structural constituent of skin epidermis

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of an epidermal cutaneous structure. [GOC:mah]


intracellular protein transport in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


A process by which an organism avoids or tolerates the effects of its host organism's defense response. The host defense response is mounted by the host in response to the presence of the organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


evasion of other organism defence response


evasion or tolerance of defenses of other organism


heterochromatin formation involved in chromatin silencing by small RNA


small RNA-mediated heterochromatin formation


establishment of heterochromatin architecture involved in chromatin silencing at centromere outer repeat region


heterochromatin formation involved in chromatin silencing


heterochromatin formation involved in chromatin silencing at centromere outer repeat region


chromatin silencing at telomere
Telomere Position Effect
heterochromatic silencing at telomere
subtelomeric silencing
telomeric silencing
telomere chromatin silencing

The assembly of chromatin into heterochromatin at the subtelomeric region, resulting in a chromatin conformation refractory to transcription. [GOC:mah, PMID:10219245, PMID:26205977]


establishment of chromatin silencing at telomere


heterochromatic silencing at subtelomere


A transcription elongation factor complex that increases the overall rate of RNA polymerase II transcription elongation by suppressing transient polymerase pausing. At minimum, the complex contains a transcription factor of the ELL family, an EAF protein, and an AFF family protein or distant relative and most likely also P-TEFb and AF9 or ENL. The complex is conserved from yeast to humans. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe it contains Ell1, Eaf1, and Ebp1, but it is absent from S. cerevisiae. [PMID:17150956, PMID:30102332]


suppression by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production


Catalytic introduction of negative supercoils into a DNA molecule or region thereof. In bacteria, negative supercoils are only introduced by DNA gyrase, a type II topoisomerase, but not all DNA gyrases are capable of introducing supercoils. In bacteria, the level of supercoiling varies widely between species and has been characterized properly in only a handful of organisms. The best characterized enzyme, from E.coli, is exceptionally proficient at supercoiling and this ability is not representative of all bacteria. [GOC:bhm, GOC:krc, GOC:mah, WikiPedia:DNA_gyrase]


EGFR ligand maturation by peptide bond cleavage


epidermal growth factor receptor ligand processing


peptide bond cleavage involved in EGFR ligand maturation


microbe-associated molecular pattern receptor activity


viral exit by cytolysis via suppression of host peptidoglycan biosynthetic process

viral release by cytolysis via suppression of host peptidoglycan biosynthetic process

The killing by a virus of host cell by cytolysis, caused by a virus stopping, preventing, or reducing peptidoglycan biosynthesis in the host organism. Peptidoglycans are any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls. [GOC:bf, GOC:bm, PMID:28894177]


transport of peptides or proteins into other organism during symbiotic interaction


active evasion of immune response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components. [GOC:jl]


regulation of protein-containing complex assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly. [GOC:jl]


protein membrane adaptor activity
protein membrane adaptor

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a protein or a protein complex with a membrane, or bringing together two membranes, either via membrane lipid binding or by interacting with a membrane protein, to establish or maintain the localization of the protein, protein complex or organelle. [GOC:go_curators]


regulation of interspecies interactions between organisms


The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or processes of its host organism. [GOC:cc]


modification by symbiont of host biological process


regulation by symbiont of host system process


mitochondrial inner-outer membrane contact site

Sites of close apposition of the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane. [PMID:22009199]


RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding, bending

Binding to a specific upstream regulatory DNA sequence (transcription factor recognition sequence or binding site) located in cis relative to the transcription start site (i.e., on the same strand of DNA) of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II, and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence. [GOC:jl, GOC:pg]


entry into cell of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


entry into host cell via penetration peg


entry into host via a specialized structure during symbiotic interaction


penetration into host via a specialized structure


penetration into host via a specialized structure during symbiotic interaction


upregulation by symbiont of host defense response

up-regulation by symbiont of host defense response

up regulation by symbiont of host defense response


transport of molecules into other organism during symbiotic interaction


transport of DNA into other organism during symbiotic interaction


viral exit by cytolysis via pore formation in host cell membrane

viral release by cytolysis via pore formation in host cell membrane

The killing by a virus of a cell in its host organism by cytolysis, caused by the formation by the virus of pores in its host cell membrane. [GOC:jl]


acquisition by organism of nutrients from host via siderophores


Combining with a nucleotide and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity, activated by UDP. [GOC:mah]


Combining with a nucleotide and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity, activated by UTP. [GOC:mah]


Combining with ATP and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex. [GOC:mah]


The directed movement of azoles, heterocyclic compounds found in many biologically important substances, across a lipid bilayer, across a membrane. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:3527307206, Wikipedia:Azole]


acyl-lipid omega-6 desaturase (cytochrome b5)


induction by symbiont of tumor or growth in host

The process in which a symbiont causes the formation of a mass of cells in a host organism. While these growths are often called nodules, they are not formed as nitrogen-fixing structures, but rather to provide an environment for the symbiont to grow. In this sense they are parasitic structures rather than mutualistic. [GOC:pg]


The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or processes of a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:cc]


inhibition by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response


positive regulation by organism of defense-related host NO production


stimulation by symbiont of defense-related host nitric oxide production


up-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host nitric oxide production

upregulation by symbiont of defense-related host nitric oxide production

up regulation by symbiont of defense-related host nitric oxide production


induction by symbiont of defense-related reactive oxygen species production in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


up-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production

upregulation by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production

up regulation by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production


Any process in which a symbiont avoids phagocytosis by a host cell, for example a phagocyte or a macrophage. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06, PMID:23084912, PMID:29114249]


modulation by organism of entry into host via host phagocytosis


suppression by organism of host JA-mediated defense response

symbiont defense to host-produced jasmonic acid

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


down-regulation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response

downregulation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response

down regulation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response


induction by symbiont of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway


positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway


suppression by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response


up-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway

upregulation by symbiont of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway

up regulation by symbiont of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway


activation by symbiont of induced systemic resistance in host


positive regulation by organism of induced systemic resistance in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


stimulation by symbiont of induced systemic resistance in host


up-regulation by symbiont of induced systemic resistance in host

upregulation by symbiont of induced systemic resistance in host

up regulation by symbiont of induced systemic resistance in host


stimulation by symbiont of systemic acquired resistance in host


upregulation by symbiont of systemic acquired resistance in host

up-regulation by symbiont of systemic acquired resistance in host

up regulation by symbiont of systemic acquired resistance in host


defense response to host innate immune response nitric oxide production


evasion by symbiont of cellular damage caused by host oxidative burst


evasion or tolerance by symbiont of reactive oxygen species produced by other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the defenses of another organism. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


