC:ai]


active evasion of immune response of other organism via regulation of antigen processing and presentation in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


response to exogenous double-stranded RNA

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an exogenous double-stranded RNA stimulus. [GOC:go_curators]


pigment metabolic process during developmental pigmentation

pigment metabolism during developmental pigmentation


up regulation of leukocyte degranulation

up-regulation of leukocyte degranulation

positive regulation of immune cell degranulation

positive regulation of leucocyte degranulation

positive regulation of leukocyte degranulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte degranulation. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


positive regulation of memory T-cell differentiation

positive regulation of memory T-lymphocyte differentiation

upregulation of memory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of memory T lymphocyte differentiation

up-regulation of memory T cell differentiation

up regulation of memory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell differentiation. [ISBN:0781735149]


regulation of CD8-positive, alpha beta T-cell differentiation

regulation of CD8-positive T-cell differentiation

regulation of CD8-positive T-lymphocyte differentiation

regulation of CD8-positive, alpha beta T-lymphocyte differentiation

regulation of CD8-positive T lymphocyte differentiation

regulation of CD8-positive, alpha beta T lymphocyte differentiation

regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


The process in which successful recombination of a T cell receptor beta chain into a translatable protein coding sequence leads to rescue from apoptosis and subsequent proliferation of an immature T cell. [ISBN:0781735149, PMID:12220932]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded RNA stimulus. [GOC:jl]


positive T-lymphocyte selection
positive T-cell selection
positive T lymphocyte selection

The process of sparing immature T cells which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death. [ISBN:0781735149, PMID:12414722]


nucleate red blood cell differentiation
nucleate RBC differentiation

The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte with a nucleus, as found in non-mammalian vertebrates such as birds. [GOC:jl]


immune cell degranulation
immune cell granule exocytosis
leukocyte granule exocytosis
leucocyte degranulation

The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules by a leukocyte. [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


memory T lymphocyte differentiation
memory T-lymphocyte differentiation
memory T-cell differentiation

The process in which a newly activated T cell acquires specialized features of a memory T cell. [ISBN:0781735149]


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. [GOC:kd, PMID:9045837]


Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-diacylglycerol + phosphatidylglycerol = CMP + diphosphatidylglycerol. [GOC:jl]


down-regulation of DNA binding
down regulation of DNA binding
downregulation of DNA binding

Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:tb]


Binding to a proteoglycan, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans. [ISBN:0198506732]


Binding to a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, any proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate as the glycosaminoglycan carbohydrate unit. [ISBN:0198506732]


positive regulation of mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase cascade

positive regulation of MAP kinase cascade

positive regulation of MAP kinase kinase kinase cascade

positive regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade

positive regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade. [GOC:go_curators]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the tongue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in many other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech. [GOC:jl, UBERON:0001723]


OBSOLETE. A cytochrome c that is characteristic of green plants and transfers electrons to plastocyanin. [PMID:1655423]


The phase of cell nucleus division following PROMETAPHASE, in which the CHROMOSOMES line up across the equatorial plane of the SPINDLE APPARATUS prior to separation.


postsynaptic membrane organisation
post-synaptic membrane organization

A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a postsynaptic membrane, the specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). [GOC:dph, GOC:pr]


positive regulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway

up-regulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway

positive regulation of cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway

positive regulation of cytokine mediated signalling pathway

upregulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway

up regulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway

positive regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cytokine mediated signaling pathway. [GOC:hjd]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amphetamine stimulus. Amphetamines consist of a group of compounds related to alpha-methylphenethylamine. [GOC:dph, GOC:ef]


renal blood volume control of blood pressure


stereotaxis
taxis in response to touch stimulus

The directed movement of an animal in response to touch. [GOC:dph]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to the extracellular matrix. [GOC:hjd]


negative regulation of membrane attack complex formation

negative regulation of membrane attack complex assembly

downregulation of activation of membrane attack complex

negative regulation of activation of MAC

down-regulation of activation of membrane attack complex

down regulation of activation of membrane attack complex

negative regulation of activation of membrane attack complex

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade. [GOC:hjd]


positive regulation of heart contraction rate by epinephrine-norepinephrine


Binding to a protease or a peptidase. [GOC:hjd]


