down regulation of T cell differentiation

downregulation of T cell differentiation

negative regulation of T-cell differentiation

negative regulation of T-lymphocyte differentiation

down-regulation of T cell differentiation

negative regulation of T lymphocyte differentiation

negative regulation of T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


negative regulation of regulatory T lymphocyte differentiation

down-regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation

negative regulation of suppressor T cell differentiation

negative regulation of regulatory T-cell differentiation

downregulation of regulatory T cell differentiation

down regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation

negative regulation of suppressor T-cell differentiation

negative regulation of regulatory T-lymphocyte differentiation

negative regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of differentiation of regulatory T cells. [ISBN:0781735149]


downregulation of T-helper cell differentiation

down-regulation of T-helper cell differentiation

down regulation of T-helper cell differentiation

negative regulation of T-helper cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


down regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation

down-regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation

downregulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation

negative regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


down-regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation

downregulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation

down regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation

negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


positive regulation of T lymphocyte differentiation

positive regulation of T-lymphocyte differentiation

positive regulation of T-cell differentiation

positive regulation of T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


positive regulation of regulatory T lymphocyte differentiation

upregulation of regulatory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of regulatory T-cell differentiation

up-regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of suppressor T cell differentiation

positive regulation of suppressor T-cell differentiation

positive regulation of regulatory T-lymphocyte differentiation

up regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation

positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells. [ISBN:0781735149]


upregulation of T-helper cell differentiation

up regulation of T-helper cell differentiation

up-regulation of T-helper cell differentiation

positive regulation of T-helper cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


up-regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation

upregulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation

up regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation

positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


upregulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation

up regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation

up-regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation

positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


regulation of suppressor T-lymphocyte differentiation

regulation of suppressor T-cell differentiation

regulation of suppressor T lymphocyte differentiation

regulation of regulatory T-lymphocyte differentiation

regulation of regulatory T-cell differentiation

regulation of suppressor T cell differentiation

regulation of regulatory T lymphocyte differentiation

regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells. [ISBN:0781735149]


regulation of T-helper cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation. [GOC:go_curators]


suppressor T-cell differentiation
suppressor T lymphocyte differentiation
regulatory T-cell differentiation
suppressor T cell differentiation
suppressor T-lymphocyte differentiation
regulatory T lymphocyte differentiation
regulatory T-lymphocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a regulatory T cell. Regulatory T cells control or suppress immune responses through a variety of mechanisms and subsets include the CD4+CD25+ cell type as well as certain CD8+ cell types. [ISBN:0781735149]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized thymocyte acquires specialized features of a T-helper cell. [GOC:ebc]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires the specialized features of a T-helper 1 (Th1) cell. A Th1 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype T-bet-positive and produces interferon-gamma. [CL:0000545, GOC:ebc]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a T-helper 2 (Th2) cell. A Th2 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype GATA-3-positive and produces interleukin-4. [CL:0000546, GOC:ebc]


T-lymphocyte proliferation
T cell proliferation
T-cell proliferation

The expansion of a T cell population by cell division. Follows T cell activation. [GOC:jl]


alpha-beta T-lymphocyte proliferation
alpha-beta T-cell proliferation
alpha-beta T lymphocyte proliferation

The expansion of an alpha-beta T cell population by cell division. [GOC:ai]


regulation of alpha-beta T lymphocyte proliferation

regulation of alpha-beta T-cell proliferation

regulation of alpha-beta T-lymphocyte proliferation

regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell proliferation. [GOC:ai]


negative regulation of alpha-beta T-cell proliferation

negative regulation of alpha-beta T lymphocyte proliferation

down regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation

downregulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation

negative regulation of alpha-beta T-lymphocyte proliferation

down-regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation

negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell proliferation. [GOC:ai]


positive regulation of alpha-beta T lymphocyte proliferation

up regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation

positive regulation of alpha-beta T-cell proliferation

upregulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation

positive regulation of alpha-beta T-lymphocyte proliferation

up-regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation

positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell proliferation. [GOC:ai]


gamma-delta T-lymphocyte proliferation
gamma-delta T lymphocyte proliferation
gamma-delta T-cell proliferation

The expansion of a gamma-delta T cell population by cell division. [GOC:ai]


regulation of gamma-delta T-lymphocyte proliferation

regulation of gamma-delta T lymphocyte proliferation

regulation of gamma-delta T-cell proliferation

regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell proliferation. [GOC:ai]


down regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation

negative regulation of gamma-delta T-cell proliferation

negative regulation of gamma-delta T-lymphocyte proliferation

down-regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation

negative regulation of gamma-delta T lymphocyte proliferation

downregulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation

negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell proliferation. [GOC:ai]


upregulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation

up-regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation

up regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation

positive regulation of gamma-delta T-cell proliferation

positive regulation of gamma-delta T lymphocyte proliferation

positive regulation of gamma-delta T-lymphocyte proliferation

positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell proliferation. [GOC:ai]


regulation of T lymphocyte proliferation

regulation of T-lymphocyte proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell proliferation. [GOC:jl]


negative regulation of T-cell proliferation

negative regulation of T lymphocyte proliferation

negative regulation of T-lymphocyte proliferation

negative regulation of T cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of T cell proliferation. [GOC:jl]


down-regulation of activated T cell proliferation

down regulation of activated T cell proliferation

negative regulation of activated T-lymphocyte proliferation

negative regulation of activated T lymphocyte proliferation

downregulation of activated T cell proliferation

negative regulation of activated T-cell proliferation

negative regulation of activated T cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of activated T cell proliferation. [GOC:go_curators]


down regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation

downregulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation

negative regulation of T-lymphocyte homeostatic proliferation

negative regulation of T lymphocyte homeostatic proliferation

negative regulation of resting T cell proliferation

negative regulation of T-cell homeostatic proliferation

down-regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation

negative regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of resting T cell proliferation. [GOC:go_curators]