response of symbiont to host defense molecules


suppression of symbiont entry into host by host

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06]


positive regulation by symbiont of host innate immunity


positive regulation of host innate immune response


up-regulation by symbiont of host innate immunity

up regulation by symbiont of host innate immunity


positive regulation by organism of defense-related host Ca2+ flux


up-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux

upregulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux

up regulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux


up-regulation by symbiont of host immune response

up regulation by symbiont of host immune response


regulation of flocculation via cell wall protein-carbohydrate interaction


negative regulation of RNAi-mediated heterochromatin assembly

negative regulation of heterochromatin assembly by small RNA

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of heterochromatin assembly by small RNA. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


regulation of ribosomal DNA heterochromatin assembly

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the repression of assembly of rDNA heterochromatin. [GOC:dph, PMID:10388812]


negative regulation of ribosomal DNA heterochromatin assembly

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the repression of assembly of rDNA heterochromatin. [GOC:dph, PMID:10388812]


ATP-dependent L-arginine transmembrane transporter activity


A heterodimer involved in the stabilization of DNA recombination intermediates, the promotion of crossover recombination, and the proper assembly of the synaptonemal complex in meiotic prophase nuclei. In yeast the complex consists of two subunits, Msh4 and Msh5. [PMID:27648641, PMID:7622037, PMID:8001134, PMID:9374523]


Any constituent part of a chitin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous extracellular matrix secreted from the apical surface of an epithelial sheet. [PMID:23955854]


A extracellular matrix which attaches an organism to a substrate. [GOC:dph, GOC:ha, PMID:825230]


Catalysis of the reaction: gluconapin + a reduced electron acceptor + O2 = xi-progoitrin + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O. [PMID:18945935]


regulation of L-glutamine biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of L-glutamine biosynthesis. [GOC:ha, PMID:19755423]


positive regulation of L-glutamine biosynthetic process

Any process that starts, increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamine biosynthesis. [GOC:ha, PMID:19755423]


low-density lipoprotein particle receptor complex location

low-density lipoprotein receptor complex location

A plasma membrane protein complex capable of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity. It may also bind xenobiotic toxins and deliver them into the cell via endocytosis. While most substrates get degraded via the endosome the receptor is recycled to the plasma membrane. It may also act as a transducer of intracellular signal pathways and often acts in corporation with other cell-surface receptors. [GOC:bhm, PMID:26005850]


Any protein complex that is part of a membrane and which functions as a cargo receptor. [PMID:27903609]


camera-type eye photoreceptor cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a light-responsive receptor in a camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [PMID:20648062, PMID:30237290]


A septin collar in pathogenic fungi involved in the constriction of hyphae at the plant plasmodesma enabling penetration of an adjacent cell. [PMID:29567712]


nuclear exosome targeting complex location

A protein-containing complex that functions with the RNA exosome and contributes to the degradation of abberant transcripts. [PMID:21855801, PMID:29844170]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-beta-ethynylserine. L-beta-ethynylserine is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces bacteria. [PMID:3082841, PMID:30867596]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-propargylglycine (Pra). L-propargylglycine is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces bacteria. [PMID:30867596]


Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-amino-4-chloropent-4-enoate = chloride + H(+) + L-propargylglycine. [PMID:30867596, RHEA:59892]


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-glutamate + L-propargylglycine = ADP + H(+) + L-gamma-glutamyl-L-propargylglycine + phosphate. [PMID:30867596, RHEA:59896]


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chloro-L-lysine + AH2 + O2 = A + formaldehyde + H2O + L-2-amino-4-chloropent-4-enoate + NH4(+). [PMID:30867596, RHEA:59888]


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + chloride + H(+) + L-lysine + O2 = 4-chloro-L-lysine + CO2 + H2O + succinate. [PMID:30867596, RHEA:59884]


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-gamma-glutamyl-L-propargylglycine + O2 = CO2 + L-gamma-glutamyl-(3R)-L-beta-ethynylserine + succinate. [PMID:30867596, RHEA:59900]


detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain

The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. [PMID:19837031]


Catalysis of the reaction:(+)-amorpha-4,11-diene + 3 O2 + 3 reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = (+)-artemisinate + 4 H(+) + 4 H2O + 3 oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase]. [PMID:16458889, PMID:16612385, PMID:23246612, RHEA:32999]


A protein-containing complex that is capable of catalase activity. [GOC:bhm, PMID:10656833]


Catalysis of the reaction: a cytidine in mRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = a 5-methylcytidine in mRNA + H(+) + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. [PMID:22395603, PMID:23871666, RHEA:61464]


Binding to an RNA molecule modified by C5-methylcytidine. [PMID:28418038]


Catalysis of the reaction: H(+) + H2O + N6-methyl-AMP = IMP + methylamine. [PMID:29884623, RHEA:16001]


A protein-containing complex that serves as a channel for the secretion of curli. Curli are a fibers that serve as a major component of the extracellular matrix of pellicle biofilms. [PMID:25219853]


mitochondrial potassium channel activity

mitochondrial ATP-gated potassium channel activity

Enables the ATP-dependent diffusion of a potassium ion across the mitochondrial inner membrane. [PMID:31435016]


mitochondrial ATP-gated potassium channel complex location

A protein-containing complex that is capable of the ATP-dependent diffusion of a potassium ion across the mitochondrial inner membrane. [PMID:31435016]


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: chloride(out) + proton(in) = chloride(in) + proton(out). [PMID:14985752]


A cellular anatomical entity which is a network of tubules and vessicles and is part of the contractile vacuole complex. It is involved in the discharge of water externally. One of its functions is osmoregulatory. [PMID:23890380]


regulation of pyocyanin biosynthetic process

regulation of pyocyanine biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a pyocyanine biosynthetic process. [PMID:28715477]


positive regulation of pyocyanin biosynthetic process

positive regulation of pyocyanine biosynthetic process

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a pyocyanine biosynthetic process. [PMID:28715477]


regulation of pseudohyphal septin ring assembly

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of pseudohyphal septin ring assembly. [PMID:29567712]


positive regulation of pseudohyphal septin ring assembly

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of pseudohyphal septin ring formation. [PMID:29567712]


negative regulation of pseudohyphal septin ring assembly

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of pseudohyphal septin ring assembly. [PMID:29567712]


negative regulation of plus-end directed microtubule sliding

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of plus-end directed microtubule sliding. [PMID:21892183]


regulation of plus-end directed microtubule sliding

Any process that mediates the frequency, rate, or extent of plus-end directed microtubule sliding. [PMID:21892183]


