trehalose transport in response to water deprivation

The directed movement of trehalose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore, that occurs as a result of deprivation of water. [GOC:mah]


trehalose transport in response to desiccation

The directed movement of trehalose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore, that occurs as a result of a desiccation stimulus. A desiccation stimulus signals extreme dryness resulting from the prolonged deprivation of water. [GOC:mah]


host cell virion assembly compartment
viral assembly compartment
virion assembly compartment

A membrane-bounded compartment that forms in the cytoplasm of the host cell, in which virus assembly takes place. [GOC:BHF, PMID:20374631]


Rho-associated protein kinase activity
ROCK kinase activity

Rho-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity

Rho GTPase-dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. [GOC:ecd, PMID:12778124, PMID:20230755]


The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seminiferous tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Seminiferous tubules are ducts located in the testicles, and are the specific location of meiosis, and the subsequent creation of gametes, namely spermatozoa. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, UBERON:0001343]


purine and derivative metabolic process
purine-containing compound metabolism

purine-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof. [GOC:mah]


purine and derivative biosynthetic process

purine-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof. [GOC:mah]


purine and derivative catabolic process
purine-containing compound catabolism
purine-containing compound breakdown
purine-containing compound degradation

purine-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof. [GOC:mah]


pyridine and derivative metabolic process

pyridine-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof. [GOC:mah]


pyridine and derivative biosynthetic process

pyridine-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof. [GOC:mah]


pyridine and derivative catabolic process

pyridine-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof. [GOC:mah]


pyrimidine and derivative metabolic process

pyrimidine-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof. [GOC:mah]


pyrimidine and derivative biosynthetic process

pyrimidine-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof. [GOC:mah]


pyrimidine and derivative catabolic process

pyrimidine-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof. [GOC:mah]


purine-containing compound membrane transport

purine-containing compound transmembrane transport

The process in which a purine-containing compound is transported across a membrane. A purine-containing compound is any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof. [GOC:mah]


pyrimidine-containing compound membrane transport

pyrimidine-containing compound transmembrane transport

The process in which a pyrimidine-containing compound is transported across a membrane. A pyrimidine-containing compound is any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof. [GOC:mah]


tri-(feruloyl or hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the meta-hydroxylation of any of the three phenolic rings on triferuloyl spermidine or any of its mono- or di-(hydroxyferuloyl)-spermidine derivatives. [GOC:kad, PMID:19779199]


tri-(coumaroyl or caffeoyl) spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the meta-hydroxylation of any of the three phenolic rings on tricoumaroyl spermidine or any of its mono- or dicaffeoyl spermidine derivatives. [GOC:kad, PMID:19779199]


A dense extracellular matrix (ECM) that forms around many neuronal cell bodies and dendrites late in development and is responsible for synaptic stabilization in the adult brain. [GOC:sl, PMID:18364019]


tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 production

tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production

The appearance of tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11; RANKL) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]


interleukin-23 receptor complex location

A protein complex that binds interleukin-23 and that consists of, at a minimum, a dimeric interleukin and its two receptor subunits as well as optional additional kinase subunits. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, PMID:12023369]


A change in the morphology or behavior of a fibroblast resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. [CL:0000057, GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]


An immune response which is associated with resistance to intracellular bacteria with a key role in inflammation and tissue injury. This immune response is associated with pathological autoimmune conditions such as multiple sclerosis, arthritis and psoriasis which is typically orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines by T-helper 17 cells, most notably interleukin-17, IL-21 and IL-22. [GOC:BHF, GOC:ebc]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires the specialized features of a T-helper 17 (Th17) cell. A Th17 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive that produces IL-17. [CL:0000899, GOC:BHF, GOC:ebc]


T-helper 17 cell fate commitment
Th17 cell lineage commitment
Th17 fate commitment

The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper 17 cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive that produces IL-17. [CL:0000899, GOC:BHF, GOC:ebc]


Catalysis of the reaction: [protein]-dithiol + ONOO- = [protein]-disulfide + NO2- + H2O. [GOC:rs, PMID:11001062]


Binds to and increases the activity of a protein phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a protein substrate molecule. [GOC:mah]


protein phosphatase type 2A activator activity


Binding to L-DOPA, the modified amino acid (2S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid. [GOC:mah, GOC:vw]


Binding to 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid. [GOC:mah]


endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex location


tricoumaroyl spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tricoumaroyl spermidine + NADPH + O2 = dicoumaroyl monocaffeoyl spermidine + NADP+ + H2O. [GOC:kad, PMID:19779199]


dicoumaroyl monocaffeoyl spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dicoumaroyl monocaffeoyl spermidine + NADPH + O2 = monocoumaroyl dicaffeoyl spermidine + NADP+ + H2O. [GOC:kad, PMID:19779199]


monocoumaroyl dicaffeoyl spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: monocoumaroyl dicaffeoyl spermidine + NADPH + O2 = tricaffeoyl spermidine + NADP+ + H2O. [GOC:kad, PMID:19779199]


triferuloyl spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: triferuloyl spermidine + NADPH + O2 = diferuloyl mono-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADP+ + H2O. [GOC:kad, PMID:19779199]


diferuloyl mono-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diferuloyl mono-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADPH + O2 = monoferuloyl di-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADP+ + H2O. [GOC:kad, PMID:19779199]


monoferuloyl di-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: monoferuloyl di-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADPH + O2 = tri-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADP+ + H2O. [GOC:kad, PMID:19779199]


terminal bouton organization
bouton organization
terminal button organisation
synaptic bouton organization
presynaptic bouton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a terminal button. A terminal button is the terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]


The process in which a developing blood vessel forms an endothelial lumen through which blood will flow. [GOC:dsf, PMID:16799567, PMID:20926893]


17-beta-ketosteroid reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 17-beta-ketosteroid + NADPH + H+ = a 17-beta-hydroxysteroid + NADP+. [GOC:kad, PMID:17074428]


An inflammasome complex that consists of three components, IPAF, NAIP and caspase-1, and includes among its functions the sensing of flagellin derived from Legionella pneumophila, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Shigella flexneri. [GOC:add, GOC:BHF, GOC:vp, PMID:20303873]


NALP1 inflammasome complex
NALP1 inflammasome complex location
NLRP1 inflammasome complex location

An inflammasome complex that consists of two components, NLRP1 (NALP1) and caspase-1 or caspase-5. The exact mechanisms of NLRP1 activation remain obscure, but potassium ion efflux appears to be essential. [GOC:add, GOC:BHF, GOC:vp, PMID:20303873]


NLRP3 inflammasome complex location
NALP3 inflammasome complex
NALP3 inflammasome complex location

An inflammasome complex that consists of three components, NLRP3 (NALP3), PYCARD and caspase-1. It is activated upon exposure to whole pathogens, as well as a number of structurally diverse pathogen- and danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs) and environmental irritants. Whole pathogens demonstrated to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome complex include the fungi Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacteria that produce pore-forming toxins, including Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus, and viruses such as Sendai virus, adenovirus, and influenza virus. [GOC:add, GOC:BHF, GOC:vp, PMID:20303873]


pancreatic beta cell maturation
pancreatic B cell maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a type B pancreatic cell to attain its fully functional state. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin. [CL:0000169, GOC:BHF]


A phospholipid microvesicle that is derived from any of several cell types, such as platelets, blood cells, endothelial cells, or others, and contains membrane receptors as well as other proteins characteristic of the parental cell. Microparticles are heterogeneous in size, and are characterized as microvesicles free of nucleic acids. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, PMID:16373184]