The regulated release of renin into the blood stream by juxtoglomerular cells. [ISBN:0721643949]


regulation of angiotensin levels in blood

The process that modulates the level of any of the various angiotensinogen proteolytic products in the blood. This occurs by the proteolytic cleavage of angiotensinogen, and its proteolytic products, to create a variety of active peptide hormones, such as angiotensin I and angiotensin II, as well as through the removal of these peptides from the circulation. [GOC:rl, PMID:21951628, Wikipedia:Angiotensin]


excitation of vasomotor center by chemoreceptor signalling

excitation of vasomotor center by chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which the molecular signal from the carotid and aortic bodies is relayed to the vasomotor center, causing it to signal an increase arterial pressure. [GOC:dph]


baroreceptor detection of arterial stretch

The series of events by which the change in diameter of an artery is detected and converted to a molecular signal. [GOC:mtg_cardio, ISBN:0721643949]


up regulation of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure

positive regulation of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure

positive regulation of cardiac contraction rate in baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure

stimulation of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure

up-regulation of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure

upregulation of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure

activation of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure

positive control of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure

positive regulation of heart rate involved in baroreceptor response to decreased systemic arterial blood pressure

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction as a result of the baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure. [ISBN:0721643949]


regulation of sodium transport
regulation of Na+ transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:dph]


OBSOLETE. Interacting selectively with a plasmid, an extrachromosomal genetic element usually characterized as a covalently continuous double stranded DNA molecule found in bacteria and some other microorganisms. [ISBN:0198506732]


G-protein coupled receptor internalization

G protein-coupled receptor internalization

The process that results in the uptake of a G protein-coupled receptor into an endocytic vesicle. [PMID:8396717]


oocyte nuclear migration during oocyte axis determination

oocyte axis determination, oocyte nuclear migration

oocyte axis determination, oocyte nucleus migration

oocyte nucleus migration during oocyte axis determination

oocyte nucleus migration involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification

The directed movement of the oocyte nucleus within the cell as part of the establishment and maintenance of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:tb]


eye pigment granule organization and biogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of intracellular pigment storage granules in the eye. [PMID:9303295]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desiccation stimulus, extreme dryness resulting from the prolonged deprivation of water. [GOC:jl]


allantoin catabolic process via ureidoglycolate

allantoin catabolism via ureidoglycolate

The pathways by which allantoin is processed and converted to ureidoglycolate, and then into metabolically useful substrates. E. coli are able to utilize allantoin as a sole nitrogen source under anaerobic conditions by converting it to ureidoglycolate; this may be further metabolized to produce glyoxylate and thence 3-phosphoglycerate, or alternatively oxidized to oxolureate, which can converted into oxamate and carbamoylphosphate. This may then be further metabolized to CO2, NH4+ and ATP. [MetaCyc:PWY0-41]


4-aminobutyrate biosynthesis
gamma-aminobutyric acid synthesis
4-aminobutanoate biosynthesis
gamma-aminobutyric acid formation
GABA biosynthesis
4-aminobutanoate biosynthetic process
gamma-aminobutyric acid anabolism
GABA biosynthetic process
4-aminobutyrate biosynthetic process
gamma-aminobutyric acid biosynthesis

gamma-aminobutyric acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms. [GOC:ai]


endomembrane system organisation
endomembrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endomembrane system. [GOC:mah, GOC:sm]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruit over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruit is a reproductive body of a seed plant. [GOC:sm]


Initiation of a somatic embryo-an embryo arising from previously differentiated somatic cells, rather than from fused haploid gametes. [GOC:sm, PMID:9611173]


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + molybdate(out) = ADP + phosphate + molybdate(in). [RHEA:22020]