The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform lutein. [PMID:24397433]


lutein formation
lutein biosynthesis
lutein anabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lutein. [PMID:24397433]


lutein catabolism
lutein breakdown
lutein degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lutein. [PMID:24397433]


The chemical reactions and pathways by which living organisms transform brexanolone. [PMID:24390875]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brexanolone. [PMID:24390875]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of brexanolone. [PMID:24390875]


A DNA metabolic process that results in the disassembly of R-loops. R-loops are three-stranded nucleic acid structures consisitng of an RNA:DNA heteroduplex and a looped-out non-template strand. Aberrant formation and persistence of R-loops block transcription elongation and cause DNA damage. Mechanisms that resolve R-loops are essential for genome stability. [PMID:28790157]


The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the radial spoke, a protein complex that links the outer microtubule doublet of the ciliary or flagellum axoneme with the sheath that surrounds the central pair of microtubules. [PMID:21613541, PMID:21692193, PMID:24124175, PMID:27940518, PMID:8408197]


Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-23 of any form of vitamin D. [PMID:22100522, PMID:30205156]


Catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + 2 H(+) + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] = (23S)-23,25-dihydroxycalciol + H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin]. [PMID:22100522, PMID:30205156, RHEA:46616]


1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 23-hydroxylase activity

Catatlysis of the reaction: calcitriol + 2 H(+) + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] = 1alpha,23S,25-trihydroxycholecalciferol + H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin]. [PMID:22100522, PMID:30205156, RHEA:49192]


all-trans retinoic acid 4-hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinoate + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = all-trans-(4S)-hydroxyretinoate + H(+) + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase]. [PMID:9250660, PMID:9716180, RHEA:51492]


all-trans retinoic acid 18-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinoate + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = all-trans-18-hydroxyretinoate + H(+) + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase]. [PMID:22020119, RHEA:55856]


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + testosterone = 16beta,17beta-dihydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one + H(+) + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase]. [PMID:21289075, RHEA:46304]


Catalysis of the reaction:2 H(+) + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] + secalciferol = calcitetrol + H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin]. [PMID:10518789, RHEA:49064]


Catalysis of the epoxidation of double bonds of the arachidonoyl moiety of anandamide. [PMID:21289075]


Catalysis of the reaction: N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-ethanolamine + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = H(+) + H2O + N-(8,9-epoxy-5Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoyl)-ethanolamine + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase]. [PMID:21289075, RHEA:53140]


Catalysis of the reaction: N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-ethanolamine + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = H(+) + H2O + N-(11,12-epoxy-5Z,8Z,14Z-eicosatrienoyl)-ethanolamine + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase]. [PMID:21289075, RHEA:53144]


Catalysis of the reaction: N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-ethanolamine + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = H(+) + H2O + N-(14,15-epoxy-5Z,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoyl)-ethanolamine + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase]. [PMID:21289075, RHEA:53148]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the exopolysaccharide galactoxylomannan. Galactoxylomannan is produced by a pathogenic fungus and causes paralysis in some animals. [PMID:16441437, PMID:18952901, PMID:19684080, PMID:21843086]


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-L-rhamnose = beta-L-rhamnose. [RHEA:25584]


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-ribopyranose = beta-D-ribofuranose. [RHEA:25432]


A microtubule minus end that is part of a cytoplasmic microtubule. [PMID:18061564]


The organization process that preserves a microtubule bundle in a stable functional or structural state. [PMID:18061564]


Any process that modulates the size of a lysosome. [PMID:31314175]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. [PMID:26653712]


chromosome, centromeric inner repeat region

The portion of the centromeric region of a chromosome that contains the inner inverted repeat region of a modular centromere and part of the central core surrounding a non-conserved central region. This region is adjacent to the central core, on each chromosome arm. [PMID:21437270]


An intracellular signaling pathway that regulates interphase polarized growth and cell separation at the end of cytokinesis through activation of the NDR1/2-related kinase. [PMID:15731009, PMID:16096637, PMID:20805322, PMID:20826805, PMID:21246752, PMID:22629372]


A cellular anatomical entity that is part of the actin cytoskeleton and results in a wave-like propagation of actin networks. It consists of dynamic structures traveling on the ventral (substrate-attached) side of the cell during cell migration, cytokinesis, adhesion and neurogenesis. [PMID:26190109, PMID:31230946, PMID:31390543, PMID:31678045, PMID:31774725]


Catalysis of the reaction: peregrinol diphosphate = diphosphate + labd-13(16),14-diene-9-ol. [PMID:29315936, RHEA:62184]


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + peregrinol diphosphate = diphosphate + viteagnusin D. [PMID:29315936, RHEA:62180]


Catalysis of the reaction:9alpha-copalyl diphosphate + H2O = (13S)-vitexifolin A + diphosphate. [PMID:29315936, RHEA:40027]


Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-copalyl diphosphate = diphosphate + miltiradiene. [PMID:24990389, RHEA:33983]


Catalysis of the reaction: 8-hydroxycopalyl diphosphate = (13R)-manoyl oxide + diphosphate. [PMID:24990389, RHEA:54516]


regulation of pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway. [PMID:30610168]


positive regulation of pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway. [PMID:30610168]


regulation of spatial distribution of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination

regulation of spatial distribution of meiotic DSB formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination

spatial regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination

Any process that modulates the distribution of sites along the chromosome where meiotic DNA double-strand break formation takes place as part of reciprocal meiotic recombination. [PMID:25324213, PMID:30217891]


The regeneration process by which a damaged or lost shoot regrows or re-differentiates. This process may occur via de-differentiation and subsequent reprogramming of somatic cells or activation of existing undifferentiated (meristematic) cells to produce a new shoot meristem and subsequently a new shoot. [PMID:27143753]


The the regeneration process by which a damaged or lost root regrows or re-differentiates. This process may occur via de-differentiation and subsequent reprogramming of somatic cells or activation of existing undifferentiated (meristematic) cells to form a new root meristem and subsequently new root. [PMID:27143753]


regulation of early replication origin firing

regulation of mitotic DNA replication initiation from early origin

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of firing from an early origin of replication involved in mitotic DNA replication. [PMID:22279046]


