D-alanine family amino acid biosynthesis

D-alanine family amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-alanine and related amino acids. [GOC:ai]


serine family amino acid biosynthesis
serine family amino acid anabolism
serine family amino acid synthesis
serine family amino acid formation

serine family amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine. [GOC:ai]


cysteine formation
cysteine synthesis
cysteine anabolism
cysteine biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid. [GOC:go_curators]


cysteine anabolism from serine
cysteine formation from serine
cysteine synthesis from serine

cysteine biosynthetic process from serine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine from other compounds, including serine. [GOC:go_curators]


cysteine formation via S-sulfo-L-cysteine

cysteine anabolism via S-sulfo-L-cysteine

cysteine synthesis via S-sulfo-L-cysteine

cysteine biosynthetic process via S-sulpho-L-cysteine

cysteine biosynthesis via S-sulpho-L-cysteine

cysteine biosynthetic process via S-sulfo-L-cysteine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, via the intermediate S-sulfo-L-cysteine. [GOC:go_curators]


glycine biosynthesis
glycine formation
glycine synthesis
glycine anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine, aminoethanoic acid. [GOC:go_curators]


glycine synthesis from serine
glycine anabolism from serine
glycine formation from serine

glycine biosynthetic process from serine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine from other compounds, including serine. [GOC:go_curators]


glycine formation, by transamination of glyoxylate

glycine anabolism, by transamination of glyoxylate

glycine synthesis, by transamination of glyoxylate

glycine biosynthetic process, by transamination of glyoxylate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine by the transamination of glyoxylate. [GOC:go_curators]


homoserine formation
homoserine synthesis
homoserine anabolism
homoserine biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


selenocysteine formation
selenocysteine biosynthesis
selenocysteine anabolism
selenocysteine synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of selenocysteine, an essential component of glutathione peroxidase and some other proteins. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


sulfur amino acid synthesis
sulfur amino acid biosynthesis
sulphur amino acid biosynthetic process
sulphur amino acid biosynthesis
sulfur amino acid formation
sulfur amino acid anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, methionine and selenocysteine. [GOC:ai]


L-methionine salvage from methylthioadenosine

The generation of L-methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid) from methylthioadenosine. [GOC:jl, MetaCyc:PWY-4361]


S-adenosyl methionine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


biogenic amine anabolism
biogenic amine synthesis
biogenic amine formation
biogenic amine biosynthesis

cellular biogenic amine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells resulting in the formation of any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0395825172]


betaine anabolism
betaine synthesis
betaine formation
betaine biosynthesis
betaine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any betaine, the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


N-trimethylglycine biosynthesis from choline

N-trimethylglycine biosynthetic process from choline

glycine betaine biosynthetic process from choline

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of betaine (N-trimethylglycine) from the oxidation of choline. [GOC:jl]


carnitine synthesis
vitamin Bt biosynthesis
vitamin Bt biosynthetic process
carnitine anabolism
carnitine formation
carnitine biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


choline synthesis
choline anabolism
choline formation
choline biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0192801023]


indolalkylamine biosynthesis
indolalkylamine formation
indolalkylamine anabolism
indolalkylamine synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group. [GOC:curators]


melatonin formation
melatonin synthesis
melatonin biosynthesis
melatonin anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine). [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


nicotianamine synthesis
nicotianamine formation
nicotianamine biosynthesis
nicotianamine anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotianamine, 2(S),3'2(S),3''(S)-N-(N-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid. [GOC:mah, PMID:10069850]


polyamine synthesis
polyamine biosynthesis
polyamine formation
polyamine anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups. [ISBN:0198506732]


putrescine formation
putrescine biosynthesis
putrescine anabolism
putrescine synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane; putrescine can be synthesized from arginine or ornithine and is the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


spermidine formation
spermidine synthesis
spermidine anabolism
spermidine biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


nor-spermidine synthesis
nor-spermidine biosynthesis
nor-spermidine formation
nor-spermidine anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nor-spermidine, a compound related to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane. [GOC:go_curators]


trypanothione synthesis
trypanothione biosynthesis
trypanothione formation
trypanothione anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trypanothione (N1,N6,-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine) in two steps from glutathione and spermidine via an N1- or N8-glutathionylspermidine intermediate. Trypanothione appears to be an essential redox intermediate in intracellular thiol redox regulation. It also plays a role in protecting against oxidative stress. [MetaCyc:TRYPANOSYN-PWY, PMID:9677355]


spermine biosynthesis
spermine anabolism
spermine synthesis
spermine formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermine, a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses and involved in nucleic acid packaging. [GOC:curators]


amine degradation
amine breakdown
amine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


cellular amino acid catabolism
cellular amino acid degradation
amino acid catabolic process
cellular amino acid breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents. [GOC:ai]


aromatic amino acid family catabolism
aromatic amino acid family degradation
aromatic amino acid family breakdown

aromatic amino acid family catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan). [GOC:go_curators]


L-phenylalanine degradation
L-phenylalanine breakdown
L-phenylalanine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylalanine, 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylalanine under anaerobic conditions; occurs via the intermediates phenylpyruvate and phenylacetaldehyde. [GOC:mah, MetaCyc:ANAPHENOXI-PWY]


tryptophan degradation
tryptophan catabolism
tryptophan breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid. [ISBN:0198547684]


tryptophan degradation to acetyl-CoA
tryptophan breakdown to acetyl-CoA

tryptophan catabolic process to acetyl-CoA

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA. [GOC:go_curators]


tryptophan catabolic process to indoleacetic acid

tryptophan breakdown to indole-3-acetate

tryptophan degradation to indole-3-acetate

tryptophan catabolism to indoleacetic acid

tryptophan catabolic process to indole-3-acetate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including indole-3-acetate. [GOC:go_curators]


tryptophan degradation to kynurenine
tryptophan breakdown to kynurenine

tryptophan catabolic process to kynurenine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including kynurenine. [GOC:go_curators]


tyrosine breakdown
tyrosine degradation
tyrosine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid. [GOC:go_curators]


tyrosine breakdown to fumarate
tyrosine degradation to fumarate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tyrosine into other compounds, including fumarate. [GOC:go_curators]


aspartate family amino acid catabolism
aspartate family amino acid breakdown
aspartate family amino acid degradation

aspartate family amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine. [GOC:ai]


asparagine breakdown
asparagine degradation
asparagine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid. [GOC:go_curators]


aspartate catabolism
aspartate degradation
aspartate breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


The exchange of the amino group of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, for another amino group. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


lysine degradation
lysine catabolic process
lysine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid. [GOC:go_curators]


D-lysine catabolism
D-lysine breakdown
D-lysine degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-lysine, the D-enantiomer of lysine; i.e. (2R)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid. [GOC:ai, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah]


L-lysine breakdown
L-lysine degradation
L-lysine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine, the L-enantiomer of (S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah]


lysine fermentation
L-lysine breakdown to acetate
L-lysine degradation to acetate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetate. [GOC:go_curators]


L-lysine breakdown to acetyl-CoA
L-lysine degradation to acetyl-CoA

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA. [GOC:go_curators]