A blood microparticle that is derived from, and contains membrane receptors as well as other proteins characteristic of, an endothelial cell. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, PMID:16373184]


microparticle release
microparticle generation

The cellular component organization process in which microparticles bud off from a parent cell. A microparticle is a phospholipid microvesicle that is derived from any of several cell types, such as platelets, blood cells, endothelial cells, or others, and contains membrane receptors as well as other proteins characteristic of the parental cell. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, PMID:16373184]


endothelial microparticle release
endothelial microparticle generation

The cellular component organization process in which microparticles bud off from an endothelial cell. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, PMID:16373184]


keratinocyte derived chemokine production

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]


SCYB2 production
MIP2 production
CXCL2 production
MIP-2 production

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]


Binding to ADP-D-ribose, an ADP-aldose having ribose as the aldose fragment. [GOC:mah, GOC:sart, PMID:20088964]


Binding to monomeric ADP-D-ribose, an ADP-aldose having ribose as the aldose fragment. [GOC:mah, GOC:sart, PMID:20088964]


Binding to polymeric ADP-D-ribose, a polymer that is composed of poly-ADP-D-ribose units linked through 1,2-glycosidic bonds at the ribose ring. [GOC:mah, GOC:sart, PMID:20088964]


tolerance induction to lipopolysaccharide

Tolerance induction directed at lipopolysaccharide antigens. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]


The multiplication or reproduction of hepatocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Hepatocytes form the main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. [CL:0000182, GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]


epithelial cell proliferation involved in liver morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the liver. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the liver are generated and organized. [GOC:mah]


programmed cell death of endothelial cells by apoptosis

programmed cell death, endothelial cells

endothelial cell programmed cell death by apoptosis

Any apoptotic process in an endothelial cell. An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal. [CL:0000115, GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]


neurotransmitter-gated ion channel clustering

The receptor clustering process in which neurotransmitter-gated ion channels are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. [GOC:dsf, PMID:20843816]


The receptor clustering process in which glycine receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. [GOC:dsf, GOC:mah, GOC:pr, PMID:20843816]


The modification of a lysine residue in a protein to produce (2S)-2-amino-6-([(3S)-3,6-diaminohexanoyl]amino)hexanoic acid, and the subsequent hydroxylation of the modified lysine residue. This modification is observed in, and is probably unique to, the prokaryotic translation elongation factor P (EF-P). [GOC:curators, GOC:imk, GOC:mah, PMID:20729861, PMID:22706199, RESID:AA0530, RESID:AA0531]


protein-N6-(L-lysyl)-L-lysine modification to protein-N6-(beta-lysyl)-L-lysine

The modification of an N6-(lysyl)-L-lysine residue in a protein, producing protein-N6-(beta-lysyl)-L-lysine ((2S)-2-amino-6-([(2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoyl]amino)hexanoic acid). This modification is observed in, and is probably unique to, translation elongation factor P (EF-P). [GOC:jsg, GOC:mah, PMID:20729861, RESID:AA0531]


17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 17-beta-hydroxysteroid + NADP+ = a 17-oxosteroid + NADPH + H+. [GOC:kad, PMID:17074428]


clathrin coated pit-dependent endocytosis

An endocytosis process that begins when material is taken up into clathrin-coated pits, which then pinch off to form clathrin-coated endocytic vesicles. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, PMID:18498251, PMID:8970738, PMID:9234965]


caveolae-dependent endocytosis
caveolae-mediated endocytosis
caveolin-dependent endocytosis

An endocytosis process that begins when material is taken up into plasma membrane caveolae, which then pinch off to form endocytic caveolar carriers. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, PMID:17318224, PMID:18498251, PMID:8970738, PMID:9234965]


Catalysis of the reaction: xanthosine + H2O = D-ribose + xanthine. [GOC:kad, MetaCyc:RXN0-363, PMID:21235647]


DNA topoisomerase type II (double strand cut, ATP-hydrolyzing) regulator activity

Binds to and modulates the activity of ATP-hydrolyzing DNA topoisomerase. DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) regulator activity catalyzes a DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving a pair of complementary DNA strands to form a gate through which a second double-stranded DNA segment is passed, after which the severed strands in the first DNA segment are rejoined; product release is coupled to ATP binding and hydrolysis; changes the linking number in multiples of 2. [GOC:mah]


DNA topoisomerase type II (double strand cut, ATP-hydrolyzing) activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of ATP-hydrolyzing DNA topoisomerase. DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) regulator activity catalyzes a DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving a pair of complementary DNA strands to form a gate through which a second double-stranded DNA segment is passed, after which the severed strands in the first DNA segment are rejoined; product release is coupled to ATP binding and hydrolysis; changes the linking number in multiples of 2. [GOC:mah]


A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains an RNA of the box H/ACA type and the four core proteins dyskerin, NOP10, NHP2, and GAR1 (human protein nomenclature). RNA pseudouridylation (isomerization of uridine to pseudouridine) is the major, and most likely the ancestral, function of H/ACA RNPs. Pseudouridylation targets include both large and small ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and small nuclear RNA (U2 snRNA). In addition to these catalytic H/ACA RNPs, a less abundant but more diverse class of structural H/ACA RNPs exists, which does not have pseudouridylation activity. These include the vertebrate telomerase RNP complex. [GOC:BHF, GOC:BHF_telomerase, GOC:jbu, GOC:krc, GOC:mah, GOC:vw, PMID:17284456, PMID:20227365]


nucleoplasmic box H/ACA RNP pseudouridylase complex location

A box H/ACA RNP complex that is located in the Cajal body of the nucleoplasm. In higher eukaryotes, box H/ACA RNP located in Cajal bodies mediate pseudouridylation of spliceosomal snRNAs. [GOC:mah, PMID:17284456, PMID:20227365]


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acetyl-L-aspartate + L-glutamate = ADP + phosphate + N-acetylaspartyl-glutamate. [PMID:20643647, PMID:20657015]


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + citrate + L-glutamate = ADP + phosphate + beta-citryl-L-glutamate. [PMID:20657015]


oxygen metabolism
diatomic oxygen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving diatomic oxygen (O2). [GOC:mah]


ROS metabolic process
reactive oxygen species metabolism

reactive oxygen species metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a reactive oxygen species, any molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of phagocytes, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to biopolymers. [GOC:mah]


establishment of protein localisation to organelle

establishment of protein localization to organelle

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location on or in an organelle. Encompasses establishment of localization in the membrane or lumen of a membrane-bounded organelle. [GOC:mah]


maintenance of protein localisation to organelle

maintenance of protein localization to organelle

maintenance of protein localization in organelle

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location a specific location on or in an organelle, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. Encompasses establishment of localization in the membrane or lumen of a membrane-bounded organelle. [GOC:mah]


establishment of protein localisation to chloroplast

establishment of protein localization to chloroplast

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a chloroplast. [GOC:mah]


maintenance of protein location in chloroplast

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a chloroplast, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. [GOC:mah]


A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a chloroplast. [GOC:ecd]


establishment of protein localisation to endoplasmic reticulum

establishment of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum

establishment of protein localisation to ER

establishment of protein localization to ER

establishment of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the endoplasmic reticulum. [GOC:mah]


IL28A production
interferon lambda 2 production
IL-28A production

The appearance of interleukin-28A due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, PMID:15546383]