positive regulation of T lymphocyte proliferation

positive regulation of T-lymphocyte proliferation

positive regulation of T cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of T cell proliferation. [GOC:ai]


positive regulation of activated T-lymphocyte proliferation

up regulation of activated T cell proliferation

up-regulation of activated T cell proliferation

positive regulation of activated T-cell proliferation

upregulation of activated T cell proliferation

positive regulation of activated T lymphocyte proliferation

positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of activated T cell proliferation. [GOC:jl]


positive regulation of T-lymphocyte homeostatic proliferation

positive regulation of T lymphocyte homeostatic proliferation

up regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation

upregulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation

positive regulation of T-cell homeostatic proliferation

positive regulation of resting T cell proliferation

up-regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation

positive regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of resting T cell proliferation. [GOC:jl]


regulation of activated T-lymphocyte proliferation

regulation of activated T-cell proliferation

regulation of activated T lymphocyte proliferation

regulation of activated T cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell proliferation. [GOC:go_curators]


regulation of T lymphocyte homeostatic proliferation

regulation of T-cell homeostatic proliferation

regulation of T-lymphocyte homeostatic proliferation

regulation of resting T cell proliferation

regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of resting T cell proliferation. [GOC:go_curators]


The change in morphology and behavior of a natural killer cell in response to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. [GOC:mgi_curators, ISBN:0781735149]


T-cell activation
T cell activation
T-lymphocyte activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. [GOC:mgi_curators, ISBN:0781735149]


alpha-beta T-lymphocyte activation
alpha-beta T-cell activation
alpha-beta T lymphocyte activation

The change in morphology and behavior of an alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. [GOC:add]


regulation of alpha-beta T-cell activation

regulation of alpha-beta T lymphocyte activation

regulation of alpha-beta T-lymphocyte activation

regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell activation. [GOC:ai]


negative regulation of alpha-beta T lymphocyte activation

down-regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation

downregulation of alpha-beta T cell activation

negative regulation of alpha-beta T-cell activation

down regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation

negative regulation of alpha-beta T-lymphocyte activation

negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell activation. [GOC:ai]


up-regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation

up regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation

positive regulation of alpha-beta T-cell activation

upregulation of alpha-beta T cell activation

positive regulation of alpha-beta T-lymphocyte activation

positive regulation of alpha-beta T lymphocyte activation

positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell activation. [GOC:ai]


gamma-delta T lymphocyte activation
gamma-delta T-lymphocyte activation
gamma-delta T-cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a gamma-delta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. [GOC:add]


regulation of gamma-delta T-lymphocyte activation

regulation of gamma-delta T-cell activation

regulation of gamma-delta T lymphocyte activation

regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation. [GOC:ai]


downregulation of gamma-delta T cell activation

negative regulation of gamma-delta T lymphocyte activation

down-regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation

negative regulation of gamma-delta T-cell activation

negative regulation of gamma-delta T-lymphocyte activation

down regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation

negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation. [GOC:ai]


up-regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation

positive regulation of gamma-delta T-cell activation

positive regulation of gamma-delta T lymphocyte activation

positive regulation of gamma-delta T-lymphocyte activation

upregulation of gamma-delta T cell activation

up regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation

positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation. [GOC:ai]


The change in morphology and behavior of a mast cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the mast cell has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors. [GOC:mgi_curators, ISBN:0781735149]


The change in morphology and behavior of a monocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. [GOC:mgi_curators, ISBN:0781735149]


A defense response that is mediated by cells. [GOC:ebc]


An immune response which is associated with resistance to intracellular bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and pathological conditions such as arthritis, and which is typically orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines by T-helper 1 cells, most notably interferon-gamma, IL-2, and lymphotoxin. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


An immune response mediated through a body fluid. [GOC:hb, ISBN:0198506732]


An immune response against microbes mediated through a body fluid. Examples of this process are seen in the antimicrobial humoral response of Drosophila melanogaster and Mus musculus. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu]


An immune response against bacteria mediated through a body fluid. Examples of this process are the antibacterial humoral responses in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu]


up regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process

upregulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process

up-regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process

positive regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide biosynthesis. [GOC:mah, PMID:10973475]


upregulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria

up-regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria

anti-Gram-negative bacterial peptide induction

anti-Gram-negative bacterial polypeptide induction

up regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria

positive regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria. [GOC:mah, PMID:10973475]


anti-Gram-positive bacterial polypeptide induction

up-regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria

upregulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria

up regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria

anti-Gram-positive bacterial peptide induction

positive regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria. [GOC:mah, PMID:10973475]


male-specific antibacterial humoral response

An immune response against bacteria, specific to males and mediated through a body fluid. [GOC:go_curators]


An immune response against a fungus mediated through a body fluid. An example of this process is the antifungal humoral response in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_sensu]


upregulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process

up regulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process

up-regulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process

positive regulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide biosynthesis. [GOC:mah]


down-regulation of antimicrobial humoral response

attenuation of antimicrobial humoral response

down regulation of antimicrobial humoral response

downregulation of antimicrobial humoral response

negative regulation of antimicrobial humoral response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an antimicrobial humoral response. [GOC:go_curators]


Any process in which factors in the hemolymph (the invertebrate equivalent of vertebrate blood and lymph) precipitate into insoluble clots in order to prevent loss of body fluid, and at the same time prevent the movement of microbes. Hemolymph coagulation is also part of the invertebrate humoral immune response. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732, PMID:10561606, PMID:11915949]


An immune response mediated by immunoglobulins, whether cell-bound or in solution. [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