L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA


L-lysine degradation to glutarate, by acetylation

L-lysine breakdown to glutarate, by acetylation

L-lysine catabolic process to glutarate, by acetylation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including glutarate, by acetylation. [GOC:go_curators]


methionine breakdown
methionine degradation
methionine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


methionine breakdown to succinyl-CoA
methionine degradation to succinyl-CoA

methionine catabolic process to succinyl-CoA

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methionine into other compounds, including succinyl-CoA. [GOC:go_curators]


methionine degradation via 2-oxobutanoate

methionine catabolic process via 2-oxobutanoate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methionine, via the intermediate 2-oxobutanoate. [GOC:go_curators]


threonine breakdown
threonine catabolism
threonine degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


threonine catabolic process to D-lactate


branched chain family amino acid breakdown

branched chain family amino acid catabolic process

branched chain family amino acid catabolism

branched chain family amino acid degradation

branched-chain amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine. [GOC:ai]


isoleucine breakdown
isoleucine degradation
isoleucine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid. [GOC:ai]


leucine degradation
leucine breakdown
leucine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid. [GOC:ai]


valine degradation
valine breakdown
valine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid. [GOC:ai]


D-amino acid catabolism
D-amino acid breakdown
D-amino acid degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-amino acids, the D-enantiomers of amino acids. [GOC:ai, GOC:jsg]


D-cysteine degradation
D-cysteine breakdown
D-cysteine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-cysteine, (S)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid, which occurs naturally in firefly luciferin. [PMID:11527960]


glutamine family amino acid breakdown
glutamine family amino acid degradation
glutamine family amino acid catabolism

glutamine family amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline. [GOC:ai]


arginine degradation
arginine catabolism
arginine breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid. [GOC:go_curators]


arginine breakdown to glutamate
arginine degradation to glutamate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including glutamate. [GOC:go_curators]


arginine degradation to ornithine
arginine breakdown to ornithine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including ornithine. [GOC:go_curators]


arginine breakdown to proline
arginine degradation to proline

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including proline. [GOC:go_curators]


arginine breakdown to spermine
arginine degradation to spermine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including spermine. [GOC:go_curators]


arginine degradation to succinate
arginine breakdown to succinate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including succinate. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including ornithine and CO2, using the enzyme arginine deiminase. [GOC:mah, MetaCyc:ARGDEGRAD-PWY]


glutamic acid catabolic process
glutamic acid catabolism
glutamate degradation
glutamate breakdown
glutamate catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid. [GOC:go_curators]


glutamate catabolism to alpha-ketoglutarate

glutamate catabolism to alpha-oxoglutarate

glutamate catabolic process to alpha-oxoglutarate

glutamate catabolic process to alpha-ketoglutarate

glutamate catabolic process to 2-ketoglutarate

glutamate catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate. [GOC:go_curators]


glutamate degradation to aspartate
glutamate breakdown to aspartate

glutamate catabolic process to aspartate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including aspartate. [GOC:go_curators]


glutamate catabolic process to fumarate, using glutamate synthase (NADPH)


glutamate catabolic process to fumarate, using glutaminase


glutamate degradation to ornithine
glutamate breakdown to ornithine

glutamate catabolic process to ornithine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including ornithine. [GOC:go_curators]


glutamate breakdown to oxaloacetate
glutamate degradation to oxaloacetate

glutamate catabolic process to oxaloacetate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including oxaloacetate. [GOC:go_curators]


glutamate catabolic process via alpha-ketoglutarate

glutamate catabolic process via alpha-oxoglutarate

glutamate catabolism via 2-ketoglutarate

glutamate catabolic process via 2-ketoglutarate

glutamate catabolism via alpha-ketoglutarate

glutamate catabolism via alpha-oxoglutarate

glutamate degradation via 2-oxoglutarate

glutamate catabolic process via 2-oxoglutarate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate 2-oxoglutarate. [GOC:go_curators]


glutamate breakdown via L-citramalate
glutamate degradation via L-citramalate

glutamate catabolic process via L-citramalate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate L-citramalate. [GOC:go_curators]


degradation of glutamate to succinate through GABA

glutamate degradation via 4-aminobutyrate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of succinate from glutamate. Also known as GABA (gamma-aminobutyrate) shunt since it channels glutamate into the TCA cycle bypassing two steps of that cycle. There are three enzymes involved in the GABA shunt: glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), GABA aminotransferase (GABA-TA), and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH). These three enzymes acting in concert to convert glutamate into succinate. The GABA shunt is predominantly associated with neurotransmission in the mammalian brain. It is also present in nonneuronal cells, in plants, in unicellular eukaryotes, and in prokaryotes. [PMID:12740438]


The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, yielding energy in the form of ATP. [GOC:jl]


glutamate fermentation via 2-hydroxyglutarate

glutamate catabolic process via 2-hydroxyglutarate

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate 2-hydroxyglutarate, yielding energy in the form of ATP. [MetaCyc:P162-PWY]


glutamate fermentation via mesaconate and citramalate

glutamate catabolic process via mesaconate and citramalate

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate via the intermediates mesaconate and S-citramalate, yielding energy in the form of ATP. [MetaCyc:GLUDEG-II-PWY]


glutamine breakdown
glutamine degradation
glutamine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid. [GOC:ai]


proline degradation
proline breakdown
proline catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


proline catabolic process to alpha-oxoglutarate

proline catabolism to alpha-oxoglutarate

proline catabolic process to alpha-ketoglutarate

proline catabolism to alpha-ketoglutarate

proline catabolic process to 2-ketoglutarate

proline catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proline into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate. [GOC:go_curators]


histidine breakdown
histidine catabolism
histidine degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid. [GOC:go_curators]


histidine catabolic process to alpha-ketoglutarate

histidine catabolism to alpha-oxoglutarate

histidine catabolic process to alpha-oxoglutarate

histidine catabolic process to 2-ketoglutarate

histidine catabolism to alpha-ketoglutarate

histidine catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate. [GOC:go_curators]


histidine breakdown to glutamate and formamide

histidine degradation to glutamate and formamide

histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formamide

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including glutamate and formamide. [GOC:go_curators]


histidine degradation to glutamate and formate

histidine breakdown to glutamate and formate

histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including glutamate and formate. [GOC:go_curators]


histidine breakdown to hydantoin-5-propionate

histidine degradation to hydantoin-5-propionate

histidine catabolic process to hydantoin-5-propionate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including hydantoin-5-propionate. [GOC:go_curators]


histidine breakdown to imidazol-5-yl-lactate

histidine degradation to imidazol-5-yl-lactate

histidine catabolic process to imidazol-5-yl-lactate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including imidazol-5-yl-lactate. [GOC:go_curators]


beta-alanine degradation
beta-alanine breakdown
beta-alanine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


beta-alanine degradation to L-alanine
beta-alanine breakdown to L-alanine

beta-alanine catabolic process to L-alanine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine into other compounds, including L-alanine. [GOC:go_curators]


beta-alanine degradation to mevalonate semialdehyde, by transamination

beta-alanine breakdown to mevalonate semialdehyde, by transamination

beta-alanine catabolic process to mevalonate semialdehyde, by transamination

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine into other compounds, including mevalonate semialdehyde, by transamination. [GOC:go_curators]


ornithine breakdown
ornithine catabolism
ornithine degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0192801023]


ornithine breakdown via proline
ornithine degradation via proline

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ornithine, via the intermediate proline. [GOC:go_curators]


ornithine degradation, by decarboxylation

ornithine catabolic process, by decarboxylation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ornithine by decarboxylation. [GOC:go_curators]


pyruvate family amino acid catabolism
pyruvate family amino acid breakdown
pyruvate family amino acid degradation

pyruvate family amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any amino acid that requires pyruvate for its synthesis, e.g. alanine. [GOC:jl]


alanine breakdown
alanine degradation
alanine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid. [GOC:go_curators]