Catalysis of the reaction: peroxynitrite = nitrate. [PMID:30524950, RHEA:63116]


regulation of somatic muscle development

Any process that regulates the rate, frequency or extent of somatic muscle development. [PMID:16643882, PMID:25758712]


positive regulation of somatic muscle development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of somatic muscle development. [PMID:16643882, PMID:25758712]


negative regulation of somatic muscle development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of somatic muscle development. [PMID:16643882, PMID:25758712]


regulation of adult somatic muscle development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of adult somatic muscle development. [PMID:16643882, PMID:25758712]


positive regulation of adult somatic muscle development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of adult somatic muscle development. [PMID:16643882, PMID:25758712]


negative regulation of adult somatic muscle development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of adult somatic muscle development. [PMID:16643882, PMID:25758712]


regulation of larval somatic muscle development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of larval somatic muscle development. [PMID:16643882, PMID:25758712]


negative regulation of larval somatic muscle development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of larval somatic muscle development. [PMID:16643882, PMID:25758712]


positive regulation of larval somatic muscle development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of larval somatic muscle development. [PMID:16643882, PMID:25758712]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prostanoids. [PMID:25449649]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of F2-isoprostane. [PMID:16371369, PMID:25449649]


platelet activating factor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of platelet activating factor, 2-O-acetyl-1-O-octadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. [PMID:16371369]


The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal basal plate. [PMID:23352055, PMID:30810527]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of an ionocyte. Ionocytes are specialized epithelial cells that contribute to osmotic homeostasis. [PMID:17555741]


Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained at the postsynapse, the part of a synapse that is part of the post-synaptic cell. [PMID:31189538]


A DNA-binding ribonucleoprotein complex that contains a lncRNA complementary to the bound chromosomal locus and is involved in the tethering homologous chromosomes together during chromosome pairing at meiotic prophase I. [PMID:22582262, PMID:31811152]


nuclear membrane-heterochromatin anchor activity

nuclear membrane-heterochromatin tether activity

heterochromatin-nuclear membrane tether activity

heterochromatin-nuclear membrane anchor activity

Binding to heterochromatin and the nuclear inner membrane, in order to establish and maintain the heterochromatin location and organization. [PMID:31635174]


euchromatin-nuclear membrane tether activity

nuclear membrane-euchromatin tether activity

nuclear membrane-euchromatin anchor activity

euchromatin-nuclear membrane anchor activity

Binding to euchromatin and the nuclear inner membrane, in order to establish and maintain the euchromatin location and organization. [PMID:31635174]


double strand break-nuclear membrane anchor activity

Binding to DNA double strand breaks and the nuclear inner membrane, in order to facilitate DNA repair. [PMID:31635174]


membrane of double membrane vesicle viral factory

double membrane vesicle viral factory membrane

One of the two endoplasmic reticulum-derived lipid bilayer membranes that bound a double membrane vesicle viral factory. [PMID:22440839]


outer membrane of double membrane vesicle viral factory

double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membrane

The outer of the two endoplasmic reticulum-derived lipid bilayer membranes that bound a double membrane vesicle viral factory. [PMID:22440839]


lumen of double membrane vesicle viral factory

double membrane vesicle viral factory lumen

The volume surrounded by the inner membrane of a double membrane vesicle viral factory. [PMID:22440839]


inner membrane of double membrane vesicle viral factory

double membrane vesicle viral factory inner membrane

The inner of the two endoplasmic reticulum-derived lipid bilayer membranes that bound a double membrane vesicle viral factory. [PMID:22440839]


The volume enclosed by an exocytic vesicle. [PMID:27384577]


A intracellular vesicle that is part of a chloroplast. [PMID:32245810]


maintenance of spindle pole body localization


lipoteichoic acid immune receptor activity

Combining with lipoteichoic acid and transmitting the signal to initiate an innate immune response. [GOC:add, PMID:14665680]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium formation. [GOC:pamgo_curators]


positive regulation of appressorium formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium formation. [GOC:pamgo_curators]


negative regulation of appressorium formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium formation. [GOC:pamgo_curators]


The assembly by the symbiont of a peg-like structure for the purpose of penetration into its host organism, which penetrates through the host cuticle and epidermal cell wall. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:pamgo_curators, PMID:26441323]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:pamgo_curators]


positive regulation of penetration peg formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:pamgo_curators]


positive regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit


The assembly by the symbiont of a neck-like structure for the purpose of penetration into its host organism. The neck-like structure connects haustorium mother cell and haustorium. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:pamgo_curators, Wikipedia:Haustorium]


The assembly by the symbiont of a threadlike, tubular structure, which may contain multiple nuclei and may or may not be divided internally by septa or cross-walls, for the purpose of penetration into its host organism. In the case of an appressorium existing, this term is defined in further details as the process in which the symbiont penetration peg expands to form a hypha which traverses the epidermal cell and emerges into the intercellular space of the mesophyll tissue. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:pamgo_curators, PMID:26441323]


active spore dispersal on or near host during symbiotic interaction


activation by organism of defense response in host by specific elicitors


effector-triggered induction of host innate immune response


effector-triggered induction of plant hypersensitive response by symbiont


ETI-triggered of host innate immune response

ETI triggered of host innate immune response


induction by organism of defense response in host by specific elicitors


induction by organism of pathogen-race/host plant cultivar-specific resistance in host


induction of effector-triggered immunity (ETI)


positive regulation by organism of defense response in host by specific elicitors


A host-derived membrane surrounding the symbiont hypha during infection. [GOC:pamgo_curators]


regulation of DNA methylation-dependent heterochromatin assembly

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the repression of transcription by methylation of DNA, leading to the formation of heterochromatin. [GOC:BHF]


positive regulation of DNA methylation-dependent heterochromatin assembly

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the repression of transcription by methylation of DNA, leading to the formation of heterochromatin. [GOC:BHF]


negative regulation of DNA methylation-dependent heterochromatin assembly

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the repression of transcription by methylation of DNA, leading to the formation of heterochromatin. [GOC:BHF]


RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex location

A transcription factor complex that acts at a regulatory region of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II. [GOC:tb]


RNA polymerase III transcription regulator complex location

A transcription factor complex that acts at a regulatory region of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase III. [GOC:tb]


RNA polymerase IV transcription regulator complex location

A transcription factor complex that acts at a regulatory region of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase IV. [GOC:tb]


RNA polymerase V transcription regulator complex location

A transcription factor complex that acts at a regulatory region of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase V. [GOC:tb]


ATPase-coupled L-glutamate tranmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + L-glutamate(out) -> ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate(in). [EC:7.4.2.1]


membrane-cytoskeletal protein anchor activity

cytoskeletal protein membrane anchor activity

cytoskeletal protein-membrane adaptor activity

cytoskeletal protein-membrane anchor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a cytoskeletal protein or protein complex and a plasma membrane lipid or membrane-associated protein, in order to maintain the localization of the cytoskeleton at a specific cortical membrane location. [PMID:25736293, PMID:30840879]


