A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cell wall. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, such as proteins and polysaccharides, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component. A cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. [GOC:jl, GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0198506732]


peptidoglycan-based cell wall biogenesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the peptidoglycan-based cell wall. An example of this process is found in Escherichia coli. [GOC:go_curators]


peptidoglycan anabolism
peptidoglycan synthesis
murein biosynthetic process
peptidoglycan biosynthesis
murein biosynthesis
peptidoglycan formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidoglycans, any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls. [http://www.dsmz.de/species/murein.htm, ISBN:0198506732]


The process of covalently linking peptidoglycan (murein) to proteins. [GOC:jsg]


peptidoglycan-protein cross-linking via N6-mureinyl-L-lysine

The process of linking a protein to peptidoglycan via the epsilon amino group of lysine to the diaminopimelic acid of the peptidoglycan. [RESID:AA0218]


teichoic acid biosynthesis
teichoic acid anabolism
teichoic acid synthesis
teichoic acid formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of teichoic acid, any polymer occurring in the cell wall, membrane or capsule of Gram-positive bacteria and containing chains of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate residues. [ISBN:0198506732]


fungal-type cell wall biosynthetic process

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a fungal-type cell wall. The fungal-type cell wall contains beta-glucan and may contain chitin. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu]


cell wall chitin biosynthesis
cell wall chitin anabolism
cell wall chitin formation
cell wall chitin synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of cells. [GOC:ai]


cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:lr, GOC:mtg_sensu]


cellulose and pectin-containing primary cell wall biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of cellulose and pectin-containing cell walls that form adjacent to the middle lamella following cell division and during cell expansion. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. [GOC:lr, GOC:mtg_sensu]


cellulose and pectin-containing secondary cell wall biogenesis

secondary cell wall biosynthetic process

plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of inextensible cellulose- and pectin-containing cell walls that are formed between the plasma membrane and primary cell wall after cell expansion is complete. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. [GOC:lr, GOC:mtg_sensu]


cell wall mannoprotein biosynthesis
cell wall mannoprotein synthesis
cell wall mannoprotein formation
cell wall mannoprotein anabolism

cell wall mannoprotein biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall mannoproteins, any cell wall protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues. [GOC:ai]


The series of events leading to chemical and structural alterations of an existing cell wall that can result in loosening, increased extensibility or disassembly. [GOC:jl]


cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall modification

The series of events leading to chemical and structural alterations of an existing cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall that can result in loosening, increased extensibility or disassembly. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. [GOC:lr, GOC:mtg_sensu]


cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall loosening

The series of events causing chemical and structural alterations of an existing cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall that results in greater extensibility of the wall. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. [GOC:lr, GOC:mtg_sensu]


cell wall modification during abscission


plant-type cell wall organization and biogenesis

cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall organization and biogenesis

plant-type cell wall organization or biogenesis

plant-type cell wall organisation or biogenesis

A process that results in the assembly and arrangement of constituent parts of the cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall, or in the disassembly of the cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall. This process is carried out at the cellular level. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. [GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_sensu]


S-layer organisation
S-layer organization and biogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an S-layer enveloping the cell. The S-layer is a crystalline protein layer surrounding some bacteria. [GOC:ai]


slime layer organization and biogenesis
slime layer organisation

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a slime layer. A slime layer is an easily removed, diffuse, unorganized layer of extracellular material that surrounds a cell. [GOC:ai]


slime layer polysaccharide synthesis
slime layer polysaccharide anabolism
slime layer polysaccharide formation
slime layer polysaccharide biosynthesis

slime layer polysaccharide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides in the slime layer, a diffused layer of polysaccharide exterior to the bacterial cell wall. [GOC:go_curators]


membrane degradation
membrane breakdown
membrane catabolism

The controlled breakdown of any cell membrane in the context of a normal process such as autophagy. [GOC:mah]


Synthesis and ordering of the envelope of pronuclei. [GOC:ems]


nuclear organisation
nucleus organization and biogenesis
nuclear organization
nuclear organization and biogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus. [GOC:dph, GOC:ems, GOC:jl, GOC:mah]


establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture

Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic chromatin. [GOC:mah, GOC:vw, PMID:20404130]


The mechanisms effecting establishment, maintenance, and modification of that specific physical conformation of CHROMATIN determining the transcriptional accessibility or inaccessibility of the DNA.


The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a nucleosome, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA. [GOC:mah]


DNA replication-dependent nucleosome assembly


DNA replication-independent chromatin assembly

The formation of nucleosomes outside the context of DNA replication. [GOC:mah]


The controlled breakdown of nucleosomes, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA. [GOC:mah]


OBSOLETE. The alteration of DNA or protein in chromatin by the covalent addition or removal of chemical groups. [GOC:mah, GOC:vw]


The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a histone protein. [GOC:krc]


The modification of a histone by the addition of an acetyl group. [GOC:ai]


The modification of histones by removal of acetyl groups. [GOC:ai]


The modification of histones by removal of methyl groups. [GOC:ai]


histone deubiquitylation
histone deubiquitinylation

The modification of histones by removal of ubiquitin groups. [GOC:ai]


The modification of histones by addition of methyl groups. [GOC:ai]


The modification of histones by addition of phosphate groups. [GOC:ai]


histone ubiquitylation
histone ubiquitinylation

The modification of histones by addition of ubiquitin groups. [GOC:ai]


chromatin remodeling
chromatin modelling
chromatin remodelling

A dynamic process of chromatin reorganization resulting in changes to chromatin structure. These changes allow DNA metabolic processes such as transcriptional regulation, DNA recombination, DNA repair, and DNA replication. [GOC:jid, GOC:vw, PMID:12042764, PMID:12697820]


Interacting selectively and non-covalently and stoichiometrically with a chromatin insulator sequence, a DNA sequence that prevents enhancer-mediated activation or repression of transcription. [GOC:jl, PMID:12783795]


rDNA chromatin silencing
heterochromatic silencing at rDNA
chromatin silencing at ribosomal DNA


nuclear body organization and biogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of any of the extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah]


Cajal body organisation
Cajal body organization and biogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of Cajal bodies, nuclear bodies that appear ultrastructurally as a tangle of coiled, electron-dense threads roughly 0.5 micrometers in diameter and are enriched in ribonucleoproteins, and certain general RNA polymerase II transcription factors. [GOC:mah, PMID:11031238]


LYSP100-associated nuclear domain organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of Lands, a class of nuclear body that react against SP140 auto-antibodies. [GOC:mah, PMID:10921892, PMID:8695863]


PML body organisation
PML body organization and biogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of PML bodies, a class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia). [GOC:mah, PMID:10806078]


nuclear pore complex organization and biogenesis

nuclear pore organization and biogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear pore. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:jl, GOC:mah]


A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a nucleolus, a small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


nucleolus organization and biogenesis
nucleolus organisation

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleolus. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:jl, GOC:mah]


Cell Proliferation Regulation involves intercellular, cellular, and subcellular mechanisms that determine when and whether cell division occurs.


negative regulation of cell population proliferation

negative regulation of cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. [GOC:go_curators]


positive regulation of cell population proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. [GOC:go_curators]

positive regulation of cell proliferation


The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized. [GOC:clt, GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]


OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete). [GOC:mcc]


OBSOLETE. Growth of a pathogenic organism that results in penetration into cells or tissues of the host organism. This often (but not necessarily) includes a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down host tissue. [GOC:mcc, PMID:9728395]


The process in which a multicellular organism, a unicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape. [GOC:mcc, PMID:11729141]


formation of symbiont invasive hypha within host during symbiotic interaction

symbiont invasive hypha formation within host

formation of symbiont invasive hypha in host

Growth of fungi as threadlike, tubular structures that may contain multiple nuclei and may or may not be divided internally by septa, or cross-walls. [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0471522295]