D-alanine family amino acid catabolism
D-alanine family amino acid degradation
D-alanine family amino acid breakdown

D-alanine family amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-alanine and related amino acids. [GOC:mah]


serine family amino acid catabolism
serine family amino acid breakdown
serine family amino acid degradation

serine family amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine. [GOC:ai]


cysteine degradation
cysteine breakdown
cysteine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid. [GOC:go_curators]


L-cysteine catabolism
L-cysteine breakdown
L-cysteine degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid. [GOC:jsg, GOC:mah]


L-cysteine degradation to hypotaurine
L-cysteine breakdown to hypotaurine

L-cysteine catabolic process to hypotaurine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine into other compounds, including hypotaurine. [GOC:go_curators]


L-cysteine degradation to pyruvate
L-cysteine breakdown to pyruvate

L-cysteine catabolic process to pyruvate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine into other compounds, including pyruvate. [GOC:go_curators]


L-cysteine breakdown to pyruvate, using cysteine dioxygenase

L-cysteine degradation to pyruvate, using cysteine dioxygenase

L-cysteine catabolic process to pyruvate, using cysteine dioxygenase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown into pyruvate of L-cystine, catalyzed by the enzyme cysteine dioxygenase (EC:1.13.11.20). [GOC:jl]


L-cysteine degradation to taurine
L-cysteine breakdown to taurine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine into other compounds, including taurine. [GOC:go_curators]


L-cysteine degradation via cystine
L-cysteine breakdown via cystine

L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine, via the intermediate cystine. [GOC:go_curators]


L-cysteine degradation via cystine, using cysteine transaminase

L-cysteine breakdown via cystine, using cysteine transaminase

L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine, using cysteine transaminase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown, via the compound cystine, of L-cysteine, catalyzed by the enzyme cysteine transaminase. [GOC:jl]


L-cysteine degradation via cystine, using cystine reductase

L-cysteine breakdown via cystine, using cystine reductase

L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine, using cystine reductase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown, via the compound cystine, of L-cysteine, catalyzed by the enzyme cystine reductase. [GOC:jl]


L-cysteine breakdown via cystine, using glutathione-cystine transhydrogenase

L-cysteine degradation via cystine, using glutathione-cystine transhydrogenase

L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine, using glutathione-cystine transhydrogenase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown, via the compound cystine, of L-cysteine, catalyzed by the enzyme glutathione-cystine transhydrogenase. [GOC:jl]


glycine breakdown
glycine degradation
glycine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine, aminoethanoic acid. [GOC:go_curators]


glycine breakdown to creatine
glycine degradation to creatine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine into other compounds, including creatine. [GOC:go_curators]


glycine decarboxylation via glycine cleavage system

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine by oxidative cleavage to carbon dioxide, ammonia, and a methylene group, mediated by enzymes of the glycine cleavage complex. [MetaCyc:GLYCLEAV-PWY]


The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine, yielding energy in the form of ATP. [GOC:jl]


homoserine degradation
homoserine breakdown
homoserine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


selenocysteine breakdown
selenocysteine degradation
selenocysteine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of selenocysteine, an essential component of glutathione peroxidase and some other proteins. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


sulfur amino acid catabolism
sulphur amino acid catabolism
sulphur amino acid catabolic process
sulfur amino acid degradation
sulfur amino acid breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, methionine and selenocysteine. [GOC:ai]


S-adenosylhomocysteine catabolism
S-adenosylhomocysteine breakdown
S-adenosylhomocysteine degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of S-adenosylhomocysteine, forming homocysteine and then methionine. [ISBN:0198506732]


biogenic amine breakdown
biogenic amine catabolism
biogenic amine degradation

cellular biogenic amine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells resulting in the breakdown of biogenic amines, any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


betaine degradation
betaine breakdown
betaine catabolic process
betaine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any betaine, the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


vitamin Bt catabolic process
carnitine breakdown
vitamin Bt catabolism
carnitine degradation
carnitine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


choline breakdown
choline catabolism
choline degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0192801023]


indolalkylamine breakdown
indolalkylamine degradation
indolalkylamine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group. [GOC:curators]


melatonin breakdown
melatonin degradation
melatonin catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine). [GOC:jl]


nicotianamine degradation
nicotianamine breakdown
nicotianamine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotianamine, 2(S),3'2(S),3''(S)-N-(N-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid. [GOC:mah, PMID:10069850]


polyamine catabolism
polyamine degradation
polyamine breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups. [ISBN:0198506732]


putrescine breakdown
putrescine degradation
putrescine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane; putrescine is the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine. [GOC:ai]


spermidine breakdown
spermidine degradation
spermidine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane. [GOC:ai]


nor-spermidine breakdown
nor-spermidine degradation
nor-spermidine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nor-spermidine, a compound related to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane. [GOC:ai]


trypanothione degradation
trypanothione breakdown
trypanothione catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trypanothione (N1,N6,-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine), an essential redox intermediate in intracellular thiol redox regulation which also plays a role in protecting against oxidative stress. [GOC:ai]


spermine breakdown
spermine catabolism
spermine degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of spermine, a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses and involved in nucleic acid packaging. [PMID:12141946]


thyroid hormone breakdown
thyroid hormone catabolism
thyroid hormone degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, largely thyroxine and triiodothyronine. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


aromatic amino acid family metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan). [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid. [ISBN:0198547684]


indoleacetic acid formation via tryptophan

indoleacetic acid synthesis via tryptophan

indoleacetic acid anabolism via tryptophan

indoleacetic acid biosynthetic process via tryptophan

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole-3-acetic acid that occurs through metabolism of L-tryptophan. [GOC:lm, GOC:lr, PMID:10375566]


nicotinate nucleotide formation from tryptophan

nicotinate nucleotide synthesis from tryptophan

nicotinate nucleotide anabolism from tryptophan

nicotinate nucleotide biosynthetic process from tryptophan

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinate nucleotide from other compounds, including tryptophan. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid. [GOC:go_curators]


melanin synthesis from tyrosine
melanin anabolism from tyrosine
melanin formation from tyrosine

melanin biosynthetic process from tyrosine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin from other compounds, including tyrosine. [GOC:go_curators]


aspartate family amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid. [GOC:go_curators]


(3-aminopropyl)(L-aspartyl-1-amino)phosphoryl-5'-adenosine formation from asparagine

(3-aminopropyl)(L-aspartyl-1-amino)phosphoryl-5'-adenosine anabolism from asparagine