B-lymphocyte mediated immune effector process

B lymphocyte mediated immune effector process

Any process involved with the carrying out of an immune response by a B cell, through, for instance, the production of antibodies or cytokines, or antigen presentation to T cells. [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


regulation of complement cascade, alternative pathway

regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the alternative pathway of complement activation. [GOC:go_curators]


down-regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway

down regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway

negative regulation of complement cascade, alternative pathway

downregulation of complement activation, alternative pathway

negative regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the alternative pathway. [GOC:go_curators]


upregulation of complement activation, alternative pathway

up regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway

up-regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway

positive regulation of complement cascade, alternative pathway

positive regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the alternative pathway. [GOC:go_curators]


complement activation, classical pathway

Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the classical pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes, the disposal of immune complexes, and the regulation of other immune processes. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


regulation of complement cascade, classical pathway

regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the classical pathway of complement activation. [GOC:go_curators]


negative regulation of complement cascade, classical pathway

down regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

downregulation of complement activation, classical pathway

down-regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the classical pathway. [GOC:go_curators]


upregulation of complement activation, classical pathway

positive regulation of complement cascade, classical pathway

up-regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

up regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

positive regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the classical pathway. [GOC:go_curators]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation. [GOC:go_curators]


positive regulation of complement cascade

positive regulation of complement activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation. [GOC:go_curators]


A response to non-pathogenic bacteria that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling. [PMID:10234273]


The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages. [GO_REF:0000022, ISBN:0198506732]


leucocyte cellular extravasation
transendothelial leukocyte migration
immune cell cellular extravasation
leukocyte cellular extravasation

The migration of a leukocyte from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue. [GOC:jl]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection. [GOC:ebc]


down regulation of innate immune response

downregulation of innate immune response

down-regulation of innate immune response

negative regulation of innate immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response. [GOC:go_curators]


up-regulation of innate immune response
up regulation of innate immune response
upregulation of innate immune response

positive regulation of innate immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection. [GOC:ebc]


jasmonic acid/ethylene-dependent systemic resistance

jasmonic acid and ethene-dependent systemic resistance

jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance

The jasmonic acid and ethylene (ethene) dependent process that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease in response to wounding or a pathogen. [GOC:jy, PMID:10234273]


ethylene biosynthetic process from L-methionine

ethene biosynthetic process from L-methionine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator. [ISBN:0387969845]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, a natural product found in plant tissues. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethylene (ethene), a fruit-ripening hormone in plants. [GOC:go_curators]


jasmonic acid formation
jasmonic acid anabolism
jasmonic acid synthesis
jasmonic acid biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of jasmonic acid, a fatty acid derivative. [ISBN:0387969845]


salicylic acid-dependent systemic resistance

The salicylic acid mediated response to a pathogen which confers broad spectrum resistance. [GOC:lr, ISBN:0521436125]


induction of phytoalexin anabolism
induction of phytoalexin synthesis
induction of phytoalexin formation
induction of phytoalexin biosynthesis

induction of phytoalexin biosynthetic process

The activation of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins, low-molecular mass, lipophilic antimicrobial compounds that accumulate rapidly at sites of incompatible pathogen infection. [ISBN:0943088399]


indole phytoalexin biosynthesis
indole phytoalexin synthesis
indole phytoalexin formation
indole phytoalexin anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole phytoalexins, any indole compound produced by plants as part of their defense response. [GOC:sm, ISBN:0198547684]


isoflavonoid phytoalexin synthesis
isoflavonoid phytoalexin anabolism
isoflavonoid phytoalexin biosynthesis
isoflavonoid phytoalexin formation

isoflavonoid phytoalexin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoflavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives isomeric with flavonoids that possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection. [GOC:ai]


virus-induced PTGS
RNAi-mediated antiviral immunity
VIGS
virus induced gene silencing
RNAi-mediated antiviral immune response

A post-transcriptional gene silencing pathway mediated by the action of regulatory RNAs that protects against foreign organism invasion by restricting viral replication and dissemination. [GOC:jl, PMID:17693253, PMID:21724934, PMID:23686236, PMID:24732439, PMID:31100912]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a bacterium. [GOC:hb]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiotic bacterium, a bacterium living in close physical association with another organism. [GOC:hb, ISBN:0198506732]


cellular DNA damage response
response to genotoxic stress
DNA damage response
response to DNA damage stimulus

cellular response to DNA damage stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. [GOC:go_curators]


DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in cell cycle arrest


DNA damage induced protein phosphorylation

The widespread phosphorylation of various molecules, triggering many downstream processes, that occurs in response to the detection of DNA damage. [GOC:go_curators]


DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis


Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins, the length of telomeric DNA and the replication and repair of the DNA. These processes includes those that shorten, lengthen, replicate and repair the telomeric DNA sequences. [GOC:BHF, GOC:BHF_telomere, GOC:elh, GOC:rl, PMID:11092831]


The maintenance of proper telomeric length by the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase. [GOC:elh]


A process in which telomeres are protected from degradation and fusion, thereby ensuring chromosome stability by protecting the ends from both degradation and from being recognized as damaged DNA. May be mediated by specific single- or double-stranded telomeric DNA binding proteins. [GOC:mah, GOC:rn, PMID:11349150, PMID:11352055]


endoplasmic reticulum overload response
ER overload response
ER-overload response

The series of molecular signals initiated by the accumulation of normal or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and leading to activation of transcription by NF-kappaB. [PMID:10390516]


endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling pathway

endoplasmic reticulum-nuclear signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals that conveys information from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus, usually resulting in a change in transcriptional regulation. [GOC:mah]


positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity by ER overload response


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a fungus. [GOC:hb]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiotic fungus, a fungus living in close physical association with another organism. [GOC:hb, ISBN:0198506732]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus. [GOC:hb]


The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, such as leaves or tendrils, in response to a touch stimulus, usually toward or away from it. [GOC:jl, PMID:16153165]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals. [GOC:jl, PMID:12115731]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid hydroperoxide stimulus. Lipid hydroperoxide is the highly reactive primary oxygenated products of polyunsaturated fatty acids. [GOC:jl, PMID:10944149]


response to reactive oxygen intermediate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals. [GOC:krc]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus. [GOC:jl]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen radical stimulus. An oxygen radical is any oxygen species that carries a free electron; examples include hydroxyl radicals and the superoxide anion. [GOC:krc, ISBN:0124325653]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a superoxide stimulus. Superoxide is the anion, oxygen-, formed by addition of one electron to dioxygen (O2) or any compound containing the superoxide anion. [GOC:krc, ISBN:0198506732]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a singlet oxygen stimulus. Singlet oxygen is a dioxygen (O2) molecule in which two 2p electrons have similar spin. Singlet oxygen is more highly reactive than the form in which these electrons are of opposite spin, and it is produced in mutant chloroplasts lacking carotenoids and by leukocytes during metabolic burst. [GOC:krc, ISBN:0124325653, ISBN:0198506732]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from an insect. [GOC:hb]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a nematode. [GOC:hb]


response to protozoon
response to protozoa

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a protozoan. [GOC:ai]


defence response to virus
defense response to virus
antiviral response
response to viruses
defense response to viruses