The process in which cells grow as a chain of physically attached, elongated cells in response to an environmental stimulus or stimuli. [GOC:krc, PMID:11104818, PMID:19347739, PMID:24710476]


Any process that modulates the surface configuration of a cell. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]


Any process that modulates the size of a cell. [GOC:go_curators]


downregulation of cell size
down-regulation of cell size
down regulation of cell size

Any process that reduces cell size. [GOC:go_curators]


up-regulation of cell size
upregulation of cell size
up regulation of cell size

Any process that increases cell size. [GOC:go_curators]


OBSOLETE. The conversion of chemical energy into mechanical work (as in the contraction of a muscle). [GOC:jid, http://www.m-w.com]


Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of acyl-CoA within a cell or between a cell and its external environment. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


A cellular homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within a cell or between a cell and its external environment. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]


Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of anions within an organism or cell. [GOC:ceb, GOC:jid, GOC:mah]


Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of phosphate ions at the level of a cell. [GOC:mah]


sulphate ion homeostasis
sulfate homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sulfate ions within an organism or cell. [GOC:jid, GOC:mah]


Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monovalent inorganic anions within an organism or cell. [GOC:ai, GOC:jid, GOC:mah]


Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of chloride ions at the level of a cell. [GOC:mah]


Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cations at the level of a cell. [GOC:ceb, GOC:mah]


Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cadmium ions within an organism or cell. [GOC:ai, GOC:jid, GOC:mah]


Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within an organism or cell. [GOC:ceb, GOC:jid, GOC:mah]


Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions in the vacuole or between a vacuole and its surroundings. [GOC:ai, GOC:mah]


Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of iron ions within an organism or cell. [GOC:ai, GOC:jid, GOC:mah]


extracellular storage of iron ion
extracellular iron ion sequestration
extracellular iron ion sequestering
extracellular iron ion retention
extracellular iron ion storage
extracellular sequestration of iron ion
extracellular retention of iron ion

The process of binding or confining iron ions in an extracellular area such that they are separated from other components of a biological system. [GOC:ai, GOC:cjm]


intracellular iron ion retention
intracellular iron ion sequestering
intracellular sequestration of iron ion
intracellular iron ion storage
intracellular storage of iron ion
intracellular iron ion sequestration
intracellular retention of iron ion

The process of binding or confining iron ions in an intracellular area such that they are separated from other components of a biological system. [GOC:ai]


Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of metal ions at the level of a cell. [GOC:ai, GOC:mah]


OBSOLETE. Regulation of the levels, transport, and metabolism of ions of a heavy metal, a metal that can form a coordination bond with a protein, as opposed to an alkali or alkaline-earth metal that can only form an ionic bond; this definition includes the following biologically relevant heavy metals: Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, V, W, Zn. [GOC:kd, GOC:mah]


Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of potassium ions within an organism or cell. [GOC:jid, GOC:mah]


Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sodium ions within an organism or cell. [GOC:ai, GOC:jid, GOC:mah]


cellular monovalent inorganic cation homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monovalent inorganic cations at the level of a cell. [GOC:ai, GOC:mah]


regulation of cellular pH
proton homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of hydrogen ions (protons) within a cell or between a cell and its external environment. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb]


Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of hydrogen ions, thereby modulating the internal pH, within an organism or cell. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]


Any process that maintains the redox environment of a cell or compartment within a cell. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process involved in maintaining the steady state of a cell's volume. The cell's volume refers to the three-dimensional space occupied by a cell. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]


Any process that decreases cell volume. [GOC:go_curators]


Any process that increases cell volume. [GOC:go_curators]


Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_cardio, GOC:tb, ISBN:0198506732]


downregulation of membrane potential
down regulation of membrane potential
down-regulation of membrane potential
reduction of membrane potential

negative regulation of membrane potential

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane. [GOC:go_curators]


upregulation of membrane potential
elevation of membrane potential
up regulation of membrane potential
up-regulation of membrane potential

positive regulation of membrane potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane. [GOC:go_curators]


The accomplishment of a non-fluctuating membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the endoplasmic reticulum. [GOC:elh, GOC:jid]


The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the nucleus. [GOC:elh]


nuclear fusion
nuclear fusion during karyogamy

The creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei. [GOC:elh]


karyogamy during conjugation with cellular fusion


nuclear exchange during conjugation without cellular fusion


The merging of two pronuclei in a fertilized egg to fuse and produce a single zygotic genome. [GOC:ems, ISBN:087969307X]


During conjugation with cellular fusion, the process resulting in creating a single cell from complementary mating types. The localized remodeling and dissolution of external protective structures allow the fusion of the plasma membranes and cytoplasmic mixing. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. [GOC:elh]


The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells. [GOC:mtg_muscle, GOC:tb]

syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion


induction by virus of cell-cell fusion in host

induction by virus of host cell-cell fusion

The process of syncytia-forming cell-cell fusion, caused by a virus. [ISBN:0781718325]


viral envelope fusion with host membrane

viral envelope fusion with host plasma membrane

viral envelope fusion with host cell membrane

fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane

Fusion of a viral membrane with the host cell membrane during viral entry. Results in release of the virion contents into the cytoplasm. [GOC:bf, GOC:jl]


DCP metabolic process
DCP metabolism
1,3-dichloro-2-propanol metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (DCP), a halohydrin suspected of being carcinogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic. DCP is used as a general solvent, as an intermediate in organic synthesis and in paints, varnishes, lacquers, water colors, binders and photographic lacquers. [GOC:jl, UM-BBD_pathwayID:dcp]


1,3-dichloro-2-propanol biosynthesis
1,3-dichloro-2-propanol synthesis
1,3-dichloro-2-propanol formation
1,3-dichloro-2-propanol anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (DCP), a halohydrin suspected of being carcinogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic. [GOC:ai]


1,3-dichloro-2-propanol breakdown
1,3-dichloro-2-propanol degradation
1,3-dichloro-2-propanol catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (DCP), a halohydrin suspected of being carcinogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic. [GOC:ai]


alcohol biosynthesis
alcohol anabolism
alcohol formation
alcohol synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom. [GOC:ai]


catechol-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of catechol-containing compounds. Catechol is a compound containing a pyrocatechol nucleus or substituent. [GOC:go_curators]


methylgallate biosynthesis
methylgallate formation
methylgallate anabolism
methylgallate synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methylgallate, trihydroxymethylbenzoate, the anion of methylgallic acid. [GOC:ai]


protocatechuate formation
protocatechuate biosynthetic process
protocatechuate synthesis
protocatechuate biosynthesis
protocatechuate anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate. [GOC:ai]


farnesol anabolism
farnesol biosynthesis
farnesol formation
farnesol synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the sesquiterpenoid alcohol farnesol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10,dodecatrien-1-ol. [ISBN:0198547684]


glycolate biosynthesis
glycolate synthesis
glycolate anabolism
glycolate formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycolate, the anion of hydroxyethanoic acid (glycolic acid). [GOC:ai]


methanol synthesis
methanol biosynthesis
methanol anabolism
methanol formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methanol, CH3-OH, a colorless, flammable, mobile, poisonous liquid, widely used as a solvent. [GOC:ai]


monosaccharide anabolism
monosaccharide biosynthesis
monosaccharide synthesis
monosaccharide formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monosaccharides, polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. [ISBN:0198506732]


hexose biosynthesis
hexose formation
hexose anabolism
hexose synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. [ISBN:0198506732]


allose biosynthesis
allose anabolism
allose formation
allose synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of allose, allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3. [ISBN:0198506732]