(3-aminopropyl)(L-aspartyl-1-amino)phosphoryl-5'-adenosine synthesis from asparagine

(3-aminopropyl)(L-aspartyl-1-amino)phosphoryl-5'-adenosine biosynthetic process from asparagine

The modification of asparagine to (3-aminopropyl)(L-aspartyl-1-amino)phosphoryl-5'-adenosine as found in microcin C7 produced from the mccA gene in E. coli plasmid pMccC7. [RESID:AA0328]


cyclization of asparagine, during protein splicing


The chemical reactions and pathways involving aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-lysine, the D-enantiomer of lysine; i.e. (2R)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid. [GOC:ai, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-lysine, the L-enantiomer of (S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid. [GOC:ai, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


branched chain family amino acid metabolism

branched-chain amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-amino acids, the D-enantiomers of amino acids. [GOC:ai, GOC:jsg]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid alanine, i.e. (2R)-2-aminopropanoic acid. [GOC:ai, GOC:jsg]


glutamine family amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid. [GOC:go_curators]


glutamate metabolism
glutamate metabolic process
glutamic acid metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid. [GOC:go_curators]


glutamate metabolic process via glutamine and ammonia

glutamate metabolism via glutamine and ammonia

The pathway by which ammonia is processed and incorporated into a cell. In an energy-rich (glucose-containing), nitrogen-poor environment, glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase form an ammonia assimilatory cycle, in which ammonia is incorporated into L-glutamate to form L-glutamine, which then combines with alpha-ketoglutarate to regenerate L-glutamate. This ATP-dependent cycle is essential for nitrogen-limited growth and for steady-state growth with some sources of nitrogen. [MetaCyc:AMMASSIM-PWY]


protoporphyrinogen IX formation from glutamate

protoporphyrinogen IX anabolism from glutamate

protoporphyrinogen IX synthesis from glutamate

protoporphyrinogen IX biosynthetic process from glutamate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of protoporphyrinogen IX from other compounds, including glutamate. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid. [GOC:ai]


cyclization of glutamine, during protein splicing


peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester anabolism from glutamine

peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester formation from glutamine

peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester synthesis from glutamine

peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester biosynthetic process from glutamine

The coupled methyl esterification and deamidation of peptidyl-glutamine. [RESID:AA0072]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


nopaline breakdown to proline
nopaline degradation to proline

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nopaline into other compounds, including proline. [GOC:go_curators]


octopine breakdown to proline
octopine degradation to proline

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octopine into other compounds, including proline. [GOC:go_curators]


Any process which produces the amino acid proline from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis. [GOC:jl]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid. [GOC:go_curators]


The process of conversion of a L-amino acid into its enantiomer, the corresponding D-amino acid. [GOC:ma]


The racemization of peptidyl-asparagine. [RESID:AA0196]


The formation of peptidyl-D-alanine, by either racemization or from peptidyl-L-serine. [RESID:AA0191]


peptidyl-D-alanine racemization via peptidyl-L-serine

The dehydration of peptidyl-serine, followed by hydrogenation to produce peptidyl-D-alanine. [RESID:AA0191]


The racemization of peptidyl-alanine. [RESID:AA0191]


The racemization of peptidyl-isoleucine. [RESID:AA0192]


The racemization of peptidyl-leucine. [RESID:AA0197]


The racemization of peptidyl-methionine. [RESID:AA0193]


The racemization of peptidyl-phenylalanine. [RESID:AA0194]


The racemization of peptidyl-serine. [RESID:AA0195]


The racemization of peptidyl-tryptophan. [RESID:AA0198]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving citrulline, N5-carbamoyl-L-ornithine, an alpha amino acid not found in proteins. [ISBN:0198506732]


citrulline synthesis
citrulline anabolism
citrulline formation
citrulline biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of citrulline, N5-carbamoyl-L-ornithine, an alpha amino acid not found in proteins. [ISBN:0198506732]


citrulline degradation
citrulline breakdown
citrulline catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of citrulline, N5-carbamoyl-L-ornithine, an alpha amino acid not found in proteins. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0192801023]


pyruvate family amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any amino acid that requires pyruvate for its synthesis, e.g. alanine. [GOC:jl]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid. [GOC:go_curators]


D-alanine family amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-alanine and related amino acids. [GOC:ai]


regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids. [GOC:go_curators]


serine family amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-cysteine, (S)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid, which occurs naturally in firefly luciferin. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-cysteine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid. [GOC:ai, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah]


The interconversion of homocysteine and cysteine via cystathionine. In contrast with enteric bacteria and mammals, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has two transsulfuration pathways employing two separate sets of enzymes. [MetaCyc:PWY-801]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycine, aminoethanoic acid. [GOC:go_curators]


protoporphyrinogen IX synthesis from glycine

protoporphyrinogen IX formation from glycine

protoporphyrinogen IX anabolism from glycine

protoporphyrinogen IX biosynthetic process from glycine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of protoporphyrinogen IX from other compounds, including glycine. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cystathionine, threonine and methionine. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving selenocysteine, an essential component of glutathione peroxidase and some other proteins. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


sulphur amino acid metabolic process
sulphur amino acid metabolism
sulfur amino acid metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, homocysteine, methionine and selenocysteine. [GOC:ai]


protein amino acid sulfation
protein amino acid sulphation

The addition of a sulfate group as an ester to a protein amino acid. [GOC:curators]


The sulfation of peptidyl-tyrosine residues to form peptidyl-O4'-sulfo-L-tyrosine. [RESID:AA0172]


aminosaccharide metabolic process
aminosaccharide metabolism
amino sugar metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any amino sugar, sugars containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0192801023]


amino sugar formation
amino sugar anabolism
amino sugar biosynthesis
amino sugar synthesis
aminosaccharide biosynthetic process
aminosaccharide biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any amino sugar, sugars containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group. [GOC:curators]


fructosamine formation
fructosamine biosynthesis
fructosamine anabolism
fructosamine synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fructosamine, a fructose molecule containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0192801023]


glucosamine formation
glucosamine anabolism
glucosamine biosynthesis
glucosamine synthesis
chitosamine biosynthetic process
chitosamine biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranose), an aminodeoxysugar that occurs in combined form in chitin. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


N-acetylglucosamine synthesis
N-acetylglucosamine biosynthesis
N-acetylglucosamine anabolism
N-acetylglucosamine formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-acetylglucosamine. The D isomer is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide group of a glycoprotein. [ISBN:0198506732]


UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine synthesis
UDP-GlcNAc biosynthetic process
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine formation
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine anabolism
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate. [GOC:ai]


mannosamine synthesis
mannosamine biosynthesis
mannosamine formation
mannosamine anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannosomine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose; the D-isomer is a constituent of neuraminic acids as well as mucolipids and mucoproteins. [GOC:curators]


N-acetylmannosamine formation
N-acetylmannosamine biosynthesis
N-acetylmannosamine synthesis
N-acetylmannosamine anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-acetylmannosamine, the acetylated derivative of mannosamine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose. [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732]


N-acetylneuraminate biosynthesis
N-acetylneuraminate synthesis
N-acetylneuraminate anabolism
N-acetylneuraminate formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-acetylneuraminate, the anion of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid. [ISBN:0198506732]