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus. [GOC:hb]


A response by bacterial cells to a variety of stresses including filamentous phage infection, mislocalization of envelope proteins, extremes of temperature, osmolarity or ethanol concentration, and the presence of proton ionophores such as carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), that involves expression of the phage shock protein operon, and acts to protect the bacterial cells from damage. [GOC:add, GOC:jl, PMID:15485810, PMID:16045608]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nourishment. [GOC:jl]


fruiting body development in cellular response to starvation


sorocarp biosynthesis
sorocarp formation

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sorocarp over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the aggregation of individual cells and ends with the mature sorocarp. The sorocarp is a structure containing a spore-bearing sorus that sits on top of a stalk. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum. [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0521583640, PMID:4332228]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of glucose. [GOC:jl]


cellular response to nitrogen starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nitrogen. [GOC:jl]


cellular response to phosphate starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of phosphate. [GOC:jl]


A specific global change in the metabolism of a bacterial cell (the downregulation of nucleic acid and protein synthesis, and the simultaneous upregulation of protein degradation and amino acid synthesis) as a result of starvation. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0124325653, PMID:11282471]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of sterols. Sterols are a group of steroids characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule. [GOC:bf, ISBN:0198506732]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiont, an organism living with an organism of a different species in close physical association. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:hb, ISBN:0198506732]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an unfolded protein stimulus. [GOC:mah]


unfolded protein response, activation of target gene transcription

unfolded protein response, target gene transcriptional activation


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism. [GOC:go_curators]


The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to environmental oxygen. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0192801023]


taxis in response to oxidizable substrate

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of an oxidizable substrate, for example, fructose. [GOC:jl, PMID:11029423]


taxis in response to redox potential
taxis in response to redox stimulus
redoxtaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to redox potential. [GOC:jl, PMID:11029423]


energytaxis
taxis in response to energy source

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. [GOC:jl, PMID:11029423]


phototactic behaviour
phototactic behavior
phototaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to light. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0192800981]


The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of an alternative electron acceptor, for example, nitrate. [GOC:jl, PMID:11029423]


taxis in response to gravitational stimulus

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to gravity. [GOC:jid, GOC:jl]


cell surface receptor linked signalling pathway

cell surface receptor linked signal transduction

cell surface receptor linked signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by activation of a receptor on the surface of a cell. The pathway begins with binding of an extracellular ligand to a cell surface receptor, or for receptors that signal in the absence of a ligand, by ligand-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:bf, GOC:mah, GOC:pr, GOC:signaling]


cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a cytokine to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, PMID:19295629]


enzyme linked receptor protein signaling pathway

enzyme linked receptor protein signalling pathway

enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, where the receptor possesses catalytic activity or is closely associated with an enzyme such as a protein kinase, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, ISBN:0815316194]


receptor guanylyl cyclase signalling pathway

receptor guanylyl cyclase signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses guanylyl cyclase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, PMID:16815030]


transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signalling pathway

transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses serine/threonine kinase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling]


transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

transforming growth factor beta receptor signalling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, GOC:signaling]


bone morphogenetic protein signalling pathway

bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:signaling, ISBN:0878932437, PMID:17428827]


regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway

regulation of BMP receptor signaling pathway

regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signalling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any BMP receptor signaling pathway. [GOC:mah]


down regulation of BMP signaling pathway

negative regulation of BMP signalling pathway

negative regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signalling pathway

negative regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway

down-regulation of BMP signaling pathway

negative regulation of BMP receptor signaling pathway

negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the BMP signaling pathway. [GOC:go_curators]


positive regulation of BMP receptor signaling pathway

positive regulation of BMP signalling pathway

positive regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signalling pathway

positive regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway

positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway activity. [GOC:go_curators]


common-mediator SMAD protein phosphorylation

common partner SMAD protein phosphorylation

common mediator SMAD protein phosphorylation

common-partner SMAD protein phosphorylation

The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a common-partner SMAD protein. A common partner SMAD protein binds to pathway-restricted SMAD proteins forming a complex that translocates to the nucleus. [GOC:dph, ISBN:3527303782]


regulation of TGFbeta receptor signaling pathway

regulation of TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway

regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signalling pathway

regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activity of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway. [GOC:mah]


down-regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signalling pathway

downregulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

negative regulation of TGFbeta receptor signaling pathway

down regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

negative regulation of TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway

negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway. [GOC:mah]


up-regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

upregulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

positive regulation of TGFbeta receptor signaling pathway

up regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

positive regulation of TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway

positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signalling pathway

positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway activity. [GOC:go_curators]


The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex that contains SMAD proteins. [GOC:isa_complete]