D-allose biosynthesis
D-allose formation
D-allose synthesis
D-allose anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-allose, the D-enantiomer of allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose. [GOC:ai, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah]


fructose biosynthesis
fructose formation
fructose synthesis
fructose anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fructose, the ketohexose arabino-2-hexulose. [GOC:ai]


fucose formation
fucose synthesis
fucose biosynthesis
fucose anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fucose (6-deoxygalactose). [GOC:jl]


L-fucose formation
L-fucose anabolism
L-fucose biosynthesis
L-fucose synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-fucose (6-deoxy-L-galactose). [GOC:jl]


GDP-L-fucose formation
GDP-L-fucose anabolism
GDP-L-fucose biosynthesis
GDP-L-fucose synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-L-fucose, a substance composed of L-fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate. [GOC:jl]


GDP-L-fucose biosynthesis, de novo pathway

GDP-L-fucose biosynthetic process, de novo pathway

'de novo' GDP-L-fucose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-L-fucose from GDP-D-mannose via GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose, requiring the functions of GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase (EC:4.2.1.47) and GDP-L-fucose synthase (EC:1.1.1.271). [EC:1.1.1.271, PMID:11030750]


GDP-L-fucose biosynthetic process, salvage pathway

GDP-L-fucose biosynthesis, salvage pathway

The formation of GDP-L-fucose from L-fucose, without de novo synthesis. L-fucose is phosphorylated by fucokinase and then converted by fucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (EC:2.7.7.30). [GOC:ma]


galactose anabolism
galactose formation
galactose biosynthesis
galactose synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose. [ISBN:0198506732]


downregulation of gluconeogenesis
down regulation of gluconeogenesis
down-regulation of gluconeogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis. [GOC:go_curators]


upregulation of gluconeogenesis
up regulation of gluconeogenesis
up-regulation of gluconeogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis. [GOC:go_curators]


mannose anabolism
mannose formation
mannose synthesis
mannose biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose. [GOC:ai]


dTDP-mannose anabolism
dTDP-mannose synthesis
dTDP-mannose biosynthesis
dTDP-mannose formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate. [GOC:ai]


GDP-mannose formation
GDP-mannose biosynthesis
GDP-mannose synthesis
GDP-mannose anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate. [GOC:ai]


inositol synthesis
inositol anabolism
inositol biosynthesis
vitamin Bh biosynthesis
myo-inositol biosynthetic process
inositol formation
vitamin Bh biosynthetic process
myo-inositol biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms. [ISBN:0198547684]


rhamnose anabolism
rhamnose synthesis
rhamnose biosynthesis
rhamnose formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose. [ISBN:0198506732]


dTDP-rhamnose synthesis
dTDP-rhamnose formation
dTDP-rhamnose anabolism
dTDP-rhamnose biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTDP-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate. [GOC:ai]


GDP-D-rhamnose formation
GDP-D-rhamnose synthesis
GDP-D-rhamnose anabolism
GDP-D-rhamnose biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-D-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate. [GOC:ai]


pentose anabolism
pentose biosynthesis
pentose formation
pentose synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule. [ISBN:0198506732]


arabinose biosynthesis
arabinose synthesis
arabinose formation
arabinose anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arabinose, arabino-pentose. [GOC:ai]


ribitol synthesis
ribitol biosynthesis
ribitol anabolism
ribitol formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ribitol, a pentitol derived formally by reduction of the -CHO group of either D- or L-ribose. [ISBN:0198506732]


deoxyribose phosphate formation
deoxyribose phosphate biosynthesis
deoxyribose phosphate synthesis
deoxyribose phosphate anabolism

deoxyribose phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyribose phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 2-deoxy-erythro-pentose. [ISBN:0198506732]


2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate biosynthesis
2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate formation
2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate anabolism
2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate synthesis

2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 1-phospho-2-deoxyribose. [ISBN:0198506732]


deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate, the diphosphorylated sugar 1,5-diphospho-2-deoxyribose. [GOC:ai]


ribose phosphate anabolism
ribose phosphate biosynthesis
ribose phosphate synthesis
ribose phosphate formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ribose phosphate, any phosphorylated ribose sugar. [GOC:ai]


5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate, also known as 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate. [GOC:ai]


xylulose formation
xylulose biosynthesis
xylulose anabolism
xylulose synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose. [ISBN:0198547684]


octanol anabolism
octanol formation
octanol biosynthesis
octanol synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of octanol, the 8-carbon alcohol with the formula C8H17OH. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenol, a compound that consists of a benzene ring with one attached hydroxyl group. [GOC:mah]


aerobic phenol-containing compound biosynthesis

aerobic phenol-containing compound formation

aerobic phenol-containing compound anabolism

aerobic phenol-containing compound synthesis

aerobic phenol-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the presence of oxygen. [GOC:ai]


anaerobic phenol-containing compound formation

anaerobic phenol-containing compound synthesis

anaerobic phenol-containing compound anabolism

anaerobic phenol-containing compound biosynthesis

anaerobic phenol-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the absence of oxygen. [GOC:ai]


polyhydric alcohol biosynthetic process
polyol biosynthesis
polyol formation
polyol synthesis
polyol anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polyol, any alcohol containing three or more hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms. [GOC:curators]


alditol synthesis
alditol anabolism
alditol formation
alditol biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alditols, any polyhydric alcohol derived from the acyclic form of a monosaccharide by reduction of its aldehyde or keto group to an alcoholic group. [ISBN:0198506732]


hexitol biosynthesis
hexitol synthesis
hexitol formation
hexitol anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hexitols, any alditol with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. [ISBN:0198506732]


galactitol synthesis
galactitol biosynthesis
galactitol formation
galactitol anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactitol, the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose. [ISBN:0198506732]


mannitol anabolism
mannitol synthesis
mannitol formation
mannitol biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannitol, the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group. [ISBN:0198506732]


sorbitol synthesis
sorbitol biosynthesis
sorbitol anabolism
sorbitol formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sorbitol (D-glucitol), one of the ten stereoisomeric hexitols. It can be derived from glucose by reduction of the aldehyde group. [ISBN:0198506732]


pentitol formation
pentitol synthesis
pentitol anabolism
pentitol biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pentitols, any alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule. [ISBN:0198506732]


glycerol formation
glycerol biosynthesis
glycerol anabolism
glycerol synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids. [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732]


glycerol synthesis from pyruvate
glycerol anabolism from pyruvate
glyceroneogenesis
glycerol formation from pyruvate

glycerol biosynthetic process from pyruvate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, from other compounds, including pyruvate. [GOC:ai]


glycerol-3-phosphate anabolism
glycerol-3-phosphate synthesis
glycerol-3-phosphate biosynthesis
glycerol-3-phosphate formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol. [GOC:ai]


alcohol catabolism
alcohol breakdown
alcohol degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom. [GOC:ai]


catechol breakdown
catechol catabolic process
catechol degradation


catechol degradation, meta-cleavage
catechol breakdown, meta-cleavage

catechol catabolic process, meta-cleavage

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of catechol via the meta-cleavage pathway, in which the catechol aromatic ring is broken between a hydroxylated carbon atom and an adjacent unsubstituted carbon atom. [GOC:jl, http://www.ence.umd.edu/]


catechol degradation, ortho-cleavage
catechol breakdown, ortho-cleavage

catechol catabolic process, ortho-cleavage

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of catechol via the ortho-cleavage pathway, in which the catechol aromatic ring is broken between the two carbon atoms bearing hydroxyl groups. [GOC:jl, http://www.ence.umd.edu/]