CMP-N-acetylneuraminate anabolism
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate biosynthesis
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate formation
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CMP-N-acetylneuraminate, a substance composed of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid in glycosidic linkage with cytidine monophosphate. [GOC:ai]


UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine synthesis
UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine anabolism
UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine formation
UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate. [GOC:ai]


amino sugar degradation
aminosaccharide catabolism
amino sugar breakdown
amino sugar catabolism
aminosaccharide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any amino sugar, sugars containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group. [GOC:curators]


fructosamine breakdown
fructosamine degradation
fructosamine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructosamine, a fructose molecule containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0192801023]


glucosamine catabolism
chitosamine catabolic process
glucosamine breakdown
chitosamine catabolism
glucosamine degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranose), an aminodeoxysugar that occurs in combined form in chitin. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


N-acetylglucosamine catabolism
N-acetylglucosamine breakdown
N-acetylglucosamine degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylglucosamine. The D isomer is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide group of a glycoprotein. [ISBN:0198506732]


UDP-N-acetylglucosamine catabolism
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine degradation
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate. [GOC:ai]


mannosamine degradation
mannosamine breakdown
mannosamine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannosomine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose; the D-isomer is a constituent of neuraminic acids as well as mucolipids and mucoproteins. [GOC:curators]


N-acetylmannosamine catabolism
N-acetylmannosamine degradation
N-acetylmannosamine breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylmannosamine, the acetylated derivative of mannosamine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose. [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732]


N-acetylneuraminate degradation
N-acetylneuraminate catabolism
N-acetylneuraminate breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylneuraminate, the anion of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid. [ISBN:0198506732]


UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine breakdown
UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine degradation
UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructosamine, a fructose molecule containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0192801023]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructoseglycine, a fructose molecule containing a glycine group in place of a hydroxyl group. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructoselysine, a fructose molecule containing a lysine group in place of a hydroxyl group. [GOC:ai]


glucosamine-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranose), an aminodeoxysugar that occurs in combined form in chitin. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acetylglucosamine. The D isomer is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide group of a glycoprotein. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannosomine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose; the D-isomer is a constituent of neuraminic acids as well as mucolipids and mucoproteins. [GOC:curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acetylmannosamine, the acetylated derivative of mannosamine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose. [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732]


sialic acid metabolic process
N-acetylneuraminate metabolism
sialic acid metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acetylneuraminate, the anion of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving CMP-N-acetylneuraminate, a substance composed of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid in glycosidic linkage with cytidine monophosphate. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate. [GOC:ai]


GABA metabolism
4-aminobutanoate metabolism
GABA metabolic process
4-aminobutyrate metabolism
4-aminobutyrate metabolic process
4-aminobutanoate metabolic process
gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolism

gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages. [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732]


aminoglycan biosynthesis
aminoglycan anabolism
aminoglycan formation
aminoglycan synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages. [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732]


galactosaminoglycan anabolism
galactosaminoglycan formation
galactosaminoglycan synthesis
galactosaminoglycan biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars derived from the galactose. [GOC:ai]


glycosaminoglycan anabolism
glycosaminoglycan synthesis
glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis
glycosaminoglycan formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars. [ISBN:0192800981]


chondroitin sulphate biosynthetic process

chondroitin sulfate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


chondroitin sulfate B biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dermatan sulfate, any glycosaminoglycan with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


heparin biosynthesis
heparin formation
heparin anabolism
heparin synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans of average Mr (6000-20000), consisting predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


hyaluronan synthesis
hyaluronan formation
hyaluronan anabolism
hyaluronan biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


keratan sulphate biosynthesis
keratan sulfate anabolism
keratan sulfate biosynthetic process
keratan sulfate synthesis
keratan sulphate biosynthetic process
keratan sulfate formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of keratan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat units consisting of beta-1,4-linked D-galactopyranosyl-beta-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate and with variable amounts of fucose, sialic acid and mannose units; keratan sulfate chains are covalently linked by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylose to peptidyl-threonine or serine residues. [ISBN:0198547684, RESID:AA0247]


aminoglycan catabolism
aminoglycan degradation
aminoglycan breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages. [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732]


galactosaminoglycan breakdown
galactosaminoglycan degradation
galactosaminoglycan catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars derived from the galactose. [GOC:ai]


glycosaminoglycan catabolism
glycosaminoglycan degradation
glycosaminoglycan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosaminoglycans, any one of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars. [ISBN:0192800981]


chondroitin sulfate breakdown
chondroitin sulfate degradation
chondroitin sulfate catabolism
chondroitin sulphate catabolic process
chondroitin sulphate catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


chondroitin sulfate B catabolic process
dermatan sulphate catabolic process
dermatan sulfate breakdown
dermatan sulphate catabolism
dermatan sulfate catabolism
dermatan sulfate degradation
chondroitin sulfate B catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dermatan sulfate, any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


heparin degradation
heparin catabolism
heparin breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans of average Mr (6000-20000), consisting predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


hyaluronan catabolism
hyaluronan breakdown
hyaluronan degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


keratan sulphate catabolic process
keratan sulphate catabolism
keratan sulfate breakdown
keratan sulfate catabolism
keratan sulfate degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of keratan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat units consisting of beta-1,4-linked D-galactopyranosyl-beta-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate and with variable amounts of fucose, sialic acid and mannose units; keratan sulfate chains are covalently linked by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylose to peptidyl-threonine or serine residues. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactosaminoglycans, any one of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars derived from the galactose. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars. [ISBN:0192800981]


chondroitin sulphate metabolism
chondroitin sulphate metabolic process
chondroitin sulfate metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate. They usually occur linked to a protein to form proteoglycans. Two subgroups exist, one in which the sulfate is on the 4-position (chondroitin sulfate A) and the second in which it is in the 6-position (chondroitin sulfate C). They often are polydisperse and often differ in the degree of sulfation from tissue to tissue. The chains of repeating disaccharide are covalently linked to the side chains of serine residues in the polypeptide backbone of a protein by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide unit galactosyl-galactosyl-xylosyl. Chondroitin sulfate B is more usually known as dermatan sulfate. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


protein-chondroitin sulphate linkage via chondroitin sulphate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-serine

protein-chondroitin sulfate linkage via chondroitin sulfate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-serine