TGF-beta:type II receptor:type I receptor complex assembly

transforming growth factor beta receptor complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a ligand-bound type II transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) receptor dimer with a type I TGF-beta receptor dimer, following ligand binding, to form a heterotetrameric TGF-beta receptor complex. [GOC:jl, Reactome:R-HSA-170840, Wikipedia:TGF_beta_signaling_pathway]


transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signalling pathway

transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:ceb, GOC:signaling]


epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway

receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-1 signaling pathway

epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor EGFR (ERBB1) on the surface of a cell. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:ceb]


epidermal growth factor ligand processing


signaling by Gurken
gurken receptor signalling pathway
gurken receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an epidermal growth factor receptor binding to a ligand Gurken. [GOC:bf, PMID:23972992]


regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity

regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of EGF-activated receptor activity. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators]


negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity

down regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity

downregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity

negative regulation of EGF receptor activity

down-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity

negative regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of EGF-activated receptor activity. [GOC:go_curators]


regulation of EGF receptor signalling pathway

regulation of EGF receptor signaling pathway

regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity. [GOC:go_curators]


down regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway

negative regulation of EGFR signaling pathway

downregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway

down-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway

negative regulation of EGF receptor signalling pathway

negative regulation of EGF receptor signaling pathway

negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity. [GOC:go_curators]


up-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway

up regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway

positive regulation of EGFR signaling pathway

upregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway

positive regulation of EGF receptor signalling pathway

positive regulation of EGF receptor signaling pathway

positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity. [GOC:go_curators]


Eph receptor signalling pathway
Eph receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by ephrin binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:ceb]


fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway

fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. [GOC:ceb]


regulation of FGF receptor signalling pathway

regulation of FGF receptor signaling pathway

regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity. [GOC:go_curators]


down-regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

downregulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

negative regulation of FGFR signaling pathway

negative regulation of FGF receptor signalling pathway

down regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

negative regulation of FGF receptor signaling pathway

negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity. [GOC:go_curators]


up regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

positive regulation of FGF receptor signaling pathway

upregulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

positive regulation of FGFR signaling pathway

up-regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

positive regulation of FGF receptor signalling pathway

positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity. [GOC:go_curators]


hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a hepatocyte growth factor receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:ceb]


IGF receptor signaling pathway
IGF receptor signalling pathway

insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to an insulin-like growth factor receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:ceb]


The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to insulin. [GOC:ceb]


regulation of insulin receptor signalling pathway

regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling. [GOC:bf]


negative regulation of insulin receptor signalling pathway

down-regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway

downregulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway

down regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway

negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling. [GOC:bf]


upregulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway

positive regulation of insulin receptor signalling pathway

up regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway

up-regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway

positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling. [GOC:bf]


PDGFR signaling pathway
PDGF receptor signaling pathway
PDGF receptor signalling pathway

platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:ceb]


sev receptor signaling pathway
sevenless signalling pathway
sev signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to sevenless (sev; a receptor tyrosine kinase) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:bf, GOC:signaling, PMID:10771085]


regulation of sevenless signalling pathway

regulation of sevenless signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway. [GOC:go_curators]


negative regulation of sevenless signalling pathway

down regulation of sevenless signaling pathway

down-regulation of sevenless signaling pathway

downregulation of sevenless signaling pathway

negative regulation of sev signaling pathway

negative regulation of sevenless signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway. [GOC:go_curators]


up-regulation of sevenless signaling pathway

up regulation of sevenless signaling pathway

upregulation of sevenless signaling pathway

positive regulation of sev signaling pathway

positive regulation of sevenless signalling pathway

positive regulation of sevenless signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway. [GOC:go_curators]


The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a complex capable of relaying a signal within a cell. [GOC:bf, GOC:signaling, PMID:9646862]


angiopoietin-Tie signaling pathway
Tie receptor signaling pathway
Tie receptor signalling pathway
angiopoietin/Tie signaling pathway
Tek receptor signaling

The series of molecular signals initiated by an angiopoietin binding to the Tie receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:ceb, GOC:signaling, PMID:11283723, PMID:11566266]


The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to torso (a receptor tyrosine kinase) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:go_curators, PMID:8343949]


transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase ligand binding

OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete). [GOC:mah]


VEGF receptor signalling pathway
VEGFR signaling pathway
VEGF receptor signaling pathway

vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) on the surface of the target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:ceb, GOC:signaling]


transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signalling pathway

transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses protein tyrosine phosphatase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling]


acetylcholine receptor signalling, muscarinic pathway

muscarinic acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway

G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway

G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a ligand binding to an acetylcholine receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194]


The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. [GOC:mah, PMID:21711983]


G-protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger

G protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger

G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger

GPCR signaling pathway via cyclic nucleotide second messenger

G protein signalling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger

G-protein signalling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger

G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation or inhibition of a nucleotide cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the concentration of a cyclic nucleotide. [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, ISBN:0815316194]


adenylate cyclase-modulating GPCR signaling pathway

G-protein signalling, coupled to cAMP nucleotide second messenger

GPCR signaling pathway via modulation of adenylate cyclase activity

G protein signaling, coupled to cyclic AMP nucleotide second messenger

G protein signalling, coupled to cyclic AMP nucleotide second messenger

GPCR signaling pathway via cAMP second messenger

G protein signaling, coupled to cAMP nucleotide second messenger

G-protein signalling, coupled to cyclic AMP nucleotide second messenger

G protein signalling, coupled to cAMP nucleotide second messenger

G-protein signaling, coupled to cyclic AMP nucleotide second messenger

G-protein signaling, coupled to cAMP nucleotide second messenger

adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation or inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, ISBN:0815316194]


G-protein signalling, adenylyl cyclase activating pathway

positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity involved in G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway

G-protein signalling, adenylate cyclase activating pathway

G-protein signaling, adenylyl cyclase activating pathway

GPCR signaling pathway via activation of adenylate cyclase activity

G protein signaling, adenylyl cyclase activating pathway

adenylate cyclase-activating GPCR signaling pathway

G protein signaling, adenylate cyclase activating pathway

G protein signalling, adenylate cyclase activating pathway

G-protein signaling, adenylate cyclase activating pathway

G protein signalling, adenylyl cyclase activating pathway

adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent increase in the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, GOC:tb, ISBN:0815316194]


adenylate cyclase activation
adenylyl cyclase activation

activation of adenylate cyclase activity

Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme adenylate cyclase. [GOC:ai]


dopamine receptor, adenylate cyclase activating pathway

dopamine receptor, adenylyl cyclase activating pathway

adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by dopamine binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling]


serotonin receptor, adenylate cyclase activating pathway

serotonin receptor, adenylyl cyclase activating pathway

activation of adenylate cyclase activity by serotonin receptor signalling pathway

adenylate cyclase-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by serotonin binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, GOC:tb]