gallate catabolism
gallate degradation
gallate breakdown
gallic acid catabolism
gallic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid). [GOC:jl]


aerobic gallic acid catabolism
aerobic gallate degradation
aerobic gallate catabolism
aerobic gallic acid catabolic process
aerobic gallate breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid, in the presence of oxygen. [GOC:jl]


gallate degradation via 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate

gallate breakdown via 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate

gallic acid catabolism via 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate

gallic acid catabolic process via 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate

gallate catabolic process via 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid, via the intermediate 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate. [GOC:jl]


gallate catabolic process via 4-carboxy-2-hydroxhexa-2,3-dienedioate

gallate breakdown via 4-carboxy-2-hydroxhexa-2,3-dienedioate

gallic acid catabolism via 4-carboxy-2-hydroxhexa-2,3-dienedioate

gallic acid catabolic process via 4-carboxy-2-hydroxhexa-2,3-dienedioate

gallate degradation via 4-carboxy-2-hydroxhexa-2,3-dienedioate

gallate catabolic process via gallate dioxygenase activity

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid, where the first step is the conversion of gallate to (1E)-4-oxobut-1-ene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate catalyzed by gallate dioxygenase. [GOC:bf, GOC:jl]


anaerobic gallic acid catabolic process
anaerobic gallate catabolism
anaerobic gallate degradation
anaerobic gallic acid catabolism
gallate fermentation
anaerobic gallate breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid, in the absence of oxygen. [GOC:jl]


methylgallate degradation
methylgallate breakdown
methylgallate catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylgallate, trihydroxymethylbenzoate, the anion of methylgallic acid. [GOC:ai]


protocatechuate breakdown
protocatechuate degradation
protocatechuate catabolic process
protocatechuate catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate. [GOC:ai]


protocatechuate catabolic process to oxaloacetate and pyruvate

protocatechuate catabolic process, meta-cleavage

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of protocatechuate, the anion of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, to yield oxaloacetate and pyruvate. [MetaCyc:P184-PWY]


protocatechuate catabolic process to beta-ketoadipate

3,4-dihydroxybenzoate catabolic process, ortho-cleavage

protocatechuate catabolic process, ortho-cleavage

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of protocatechuate, the anion of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, to yield beta-ketoadipate. [MetaCyc:PROTOCATECHUATE-ORTHO-CLEAVAGE-PWY]


farnesol degradation
farnesol breakdown
farnesol catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the sesquiterpenoid alcohol farnesol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10,dodecatrien-1-ol. [GOC:go_curators]


glycolate catabolism
glycolate breakdown
glycolate degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycolate, the anion of hydroxyethanoic acid (glycolic acid). [GOC:ai]


methanol degradation
methanol breakdown
methanol catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methanol, CH3-OH, a colorless, flammable, mobile, poisonous liquid, widely used as a solvent. [GOC:ai]


monosaccharide breakdown
monosaccharide catabolism
monosaccharide degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monosaccharides, polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. [ISBN:0198506732]


hexose breakdown
hexose degradation
hexose catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. [ISBN:0198506732]


allose catabolism
allose breakdown
allose degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of allose, allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3. [ISBN:0198506732]


D-allose catabolism
D-allose degradation
D-allose breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-allose, the D-enantiomer of allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose. [GOC:ai, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah]


fructose breakdown
fructose catabolism
fructose degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose, the ketohexose arabino-2-hexulose. [GOC:ai]


aerobic fructose breakdown
aerobic fructose degradation
aerobic fructose catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose that occurs in the presence of oxygen. [GOC:ai]


anaerobic fructose breakdown
anaerobic fructose catabolism
anaerobic fructose degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose that occurs in the absence of oxygen. [GOC:ai]


fucose breakdown
fucose degradation
fucose catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fucose (6-deoxygalactose). [GOC:jl]


L-fucose degradation
L-fucose breakdown
L-fucose catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-fucose (6-deoxy-Lgalactose). [GOC:jl]


galactose degradation
galactose catabolism
galactose breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose. [ISBN:0198506732]


glucose degradation
glucose breakdown
glucose catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. [GOC:ai]


non-phosphorylated glucose catabolism
non-phosphorylated glucose degradation
non-phosphorylated glucose breakdown

non-phosphorylated glucose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of non-phosphorylated forms of glucose. [GOC:ai]


pentose phosphate shunt, non-oxidative branch

pentose-phosphate pathway, non-oxidative branch

pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative branch

pentose-phosphate shunt, non-oxidative branch

The branch of the pentose-phosphate shunt which does not involve oxidation reactions. It comprises a series of sugar phosphate interconversions, starting with ribulose 5-P and producing fructose 6-P and glyceraldehyde 3-P. [ISBN:0198506732, MetaCyc:NONOXIPENT-PWY]


pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative branch

pentose phosphate shunt, oxidative branch

pentose-phosphate pathway, oxidative branch

pentose-phosphate shunt, oxidative branch

The branch of the pentose-phosphate shunt which involves the oxidation of glucose 6-P and produces ribulose 5-P, reduced NADP+ and carbon dioxide (CO2). [ISBN:0198506732, MetaCyc:OXIDATIVEPENT-PWY]


mannose breakdown
mannose catabolism
mannose degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose. [GOC:ai]


vitamin Bh catabolic process
myo-inositol catabolic process
inositol breakdown
inositol catabolism
vitamin Bh catabolism
myo-inositol catabolism
inositol degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms. [GOC:go_curators]


rhamnose catabolism
rhamnose breakdown
rhamnose degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose. [ISBN:0198506732]


anaerobic rhamnose catabolism
anaerobic rhamnose degradation
anaerobic rhamnose breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose, that occurs in the absence of oxygen. [GOC:ai]


pentose breakdown
pentose catabolism
pentose degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule. [ISBN:0198506732]


arabinose catabolism
arabinose degradation
arabinose breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arabinose, arabino-pentose. [GOC:ai]


D-arabinose breakdown
D-arabinose degradation
D-arabinose catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabinose, the D-enantiomer of arabino-pentose. [GOC:jsg, GOC:mah]


D-arabinose degradation to xylulose 5-phosphate

D-arabinose breakdown to xylulose 5-phosphate

D-arabinose catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabinose to form xylulose 5-phosphate. D-arabinose is converted into D-ribulose, which is phosphorylated to ribulose-5-phosphate, which is isomerized to give D-xylulose-5-phosphate. [GOC:go_curators]


L-arabinose catabolism
L-arabinose degradation
L-arabinose breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabinose, the L-enantiomer of arabino-pentose. [GOC:jsg, GOC:mah]


L-arabinose catabolism to alpha-oxoglutarate

L-arabinose catabolic process to alpha-ketoglutarate

L-arabinose catabolism to 2-ketoglutarate

L-arabinose catabolic process to alpha-oxoglutarate

L-arabinose degradation to 2-oxoglutarate

L-arabinose catabolism to alpha-ketoglutarate

L-arabinose catabolic process to 2-ketoglutarate

L-arabinose catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabinose into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate. [GOC:go_curators]


L-arabinose degradation to xylulose 5-phosphate

L-arabinose breakdown to xylulose 5-phosphate

L-arabinose catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabinose into other compounds, including xylulose 5-phosphate. [GOC:go_curators]


deoxyribose phosphate catabolism
deoxyribose phosphate degradation
deoxyribose phosphate breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyribose phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 2-deoxy-erythro-pentose. [ISBN:0198506732]