Chondroitin sulfate components are covalently linked to a core glycoprotein via O-glycosidic linkages between xylose and serine residues. [RESID:AA0208]


peptide cross-linking via chondroitin 4-sulphate glycosaminoglycan

peptide cross-linking via chondroitin 4-sulfate glycosaminoglycan

The formation of a cross-link between peptide chains mediated by a chondroitin 4-sulfate glycosaminoglycan that originates from a typical O-glycosidic link to serine of one chain; the other chain is esterified, via the alpha-carbon of its C-terminal Asp, to C-6 of an internal N-acetylgalactosamine of the glycosaminoglycan chain. [PMID:1898736, RESID:AA0219]


dermatan sulfate metabolism
dermatan sulphate metabolic process
dermatan sulphate metabolism
chondroitin sulfate B metabolic process
chondroitin sulfate B metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dermatan sulfate, any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units. They are important components of ground substance or intercellular cement of skin and some connective tissues. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans found mainly as an intracellular component of mast cells. They are similar to heparan sulfates but are of somewhat higher average Mr (6000-20000) and contain fewer N-acetyl groups and more N-sulfate and O-sulfate groups; they may be attached in the same manner to protein, forming proteoglycans. They consist predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


keratan sulphate metabolic process
keratan sulphate metabolism
keratan sulfate metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving keratan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat units consisting of beta-1,4-linked D-galactopyranosyl-beta-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate and with variable amounts of fucose, sialic acid and mannose units; keratan sulfate chains are covalently linked by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylose to peptidyl-threonine or serine residues. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells involving any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0395825172]

cellular biogenic amine metabolic process


betaine metabolism
betaine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any betaine, the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


vitamin Bt metabolism
vitamin Bt metabolic process
carnitine metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving carnitine, where metabolism is linked to CoA. [GOC:go_curators]


ethanolamine and derivative metabolic process

ethanolamine-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol) and compounds derived from it. [GOC:mah]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0192801023]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group. [GOC:curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine). [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotianamine, 2(S),3'2(S),3''(S)-N-(N-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid. [GOC:mah, PMID:10069850]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane; putrescine can be formed by decarboxylation of ornithine and is the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving nor-spermidine, a compound related to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving trypanothione (N1,N6,-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine), an essential redox intermediate in intracellular thiol redox regulation which also plays a role in protecting against oxidative stress. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving spermine, a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses, which is involved in nucleic acid packaging. Synthesis is regulated by ornithine decarboxylase which plays a key role in control of DNA replication. [GOC:curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, largely thyroxine and triiodothyronine. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


The formation of either of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, mainly thyroxine and triiodothyronine. This is achieved by the iodination and joining of tyrosine molecules to form the precursor thyroglobin, proteolysis of this precursor gives rise to the thyroid hormones. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0716720094]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving creatine (N-(aminoiminomethyl)-N-methylglycine), a compound synthesized from the amino acids arginine, glycine, and methionine that occurs in muscle. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0192801023]


creatine biosynthesis
creatine anabolism
creatine formation
creatine synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of creatine, N-[amino(imino)methyl]-N-methylglycine. Creatine is formed by a process beginning with amidino group transfer from L-arginine to glycine to form guanidinoacetate, followed by methyl group transfer from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to guanidinoacetate; it is then is phosphorylated to form a pool that stores high energy phosphate for the replenishment of ATP during periods of high, or fluctuating energy demand. In animals, most creatine is transported to and used in muscle. [GOC:mah, MetaCyc:GLYCGREAT-PWY, MetaCyc:PWY-6158]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving creatinine, 2-amino-1,5-dihydro-1-methyl-4H-imidazol-4-one, an end product of creatine metabolism and a normal constituent of urine. [ISBN:0198506732]


creatinine breakdown
creatinine degradation
creatinine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of creatinine, 2-amino-1,5-dihydro-1-methyl-4H-imidazol-4-one, an end product of creatine metabolism and a normal constituent of urine. [ISBN:0198506732]


creatinine breakdown to formate
creatinine degradation to formate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of creatinine into other compounds, including formate. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators. [ISBN:0387969845]


cytokinin biosynthesis
cytokinin synthesis
cytokinin anabolism
cytokinin formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators. [ISBN:0387969845]


cytokinin catabolism
cytokinin degradation
cytokinin breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as plant growth regulators. [GOC:lr]


desthiobiotin metabolic process
desthiobiotin metabolism
dethiobiotin metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dethiobiotin, a derivative of biotin formed by replacing the sulfur atom by two hydrogen atoms. [ISBN:0198506732]


dethiobiotin formation
desthiobiotin biosynthesis
dethiobiotin biosynthesis
dethiobiotin synthesis
dethiobiotin anabolism
desthiobiotin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dethiobiotin, a derivative of biotin in which the sulfur atom has been replaced by two hydrogen atoms. [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving diaminopimelate, the anion of the dicarboxylic acid 2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid. It is an intermediate in lysine biosynthesis and as a component (as meso-diaminopimelate) of the peptidoglycan of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls. [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732]


methylammonium metabolism
methylammonium metabolic process
methylamine metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methylamine (CH3NH2). [ISBN:0721662544]


p-aminobenzoic acid metabolism
4-aminobenzoic acid metabolic process
PABA metabolism
vitamin Bx metabolism
4-aminobenzoic acid metabolism
PABA metabolic process
p-aminobenzoic acid metabolic process
para-aminobenzoic acid metabolism
vitamin Bx metabolic process

para-aminobenzoic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving para-aminobenzoic acid, an intermediate in the synthesis of folic acid, a compound which some organisms, e.g. prokaryotes, eukaryotic microbes, and plants, can synthesize de novo. Others, notably mammals, cannot. In yeast, it is present as a factor in the B complex of vitamins. [ISBN:0198506732, PMID:11377864, PMID:11960743]


4-aminobenzoic acid biosynthetic process

p-aminobenzoic acid biosynthetic process

para-aminobenzoic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of para-aminobenzoic acid, an intermediate in the synthesis of folic acid, a compound which some organisms, e.g. prokaryotes, eukaryotic microbes, and plants, can synthesize de novo. Others, notably mammals, cannot. In yeast, it is present as a factor in the B complex of vitamins. [ISBN:0198506732, MetaCyc:PWY-6543, PMID:11377864, PMID:11960743]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine. It is a major structural phospholipid in mammalian systems. It tends to be more abundant than phosphatidylcholine in the internal membranes of the cell and is an abundant component of prokaryotic membranes. [GOC:curators, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine (PMME), a derivative of phosphatidylethanolamine with a methylated amine group. Present in trace levels in plants and slightly higher in bacteria. [http://www.lipid.co.uk]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly-N-acetyllactosamine, a carbohydrate composed of N-acetyllactosamine repeats (Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-beta-1,3)n. [GOC:mah, PMID:9405606]


poly-N-acetyllactosamine biosynthesis
poly-N-acetyllactosamine anabolism
poly-N-acetyllactosamine formation
poly-N-acetyllactosamine synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-N-acetyllactosamine, a carbohydrate composed of N-acetyllactosamine repeats (Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-beta-1,3)n. [GOC:mah, PMID:9405606]


poly-N-acetyllactosamine degradation
poly-N-acetyllactosamine breakdown
poly-N-acetyllactosamine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of poly-N-acetyllactosamine, a carbohydrate composed of N-acetyllactosamine repeats (Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-beta-1,3)n. [GOC:mah, PMID:9405606]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-adenosylmethioninamine, (5-deoxy-5-adenosyl)(3-aminopropyl) methylsulfonium salt. [GOC:mah, MetaCyc:S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINAMINE]


cellular amino acid derivative metabolic process

cellular amino acid derivative metabolism

cellular modified amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving aerobactin (C22H36N4O13), a hydroxamate iron transport compound. It is a conjugate of 6-(N-acetyl-N-hydroxylamine)-2-aminohexanoic acid and citric acid. [GOC:ai]