5-diphospho-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate diphosphatase activity

5-diphosphoinositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H(+) + phosphate. [GOC:rn, PMID:29540476]


centromere detachment from spindle pole body involved in chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle

centromere detachment from SPB involved in meiotic chromosome organization

centromere detachment from spindle pole body involved in meiotic chromosome organization

The cell cycle process in which centromeres dissociate from the spindle pole body, contributing to the rearrangement of chromosomes into the orientation characteristic of meiotic prophase I. [GOC:mah, PMID:27611693]


kinetochore disassembly from spindle pole body involved in chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle

kinetochore disassembly involved in meiotic chromosome organization

The cell cycle process in which outer kinetochore components delocalize from the centromere, contributing to the rearrangement of chromosomes into the orientation characteristic of meiotic prophase I. [GOC:mah, PMID:27611693]


regulation of vesicle fusion with Golgi apparatus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion with Golgi apparatus. [GOC:se, PMID:26195667]


negative regulation of vesicle fusion with Golgi apparatus

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fustion with Golgi apparatus. [GOC:se, PMID:26195667]


positive regulation of vesicle fusion with Golgi apparatus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion with Golgi apparatus. [GOC:se, PMID:26195667]


The process whereby a cytosine in a tRNA is methylated at position 3 of the cytosine. [PMID:28655767]


GAG biosynthetic process
galactosaminogalactan biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the exopolysaccharide galactosaminogalactan. GAG is a heteropolysaccharide composed of alpha-1,4 linked galactose, N-acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc) and galactosamine (GalN). [PMID:173713, PMID:22102815, PMID:24257745, PMID:26492565, PMID:26932183, PMID:27048799, PMID:30667338]


Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of zinc. [GOC:vw, PMID:31239353]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrocyanin, an iminium betaine that is 5-methylphenazin-5-ium which is substituted at position 1 by an oxidanidyl group. [PMID:28715477]


Binding to a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). [PMID:25578728]


Catalysis of the reaction:(+)-(R)-germacrene A + 3 O2 + 3 reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oate + 4 H(+) + 4 H2O + 3 oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase]. [PMID:11299372, PMID:20351109, RHEA:30303]


The 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation of a lysine residue in a protein. [GOC:sp, PMID:29775581]


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA + lysine in peptide = CoA + N-2-hydroxyisobutyryl-lysine-peptide. [GOC:sp, PMID:29775581]


The glutarylation of a lysine residue in a protein. [GOC:sp, PMID:31542297]


Catalysis of the reaction: glutaryl-CoA + L-lysyl-[protein] = CoA + H+ + N6-glutaryl-L-lysyl-[protein]. [GOC:sp, PMID:31542297]


Catalysis of the reaction: glutaryl-CoA + histone = CoA + H+ + N6-glutaryl-histone. [GOC:sp, PMID:31542297]


The removal of a propionyl group from a residue in a peptide or protein. [GOC:sp, PMID:30026585]


Catalysis of the reaction:H2O + N(6)-propanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD(+) = 3''-O-propanoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide. [GOC:sp, PMID:30026585, RHEA:23500]


hydroxyisourate hydrolase complex location

A hydrolase complex that converts 5-hydroxyisourate (HIU) to 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline. This is the second step of the three-step enzymatic reaction that degrades uric acid to (S)-allantoin. [GOC:bhm, PMID:21795808]


5-hydroxyisourate hydrolase complex location


A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a glycosome, a membrane-bounded organelle found in organisms from the order Kinetoplastida that houses the enzymes of glycolysis. [GOC:ach, PMID:15539076, PMID:28426655, PMID:31341002, PMID:8056787]


Any protein complex that is part of the bacterial outer membrane. An example In E.coli, is RcsF associated with any one of several outer membrane beta-barrel proteins (OMPs), such as OmpA, OmpF, or OmpcC. [GOC:am, PMID:25267629, PMID:27282389]


Catalysis of the reaction: ceramide-1-phosphate + H2O = ceramide+ phosphate. [GOC:lb, PMID:10359651]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation/production of a glycolipid surfactant that acts as a bacterial biofilm dispersal. [GOC:vw, PMID:28715477]


Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + O(2)=(5Z,8Z,10E,12R,14Z)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate. [GOC:gap, PMID:10100631, PMID:11256953, RHEA:41336]


peregrinol diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction:peregrinol diphosphate = all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate + H2O. [GOC:emb, PMID:24990389, PMID:29315936, RHEA:54652]


Catalysis of the reaction:peregrinol diphosphate = (13R)-9,13-epoxylabd-14-ene + diphosphate. [GOC:emb, PMID:24990389, RHEA:54512]


Catalysis of the reaction:O2 + peregrinol + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = H(+) + H2O + labd-13Z-ene-9,15,16-triol + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase]. [GOC:eab, PMID:29315936, RHEA:62192]


Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = (+)-kolavenyl diphosphate. [GOC:eab, PMID:29315936, RHEA:54676]


Catalysis of the reaction: 9alpha-copalyl diphosphate = diphosphate + syn-isopimara-7,15-diene. [GOC:emb, PMID:29315936, RHEA:62188]


Catalysis of the reaction: 8beta-hydroxygermacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oate + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = eupatolide + 2 H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase]. [GOC:eab, PMID:29758164, RHEA:57972]


Catalysis of the reaction: L-1-phosphatidylethanolamine + L-serine <=> L-1-phosphatidylserine + ethanolamine. [PMID:19014349, PMID:31869331, RHEA:27606]


regulation of poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage of poly(A) to 5'-AMP. [GOC:mah, PMID:29932902]


negative regulation of poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity. [GOC:mah, PMID:29932902]


positive regulation of poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity. [GOC:mah, PMID:29932902]


Nicalin-TMEM147-NOMO complex location
Nicalin-NOMO complex location
Nicalin-TMEM147-NOMO complex

A protein complex regulating Nodal signaling. Subunits are highly conserved in vertebrates and include Nicalin, NOMO and TMEM147. [GOC:al, GOC:bhm, PMID:20538592]


DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase III-specific

A DNA-binding transcription factor activity that represses or decreases the transcription of specific genes sets transcribed by RNA polymerase III. [GOC:txnOH-2018, PMID:15590667, PMID:31833215]


Catalysis of the reaction N4-acetylcytidine +H2O = cytidine + acetate. [GOC:imk, PMID:31964920, RHEA:62932]


positive regulation of DNA strand resection involved in replication fork processing