2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyribose 1-phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 1-phospho-2-deoxyribose. [GOC:ai]


xylulose catabolism
xylulose breakdown
xylulose degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose. [ISBN:0198547684]


octanol catabolism
octanol degradation
octanol breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octanol, the 8-carbon alcohol with the formula C8H17OH. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenol, a compound that consists of a benzene ring with one attached hydroxyl group. [GOC:mah]


aerobic phenol-containing compound degradation

aerobic phenol-containing compound breakdown

aerobic phenol-containing compound catabolism

aerobic phenol-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the presence of oxygen. [GOC:ai]


anaerobic phenol-containing compound catabolism

anaerobic phenol-containing compound breakdown

anaerobic phenol-containing compound degradation

anaerobic phenol-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the absence of oxygen. [GOC:ai]


polyhydric alcohol catabolic process
polyol catabolism
polyol degradation
polyol breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a polyol, any alcohol containing three or more hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms. [GOC:curators]


alditol degradation
alditol catabolism
alditol breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alditols, any polyhydric alcohol derived from the acyclic form of a monosaccharide by reduction of its aldehyde or keto group to an alcoholic group. [ISBN:0198506732]


hexitol catabolism
hexitol degradation
hexitol breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexitols, any alditol with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. [ISBN:0198506732]


galactitol degradation
galactitol catabolism
galactitol breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactitol, the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose. [ISBN:0198506732]


mannitol catabolism
mannitol breakdown
mannitol degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannitol, the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group. [ISBN:0198506732]


sorbitol degradation
sorbitol breakdown
sorbitol catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sorbitol (D-glucitol), one of the ten stereoisomeric hexitols. It can be derived from glucose by reduction of the aldehyde group. [ISBN:0198506732]


pentitol degradation
pentitol breakdown
pentitol catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentitols, any alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule. [ISBN:0198506732]


D-arabitol degradation to xylulose 5-phosphate

D-arabitol breakdown to xylulose 5-phosphate

D-arabitol catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabitol to form xylulose 5-phosphate. D-arabitol is converted into D-xylulose, which is then phosphorylated to form D-xylulose-5-phosphate. [MetaCyc:DARABITOLUTIL-PWY]


L-xylitol breakdown to xylulose 5-phosphate

L-xylitol degradation to xylulose 5-phosphate

L-xylitol catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-xylitol to form xylulose 5-phosphate. L-xylitol is converted into L-xylulose, which is then phosphorylated to L-xylulose-5-phosphate. This is converted to D-xylulose-5-phosphate via the intermediate L-ribulose-5-phosphate. [MetaCyc:LARABITOLUTIL-PWY]


glycerol catabolism
glycerol breakdown
glycerol degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


aerobic glycerol breakdown
aerobic glycerol catabolism
aerobic glycerol degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, in the presence of oxygen. [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732]


glycerol-3-phosphate degradation
glycerol-3-phosphate breakdown
glycerol-3-phosphate catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol. [GOC:ai]


acetyl-CoA synthesis from ethanol
acetyl-CoA formation from ethanol
acetyl-CoA anabolism from ethanol

acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from ethanol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from ethanol via acetaldehyde. [GOC:go_curators]


ethanol fermentation
glucose catabolic process to ethanol
glucose fermentation to ethanol

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose; it is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide (CO2), producing two molecules of ATP for each molecule of glucose. [GOC:dph, GOC:nr, ISBN:0716720094]


An ethanol metabolic process in which ethanol is converted to acetyl-CoA via acetaldehyde and acetate. [GOC:mah, MetaCyc:PWY66-161, MetaCyc:PWY66-162, MetaCyc:PWY66-21]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol), an important water-soluble base of phospholipid (phosphatidylethanolamine). [ISBN:0192800981]


ethanolamine biosynthesis
ethanolamine synthesis
ethanolamine anabolism
ethanolamine formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol), an important water-soluble base of phospholipid (phosphatidylethanolamine). [GOC:ai]


phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis
phosphatidylethanolamine formation
phosphatidylethanolamine anabolism
phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine. [ISBN:0198506732]


A phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthetic process that proceeds via the enzymatic action of dihydrosphingosine phosphate lyase. [GOC:mah, PMID:15643073]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine (PMME), a derivative of phosphatidylethanolamine with a methylated amine group. [GOC:ai]


ethanolamine degradation
ethanolamine breakdown
ethanolamine catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol), an important water-soluble base of phospholipid (phosphatidylethanolamine). [GOC:ai]


phosphatidylethanolamine catabolism
phosphatidylethanolamine degradation
phosphatidylethanolamine breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving the sesquiterpenoid alcohol farnesol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10,dodecatrien-1-ol. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving methanol, CH3-OH, a colorless, flammable, mobile, poisonous liquid, widely used as a solvent. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of methanol to methyl-Coenzyme M. [MetaCyc:CO2FORM-PWY]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrates. They are polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving a hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving allose, allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-allose, the D-enantiomer of allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose. [GOC:ai, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose, the ketohexose arabino-2-hexulose. Fructose exists in a open chain form or as a ring compound. D-fructose is the sweetest of the sugars and is found free in a large number of fruits and honey. [ISBN:0198506732]


fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, also known as FBP. The D enantiomer is a metabolic intermediate in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. [ISBN:0198506732]


fructose 2,6-bisphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. The D enantiomer is an important regulator of the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways. It inhibits fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and activates phosphofructokinase. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 6-phosphate, also known as F6P. The D-enantiomer is an important intermediate in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and fructose metabolism. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving fucose, or 6-deoxygalactose, which has two enantiomers, D-fucose and L-fucose. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-fucose, 6-deoxy-L-galactose, a sugar that occurs in fucans, a class of polysaccharides in seaweeds, especially Fucus species, and in the cell wall matrix of higher plants. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-L-fucose, a substance composed of L-fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose. D-galactose is widely distributed in combined form in plants, animals and microorganisms as a constituent of oligo- and polysaccharides; it also occurs in galactolipids and as its glucoside in lactose and melibiose. [ISBN:0198506732]


glucose 1-phosphate metabolism
glucose 1-phosphate utilization

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose 1-phosphate, a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-1. [GOC:ai]


The process of introducing a phosphate group into glucose 1-phosphate to produce glucose bisphosphate. [GOC:ai]


non-phosphorylated glucose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving non-phosphorylated forms of glucose. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-glucose, uridinediphosphoglucose, a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate. [GOC:ai]


UDP-glucose degradation
UDP-glucose breakdown
UDP-glucose catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-glucose, uridinediphosphoglucose, a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose. The D-(+)-form is widely distributed in mannans and hemicelluloses and is of major importance in the core oligosaccharide of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving dTDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose. Rhamnose occurs commonly as a compound of plant glycosides, in polysaccharides of gums and mucilages, and in bacterial polysaccharides. It is also a component of some plant cell wall polysaccharides and frequently acts as the sugar components of flavonoids. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving dTDP-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-D-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving sorbose, the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. Sorbose is produced commercially by fermentation and is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of ascorbic acid. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving sorbose, the L-enantiomer of the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. L-sorbose is formed by bacterial oxidation of sorbitol. [GOC:jsg, GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving arabinose, arabino-pentose. L-Arabinose occurs both free, for example in the heartwood of many conifers, and in the combined state, as a constituent of plant hemicelluloses, bacterial polysaccharides etc. D-arabinose is a constituent of arabinonucleosides. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-arabinose, the D-enantiomer of arabino-pentose. D-arabinose occurs in plant glycosides and is a constituent of arabinonucleosides. [GOC:jsg, GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-arabinose, the D-enantiomer of arabino-pentose. L-arabinose occurs free, e.g. in the heartwood of many conifers, and in the combined state, in both furanose and pyranose forms, as a constituent of various plant hemicelluloses, bacterial polysaccharides etc. [GOC:jsg, GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-lyxose, the L-enantiomer of aldopentose lyxo-pentose, the C-2 epimer of xylose. [GOC:jsg, GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving ribitol, a pentitol derived formally by reduction of the -CHO group of either D- or L-ribose. It occurs free in some plants and is a component of riboflavin. [ISBN:0198506732]


ribitol breakdown
ribitol degradation
ribitol catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ribitol, a pentitol derived formally by reduction of the -CHO group of either D- or L-ribose. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyribose phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 2-deoxy-erythro-pentose. [ISBN:0198506732]