G-protein signalling, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway

inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by G-protein signaling pathway

GPCR signaling pathway via inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity

G-protein signaling, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway

G protein signaling, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway

G protein signaling, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway

G-protein signaling, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway

G-protein signalling, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway

G protein signalling, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway

G protein signalling, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway

adenylate cyclase-inhibiting GPCR signaling pathway

adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent decrease in the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, GOC:tb, ISBN:0815316194]


inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signalling pathway

inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signaling pathway

dopamine receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway

dopamine receptor, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway

adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by dopamine binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, GOC:tb]


adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway

inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by G-protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway

metabotropic glutamate receptor, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway

metabotropic glutamate receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway

inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway

inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by metabotropic glutamate receptor signalling pathway

adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by glutamate binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, GOC:tb]


muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway

muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway

adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by acetylcholine binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, GOC:tb]


regulation of adenylate cyclase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity. [GOC:go_curators]


downregulation of adenylate cyclase activity

down-regulation of adenylate cyclase activity

down regulation of adenylate cyclase activity

negative regulation of adenylyl cyclase activity

negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity. [GOC:go_curators]


positive regulation of adenylyl cyclase activity

upregulation of adenylate cyclase activity

up regulation of adenylate cyclase activity

up-regulation of adenylate cyclase activity

positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity. [GOC:go_curators]


inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by serotonin receptor signalling pathway

inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by serotonin receptor signaling pathway

serotonin receptor, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway

serotonin receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway

adenylate cyclase-inhibiting serotonin receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by serotonin binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, GOC:tb]


guanylate cyclase-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway

GPCR signaling pathway via activation of guanylate cyclase activity

G protein signaling, coupled to cGMP nucleotide second messenger

G-protein signalling, coupled to cGMP nucleotide second messenger

GPCR signaling pathway via cGMP second messenger

G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled to cGMP nucleotide second messenger

G-protein signaling, coupled to cGMP nucleotide second messenger

G protein signalling, coupled to cGMP nucleotide second messenger

G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled to cGMP nucleotide second messenger

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by activation of guanylyl cyclase (GC) activity and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic GMP (cGMP). [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, ISBN:0815316194]


G protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)

activation of phospholipase C activity by G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway coupled to IP3 second messenger

phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway

G-protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)

G-protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)

G protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)

G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled to IP3 second messenger

phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent increase in the intracellular concentration of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, GOC:tb, ISBN:0815316194]


cytosolic calcium ion concentration elevation

cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration elevation

elevation of calcium ion concentration in cytosol

elevation of cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration

elevation of calcium ion concentration in cytoplasm

elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration

positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration

Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol. [GOC:ai]


activation of phospholipase C activity by metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway

metabotropic glutamate receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway

activation of phospholipase C activity by metabotropic glutamate receptor signalling pathway

activation of phospholipase C activity by G-protein coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway


muscarinic receptor signaling pathway via activation of PLC

activation of phospholipase C activity by G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway

activation of phospholipase C activity by muscarinic acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway

muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway

activation of phospholipase C activity by muscarinic acetylcholine receptor signalling pathway

phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway

phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway

A phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by acetylcholine binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, GOC:tb]


OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete). [GOC:mah]


The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme phospolipase C as the result of The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb, PMID:8280098]


activation of protein kinase C activity by G-protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway

activation of protein kinase C activity by G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway


serotonin receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway

activation of phospholipase C activity by serotonin receptor signalling pathway

activation of phospholipase C activity by serotonin receptor signaling pathway


activation of phospholipase C activity by tachykinin receptor signalling pathway

tachykinin receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway

activation of phospholipase C activity by tachykinin receptor signaling pathway


gamma-aminobutyric acid signalling pathway

gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated by the binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms, to its receptor on the surface of a target cell. [GOC:mah]


glutamate signaling pathway
glutamate signalling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of glutamate to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, PMID:9131252]


G-protein coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway

metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway

metabotropic glutamate receptor signalling pathway

G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by glutamate binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, PMID:9131252]


A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a neuropeptide binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194]


octopamine or tyramine signalling pathway

octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by octopamine or tyramine binding to their receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. Octopamine and tyramine are decarboxylation products of tyrosine, and are the invertebrate counterparts of the vertebrate adrenergic transmitters. [GOC:mah, PMID:15355245]


regulation of G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway

regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway

regulation of GPCR protein signalling pathway

regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway

regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway

regulation of GPCR protein signaling pathway

regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway

regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. [GOC:go_curators]


negative regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway

downregulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway

negative regulation of GPCR protein signaling pathway

negative regulation of GPCR protein signalling pathway

negative regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway

down regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway

negative regulation of G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway

negative regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway

negative regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway

down-regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway

negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. [GOC:go_curators]


positive regulation of GPCR protein signaling pathway

up-regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway

upregulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway

positive regulation of G-protein-coupled receptor protein signaling pathway

positive regulation of G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway

positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway

positive regulation of GPCR protein signalling pathway

positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway

up regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway

positive regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway

positive regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway

positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway activity. [GOC:go_curators]


Any process resulting in the inhibition or termination of the activity of protein kinase C. [GOC:bf]


The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a serotonin receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. [GOC:mah]


A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by tachykinin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. Tachykinin is a short peptide with the terminal sequence (Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2). [GOC:mah, PMID:14723970]


The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to an integrin on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling]


Notch signalling pathway
N signaling pathway
N signalling pathway
Notch-receptor signalling pathway
Notch receptor signaling pathway
Notch signaling pathway
Notch receptor signalling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to the receptor Notch on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:signaling]


The series of successive proteolytic cleavages of the Notch protein, which result in an active form of the receptor. [PMID:12651094, PMID:14986688]