cellular amino acid derivative synthesis

cellular amino acid derivative formation

cellular amino acid derivative biosynthetic process

cellular amino acid derivative biosynthesis

cellular modified amino acid biosynthesis

cellular amino acid derivative anabolism

cellular modified amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents. [GOC:ai]


hypusine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-lysine

peptidyl-lysine modification to peptidyl-hypusine

The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form hypusine, peptidyl-N6-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-L-lysine. [GOC:ma, ISBN:0198547684, RESID:AA0116]


phenylpropanoid formation
phenylpropanoid biosynthesis
phenylpropanoid synthesis
phenylpropanoid anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic derivatives of trans-cinnamic acid. [GOC:jl]


chalcone anabolism
chalcone biosynthesis
chalcone formation
chalcone synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chalcone, phenyl steryl ketone or its hydroxylated derivatives. [GOC:go_curators]


phenylpropenoic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid. [GOC:jl]


cinnamylic acid ester biosynthetic process

phenylacrylic acid ester biosynthetic process

cinnamic acid ester biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ester derivatives of cinnamic acid, phenylpropenoic acid. [GOC:jl]


flavonoid formation
flavonoid synthesis
flavonoid biosynthesis
flavonoid anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoids, a group of phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton. [GOC:tair_curators, ISBN:0198547684]


anthocyanin synthesis
anthocyanin anabolism
anthocyanin biosynthesis
anthocyanin formation
anthocyanin biosynthetic process

anthocyanin-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of anthocyanins, any member of a group of intensely colored soluble glycosides of anthocyanidins. [GOC:ai]


flavonoid phytoalexin biosynthesis
flavonoid phytoalexin synthesis
flavonoid phytoalexin anabolism
flavonoid phytoalexin formation

flavonoid phytoalexin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton, which possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection. [ISBN:0198506732]


isoflavonoid biosynthesis
isoflavonoid anabolism
isoflavonoid synthesis
isoflavonoid formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoflavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives, isomeric with flavonoids. [GOC:ai]


lignan anabolism
lignan formation
lignan synthesis
lignan biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lignans, any member of a class of plant metabolites related to lignins. Lignans are usually found as phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropanoid units are linked tail to tail and thus having a 2,3 dibenzylbutane skeleton, but higher oligomers can also exist. [GOC:jl, PMID:10074466]


lignin anabolism
lignin synthesis
lignin biosynthesis
lignin formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lignins, a class of polymers formed by the dehydrogenetive radical polymerization of various phenylpropanoid monomers. [GOC:tair_curators, ISBN:0198547684]


stilbene synthesis
stilbene biosynthesis
stilbene formation
stilbene anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of stilbenes, a class of polyketide compounds formed from cinnamic acid and three molecules of malonyl CoA. [GOC:tair_curators, ISBN:3110116251]


phosphagen formation
phosphagen biosynthesis
phosphagen synthesis
phosphagen anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphagen, any of a group of guanidine phosphates that occur in muscle and can be used to regenerate ATP from ADP during muscular contraction. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


phosphoarginine synthesis
phosphoarginine biosynthesis
phosphoarginine formation
phosphoarginine anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphoarginine, a phosphorylated derivative of the amino acid arginine. [GOC:ai]


phosphocreatine biosynthesis
phosphocreatine anabolism
phosphocreatine formation
phosphocreatine synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphocreatine, a phosphagen of creatine which is synthesized and broken down by creatine phosphokinase. [GOC:ai]


prenylcysteine synthesis
prenylcysteine formation
prenylcysteine anabolism
prenylcysteine biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prenylcysteine, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl-cysteine, a derivative of the amino acid cysteine formed by the covalent addition of a prenyl residue. [GOC:ai]


stachydrine anabolism
stachydrine biosynthesis
stachydrine formation
stachydrine synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of stachydrine, N-methylproline methylbetaine, the betaine derivative of L-proline. [GOC:ai]


taurine formation
taurine synthesis
taurine anabolism
taurine biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198600461]


Z-phenylacetaldoxime anabolism
Z-phenylacetaldoxime formation
Z-phenylacetaldoxime biosynthesis
Z-phenylacetaldoxime synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of Z-phenylacetaldoxime, a member of the glucosinolate group of compounds. [GOC:ai]


cellular amino acid derivative breakdown

cellular modified amino acid degradation

cellular amino acid derivative degradation

cellular amino acid derivative catabolism

cellular amino acid derivative catabolic process

cellular modified amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents. [GOC:ai]


ethylene catabolism
ethene catabolism
ethylene degradation
ethylene breakdown
ethene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0387969845]


nopaline catabolism
nopaline degradation
nopaline breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nopaline (N-(I-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)glutamic acid), a rare amino-acid derivative. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


octopine breakdown
octopine catabolism
octopine degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octopine (N-(1-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)-L-alanine), an amino acid derived opine. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


phenylpropanoid catabolism
phenylpropanoid breakdown
phenylpropanoid degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic derivatives of trans-cinnamic acid. [GOC:ai]


chalcone degradation
chalcone catabolism
chalcone breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chalcone, phenyl steryl ketone or its hydroxylated derivatives. [GOC:ai]


phenylacrylic acid catabolism
phenylacrylic acid catabolic process
cinnamic acid catabolism
cinnamic acid breakdown
cinnamylic acid catabolism
cinnamylic acid catabolic process
cinnamic acid degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid. [GOC:ai]


cinnamic acid ester catabolism
cinnamic acid ester degradation
cinnamic acid ester breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ester derivatives of cinnamic acid, phenylpropenoic acid. [GOC:ai]


flavonoid catabolism
flavonoid degradation
flavonoid breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of flavonoids, a group of phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton. [GOC:ai]


anthocyanin catabolic process
anthocyanin catabolism
anthocyanin breakdown
anthocyanin degradation

anthocyanin-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of anthocyanins, any member of a group of intensely colored soluble glycosides of anthocyanidins. [GOC:ai]


flavonoid phytoalexin catabolism
flavonoid phytoalexin breakdown
flavonoid phytoalexin degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of flavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton, which possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection. [GOC:ai]


isoflavonoid phytoalexin degradation
isoflavonoid phytoalexin catabolism
isoflavonoid phytoalexin breakdown

isoflavonoid phytoalexin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoflavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives isomeric with flavonoids that possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection. [GOC:ai]


isoflavonoid catabolism
isoflavonoid degradation
isoflavonoid breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoflavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives, isomeric with flavonoids. [GOC:ai]


lignan degradation
lignan breakdown
lignan catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lignans, any member of a class of plant metabolites related to lignins. Lignans are usually found as phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropanoid units are linked tail to tail and thus having a 2,3 dibenzylbutane skeleton, but higher oligomers can also exist. [GOC:jl, PMID:10074466]


lignin degradation
lignin catabolism
lignin breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lignins, a class of polymers of phenylpropanoid units. [GOC:ai]


stilbene degradation
stilbene breakdown
stilbene catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of stilbenes, a class of polyketide compounds formed from cinnamic acid and three molecules of malonyl CoA. [GOC:ai]


phosphagen degradation
phosphagen breakdown
phosphagen catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphagen, any of a group of guanidine phosphates that occur in muscle and can be used to regenerate ATP from ADP during muscular contraction. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


phosphoarginine catabolism
phosphoarginine degradation
phosphoarginine breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphoarginine, a phosphorylated derivative of the amino acid arginine. [GOC:ai]


phosphocreatine degradation
phosphocreatine breakdown
phosphocreatine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphocreatine, a phosphagen of creatine which is synthesized and broken down by creatine phosphokinase. [GOC:ai]


prenylcysteine degradation
prenylcysteine catabolism
prenylcysteine breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prenylcysteine, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl-cysteine, a derivative of the amino acid cysteine formed by the covalent addition of a prenyl residue. [GOC:ai]


stachydrine degradation
stachydrine breakdown
stachydrine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of stachydrine, N-methylproline methylbetaine, the betaine derivative of L-proline. [GOC:ai]


taurine degradation
taurine catabolism
taurine breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198600461]