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA strand resection involved in replication fork processing. [GOC:vw, PMID:31575705]


Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of a lipid. [GOC:vw, PMID:30075144]


hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate isomerase activity

A hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate <=> a hydroxy epoxy icosatrienoate. [PMID:12881489, RHEA:55560]


hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase activity

A hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate <=> an oxoicosatetraenoate + H(2)O. [PMID:12881489, RHEA:55556]


Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + L-serine = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + choline. [PMID:19014349., RHEA:45088]


The directional movement of a symbiont from one host cell to another. [GOC:vw, PMID:29567712]


regulation of mineralisation
regulation of biomineralisation
regulation of mineralization
regulation of biomineral formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of biomineralization, the formation and deposition of mineral crystals by living organisms. [PMID:22992051]


negative regulation of biomineral formation


positive regulation of biomineralisation

positive regulation of biomineral formation

positive regulation of biomineralization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of biomineralization, the formation and deposition of mineral crystals by living organisms. [PMID:22992051]


RNA NAD-cap (NAD-forming) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 5'-end NAD(+)-phospho-ribonucleoside in mRNA + H2O = a 5'-end phospho-ribonucleoside in mRNA + H(+) + NAD(+). [GOC:sp, PMID:28283058, RHEA:60880]


RNA NAD-cap (NMN-forming) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 5'-end NAD(+)-phospho-ribonucleoside in mRNA + H2O = a 5'-end phospho-adenosine-phospho-ribonucleoside in mRNA + beta-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide + 2 H(+). [GOC:sp, PMID:25533955, PMID:31101919, RHEA:60876]


Cleavage of the 5'-cap of an RNA. [GOC:sp, PMID:25533955, PMID:31101919]


Cleavage of the 5'-NAD-cap of an RNA. The NAD-cap is present at the 5'-end of some RNAs in both bacetria and eukaryotes. While it promotes RNA stability in bacteria, it promotes RNA decay in eukaryotes. [GOC:sp, PMID:25533955, PMID:28283058, PMID:31101919]


Cleavage of the 5'-methylguanosine-cap of an mRNA. The methylguanosine-cap is present at the 5'-end of eukaryotic mRNAs. Decapping inactivates translation initiation and promotes 5'-to-3' decay of mRNA. [PMID:23287066]


An extracellular complex that binds lipoprotein receptors VLDLR and APOER2, cadherin-related neuronal receptors (CNRs) or alpha3beta1 integrin and induces various downstream, reelin-dependent, phosphorylation cascades. It ultimately affects polarization, differentiation, neuronal migration and layer formation in the embryonic brain and neuron growth, maturation, and synaptic activity in the postnatal and adult brain. [GOC:bhm, PMID:21844191, PMID:28887403]


A calcium-dependent protease complex that processes its substrate by limited proteolysis rather than degrading it. In some cases limited proteolysis is required for the activation of its substrate. [GOC:bhm, PMID:10639123]


regulation of mitotic spindle formation (spindle phase one)

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle during mitotic prophase (spindle phase one). [GOC:vw, PMID:27697865]


negative regulation of mitotic spindle formation (spindle phase one)

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle during mitotic prophase (spindle phase one). [GOC:vw]


positive regulation of mitotic spindle formation (spindle phase one)

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle during mitotic prophase (spindle phase one). [GOC:vw]


regulation of mitotic spindle elongation (spindle phase three)

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle during mitotic anaphase B (spindle phase three). [GOC:vw, PMID:27697865]


negative regulation of mitotic spindle elongation (spindle phase three)

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle during mitotic anaphase B (spindle phase three). [GOC:vw, PMID:27697865]


positive regulation of mitotic spindle elongation (spindle phase three)

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle during mitotic anaphase B (spindle phase three). [GOC:vw, PMID:27697865]


DNA biosynthetic process involved in mitochondrial DNA replication

DNA synthesis involved in mitochondrial DNA replication

Any DNA biosynthetic process that is involved in mitochondrial DNA replication. [PMID:28408491, PMID:29931097]


regulation of histidine synthesis
regulation of histidine anabolism
regulation of histidine formation
regulation of histidine biosynthesis

regulation of histidine biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histidine biosynthetic process. [GOC:krc]


down regulation of histidine biosynthesis

negative regulation of histidine formation

down regulation of histidine biosynthetic process

negative regulation of histidine synthesis

negative regulation of histidine anabolism

negative regulation of histidine biosynthesis

down-regulation of histidine biosynthesis

downregulation of histidine biosynthesis

downregulation of histidine biosynthetic process

down-regulation of histidine biosynthetic process

negative regulation of histidine biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histidine biosynthetic process. [GOC:krc]


inhibition of histidine biosynthetic process


up regulation of histidine biosynthetic process

positive regulation of histidine anabolism

upregulation of histidine biosynthetic process

positive regulation of histidine biosynthesis

positive regulation of histidine synthesis

up-regulation of histidine biosynthetic process

positive regulation of histidine formation

positive regulation of histidine biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histidine biosynthetic process. [GOC:krc]


activation of histidine biosynthetic process


A cartilage extracellular matrix complex that mediates interactions between major components of the extracellular matrix such as collagens and proteoglycans and contributes to their fibrillar network. Exists as an obligate homotrimer. [GOC:bhm, PMID:10367731, PMID:15075323, PMID:9699631]


topoisomerase II complex
DNA gyrase complex location
topoisomerase II complex location

A bacterial type IIA topoisomerase that is unique in its function of introducing negative supercoils into DNA at the expense of ATP hydrolysis and is also capable of relaxing positive supercoils, an activity shared with topoisomerase IV. Typically, it is composed of two copies each of an A subunit (GyrA) and a B subunit (GyrB). [GOC:bhm, GOC:krc, PMID:1657531, PMID:20675723, Wikipedia:DNA_gyrase]


host interaction involved in quorum sensing

A quorum sensing process that is modulated by some interaction with a host cell or organism. [GOC:krc, GOC:mlg, PMID:11780122, PMID:16630813]


The region of a polarized cell that is just below the apical region. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the apical region has an exposed surface and lies opposite to the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue so the subapical region is further from the exposed surface and closer to the basal lamina. [GOC:krc, PMID:29891944]


The region in the apical portion of multiciliated epithelial cells where the ciliary basal bodies cluster. [GOC:krc, PMID:20164345, PMID:20685736, PMID:29891944]


maintenance of ciliary planar beating movement pattern

Any process involved in maintaining the planar beating pattern of ciliary movement pattern. Connection between the outer doublets and the central pair via the radial spokes constrains ciliary movement to the planar beating pattern. Cilia that lack this connection, such as those in the embryonic node or Kupfer's vesicle, display radial movement. [GOC:krc, PMID:26506310]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blastocyst development. [GOC:krc, PMID:29593216]