Notch receptor target transcription factor activation

N receptor target transcription factor activation


regulation of Notch signalling pathway
regulation of N signaling pathway
regulation of N signalling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway. [GOC:go_curators]


down regulation of Notch signaling pathway

negative regulation of N signaling pathway

negative regulation of N signalling pathway

down-regulation of Notch signaling pathway

negative regulation of Notch signalling pathway

downregulation of Notch signaling pathway

negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway. [GOC:go_curators]


positive regulation of N signaling pathway

positive regulation of Notch signalling pathway

positive regulation of N signalling pathway

up regulation of Notch signaling pathway

up-regulation of Notch signaling pathway

positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway. [GOC:go_curators]


signal transduction during osmotic stress

The series of molecular signals initiated in response to osmotic change. [GOC:jl]


osmosensory signalling pathway via Sho1 osmosensor

signal transduction during osmotic stress via Sho1 osmosensor

osmosensory signaling pathway via Sho1 osmosensor

The series of molecular signals generated in response to osmotic change, as mediated through a Sho1 osmosensor system. [GOC:jl]


osmosensory signaling pathway via two-component system

signal transduction during osmotic stress via two-component system

osmolarity signalling pathway via two-component system

osmolarity sensing via two-component system

osmosensory signalling pathway via two-component system

osmolarity signaling pathway via two-component system

osmosensory signaling via phosphorelay pathway

The series of molecular signals generated in response to osmotic change, as mediated through a phosphorelay system. [PMID:9843501]


MAPKKK cascade involved in osmosensory signaling pathway

MAPKKK cascade during osmolarity sensing

MAPKKK cascade involved in osmosensory signalling pathway

MAPK cascade involved in osmosensory signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals in which a stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) cascade relays a signal, containing at least a Hog1/Sty1 family MAPK, a Pbs2/Wis1 family MAPKK and a Ssk2/Win1 family MAP3K. [PMID:17604854, PMID:9561267]


hedgehog signaling pathway
smoothened signalling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened. [GOC:mah, PMID:15205520]


regulation of smoothened receptor activity by patched


negative regulation of smoothened by patched


positive regulation of smoothened by patched


regulation of hedgehog signaling pathway

regulation of smoothened signalling pathway

regulation of smoothened signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling. [GOC:go_curators]


signal transduction downstream of smoothened

The series of molecular signals that are initiated by the transmembrane protein Smoothened. In the presence of a Hedgehog signaling molecule, the Patched protein no longer inhibits the activity of Smoothened, and Smoothened signals via the Hedgehog signaling complex to activate downstream components of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. [PMID:15057936]


activation of hh target transcription factor

positive regulation of hedgehog target transcription factor

positive regulation of hh target transcription factor activity

Any process that increases the activity of a transcription factor that activates transcription of Hedgehog-target genes in response to Smoothened signaling. In Drosophila, Cubitus interruptus (Ci) is the only identified transcription factor so far in the Hedgehog signaling pathway. In vertebrates, members of the Gli protein family are activated in this way. Activation of the Gli/Ci transcription factor is distinct from its stabilization, when proteolytic cleavage is inhibited. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, PMID:11912487, PMID:15057936]


Tl signalling pathway
Tl signaling pathway
Toll signalling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to the receptor Toll on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:go_curators, PMID:11135568, PMID:19126860]


regulation of Tl signaling pathway
regulation of Toll signalling pathway
regulation of Tl signalling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway. [GOC:go_curators]


down-regulation of Toll signaling pathway

negative regulation of Tl signalling pathway

down regulation of Toll signaling pathway

downregulation of Toll signaling pathway

negative regulation of Tl signaling pathway

negative regulation of Toll signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway. [GOC:go_curators]


positive regulation of Tl signalling pathway

positive regulation of Tl signaling pathway

positive regulation of Toll signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway. [GOC:go_curators]


regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway

regulation of frizzled-2 signalling pathway

regulation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway

regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway

regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC). [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]


negative regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway

downregulation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway

negative regulation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway

down-regulation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway

down regulation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway

negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway

negative regulation of frizzled-2 signalling pathway

negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC). [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]


up-regulation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway

up regulation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway

positive regulation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway

positive regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway

positive regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway

upregulation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway

positive regulation of frizzled-2 signalling pathway

positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC). [GOC:go_curators]


regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway

regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway

regulation of frizzled signaling pathway

regulation of frizzled signalling pathway

regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the Wnt signal transduction pathway. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb]


negative regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway

down-regulation of frizzled signaling pathway

negative regulation of frizzled signaling pathway

negative regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway

negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway

downregulation of frizzled signaling pathway

downregulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway

down-regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway

negative regulation of frizzled signalling pathway

down regulation of frizzled signaling pathway

down regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway

negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]


up regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway

up regulation of frizzled signaling pathway

positive regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway

upregulation of frizzled signaling pathway

positive regulation of Wnt-activated signaling pathway

positive regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway

positive regulation of frizzled signalling pathway

up-regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway

upregulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway

positive regulation of frizzled signaling pathway

up-regulation of frizzled signaling pathway

positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signal transduction. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]


intracellular signaling cascade
intracellular signaling chain

The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell. [GOC:bf, GOC:jl, GOC:signaling, ISBN:3527303782]


The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of blue light by photoreceptor molecule, at a wavelength between 400nm and 470nm. [GOC:lr, GOC:sm]


intracellular receptor-mediated signaling pathway

intracellular receptor-mediated signalling pathway

intracellular receptor mediated signaling pathway

intracellular receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a receptor located within a cell. [GOC:bf, GOC:mah]


steroid hormone receptor signalling pathway

steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway


The series of molecular signals initiated by androgen binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:mah]


nitric oxide-mediated signal transduction

nitric oxide mediated signal transduction

Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via nitric oxide (NO). Includes synthesis of nitric oxide, receptors/sensors for nitric oxide (such as soluble guanylyl cyclase/sGC) and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. Nitric oxide transmits its downstream effects through either cyclic GMP (cGMP)-dependent or independent mechanisms. [GOC:jl, PMID:21549190]