Z-phenylacetaldoxime degradation
Z-phenylacetaldoxime breakdown
Z-phenylacetaldoxime catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of Z-phenylacetaldoxime, a member of the glucosinolate group of compounds. [GOC:ai]


ethylene metabolism
ethene metabolism
ethene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator. [ISBN:0387969845]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving hypusine, N6-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-L-lysine. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving nopaline, (N-(I-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)glutamic acid), a rare amino-acid derivative. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving octopine, (N-(1-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)-L-alanine), an amino acid derived opine. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic derivatives of trans-cinnamic acid. [GOC:jl]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving chalcones, phenyl steryl ketone or its hydroxylated derivatives. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving ester derivatives of cinnamic acid, phenylpropenoic acid. [GOC:lr, GOC:yl]


phenylacrylic acid metabolism
phenylpropenoic acid metabolic process
cinnamylic acid metabolism
cinnamylic acid metabolic process
phenylacrylic acid metabolic process
phenylpropenoic acid metabolism
cinnamic acid metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid. [GOC:jl]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton including flavones, flavonols and flavanoids, and anthocyanins. [GOC:tair_curators, ISBN:0198547684]


anthocyanin metabolism
anthocyanin metabolic process

anthocyanin-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving anthocyanins, any member of a group of intensely colored soluble glycosides of anthocyanidins that occur in plants. They are responsible from most of the scarlet, purple, mauve and blue coloring in higher plants, especially of flowers. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton, which possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection. [ISBN:0198506732]


isoflavonoid phytoalexin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoflavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives isomeric with flavonoids that possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoflavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives, isomeric with flavonoids, containing a flavan skeleton. They are differentiated from flavonoids by the point of attachment of the aromatic ring group. [GOC:ai, PMID:15734910]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving lignans, any member of a class of plant metabolites related to lignins. Lignans are usually found as phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropanoid units are linked tail to tail and thus having a 2,3 dibenzylbutane skeleton, but higher oligomers can also exist. [GOC:jl, PMID:10074466]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving lignins, a class of polymers of phenylpropanoid units. [GOC:lr, GOC:yl]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving stilbenes, a class of polyketides formed from a molecule of cinnamic acid and three molecules of malonyl-CoA. [ISBN:3110116251]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphagen, any of a group of guanidine phosphates that occur in muscle and can be used to regenerate ATP from ADP during muscular contraction. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphoarginine, a phosphagen of L-arginine with phosphoric acid containing the phosphoamide bond. It is a source of energy in the contraction of muscle in invertebrates, corresponding to phosphocreatine in the muscles of vertebrates. [GOC:curators, PMID:16371597]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphocreatine, a phosphagen of creatine present in high concentration in striated muscle which is synthesized and broken down by creatine phosphokinase to buffer ATP concentration. It acts as an immediate energy reserve for muscle. [PMID:16371597]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving prenylcysteine, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl-cysteine, a derivative of the amino acid cysteine formed by the covalent addition of a prenyl residue. [GOC:ai, PMID:16627894]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-adenosylhomocysteine; the L-enantiomer is formed from S-adenosylmethionine and is a strong inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine-mediated methylation reactions. It can be cleaved to form adenosine and homocysteine. [ISBN:0198506732]


SAM metabolic process
S-adenosyl methionine metabolism
S-adenosylmethionine metabolism
S-adenosyl methionine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving stachydrine, N-methylproline methylbetaine, the betaine derivative of L-proline found in alfalfa, chrysanthemum, and citrus plants. [GOC:curators, MetaCyc:CPD-821]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198600461]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving Z-phenylacetaldoxime, a member of the glucosinolate group of compounds, a class of natural products that are gaining increasing interest as cancer-preventing agents and crop protectants. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:car]


cellular aromatic compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic compounds, any organic compound characterized by one or more planar rings, each of which contains conjugated double bonds and delocalized pi electrons, as carried out by individual cells. [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732]


aromatic compound synthesis
aromatic compound biosynthesis
aromatic compound anabolism
aromatic compound formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring. [GOC:ai]


coumarin formation
coumarin anabolism
coumarin biosynthesis
coumarin synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coumarins, a class of compounds derived from the phenylacrylic skeleton of cinnamic acids. [GOC:lr, GOC:yl]


ectoine anabolism
ectoine biosynthesis
ectoine formation
ectoine synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid), a tetrahydropyrimidine commonly synthesized by halophilic bacteria. [GOC:jl, PMID:11823218]


mandelate biosynthesis
mandelate anabolism
mandelate formation
mandelate synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mandelate, the anion of mandelic acid. Mandelic acid (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid) is an 8-carbon alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that is used in organic chemistry and as a urinary antiseptic. [GOC:ai]


pteridine-containing compound biosynthetic process

pteridine and derivative biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


folate biosynthetic process
folic acid formation
folic acid biosynthetic process
vitamin M biosynthesis
folic acid synthesis
folate biosynthesis
vitamin B9 biosynthesis
folic acid anabolism
folic acid biosynthesis
vitamin B9 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid. [GOC:ai]


Moco biosynthesis
Moco biosynthetic process
Mo-molybdopterin cofactor formation
Mo-molybdopterin cofactor synthesis
Mo-molybdopterin cofactor biosynthesis
Mo-molybdopterin cofactor anabolism

Mo-molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the Mo-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo) ion coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands. [http://www.sunysb.edu/biochem/BIOCHEM/facultypages/schindelin/, ISSN:09498257, PMID:22370186, PMID:23201473]


pterin biosynthesis
pteridine synthesis
pteridine biosynthetic process
pterin biosynthetic process
pteridine formation
pteridine biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pteridine, pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine), the parent structure of pterins and the pteroyl group. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrobiopterin, the reduced form of biopterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pteridine). It functions as a hydroxylation coenzyme, e.g. in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. [ISBN:0198506732]


W-molybdopterin cofactor formation
W-molybdopterin cofactor biosynthesis
W-molybdopterin cofactor anabolism
W-molybdopterin cofactor synthesis

W-molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the W-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear tungsten ion (W) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands. [ISSN:09498257]