2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 1-phospho-2-deoxyribose. [ISBN:0198506732]


deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate, the diphosphorylated sugar 1,5-diphospho-2-deoxyribose. [GOC:ai]


deoxyribose 5-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyribose 5-phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 5-phospho-2-deoxyribose. [GOC:ai]


The process of introducing a phosphate group into deoxyribose 5-phosphate to produce deoxyribose bisphosphate. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving ribose phosphate, any phosphorylated ribose sugar. [GOC:ai]


5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate, also known as 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose. [ISBN:0198547684]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving octanol, the 8-carbon alcohol with the formula C8H17OH. [GOC:go_curators]


hydroxybenzene metabolic process
hydroxybenzene metabolism
phenol-containing compound metabolism
carbolic acid metabolism
carbolic acid metabolic process

phenol-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving (R)-4-hydroxymandelate, the anion of a hydroxylated derivative of mandelate (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetate). [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732]


(R)-4-hydroxymandelate degradation
(R)-4-hydroxymandelate breakdown
(R)-4-hydroxymandelate catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (R)-4-hydroxymandelate, the anion of (R)-4-hydroxymandelic acid. [GOC:ai]


3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, an aromatic compound which is an intermediate in several metabolic pathways, including the biosynthesis of patulin, a toxin and antiviral agent produced by some moulds such as Penicillium patulinum. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:mcr]


aerobic phenol-containing compound metabolism

aerobic phenol-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the presence of oxygen. [ISBN:0198506732]


anaerobic phenol-containing compound metabolism

anaerobic phenol-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the absence of oxygen. [PMID:12697029]


(R)-mandelate degradation to catechol
(R)-mandelate breakdown to catechol

(R)-mandelate catabolic process to catechol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (R)-mandelate into other compounds, including catechol. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving methylgallate, trihydroxymethylbenzoate, the anion of methylgallic acid. [GOC:ai]


protocatechuate metabolism
protocatechuate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving protocatechuate, the anion of protocatechuic acid (3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid). [GOC:ai, PMID:24359411]


catechol-containing siderophore biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a siderophore from other compounds, including catechol. Catechol is one of the three major chemical groups incorporated into siderophore structures with hydroxamate and a-hydroxycarboxylate, each having a high selectivity for iron(3+). [PMID:20376388]


enterobactin anabolism
enterochelin biosynthetic process
enterobactin synthesis
enterobactin biosynthesis
enterobactin formation
enterochelin biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of enterobactin, a catechol-derived siderochrome of Enterobacteria; enterobactin (N',N',N''-(2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triacyclodecane-3,7,11-triyl)tris(2,3-dihydroxy)benzamide) is a self-triester of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine and a product of the shikimate pathway. [GOC:go_curators]


rhizobactin 1021 synthesis
rhizobactin 1021 biosynthesis
rhizobactin 1021 anabolism
rhizobactin 1021 formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhizobactin 1021, (E)-4-((3-(acetylhydroxyamino)propyl)-amino)-2-hydroxy-(2-(2-(3-(hydroxy(1-oxo-2-decenyl)amino)propyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid, a siderophore produced by Sinorhizobium meliloti. [PMID:11274118]


vibriobactin formation
vibriobactin biosynthesis
vibriobactin synthesis
vibriobactin anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vibriobactin, the major siderophore produced by Vibrio cholerae. [GOC:jl, PMID:11112537]


tryptophan breakdown to catechol
tryptophan degradation to catechol

tryptophan catabolic process to catechol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including catechol. [GOC:go_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


catecholamine synthesis
catecholamine anabolism
catecholamine formation
catecholamine biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


catecholamine catabolism
catecholamine degradation
catecholamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


regulation of catecholamine metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamines. [GOC:go_curators]


down regulation of catecholamine metabolic process

negative regulation of catecholamine metabolism

down-regulation of catecholamine metabolic process

downregulation of catecholamine metabolic process

negative regulation of catecholamine metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamine. [GOC:go_curators]


positive regulation of catecholamine metabolism

upregulation of catecholamine metabolic process

up-regulation of catecholamine metabolic process

up regulation of catecholamine metabolic process

positive regulation of catecholamine metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamine. [GOC:go_curators]


polyhydric alcohol metabolic process
polyol metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polyol, any alcohol containing three or more hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms. [PMID:30240188]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving alditols, any polyhydric alcohol derived from the acyclic form of a monosaccharide by reduction of its aldehyde or keto group to an alcoholic group. [ISBN:0198506732]


sugar alcohol (hexitol) metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hexitols, any alditol with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactitol, the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannitol, the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving sorbitol (D-glucitol), one of the ten stereoisomeric hexitols. It can be derived from glucose by reduction of the aldehyde group. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentitols, any alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids. [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732]


The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol, yielding energy in the form of ATP. [GOC:mah]


glycerol fermentation to 1,3-propanediol

glycerol fermentation to propane-1,3-diol

anaerobic glycerol catabolic process to propane-1,3-diol

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol into propane-1,3-diol and water. [GOC:jl, MetaCyc:GOLPDLCAT-PWY]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


(4E)-sphing-4-enine metabolic process
sphing-4-enine metabolic process
sphing-4-enine metabolism
sphingosine metabolism
(4E)-sphing-4-enine metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingosine (sphing-4-enine), trans-D-erytho-2-amino-octadec-4-ene-1,3-diol, a long chain amino diol sphingoid base that occurs in most sphingolipids in animal tissues. [GOC:ma, ISBN:0198506732]


sphingosine biosynthesis
sphingosine synthesis
sphingosine anabolism
sphingosine formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingosine (sphing-4-enine), trans-D-erytho-2-amino-octadec-4-ene-1,3-diol, a long chain amino diol sphingoid base that occurs in most sphingolipids in animal tissues. [GOC:ma, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving sterols, steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule. [ISBN:0198547684]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. It is a component of the plasma membrane lipid bilayer and of plasma lipoproteins and can be found in all animal tissues. [ISBN:0198506732]


regulation of cholesterol synthesis
regulation of cholesterol anabolism
regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis
regulation of cholesterol formation

regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol. [GOC:go_curators]


downregulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process

negative regulation of cholesterol anabolism

negative regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis

down-regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process

negative regulation of cholesterol synthesis

down regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process

negative regulation of cholesterol formation

negative regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol. [GOC:go_curators]


up-regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process

positive regulation of cholesterol anabolism

positive regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis

positive regulation of cholesterol synthesis

upregulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process

up regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process

positive regulation of cholesterol formation

positive regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol. [GOC:go_curators]


cholesterol degradation
cholesterol breakdown
cholesterol catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. [GOC:ai]


peptidyl-glycine cholesteryl ester formation from peptidyl-glycine

peptidyl-glycine cholesteryl ester anabolism from peptidyl-glycine

peptidyl-glycine cholesteryl ester synthesis from peptidyl-glycine

peptidyl-glycine cholesteryl ester biosynthesis from peptidyl-glycine

The synthesis of peptidyl-glycine cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol ester at the carboxy-terminus of autolytically cleaved proteins. [RESID:AA0309]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving ecdysone, (22R)-2-beta,3-beta,14,22,25-pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one, an ecdysteroid found in insects. It is the inactive prohormone of the moulting hormone ecdysterone and may have intrinsic hormonal activity at other stages of insect development. [ISBN:0198506732]


ecdysone biosynthesis
ecdysone formation
ecdysone anabolism
ecdysone synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysone, (22R)-2-beta,3-beta,14,22,25-pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one, an ecdysteroid found in insects. [ISBN:0198506732]


ecdysone degradation
ecdysone catabolism
ecdysone breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ecdysone, (22R)-2-beta,3-beta,14,22,25-pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one, an ecdysteroid found in insects. [ISBN:0198506732]