IL-28B production
interferon lambda 3 production
IL28B production

The appearance of interleukin-28B due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, PMID:15546383]


IL-29 production
IL29 production
interferon lambda 1 production

The appearance of interleukin-29 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, PMID:15546383]


IL-30 production
interleukin-30 complex production

The appearance of interleukin-30 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=interleukins]


The appearance of interleukin-31 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=interleukins]


The appearance of interleukin-32 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, PMID:23729669]


IL-33 production
IL33 production
NF-HEV production

The appearance of interleukin-33 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, PMID:29778524]


The appearance of interferon-delta due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, PMID:15546383]


The appearance of interferon-epsilon due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, PMID:15546383]


The appearance of interferon-kappa due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, PMID:15546383]


IFN-tau secretion
IFNT production
IFN-tau production

The appearance of interferon-tau due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, PMID:15546383]


The appearance of interferon-omega due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, PMID:15546383]


establishment of protein localization in mitochondrion

establishment of protein localisation to mitochondrion

establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion

The directed movement of a protein to the mitochondrion or a part of the mitochondrion. [GOC:mah]


maintenance of protein location in mitochondrion

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a mitochondrion, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. [GOC:mah]


protein localization in membrane
protein localisation in membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in a membrane. [GOC:mah]


maintenance of protein location in membrane

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a membrane, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. [GOC:mah]


protein localisation in plasma membrane
protein localization in plasma membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane. [GOC:mah]


maintenance of protein location in plasma membrane

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in the plasma membrane, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. [GOC:mah]


A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a peroxisome. [GOC:ecd]


establishment of protein localisation to peroxisome

establishment of protein localization to peroxisome

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a peroxisome. [GOC:mah]


maintenance of protein location in peroxisome

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a peroxisome, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. [GOC:mah]


A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a vacuole. [GOC:ecd]


establishment of protein localisation to vacuole

establishment of protein localization to vacuole

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a vacuole. [GOC:mah]


maintenance of protein location in vacuole

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a vacuole, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. [GOC:mah]


tRNA splicing ligase complex
tRNA-splicing ligase complex location
tRNA splicing ligase complex location

A protein complex that catalyzes the ligation of cleaved pre-tRNAs by directly joining spliced tRNA halves to mature-sized tRNAs by incorporating the precursor-derived splice junction phosphate into the mature tRNA as a canonical 3',5'-phosphodiester. [GOC:sp, PMID:21311021]


mitochondrial tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine modification

The attachment of a carbonyl group and a threonine to the amino group of the adenine residue immediately 3' of the anticodon, in mitochondrial tRNAs that decode ANN codons (where N is any base). [GOC:mcc, PMID:21183954]


mitochondria-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

mitochondria-associated protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteins transported from mitochondria and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation as a response to oxidative stress conditions. [GOC:mcc, PMID:21070972, PMID:21109188]

mitochondrion-associated protein catabolic process


The migration of a neutrophil from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue. [CL:0000775, GOC:BHF]


A process that is carried out at the cellular level and in which the structure of a lamellipodium is organized. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]


A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lamellipodium. A lamellipodium is a thin sheetlike process extended by the leading edge of a crawling fibroblast; contains a dense meshwork of actin filaments. [GOC:als, PMID:16054028]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a multinuclear osteoclast. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue. [CL:0000779, GOC:mah, PMID:12713016]


The plasma membrane fusion process that results in fusion of mononuclear osteoclasts to form a multinuclear osteoclast. [CL:0000092, CL:0000779, GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, PMID:12713016]


The movement of a lymphocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body. [CL:0000542, GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]


The movement of an eosinophil within or between different tissues and organs of the body. [CL:0000771, GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]


T-lymphocyte migration
T lymphocyte migration
T-cell migration

The movement of a T cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body. [CL:0000084, GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]


The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development. [CL:0000893, GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]


extracellular matrix-dependent thymic lymphocyte migration

extracellular matrix-dependent thymocyte migration

The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development, dependent on extracellular matrix components including fibronectin, collagen and laminin. [CL:0000893, GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, PMID:20856819]


extracellular matrix-dependent immature T-cell migration

extracellular matrix-dependent immature T cell migration


extracellular matrix-dependent immature T-lymphocyte migration

extracellular matrix-dependent immature T lymphocyte migration


fibronectin-dependent thymic lymphocyte migration

The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development, dependent on fibronectin in the extracellular matrix. [CL:0000893, GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, PMID:20856819]


fibronectin-dependent immature T-cell migration

fibronectin-dependent immature T cell migration


fibronectin-dependent immature T-lymphocyte migration

fibronectin-dependent immature T lymphocyte migration


The migration of an eosinophil from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue. [CL:0000771, GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]


T lymphocyte extravasation
T-cell extravasation
T-lymphocyte extravasation

The migration of a T cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue. [CL:0000084, GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]


mitochondrial endonucleolytic tRNA 3'-end cleavage

mitochondrial tRNA 3'-end cleavage, endonucleolytic

mitochondrial endonucleolytic tRNA 3'-trailer cleavage

mitochondrial tRNA 3'-trailer cleavage, endonucleolytic

Endonucleolytic cleavage of the 3'-end of the pre-tRNA as part of the process of generating the mature 3'-end of the tRNA in the mitochondrion. [GOC:mah]


MRN complex assembly
RAD50-MRE11-NBN complex assembly
RMX complex assembly
Rad50-Rad32-Nbs1 complex assembly
MRX complex assembly
Rad50 complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an Mre11 complex, a trimeric protein complex that possesses endonuclease activity and is involved in meiotic recombination, DNA repair and checkpoint signaling. [GOC:mah, PMID:19211838]


autophagy of host cells involved in interaction with symbiont


autophagy involved in symbiotic interaction


positive regulation by organism of entry into other organism involved in symbiotic interaction

up-regulation by organism of entry into other organism during symbiotic interaction

up regulation by organism of entry into other organism during symbiotic interaction

upregulation by organism of entry into other organism during symbiotic interaction

positive regulation by organism of entry into other organism during symbiotic interaction


11-hydroxyjasmonic acid sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphonato-5'-adenylyl sulfate + an 11-hydroxyjasmonate <=> adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate + H+ + an 11-hydroxyjasmonate sulfate. [GOC:pz, RHEA:52732]


borate efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of borate from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane. [PMID:18603465]


positive regulation of salicylic acid mediated signalling pathway

positive regulation of salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salicylic acid mediated signal transduction. [PMID:20181750]


regulation of reductive pentose-phosphate cycle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductive pentose-phosphate cycle. [PMID:17031544]


negative regulation of reductive pentose-phosphate cycle

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the reductive pentose-phosphate cycle. [PMID:17031544, PMID:20399532]


negative regulation of C3 photosynthesis


Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). [GOC:DHL, PMID:20478994]


regulation of double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm. Double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm is a type of fertilization where one of the two sperm nuclei from the pollen tube fuses with the egg nucleus to form a 2n zygote, and the other fuses with the two polar nuclei to form the 3n primary endosperm nucleus and then develops into the endosperm. The ploidy level of the 2n zygote and 3n primary endosperm nucleus is determined by the ploidy level of the parents involved. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. [GOC:DHL, PMID:20478994]


The covalent alteration within the mitochondrion of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically. [PMID:20566637]


regulation of plant-type cell wall organisation or biogenesis

regulation of plant-type cell wall organization or biogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving plant-type cell wall organization or biogenesis. Plant-type cell wall organization or biogenesis is a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellulose- and pectin-containing cell wall. [PMID:20530756]