The process in which the larynx is generated and organized. The larynx is a continuation of the pharynx that is involved in breathing, sound production, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. [GOC:krc, PMID:28177282]


The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a larynx from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the larynx and ends with the mature structure. A larynx is a continuation of the pharynx that is involved in breathing, sound production, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. [GOC:krc, PMID:28177282]


cyclic-GMP-AMP transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cyclic-GMP-AMP from one side of a membrane to the other. [PMID:31126740]


cyclic-GMP-AMP transmembrane import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of cyclic-GMP-AMP from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. [PMID:31126740]


A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. GW-bodies minimally contain the Argonaute2 (Ago2) and TNRC6B proteins, together with specific target RNAs. [PMID:16418578, PMID:26930655, PMID:29576456]


A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm of bacteria, minimally containing the RNase E protein and RNA molecules. Bacterial RNP-bodies are similar to eukaryotic P-bodies and stress granules. [PMID:30197298]


A non-stoichiometric protein complex formed by several galectins crosslinking glycosylated ligands to form a dynamic lattice. The galectin lattice modulates receptor kinase signaling and the functionality of membrane receptors, by regulating the diffusion, compartmentalization and endocytosis of plasma membrane glycoproteins and glycolipids. [PMID:19021578, PMID:26092931, PMID:28893908, PMID:30951647]


An defense response against a bacteria mediated through an innate immune response. An innate immune response is mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. [PMID:16177355, PMID:23006328]


A receptor complex that recognizes, binds and sequesters a specific receptor ligand to prevent it from binding to its regular receptor. May be soluble or membrane bound. [GOC:bhm, PMID:30621730, PMID:9168977]


The modification of histone H3 by the addition of one or more ubiquitin groups. [GOC:mah, PMID:31468675]


histone H3K14 ubiquitination
histone H3 ubiquitination at K14
histone H3-K14 ubiquitylation

The modification of histone H3 by the addition of one or more ubiquitin groups to a lysine residue at position 14 of the histone. [GOC:mah, PMID:31468675]


A defense response against viruses mediated through an innate immune response. An innate immune response is mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. [PMID:31006531]


Receiving a signal and transmitting it in a cell to initiate an immune response. [PMID:31415752, Wikipedia:Immune_receptor]


Receiving a signal and transmitting it in a cell to initiate an innate immune response. [PMID:28921463, PMID:31415752]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of psilocybin, a psychotropic tryptamine-derived natural product. [PMID:28763571]


psilocybin synthase
norbaeocystin methyltransferase

4-hydroxytryptamine 4-phosphate methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) + 4-hydroxytryptamine 4-phosphate (norbaeocystin) <=> 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + psilocybin. [PMID:28763571]


Catalysis of the reaction: tryptamine + reduced acceptor + O(2) <=> 4-hydroxytryptamine + acceptor + H(2)O. [PMID:28763571]


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxytryptamine + ATP = 4-hydoxytryptamine 4-phosphate + ADP + H(+). [PMID:28763571]


norsolorinic acid ketoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1'S)-averantin + NADP(+) <=> norsolorinic acid + NADPH. [PMID:10584035, PMID:8368836, RHEA:35447]


ATPase-coupled azole transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of azoles, heterocyclic compound found in many biologically important substances, from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + azole(in) = ADP + phosphate + azole(out). [PMID:31501141, RHEA:33503]


Catalyzes the reaction: (1'S)-averantin + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O(2) <=> (1'S,5'S)-5'-hydroxyaverantin + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H(2)O. Involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis. [EC:1.14.14.116, PMID:8368836]


Catalyzes the reaction: (1'S,5'S)-hydroxyaverantin + NAD(+) <=> 5'-oxoaverantin + NADH. [EC:1.1.1.352, PMID:14602595]


versiconal hemiacetal acetate esterase activity

Catalyzes the reactions: versiconal hemiacetal acetate + H(2)O <=> versiconal + acetate, as well as versiconol acetate + H(2)O <=> versiconol + acetate. [EC:3.1.1.94, PMID:15006741, PMID:15932995, PMID:8368837]


Catalyzes the reaction: versicolorin B + NADPH + O(2) <=> versicolorin A + NADP(+) + 2 H(2)O. Uses heme-thiolate as a co-factor. Involved in the synthesis of aflatoxins in the fungus Aspergillus parasiticus. [PMID:15006741, PMID:8368837]


Catalyzes the reaction: 8-O-methylsterigmatocystin + 2 [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 O(2) <=> aflatoxin B + 2 [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H(2)O + methanol + CO(2). Produces both aflatoxin B(1) and aflatoxin B(2). [EC:1.14.14.117]


effector triggered suppression of host immune innate response by symbiont

effector-mediated suppression of host innate immunity

effector-triggered suppression of host immune innate response by symbiont

effector-dependent suppression of host immune innate response by symbiont

effector dependent suppression of host immune innate response by symbiont

effector-mediated suppression of host immune innate response by symbiont

effector-mediated suppression of host innate immune response by symbiont

A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the suppression of a host innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [PMID:21467214, PMID:30584105]


effector mediated modulation of host immune response by symbiont

effector-mediated modulation of host immunity

effector-triggered modulation of host immune response by symbiont

effector triggered modulation of host immune response by symbiont

effector-dependent modulation of host immune response by symbiont

effector-mediated modulation of host innate immune response by symbiont

A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the modulation (either activation or suppression) of a host innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [PMID:21467214]


spindle pole body-led chromosome movement during mitotic interphase

A microtubule-based process in which chromosomes migrate as a result of rapid spindle pole body (SPB) and centrosome oscillations during mitotic interphase. [PMID:31483748]


L-alanine export across the plasma membrane

The directed movement of L-alanine from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region. [PMID:26073055, PMID:31591285]


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + L-alanine(in) = H+(in) + L-alanine(out). [PMID:26073055, PMID:31591285]


regulation of mRNA alternative polyadenylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA alternative polyadenylation. [PMID:29507755]


positive regulation of mRNA alternative polyadenylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA alternative polyadenylation. [PMID:29507755]


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + HCO3-(out) = solute(in) + HCO3-(in). [PMID:27166256]


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: zinc(out) + HCO3-(out) = zinc(in) + HCO3-(in). [PMID:27166256]


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: zinc(out) + HCO3-(out) + HO3Se-(out) = zinc(in) + HCO3-(in) + HO3Se-(out). [PMID:27166256]