OBSOLETE. The covalent or conformational alteration of ecdysone, resulting in a change in its properties. [GOC:jl]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving ergosterol, (22E)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-beta-ol, a sterol found in ergot, yeast and moulds. It is the most important of the D provitamins and is converted to vitamin D2 on irradiation with UV light. [ISBN:0198506732]


ergosterol anabolism
ergosterol synthesis
ergosterol formation
ergosterol biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol, (22E)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-beta-ol, a sterol found in ergot, yeast and moulds. [ISBN:0198506732]


sterol biosynthetic process
sterol formation
sterol synthesis
sterol anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterols, steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule. [GOC:go_curators]


sterol degradation
sterol breakdown
sterol catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sterols, steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule. [GOC:go_curators]


alkanal metabolism
alkanal metabolic process
aldehyde metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O, as carried out by individual cells. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


acetaldehyde metabolism
ethanal metabolism
ethanal metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetaldehyde, a colorless, flammable liquid intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. [GOC:go_curators]


acetaldehyde anabolism
acetaldehyde synthesis
acetaldehyde biosynthesis
acetaldehyde formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetaldehyde, a colorless, flammable liquid intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. [GOC:ai]


acetaldehyde degradation
acetaldehyde catabolism
acetaldehyde breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetaldehyde, a colorless, flammable liquid intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. [GOC:ai]


aldehyde anabolism
aldehyde biosynthesis
aldehyde synthesis
aldehyde formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O. [GOC:ai]


formaldehyde anabolism
formaldehyde synthesis
methanal biosynthetic process
formaldehyde formation
formaldehyde biosynthesis
methanal biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), the simplest aldehyde. [GOC:ai]


glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an important intermediate in glycolysis. [GOC:ai]


palmitaldehyde biosynthetic process
hexadecanal biosynthesis
palmitaldehyde biosynthesis
hexadecanal formation
hexadecanal synthesis
hexadecanal anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hexadecanal, the C16 straight chain aldehyde. [http://chemfinder.cambridgesoft.com/]


methylglyoxal anabolism
methylglyoxal synthesis
methylglyoxal formation
methylglyoxal biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, the aldehyde of pyruvic acid. [GOC:ai]


aldehyde breakdown
aldehyde catabolism
aldehyde degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O. [GOC:ai]


methanal catabolism
formaldehyde degradation
formaldehyde breakdown
methanal catabolic process
formaldehyde catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), the simplest aldehyde. [GOC:ai]


glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an important intermediate in glycolysis. [ISBN:0198506732]


glyoxylate breakdown
glyoxylate catabolism
glyoxylate degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glyoxylate, the anion of glyoxylic acid, HOC-COOH. [ISBN:0198506732]


methylglyoxal breakdown
methylglyoxal degradation
methylglyoxal catabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, the aldehyde of pyruvic acid. [GOC:ai]


formaldehyde metabolism
methanal metabolism
methanal metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), a colorless liquid or gas with a pungent odor, commonly used as a fixative or an antibacterial agent. [GOC:ai]


The pathways in which formaldehyde is processed and used as a carbon source for the cell. [GOC:ai]


formaldehyde assimilation via RuMP cycle

formaldehyde assimilation via ribulose monophosphate cycle

The pathway in which formaldehyde is used as a carbon source in the ribulose monophosphate cycle. Methanotrophic bacteria produce formaldehyde from the oxidation of methane and methanol, and then assimilate it via the ribulose monophosphate cycle to form intermediates of the central metabolic routes that are subsequently used for biosynthesis of cell material. Three molecules of formaldehyde are assimilated, forming a three-carbon intermediate of central metabolism; in this pathway, all cellular carbon is assimilated at the oxidation level of formaldehyde. [MetaCyc:PWY-1861]


formaldehyde assimilation via xylulose-5-phosphate cycle

formaldehyde assimilation via xylulose monophosphate cycle

The pathway in which formaldehyde is used as a carbon source in the xylulose monophosphate cycle. Methylotrophic yeasts, but not bacteria, utilize the xylulose monophosphate cycle to fix formaldehyde and convert it into metabolically useful organic compounds. [MetaCyc:P185-PWY]


glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an important intermediate in glycolysis. [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyoxylate, the anion of glyoxylic acid, HOC-COOH. [ISBN:0198506732]


A modification of the TCA cycle occurring in some plants and microorganisms, in which isocitrate is cleaved to glyoxylate and succinate. Glyoxylate can then react with acetyl-CoA to form malate. [ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving hexadecanal, the C16 straight chain aldehyde. [PMID:25047030]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, the aldehyde of pyruvic acid. [GOC:ai]


methylglyoxal catabolism to D-lactate via S-lactoyl-glutathione

methylglyoxal catabolic process to D-lactate via S-lactoyl-glutathione

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, into D-lactate via the intermediate S-lactoyl-glutathione. Glutathione is used in the first step of the pathway and then regenerated in the second step. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, PMID:2198020]


vanillic aldehyde metabolism
vanillic aldehyde metabolic process
vanillin metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving vanillin, an aromatic hydrocarbon which occurs naturally in black vanilla bean pods and can be obtained as a by-product of the pulp and paper industry by the oxidative breakdown of lignin. [GOC:jl]


vanillin synthesis
vanillin biosynthesis
vanillin anabolism
vanillic aldehyde biosynthetic process
vanillic aldehyde biosynthesis
vanillin formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vanillin, an aromatic hydrocarbon which occurs naturally in black vanilla bean pods. [GOC:jl]


vanillic aldehyde catabolic process
vanillin degradation
vanillic aldehyde catabolism
vanillin catabolism
vanillin breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of vanillin, an aromatic hydrocarbon which occurs naturally in black vanilla bean pods. [GOC:jl]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, the anion of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, a natural product found in plant tissues. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethylene (ethene), a fruit-ripening hormone in plants. [UM-BBD_pathwayID:acp]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-keto-sphinganine, a derivative of sphinganine with a ketone group at C3. It is an intermediate in the synthesis of sphingosine. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline. The presence of hydroxyproline is essential to produce stable triple helical tropocollagen, hence the problems caused by ascorbate deficiency in scurvy. This unusual amino acid is also present in considerable amounts in the major glycoprotein of primary plant cell walls. [GOC:ai]


4-hydroxyproline anabolism
4-hydroxyproline formation
4-hydroxyproline synthesis
4-hydroxyproline biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline. [GOC:ai]