The process in which the zygote irreversibly increases in size in one dimension after fertilization. An example of such a process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. [GOC:tb]


The directed movement of selenate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [PMID:18761637]


auxin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of auxins from one side of a membrane to the other. Auxins are plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth. [PMID:19506555]


regulation of protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity: catalysis of the reaction: protein serine/threonine phosphate + H2O = protein serine/threonine + phosphate. [PMID:19407142]


regulation of protein phosphatase type 2c activity


regulation of nitric oxide metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water. [GOC:DHL]


callose deposition in phloem sieve plate

Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, phloem sieve plate. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls. [PMID:19470642]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stomium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A stomium is a fissure or pore in the anther lobe through which the pollen is released. [GOC:tb]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a karrikin stimulus. Karrikins are signaling molecules in smoke from burning vegetation that trigger seed germination for many angiosperms (flowering plants). [PMID:20351290]


The directed movement of abscisic acid into, out of, within or between cells by means of some external agent such as a transporter or pore. [PMID:20133881]


cellular response to boron deprivation
cellular response to boron starvation

cellular response to boron-containing substance deprivation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of boron obtained from boron-containing substances. [PMID:20059736]


hydrogen peroxide transmembrane transport

The process in which hydrogen peroxide is transported across a membrane. [GOC:tb]


A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lytic vacuole. [PMID:20729380]


lytic vacuole organization and biogenesis


The regionalization process that regulates the coordinated growth and establishes the non-random spatial arrangement of the cells in the petal epidermis. [GOC:tb]


male-female gamete recognition during double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm

The initial contact step made between the male gamete and the female gamete during double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm. An example can be found in Arabidopsis thaliana. [PMID:21123745]


phragmoplast microtubule cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in phragmoplast, a plant cell specific structure that forms during late cytokinesis. Phragmoplast serves as a scaffold for cell plate assembly and subsequent formation of a new cell wall separating the two daughter cells. [PMID:19383896]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of xyloglucan side chains so as to remove unsubstituted D-xylose residues attached to the glucose located at the non-reducing terminus. [PMID:20801759]


A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the plastoglobule. Plastoglobule is a lipoprotein particle present in chloroplasts. They are rich in non-polar lipids (triglycerides, esters) as well as in prenylquinones, plastoquinone and tocopherols. Plastoglobules are often associated with thylakoid membranes, suggesting an exchange of lipids with thylakoids. [PMID:20813909]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-methylguanosine. [GOC:tb]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-methylguanosine. [GOC:tb]


Entry into a dormant state of the symbiont within the host organism. [GOC:jl]


dormancy maintenance of symbiont in host

Any process in which a dormant state is maintained by the symbiont within the host organism. [GOC:jl]


Exit from dormant state, also known as resuscitation, of the symbiont within the host organism. [GOC:jl]


symbiont entry into host cell forming a pathogen-containing vacuole

symbiont entry into host cell forming a parasitophorous vacuole

symbiont entry into host cell forming a symbiont-containing vacuole

entry into host cell by a symbiont-containing vacuole

The invasion by a symbiont of a cell of a host organism, forming a vacuole in which the symbiont resides. The vacuole membrane is formed from lipids and proteins derived from both host and symbiont. Begins when the symbiont attaches on to the host cell membrane which invaginates and deepens as the symbiont enters, and ends when the host cell membrane closes behind the newly-formed vacuole. [GOC:jl, PMID:18665841, PMID:8690024, PMID:9580555]


formation of a symbiont- induced tubovesicular network for nutrient acquisition from host

formation by symbiont of a tubovesicular network for nutrient acquisition from host

formation of tubovesicular network for nutrient acquisition

The assembly of a symbiont-induced complex organelle that comprises of multiple protein and lipid domains for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:pamgo_curators]


A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 6 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K6-linked ubiquitination is involved in DNA repair. [GOC:sp]


A complex, symbiont-induced host-derived organelle that is comprised of multiple protein and lipid domains. [GOC:pamgo_curators]


entry into host via enzymatic degradation of host anatomical structure


entry into host via enzymatic degradation of host cuticle


The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the extracellular matrix. [GOC:jl]


modulation by symbiont of host NF-kappaB-mediated signal transduction pathway

modulation by symbiont of host I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of host NF-kappaB-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:pamgo_curators]


activation by symbiont of host I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade

positive regulation by symbiont of host NF-kappaB-mediated signal transduction pathway

positive regulation by symbiont of host I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade

stimulation by symbiont of host I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade

positive regulation by symbiont of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells mediated signal transduction pathway

up regulation by symbiont of host I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade

up-regulation by symbiont of host I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade

upregulation by symbiont of host I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade

induction by symbiont of host I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host NF-kappaB-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:pamgo_curators]


negative regulation by symbiont of host I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade

suppression by symbiont of host I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host NF-kappaB-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:pamgo_curators]


A projection from a cell or tissue that penetrates the host's cell wall and invaginates the host cell membrane. [GOC:pamgo_curators]


The space between the symbiont plasma membrane and the extrahaustorial membrane of the host. [GOC:pamgo_curators]


The membrane surrounding the symbiont haustorium during symbiosis, derived from the host plasma membrane. [GOC:pamgo_curators]


Highly branched symbiont haustoria within host root cortex cells, responsible for nutrient exchange. [GOC:pamgo_curators]


A host-derived membrane surrounding the symbiont arbuscule during symbiosis. [GOC:pamgo_curators]


The process in which a symbiont organism effects a breakdown of the host organism cuticle. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:jl, GOC:pamgo_curators]


receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein involved in cholesterol transport


G-protein coupled receptor activity, unknown ligand


orphan G protein coupled receptor activity

orphan G-protein coupled receptor activity


Combining with luteinizing hormone (also called lutropin) to initiate a change in cell activity. [ISBN:0198506732, PMID:18848524, PMID:1922095]


melanophore-stimulating hormone receptor activity

melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor activity

melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor activity

Combining with melanocyte-stimulating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity. [GOC:jl, PMID:7581459]


Binding to a phosphatidylinositol, a glycophospholipid with its sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol. [ISBN:0198506732]


DNA unwinding involved in DNA replication

The process in which interchain hydrogen bonds between two strands of DNA are broken or 'melted', generating unpaired template strands for DNA replication. [ISBN:071673706X, ISBN:0815316194]


DNA strand elongation during DNA replication


initiation of transcription, DNA-dependent

initiation of DNA-dependent transcription

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex assembly at promoter

Any process involved in the assembly of the RNA polymerase preinitiation complex (PIC) at the core promoter region of a DNA template, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of RNA from that promoter. The initiation phase includes PIC assembly and the formation of the first few bonds in the RNA chain, including abortive initiation, which occurs when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released. The initiation phase ends just before and does not include promoter clearance, or release, which is the transition between the initiation and elongation phases of transcription. [GOC:jid, GOC:txnOH, PMID:18280161]


termination of transcription, DNA-dependent

termination of DNA-dependent transcription

The cellular process that completes DNA-templated transcription; the formation of phosphodiester bonds ceases, the RNA-DNA hybrid dissociates, and RNA polymerase releases the DNA. [GOC:txnOH, ISBN:0716720094, PMID:15020047, PMID:18280161]