JAK-STAT signal transduction
JAK-STAT cascade

Any process in which STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) and JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) proteins convey a signal to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. The receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT begins with activation of a receptor and proceeeds through STAT protein activation by members of the JAK family of tyrosine kinases. STAT proteins dimerize and subsequently translocate to the nucleus. The pathway ends with regulation of target gene expression by STAT proteins. [GOC:bf, GOC:jl, GOC:signaling, PMID:12039028]


regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor signaling via JAK-STAT. [GOC:bf]


down-regulation of JAK-STAT cascade
down regulation of JAK-STAT cascade
downregulation of JAK-STAT cascade

negative regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT. [GOC:bf]


up regulation of JAK-STAT cascade
upregulation of JAK-STAT cascade
up-regulation of JAK-STAT cascade

positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway activity. [GOC:bf]


The process of introducing a phosphate group to a serine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein. [GOC:jl, PMID:10918594]


tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein

The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein. [GOC:jl, PMID:10918594]


regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein. [GOC:jl, PMID:11426647]


down regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein

down-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein

downregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein

negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein. [GOC:jl, PMID:11426647]


up regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein

upregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein

up-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein

positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein. [GOC:jl, PMID:11426647]


regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein


regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein


regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein


regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein


regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein


regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein


regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein


tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein


tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein


tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein


tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein


tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein


tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein


tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein


An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a JNK (a MAPK), a JNKK (a MAPKK) and a JUN3K (a MAP3K). The cascade can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell. [GOC:bf, GOC:signaling, PMID:11790549, PMID:20811974]


The process of introducing a phosphate group into a JUN protein. [GOC:jl]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade. [GOC:bf]


downregulation of JNK cascade
down regulation of JNK cascade
down-regulation of JNK cascade

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade. [GOC:bf]


up regulation of JNK cascade
upregulation of JNK cascade
up-regulation of JNK cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade. [GOC:bf]


MAPKKK cascade involved in cell wall biogenesis

MAPK cascade involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis

MAPK cascade involved in cell wall biogenesis

A MAPK cascade that contributes to cell wall organization or biogenesis. [PMID:17604854, PMID:9561267]


OBSOLETE. MAPKKK cascade involved in transduction of signal promoting pseudohyphal or invasive growth. [PMID:9561267]


I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signal transduction

The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell through the I-kappaB-kinase (IKK)-dependent activation of NF-kappaB. The cascade begins with activation of a trimeric IKK complex (consisting of catalytic kinase subunits IKKalpha and/or IKKbeta, and the regulatory scaffold protein NEMO) and ends with the regulation of transcription of target genes by NF-kappaB. In a resting state, NF-kappaB dimers are bound to I-kappaB proteins, sequestering NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing the NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription. [GOC:bf, GOC:jl, PMID:12773372, Reactome:R-HSA-209560]


activation of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase activity

The stimulation of the activity of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase through phosphorylation at specific residues. [GOC:jl, PMID:12773372]


activation of the inhibitor of kappa kinase

OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete). [GOC:go_curators]


maintenance of NF-kappaB location in cytoplasm

The selective interaction of the transcription factor NF-kappaB with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its translocation into the nucleus. [GOC:jl]


IkappaB phosphorylation
IKB phosphorylation
inhibitor of kappaB phosphorylation
inhibitor of NF-kappaB phosphorylation

The process of introducing a phosphate group into an inhibitor of kappa B (I-kappaB) protein. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing bound NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription. [GOC:bf, GOC:jl, PMID:21772278, PMID:7594468]


Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via a second messenger; a small molecule or ion that can be quickly generated or released from intracellular stores, and can diffuse within the cell. Second-messenger signaling includes production or release of the second messenger, and effectors downstream of the second messenger that further transmit the signal within the cell. [GOC:signaling, ISBN:0815316194, PMID:15221855, Wikipedia:Second_messenger_system]


Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via a cyclic nucleotide. Includes production or release of the cyclic nucleotide, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. [GOC:signaling]


Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via cyclic AMP (cAMP). Includes production of cAMP, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. [GOC:signaling]


Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via cyclic GMP (cGMP). Includes production of cGMP, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. [GOC:signaling]


The series of molecular signals in which a cell uses a phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling to convert a signal into a response. Phosphatidylinositols include phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and its phosphorylated derivatives. [GOC:bf, GOC:ceb, ISBN:0198506732]


inositol lipid-mediated signal transduction

The series of molecular signals in which a cell uses an inositol-containing lipid to convert a signal into a response. Inositol lipids include the phosphoinositides (phosphatidylinositol and its phosphorylated derivatives), ceramides containing inositol, and inositol glycolipids. [GOC:bf, GOC:ceb, PMID:16088939]


A intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is transmitted within the cell via an inositol phosphate. Includes production of the inositol phosphate, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. Inositol phosphates are a group of mono- to poly-phosphorylated inositols, and include inositol monophosphate (IP), inositol trisphosphate (IP3), inositol pentakisphosphate (IP5) and inositol hexaphosphate (IP6). [GOC:bf, GOC:ceb, GOC:signaling, ISBN:0198506732, PMID:11331907]


small GTPase-mediated signal transduction

small GTPase mediated signal transduction

The series of molecular signals in which a small monomeric GTPase relays a signal. [GOC:mah]


The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rac family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state. [GOC:bf]


The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Ras superfamily of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state. [GOC:bf]


regulation of Ras protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction. [GOC:bf]


down regulation of Ras protein signal transduction

down-regulation of Ras protein signal transduction

downregulation of Ras protein signal transduction

negative regulation of Ras protein signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction. [GOC:bf]


up-regulation of Ras protein signal transduction

upregulation of Ras protein signal transduction

up regulation of Ras protein signal transduction

positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction. [GOC:bf]


The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rho family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state. [GOC:bf]


A conserved series of molecular signals found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; involves autophosphorylation of a histidine kinase and the transfer of the phosphate group to an aspartate that then acts as a phospho-donor to response regulator proteins. [PMID:9191038]