4-hydroxyproline breakdown
4-hydroxyproline catabolism
4-hydroxyproline degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline. [GOC:ai]


peptidyl-proline hydroxylation to 4-hydroxy-L-proline

The modification of peptidyl-proline to form 4-hydroxy-L-proline; catalyzed by procollagen-proline,2-oxoglutarate-4-dioxygenase. [RESID:AA0030]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea, an intermediate or end product of purine catabolism. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198547684]


allantoin formation
allantoin biosynthesis
allantoin anabolism
allantoin synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea. [GOC:go_curators]


allantoin degradation
allantoin catabolism
allantoin breakdown

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198547684]


amine formation
amine biosynthesis
amine anabolism
amine synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


aromatic amino acid family formation
aromatic amino acid family synthesis
aromatic amino acid family biosynthesis
aromatic amino acid family anabolism

aromatic amino acid family biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan). [GOC:go_curators]


aromatic amino acid family biosynthetic process, anthranilate pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid; tryptophan is synthesized from chorismate via anthranilate. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0471331309, MetaCyc:TRPSYN-PWY]


aromatic amino acid family biosynthetic process via prephenate(2-)

aromatic amino acid family formation, prephenate pathway

aromatic amino acid family synthesis, prephenate pathway

aromatic amino acid family anabolism, prephenate pathway

aromatic amino acid family biosynthetic process, prephenate pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenylalanine and tyrosine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate prephenate. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0471331309]


shikimate pathway
chorismate formation
chorismate anabolism
chorismate synthesis
chorismate biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the unsymmetrical ether derived from phosphoenolpyruvate and 5-phosphoshikimic acid formed as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and many other compounds. [GOC:sm, ISBN:0198547684]


tyrosine anabolism
tyrosine biosynthesis
tyrosine formation
tyrosine synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid. [GOC:sm]


tyrosine anabolism from chorismate via 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate

tyrosine synthesis from chorismate via 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate

tyrosine biosynthetic process from chorismate via p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate

tyrosine formation from chorismate via 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate

tyrosine biosynthetic process from chorismate via 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrosine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. [GOC:go_curators]


tyrosine anabolism, by oxidation of phenylalanine

tyrosine synthesis, by oxidation of phenylalanine

tyrosine formation, by oxidation of phenylalanine

tyrosine biosynthetic process, by oxidation of phenylalanine

The conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. [PMID:4004813]


aromatic amino acid family biosynthetic process, shikimate pathway


aspartate family amino acid biosynthesis

aspartate family amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine. [GOC:ai]


asparagine synthesis
asparagine formation
asparagine biosynthesis
asparagine anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid. [GOC:go_curators]


asparagine synthesis from cysteine
asparagine formation from cysteine
asparagine anabolism from cysteine

asparagine biosynthetic process from cysteine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine from other compounds, including cysteine. [GOC:go_curators]


asparagine anabolism from oxaloacetate
asparagine synthesis from oxaloacetate
asparagine formation from oxaloacetate

asparagine biosynthetic process from oxaloacetate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine from other compounds, including oxaloacetate. [GOC:go_curators]


aspartate formation
aspartate synthesis
aspartate biosynthesis
aspartate anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732]


lysine formation
lysine biosynthetic process
lysine anabolism
lysine biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid. [GOC:go_curators]


aerobactin anabolism
aerobactin formation
aerobactin synthesis
aerobactin biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aerobactin (C22H36N4O13), a hydroxamate iron transport compound. It is a conjugate of 6-(N-acetyl-N-hydroxylamine)-2-aminohexanoic acid and citric acid. [GOC:ai]


lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelic acid

lysine biosynthesis via diaminopimelic acid

lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediate diaminopimelate. [GOC:go_curators]


diaminopimelate biosynthesis
diaminopimelate anabolism
diaminopimelate formation
diaminopimelate synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diaminopimelate, both as an intermediate in lysine biosynthesis and as a component (as meso-diaminopimelate) of the peptidoglycan of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls. [GOC:ma, ISBN:0198547684]


lysine biosynthesis, aminoadipic pathway

lysine biosynthesis, aminoadipic acid pathway

lysine biosynthetic process, aminoadipic pathway

lysine biosynthetic process, aminoadipic acid pathway

lysine biosynthetic process via aminoadipic acid

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine by the aminoadipic pathway. [GOC:go_curators]


methionine biosynthesis
methionine formation
methionine synthesis
methionine anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


L-methionine synthesis from homoserine via O-acetyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine

L-methionine formation from homoserine via O-acetyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine

L-methionine anabolism from homoserine via O-acetyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine

L-methionine biosynthetic process from homoserine via O-acetyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methionine from other compounds, including homoserine, via the intermediates O-acetyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine. [GOC:go_curators]


L-methionine anabolism from homoserine via O-succinyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine

L-methionine synthesis from homoserine via O-succinyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine

L-methionine formation from homoserine via O-succinyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine

L-methionine biosynthetic process from homoserine via O-succinyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from other compounds, including homoserine, via the intermediates O-succinyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine. [GOC:go_curators]


L-methionine formation from S-adenosylmethionine

L-methionine synthesis from S-adenosylmethionine

L-methionine salvage from S-adenosylmethionine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from S-adenosylmethionine. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:vw]


threonine synthesis
threonine formation
threonine biosynthesis
threonine anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


branched chain family amino acid formation

branched chain family amino acid anabolism

branched chain family amino acid biosynthetic process

branched chain family amino acid biosynthesis

branched chain family amino acid synthesis

branched-chain amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine. [GOC:ai]


isoleucine synthesis
isoleucine formation
isoleucine anabolism
isoleucine biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid. [GOC:ai]


leucine biosynthesis
leucine anabolism
leucine formation
leucine synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid. [GOC:ai]


valine anabolism
valine biosynthesis
valine synthesis
valine formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid. [GOC:ai]


D-amino acid formation
D-amino acid synthesis
D-amino acid biosynthesis
D-amino acid anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-amino acids, the D-enantiomers of amino acids. [GOC:ai, GOC:jsg]


D-alanine biosynthesis
D-alanine formation
D-alanine anabolism
D-alanine synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid alanine, i.e (2R)-2-aminopropanoic acid. [GOC:jsg, GOC:mah]


glutamine family amino acid biosynthesis

glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline. [GOC:ai]


arginine anabolism
arginine formation
arginine synthesis
arginine biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid. [ISBN:0198506732]


arginine formation via ornithine
arginine synthesis via ornithine
arginine anabolism via ornithine

arginine biosynthetic process via ornithine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arginine (2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid) via the intermediate compound ornithine. [GOC:jl]


glutamic acid biosynthesis
glutamate anabolism
glutamate synthesis
glutamate biosynthesis
glutamic acid biosynthetic process
glutamate formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid. [GOC:go_curators]


glutamate biosynthesis, using glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+)

glutamate biosynthetic process, using glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+)

OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamate, catalyzed by the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP+). [GOC:go_curators]


glutamate biosynthetic process, using glutamate synthase (NADPH)

glutamate biosynthesis, using glutamate synthase (NADPH)

OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamate, catalyzed by the enzyme glutamate synthase (NADPH). [GOC:go_curators]


glutamine anabolism
glutamine formation
glutamine synthesis
glutamine biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid. [GOC:ai]


proline synthesis
proline formation
proline anabolism
proline biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. [ISBN:0198506732]


histidine formation
histidine anabolism
histidine synthesis
histidine biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid. [GOC:go_curators]


beta-alanine anabolism
beta-alanine formation
beta-alanine synthesis
beta-alanine biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


ornithine biosynthesis
ornithine formation
ornithine anabolism
ornithine synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0192801023]


pyruvate family amino acid synthesis
pyruvate family amino acid anabolism
pyruvate family amino acid biosynthesis
pyruvate family amino acid formation

pyruvate family amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any amino acid that requires pyruvate for its synthesis, e.g. alanine. [GOC:jl]


alanine anabolism
alanine synthesis
alanine biosynthesis
alanine formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid. [GOC:go_curators]