The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by an RNA polymerase. [GOC:mah, GOC:txnOH, PMID:15020047, PMID:18280161]


oligosaccharide-lipid intermediate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an oligosaccharide-lipid intermediate, such as a molecule of dolichol-P-man or dolicol-P-Glc used in N-linked glycosylation. [GOC:dph, GOC:hjd, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:pr, GOC:rb]


protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion

The cleavage of peptide bonds in proteins, usually near the N terminus, contributing to the process of import into the mitochondrion. Several different peptidases mediate cleavage of proteins destined for different mitochondrial compartments. [GOC:mcc, PMID:12191769]


mitochondrial protein processing during import


The chemical reactions and pathways involving any 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, the compounds most commonly designated lecithin. [ISBN:0198506732]


drug membrane transport
drug transmembrane transport

The process in which a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it, is transported across a membrane. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical. [GOC:ai, GOC:bf, GOC:krc]


purine base transmembrane transport
purine base transport

The directed movement of purine bases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [ISBN:0198506732]


The initial attachment of a vesicle membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane, that contributes to exocytosis. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, GOC:jid, PMID:22438915]


The modification of actin by addition of ubiquitin groups. [GOC:mah]


spindle assembly involved in male meiosis II

The formation of the spindle during meiosis II of a meiotic cell cycle in males. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:mah]


Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


nucleic acid phosphodiester bond hydrolysis

The nucleic acid metabolic process in which the phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides are cleaved by hydrolysis. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


regulation of methylation-dependent chromatin silencing


positive regulation of methylation-dependent chromatin silencing


negative regulation of methylation-dependent chromatin silencing


regulation of protein amino acid deacetylation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein deacetylation, the removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid. [GOC:tb]


positive regulation of protein amino acid deacetylation

positive regulation of protein deacetylation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein deacetylation, the removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid. [GOC:ecd, PMID:20027304]


regulation of protein targeting to membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein. [GOC:tb]


positive regulation of protein targeting to membrane

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein. [GOC:tb]


negative regulation of protein targeting to membrane

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein. [GOC:tb]


positive regulation of intracellular protein transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells. [GOC:tb]


negative regulation of intracellular protein transport

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells. [GOC:tb]


Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of chylomicron remodeling. Chylomicron remodeling is the acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a chylomicron, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid. [GOC:tb]


positive regulation of chylomicron remodeling

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of chylomicron remodeling. Chylomicron remodeling is the acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a chylomicron, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid. [GOC:BHF]


regulation of chylomicron remnant clearance

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of chylomicron remnant clearance. Chylomicron clearance is the process in which a chylomicron remnant is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis into liver cells and its constituent parts degraded. [GOC:tb]


positive regulation of chylomicron remnant clearance

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of chylomicron remnant clearance. Chylomicron clearance is the process in which a chylomicron remnant is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis into liver cells and its constituent parts degraded. [GOC:BHF]


regulation of superoxide metabolic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of superoxide metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species. [GOC:tb]


prostaglandin secretion involved in immune response

The regulated release of a prostaglandin that contributes to the immune response. Prostaglandins are a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


negative regulation of oxidative phosphorylation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP that accompanies the oxidation of a metabolite through the operation of the respiratory chain. Oxidation of compounds establishes a proton gradient across the membrane, providing the energy for ATP synthesis. [GOC:BHF]


regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behavior

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. [GOC:dph, GOC:kmv, GOC:tb]


positive regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behavior

Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. [GOC:dph, GOC:kmv, GOC:tb]


negative regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behavior

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. [GOC:dph, GOC:kmv, GOC:tb]


Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of olfactory learning. Olfactory learning is any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs in response to (repeated) exposure to an olfactory cue. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


regulation of DNA-dependent DNA replication

regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of DNA-templated DNA replication, the process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


negative regulation of platelet aggregation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules. [GOC:BHF]


The process of closing of stomata, pores in the epidermis of leaves and stems bordered by two guard cells and serving in gas exchange. [GOC:tb]


Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of stomatal closure. Stomatal closure is the process of closing of stomata, pores in the epidermis of leaves and stems bordered by two guard cells and serving in gas exchange. [GOC:tb]


regulation of cell wall 1,3-beta-glucan biosynthetic process


regulation of brown fat cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of brown fat cell differentiation. Brown fat cell differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria. [GOC:tb]


positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of brown fat cell differentiation. Brown fat cell differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria. [GOC:BHF]


regulation of formin-nucleated actin cable assembly

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of formin-nucleated actin cable assembly. Formin-nucleated actin cable assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a formin-nucleated actin cable. A formin-nucleated actin cable is an actin filament bundle that consists of short filaments organized into bundles of uniform polarity, and is nucleated by formins. [GOC:jh, GOC:tb, PMID:12810699, PMID:15923184]


positive regulation of formin-nucleated actin cable assembly

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of formin-nucleated actin cable assembly. Formin-nucleated actin cable assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a formin-nucleated actin cable. A formin-nucleated actin cable is an actin filament bundle that consists of short filaments organized into bundles of uniform polarity, and is nucleated by formins. [GOC:jh, GOC:tb, PMID:12810699, PMID:15923184]


negative regulation of formin-nucleated actin cable assembly

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of formin-nucleated actin cable assembly. Formin-nucleated actin cable assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a formin-nucleated actin cable. A formin-nucleated actin cable is an actin filament bundle that consists of short filaments organized into bundles of uniform polarity, and is nucleated by formins. [GOC:jh, GOC:tb, PMID:12810699, PMID:15923184]


positive regulation of secretion of lysosomal enzymes

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of secretion of lysosomal enzymes, the controlled release of lysosomal enzymes by a cell. [GOC:BHF]


negative regulation of secretion of lysosomal enzymes

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of secretion of lysosomal enzymes, the controlled release of lysosomal enzymes by a cell. [GOC:BHF]


cellular organohalogen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving organohalogen compounds, as carried out by individual cells. [GOC:BHF]


cellular organofluorine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving organofluorine compounds, as carried out by individual cells. [GOC:BHF]


regulation of cellular organohalogen metabolic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving organohalogen compounds, as carried out by individual cells. [GOC:BHF]


regulation of cellular organofluorine metabolic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving organofluorine compounds, as carried out by individual cells. [GOC:BHF]


negative regulation of cellular organohalogen metabolic process

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving organohalogen compounds, as carried out by individual cells. [GOC:BHF]


negative regulation of cellular organofluorine metabolic process

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving organofluorine compounds, as carried out by individual cells. [GOC:BHF]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seedling over time, beginning with seed germination and ending when the first adult leaves emerge. [GOC:tb, PO:0007131]


Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the uptake, from the environment, of nitrates, inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid and the subsequent reduction of nitrate ion to other, less highly oxidized, inorganic nitrogenous substances. [GOC:tb]


Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of polygalacturonase. [GOC:tb]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving auxins, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth. [GOC:tb]


positive regulation of auxin metabolic process

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving auxins, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth. [GOC:tb]


negative regulation of auxin metabolic process

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving auxins, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth. [GOC:tb]


regulation of tryptophan metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid. [GOC:tb]


positive regulation of tryptophan metabolism

positive regulation of tryptophan metabolic process

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid. [GOC:tb]


negative regulation of abscisic acid biosynthesis

negative regulation of abscisic acid biosynthetic process

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of abscisic acid. [GOC:tb]


platelet-derived growth factor production

The appearance of any platelet-derived growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:BHF]


regulation of platelet-derived growth factor production

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the appearance of any platelet-derived growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:BHF]


positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor production

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the appearance of any platelet-derived growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:BHF]


regulation of proteasome core complex assembly

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active 20S proteasome core particle complex that does not contain any regulatory particles. [GOC:dph, GOC:elh, GOC:tb]


Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active proteasome complex. [GOC:dph, GOC:elh, GOC:tb]


Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA molecule to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically. [GOC:dph, GOC:sl, GOC:tb, PMID:14559896]


positive regulation of mRNA modification

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA molecule to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically. [GOC:dph, GOC:sl, GOC:tb]


negative regulation of mRNA modification

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA molecule to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically. [GOC:dph, GOC:sl, GOC:tb]


regulation of ornithine metabolic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis. [GOC:dph, GOC:jp, GOC:tb]


ornithine carbamoyltransferase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of ornithine carbamoyltransferase. [GOC:dph, GOC:jp, GOC:tb]


negative regulation of cholesterol efflux

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, GOC:yaf]


Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of glycerol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:dph, GOC:jh, GOC:tb]


positive regulation of glycerol transport

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of glycerol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:dph, GOC:jh, GOC:tb]


negative regulation of glycerol transport

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of glycerol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:dph, GOC:jh, GOC:tb]


The process in which an oligopeptide is transported out of the mitochondrial matrix. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages. [PMID:11251115]


negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron deficiency

negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron ion starvation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of deprivation of iron ions. [GOC:tb]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized epidermal cell acquires the specialized features of a seed trichome. A seed trichome is a trichome that develops from seed coat epidermis and is often long with putative dispersal function. [GOC:tb, PMID:17905721]


The process in which the developmental fate of an epidermal cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a seed trichome, causing a change in the orientation of cell division in the ovule epidermis at or just before anthesis. [PMID:17905721]


The process in which a seed trichome irreversibly increases in size in one [spatial] dimension or along one axis, resulting in the morphogenesis of the cell. [GOC:tb]


secondary cell wall biosynthesis involved in seed trichome differentiation

secondary cell wall biogenesis involved in seed trichome differentiation

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of inextensible cellulose- and pectin-containing cell walls that are formed between the plasma membrane and primary cell wall of seed trichomes after cell expansion is complete. [GOC:tb]


seed trichome secondary wall biosynthesis


A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a seed trichome to attain its fully functional state. [GOC:tb]


Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of heart induction. Heart induction is the close range interaction between mesoderm and endoderm or ectoderm that causes cells to change their fates and specify the development of the heart. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the arrangement of constituent parts of a phagosome within a cell. Phagosome maturation begins with endocytosis and formation of the early phagosome and ends with the formation of the hybrid organelle, the phagolysosome. [GOC:kmv, GOC:tb]


Any process that reduces the pH of the phagosome, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion. [GOC:kmv, GOC:tb]


The initial attachment of a phagosome membrane to a lysosome membrane. Docking requires only that the proteins come close enough to interact and adhere. [GOC:kmv, GOC:tb]


The creation of a phagolysosome from a phagosome and a lysosome. [GOC:kmv, GOC:tb]


phagosome maturation involved in apoptotic cell clearance

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the arrangement of constituent parts of a phagosome within a cell and contributes to apoptotic cell clearance. Phagosome maturation begins with endocytosis and formation of the early phagosome and ends with the formation of the hybrid organelle, the phagolysosome. [GOC:kmv, GOC:tb]


phagolysosome assembly involved in apoptotic cell clearance

The process in which a phagosome, a vesicle formed by phagocytosis, fuses with a lysosome as a part of apoptotic cell clearance. [GOC:kmv, GOC:tb]


phagosome-lysosome docking involved in apoptotic cell clearance

The initial attachment of a phagosome membrane to a lysosome membrane that occurs as a part of apoptotic cell clearance. Docking requires only that the proteins come close enough to interact and adhere. [GOC:kmv, GOC:tb]


phagosome-lysosome fusion involved in apoptotic cell clearance

The creation of a phagolysosome from a phagosome and a lysosome as a part of apoptotic cell clearance. [GOC:kmv, GOC:tb]


phagosome acidification involved in apoptotic cell clearance

Any process that reduces the pH of the phagosome, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion, and occurs as a part of apoptotic cell clearance. [GOC:kmv, GOC:tb]


A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly of a granum. A granum is a distinct stack of lamellae seen within chloroplasts. [GOC:tb]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sepal giant cell. A sepal giant cell is a pavement cell that is part of the sepal epidermis and stretches one fifth the length of the sepal with a chromosome content of 16C. [GOC:tb, PMID:20485493]


The process aimed at the progression of a sepal giant cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. [GOC:tb]


negative regulation of excitatory post-synaptic membrane potential

reduction of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential

negative regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential

Any process that prevents the establishment or decreases the extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) which is a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential. [GOC:BHF]


A cell projection that is a short, rounded projection from a plant epidermal cell. [GOC:tb]


A plant cell papilla that is part of a leaf papilla cell. [GOC:tb]


A plant cell papilla that is part of a stigma papilla cell. [GOC:tb]


A cellular senescence process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to environmental factors such as hydrogen peroxide or X-rays. [GOC:BHF]


oxidative stress-induced premature senescence

A cellular senescence process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to oxidative stress, e.g. high levels of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals. [GOC:BHF]


The region at growing end of the pollen tube cell, where polarized growth occurs. [GOC:tb, PO:0025195, PO:0025281]


A cell projection part that is a branch of a unicellular trichome. [GOC:tb, PO:0025537]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the biosynthesis of deoxyribose phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 2-deoxy-erythro-pentose. [GOC:chem_mtg]


The process of loading nitrate into the sieve tube or companion cell of the phloem for long distance transport from source to sink. [GOC:tb]


Binding to a ceramide, a class of lipids composed of sphingosine linked to a fatty acid. Ceramides are a major component of cell membranes. [GOC:sart]


The portion of the mitochondrial inner membrane that is not invaginated to form cristae. The inner boundary membrane lies parallel to the outer membrane. [GOC:mcc, PMID:16054341, PMID:19019989]


Combining with an adipokinetic hormone to initiate a change in cell activity. Adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) are protein or peptide hormones that are important for sugar and fat homeostasis in metazoa. In insects, they mobilize sugar and lipids from the insect fat body during energy-requiring activities such as flight and locomotion. They also contribute to hemolymph sugar homeostasis. [GOC:sart, PMID:11904407]


Binding to an adipokinetic hormone. Adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) are peptide hormones that are involved in the mobilization of sugar and lipids from the insect fat body during energy-requiring activities such as flight and locomotion. They also contribute to hemolymph sugar homeostasis. [GOC:sart, PMID:11904407]


Binding to an adipokinetic hormone receptor. Adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) are peptide hormones that are involved in the mobilization of sugar and lipids from the insect fat body during energy-requiring activities such as flight and locomotion. They also contribute to hemolymph sugar homeostasis. [GOC:sart, PMID:11904407]


regulation of plasma lipoprotein particle levels

Any process involved in the maintenance of internal levels of plasma lipoprotein particles within an organism. [GOC:BHF]


Catalysis of the reaction: (EE)-geranyllinalool + NADPH + O2 = 4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene + NADP+ + 2 H2O. It is unknown whether this reaction proceeds by the direct release of the 4-carbon compound but-1-en-3-one, or whether the substrate is first degraded to C18-farnesylacetone and then cleaved to produce 4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene (TMTT) and acetone. [GOC:kad, MetaCyc:RXN-8620, PMID:21088219]


Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-nerolidol + NADPH + O2 = (3E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene + NADP+ + 2 H2O. It is unknown whether this reaction proceeds by the direct release of the 4-carbon compound but-1-en-3-one, or whether the substrate is first degraded to C11-geranylacetone and then cleaved to produce (3E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene (DMNT) and acetone. [GOC:kad, MetaCyc:RXN-8619, PMID:21088219]


Any process involved in the balance between food intake (energy input) and energy expenditure. [GOC:yaf, PMID:15919751]


eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex. [GOC:BHF, GOC:ebc, PMID:18337562]


cellular response to granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus. [GOC:BHF, GOC:ebc, PMID:7901744]


response to granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus. [GOC:pr]


The volume enclosed by the membrane of a phagocytic vesicle. [GOC:rs]


microtubule-based flagellum cytoplasm
microtubule-based flagellar cytoplasm
cilium cytoplasm
cilial cytoplasm


Binding to a L27 domain of a protein. L27 is composed of conserved negatively charged amino acids and a conserved aromatic amino acid. L27 domains can assemble proteins involved in signaling and establishment and maintenance of cell polarity into complexes by interacting in a heterodimeric manner. [GOC:BHF, PMID:15241471, PMID:17237226, Prosite:PDOC51022]


A renal system process in which proteins are taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures (e.g. protein absorption is observed in nephrocytes in Drosophila, see PMID:23264686). [GOC:yaf, PMID:18431508]


A renal system process in which albumin is taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. [GOC:yaf, PMID:18431508]


neurotransmitter receptor degradation
neurotransmitter receptor catabolism
neurotransmitter receptor breakdown

neurotransmitter receptor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of neurotransmitter receptors. [GOC:kmv]


Binding specifically to a substance (cargo) to deliver it to a COPII transport vesicle. Cargo receptors span a membrane (either the plasma membrane or a vesicle membrane), binding simultaneously to cargo molecules and coat adaptors, to efficiently recruit soluble proteins to nascent vesicles. [GOC:rb, PMID:16957051, PMID:20236934]


lymphocyte migration into lymphoid organs

The movement of a lymphocyte within the lymphatic system into lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes, spleen or Peyer's patches, and its subsequent positioning within defined functional compartments such as sites of cell activation by antigen. [GOC:BHF, GOC:pr, PMID:18379575]


The movement of a lymphocyte within the lymphatic system into a lymph node, and its subsequent positioning within defined functional compartments such as sites of cell activation by antigen. [GOC:BHF, GOC:pr, PMID:18379575]


Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose-6-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone + D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. [GOC:imk, PMID:11120740, PMID:21290439]


A heterotrimeric protein complex formed by the association of MMP7, DLG1 and either LIN7A or LIN7C; regulates the stability and localization of DLG1 to cell junctions. [GOC:BHF, PMID:17237226]


Formation of dendrites, branched cellular projections (or cytoplasmic extension) that are extended from the surface of a dendritic immune cell, and which enable the cell to sample luminal pathogens and increase the surface area for antigen presentation to T cells. [CL:0000451, GOC:BHF, PMID:12200351]


ubiquitin-protein transferase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of a ubiquitin-protein transferase, an enzyme that catalyzes the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to lysine in a substrate protein. [GOC:rb, PMID:18321851]


The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell. A dendritic cell is a leukocyte of dendritic lineage specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation. [CL:0000451, GOC:pr]


mature conventional dendritic cell differentiation

The process in which antigen-activated dendritic cells acquire the specialized features of a mature conventional dendritic cell. Mature conventional dendritic cells upregulate the surface expression of MHC molecules, chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules, and increase the number of dendrites (cytoplasmic protrusions) in preparation for migration to lymphoid organs where they present antigen to T cells. [GOC:BHF, http://www.rndsystems.com/mini_review_detail_objectname_MR02_DendriticCellMat.aspx, PMID:15845453]


regulation of membrane lipid distribution

Any process that modulates the proportions or spatial arrangement of lipids in a cellular membrane. [GOC:mah, PMID:18441123, PMID:20823909]


regulation of plasma membrane sterol distribution

Any process that modulates the proportions or spatial arrangement of sterols in the plasma membrane. [GOC:mah, PMID:18441123, PMID:20823909]


The directed movement of heme out of a cell or organelle. [GOC:lf, PMID:15369674, PMID:20610401]


The portion of endoplasmic reticulum, the intracellular network of tubules and cisternae, that occurs near the nucleus. The lumen of the perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum is contiguous with the nuclear envelope lumen (also called perinuclear space), the region between the inner and outer nuclear membranes. [GOC:bf, GOC:mah, GOC:mcc, GOC:pr, GOC:vw]


A protein ubiquitination process in which a linear polymer of ubiquitin, formed by the amino-terminal methionine (M1) of one ubiquitin molecule and by the carboxy-terminal glycine (G76) of the next, is added to a protein. [GOC:jsg, GOC:sp, PMID:21455173, PMID:21455180, PMID:21455181]


phthiocerol synthesis
phthiocerol anabolism
phthiocerol formation
phthiocerol biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phthiocerol, a lipid-based 1,3-glycol consisting of (3S,4R)-3-methoxy-4-methylnonacosane having (9R)- and (11S)-hydroxy substituents. [GOC:dph, GOC:ecd, PMID:9201977]


phenolphthiocerol biosynthesis
phenolic phthiocerol formation
phenolic phthiocerol anabolism
phenolic phthiocerol biosynthesis
phenolic phthiocerol synthesis

phenolic phthiocerol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenolic phthiocerol, a phthiocerol derivative having a 4-hydroxyphenyl substituent at the 29-position. [GOC:dph, GOC:ecd, PMID:9201977]


extrinsic to fungal-type vacuolar membrane

extrinsic component of fungal-type vacuolar membrane

The component of a fungal-type vacuolar membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region. [GOC:jh, PMID:21454883]


The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 56 of the histone. [GOC:bf, GOC:pr]


histone H3-K56 acetylation in response to DNA damage

The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 56 of the histone as a result of the detection of DNA damage within a cell. [GOC:pr, GOC:vw, PMID:18344406]


phosphatidylserine exposure on blood platelet

A phospholipid scrambling process that results in the appearance of phosphatidylserine on the surface of activated blood platelets, and triggers the clotting system. [GOC:bf, GOC:lf, GOC:pr, PMID:21107324]


replication fork progression beyond termination site

Regulation of DNA replication by a mechanism that allows a DNA replication fork to progress beyond a termination site, which is a region containing fork pausing elements that influence the progression and merging of DNA replication forks. [GOC:bf, GOC:mcc, GOC:pr, PMID:20797631]


A chromosomal region that contains fork pausing elements influencing the progression and merging of DNA replication forks. [GOC:mcc, GOC:pr, PMID:20797631]


Any apoptotic process in a dendritic cell, a cell of hematopoietic origin, typically resident in particular tissues, specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation. [CL:0000451, GOC:BHF, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, PMID:15059845]


motor neuron apoptosis
motoneuron apoptosis

Any apoptotic process in a motor neuron, an efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement. [CL:0000100, GOC:BHF, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, PMID:14523086]


pancreatic B cell apoptosis
pancreatic beta cell apoptosis
type B pancreatic cell apoptosis

type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a type B pancreatic cell, a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin. [CL:0000169, GOC:BHF, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, PMID:16087305]


establishment of protein localisation in endoplasmic reticulum membrane

establishment of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum membrane

establishment of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. [GOC:rb, PMID:9388185]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-kynurenine, the L-enantiomer of the amino acid kynurenine (3-(2-aminobenzoyl)-alanine). [GOC:yaf]


L-kynurenine degradation
L-kynurenine breakdown
L-kynurenine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-kynurenine, the L-enantiomer of the amino acid kynurenine (3-(2-aminobenzoyl)-alanine). [GOC:yaf]


L-glutamate anabolism
L-glutamate biosynthesis
L-glutamate synthesis
L-glutamate formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-glutamate, the L enantiomer anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid. [GOC:yaf]


agmatine biosynthesis
agmatine synthesis
agmatine anabolism
agmatine formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of agmatine ((4-aminobutyl)guanidine, NH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH-C(-NH2)(=NH)). Agmatine is the decarboxylation product of the amino acid arginine and is an intermediate in polyamine biosynthesis. It is synthesized in the brain, stored in synaptic vesicles, accumulated by uptake, released by membrane depolarization, and inactivated by agmatinase. [GOC:pr, GOC:yaf]


selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) anabolism
selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) formation
selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) synthesis
selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec). This process occurs through the following steps: a unique serine-tRNA with a UGA recognizing anticodon is first aminoacylated with serine; this is then phosphorylated by phosphoseryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec kinase; lastly, selenium is swapped for the phosphate on the serine. [GOC:yaf, PMID:15317934, UniPathway:UPA00906]


A protein complex comprising tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) and glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (GSTP1). This complex is thought to disrupt the TNF signaling cascade, thus down-regulating inflammatory responses. [GOC:BHF, PMID:16636664]


A heterodimeric protein complex that is composed of cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (product of the CLCF1 gene) and cytokine receptor-like factor 1 (product of the CRLF gene) and is secreted into the extracellular space. The CRLF-CLCF1 complex is a ligand for the ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) receptor complex. [GOC:BHF, PMID:10966616]


A protein complex that is composed of two soluble ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor alpha subunits (product of the CNTFR gene) and two molecules of cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (product of the CLCF1 gene). The complex is secreted into the extracellular space. [GOC:BHF, PMID:11285233]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a DNA damage checkpoint. [GOC:obol]


regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in cell cycle arrest


negative regulation of DNA damage checkpoint

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a DNA damage checkpoint. [GOC:BHF, GOC:obol]


negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in cell cycle arrest


positive regulation of DNA damage checkpoint

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a DNA damage checkpoint. [GOC:obol]


positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in cell cycle arrest


regulation of metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, GOC:obol, GOC:yaf]


negative regulation of metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, GOC:obol, GOC:yaf]


regulation of metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, GOC:obol, GOC:yaf]


negative regulation of metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, GOC:obol, GOC:yaf]


regulation of protein localization at cell surface

regulation of protein localisation at cell surface

regulation of protein localization to cell surface

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to the cell surface. [GOC:obol]


negative regulation of protein localisation at cell surface

negative regulation of protein localization at cell surface

negative regulation of protein localization to cell surface

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to the cell surface. [GOC:obol]


positive regulation of protein localisation at cell surface

positive regulation of protein localization at cell surface

positive regulation of protein localization to cell surface

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to the cell surface. [GOC:obol]


regulation of adaxial/abaxial pattern formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adaxial/abaxial pattern formation. [GOC:obol]


regulation of adaxial/abaxial pattern specification


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of auxin polar transport. [GOC:obol]


regulation of arginine synthesis via ornithine

regulation of arginine anabolism via ornithine

regulation of arginine formation via ornithine

regulation of arginine biosynthetic process via ornithine

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of arginine biosynthetic process via ornithine. [GOC:obol]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endosperm development. [GOC:obol]


regulation of determination of dorsal identity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of determination of dorsal identity. [GOC:obol]


regulation of determination of adaxial identity


negative regulation of determination of dorsal identity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of determination of dorsal identity. [GOC:BHF, GOC:obol]


negative regulation of determination of adaxial identity


positive regulation of determination of dorsal identity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of determination of dorsal identity. [GOC:obol]


positive regulation of determination of adaxial identity


regulation of testicular development
regulation of testis development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of male gonad development. [GOC:obol, GOC:yaf]


negative regulation of testicular development

negative regulation of testis development

negative regulation of male gonad development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of male gonad development. [GOC:obol, GOC:yaf]


positive regulation of testicular development

positive regulation of testis development

positive regulation of male gonad development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of male gonad development. [GOC:obol]


regulation of jasmonic acid mediated signalling pathway

regulation of jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway. [GOC:obol]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lateral root development. [GOC:obol]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leaf development. [GOC:obol]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leaf formation. [GOC:obol]


regulation of multicellular organismal development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multicellular organismal development. [GOC:obol]


regulation of animal organ morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis. [GOC:obol]


regulation of histogenesis and organogenesis


regulation of response to night length, flowering

regulation of photoperiodic control of flowering time

regulation of photoperiodic control of inflorescence development

regulation of response to photoperiod, flowering

regulation of response to day length, flowering

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photoperiodism, flowering. [GOC:obol]


regulation of proanthocyanidin anabolism

regulation of proanthocyanidin formation

regulation of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis

regulation of proanthocyanidin synthesis

regulation of proanthocyanidin biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proanthocyanidin biosynthetic process. [GOC:obol]


regulation of response to red or far red light

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to red or far red light. [GOC:obol]


regulation of salicylic acid mediated signalling pathway

regulation of salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway. [GOC:obol]


regulation of axillary shoot system formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary shoot formation. [GOC:obol]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seed maturation. [GOC:obol]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell division. [GOC:obol]


regulation of stem cell population maintenance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell population maintenance. [GOC:obol]


regulation of maintenance of pluripotency


regulation of stomatal complex patterning

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal complex patterning. [GOC:obol]


regulation of stomatal complex development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal complex development. [GOC:obol]


regulation of trichome cell morphogenesis during differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trichome morphogenesis. [GOC:obol]


regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation. [GOC:dph]


negative regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation. [GOC:dph]


negative regulation of homologous recombinational repair

negative regulation of Rad51-dependent recombinational repair

negative regulation of Rhp51-dependent recombinational repair

negative regulation of homology-directed repair

negative regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination. [GOC:vw]


regulation of cardiac cell fate specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac cell fate specification. [GOC:BHF]


negative regulation of cardiac cell fate specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac cell fate specification. [GOC:BHF]


regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle

Any signalling pathway that modulates the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle]


regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin. [GOC:obol]


negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin. [GOC:obol]


positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin. [GOC:obol]


negative regulation of non-canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway

negative regulation of non-canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway

negative regulation of non-canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway

negative regulation of beta-catenin-independent Wnt receptor signaling pathway

negative regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway. [GOC:obol, GOC:yaf]


regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification

regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification

regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification

regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification. [GOC:obol, GOC:yaf]


negative regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification

negative regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification

negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification

negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification. [GOC:obol, GOC:yaf]


positive regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification

positive regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification

positive regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification

positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification. [GOC:obol]


regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis

regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis

regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis. [GOC:obol]


negative regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis

negative regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis

negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis

negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis. [GOC:obol]