Binding a substrate via a thioester at the terminal thiol of a covalentely linked phosphopantetheine prosthetic group and mediating protein-protein interactions with cognate enzymes for processing or offloading of the thiol-bound substrate. [PMID:17502372]


effector-mediated modulation of host defenses by symbiont

A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the modulation (either activation or suppresion) of a defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [PMID:30610168]


DNA-binding transcription factor inhibitor activity


ATP-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion from intracellular stores by a channel that opens when a ATP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts. [PMID:22736763]


effector mediated modulation of host process by symbiont

effector triggered modulation of host process by symbiont

effector-dependent modulation of host process by symbiont

effector-mediated modulation of host process by symbiont

A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the modulation (either activation or suppresion) of a host structure or process. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [PMID:21467214]


The directed movement of a heme from outside of a cell into a cell. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis. [PMID:28193844]


The directed movement into cell of externally available heme by receptor-mediated endocytosis. [PMID:28193844]


effector-mediated suppression of pattern-triggered immunity signaling

effector-mediated suppression of PTI signalling

effector-mediated suppression of host pattern-triggered immunity signaling

A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the suppression of a pattern-triggered immunity PTI signaling pathway. PTI signaling pathways are found in plants. [PMID:30584105]


effector-mediated suppression of host pattern recognition receptor signaling


effector-mediated suppression of host PRR signalling

effector-mediated suppression of host PRR signaling


The directed movement of galactose from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. [PMID:23254763]


pathogen-associated molecular pattern signalling

PAMP-triggered immunity signalling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding of a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) to activate a plant innate immune response. PAMP-triggered immunity PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species. [PMID:25744358]


positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid biorientation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid biorientation, the mitotic cell cycle process in which sister chromatids establish stable, end-on attachments to the plus ends of microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles, oriented such that separation can proceed. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle, GOC:vw, PMID:15525536, PMID:20739936, PMID:21306900]


positive regulation of chromosome passenger complex localization to kinetochore

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a chromosome passenger complex localization to kinetochore. [PMID:20739936]


DNA-(apurinic site/apyrimidinic site) binding

Binding to a DNA site that has neither a purine nor a pyrimidine base. Apurinic sites can form spontaneously or when DNA glycosylase removes a damaged base. [PMID:23245849]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in 5'OH-RNA according to the reaction 5'OH-RNA + H20 = 5'OH-NpN (dinucleotide) + 5'P-RNA. [PMID:31777937]


regulation of protein localization to meiotic spindle pole body

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to a meiotic spindle pole body. [PMID:22438582]


positive regulation of protein localization to meiotic spindle pole body

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to a meiotic spindle pole body. [PMID:22438582]


negative regulation of protein localization to meiotic spindle pole body

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to a meiotic spindle pole body. [PMID:22438582]


The covalent attachment of a stearoyl group to an amino acid in a protein. [PMID:26214738]


Catalysis of the transfer of a stearoyl (systematic name, octadecanoyl) group to a sulfur atom on the cysteine of a protein molecule, in the reaction: octadecanoyl-CoA + L-cysteinyl-[protein] = CoA + S-octadecanoyl-L-cysteinyl-[protein]. [PMID:12681491, PMID:22247542, PMID:22968831, RHEA:59740]


Catalysis of the transfer of an oleoyl (systematic name, (9Z)-octadecenoyl) group to a sulfur atom on the cysteine of a protein molecule, in the reaction: (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + L-cysteinyl-[protein] = CoA + S-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-cysteinyl-[protein]. [PMID:22247542, RHEA:59744]


Catalysis of the transfer of an arachidonoyl (systematic name, (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl) group to a sulfur atom on the cysteine of a protein molecule, in the reaction: in the reaction: (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + L-cysteinyl-[protein] = CoA + S-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-cysteinyl-[protein]. [PMID:12681491, PMID:22247542, PMID:22968831, RHEA:59748]


Binding to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and eliciting a change in the protein's activity in response to the intracellular level of that small molecule. [PMID:20919928]


mitochondrion plasma membrane tether activity

plasma membrane-mitochondrion tether activity

mitochondrion plasma membrane adaptor activity

plasma membrane-mitochondrion adaptor activity

mitochondrion-plasma membrane adaptor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a mitochondrion and a plasma membrane either via membrane lipid binding or by interacting with a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, to establish or maintain the localization of the mitochondrion. [PMID:31582398]


cytoskeletal protein-nuclear membrane adaptor activity

cytoskeleton nuclear membrane anchor activity

nuclear membrane-cytoskeleton anchor activity

cytoskeletal protein-nuclear membrane anchor activity

cytoskeleton-nuclear membrane anchor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a cytoskeletal protein or protein complex and a nuclear membrane lipid or membrane-associated protein, in order to maintain the localization of the cytoskeleton at a specific location of the nuclear membrane. [PMID:16237665]


A complex of DNA and protein that seals the end of a chromosome. The telomeric repeat DNA consists of simple tandemly repeated sequences specific for each species. Typically one strand is G-rich and the other C-rich. The G-rich strand forms a 3'-terminal overhang, the length of which varies with species. The single strand overhang is bound by a variety of proteins, including telomere capping proteins that bind to the single-stranded DNA and seal the telomeric loop. [PMID:11352055, PMID:30208292]


fumigermin biosynthesis
fumigermin formation
fumigermin anabolism
fumigermin synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fumigermin, an alpha-pyrone secondary metabolite found in some species of fungi such as Aspergillus fumigatus. [PMID:32083553]


The cleavage of a peptide bond in a precursor form of a cytokine, resulting in the mature (active) form of the cytokine. [PMID:29247995]


signaling receptor ligand precursor processing

The cleavage of a peptide bond in a precursor form of a signaling receptor ligand, resulting in the mature (active) form of the ligand. [PMID:29247995]


centromere nuclear envelope anchor activity

chromosome, centromeric region-nuclear envelope anchor activity

nuclear envelope-centromere anchor activity

centromere-inner nuclear envelope anchor activity

centromere nuclear envelope tether activity

nuclear envelope-centromere tether activity

centromere-inner nuclear envelope tether activity

centromere-nuclear envelope anchor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together the centromeric region of a chromosome and the inner nuclear membrane by interacting with both the centromere/kinetochore complex and the nuclear membrane, in order to establish and maintain the centromere/kinetochore location. [PMID:31635174]


The process of targeting specific proteins to the Golgi apparatus. Usually requires an organelle-specific protein sequence motif or a protein modification (for example a palmitoylation). [PMID:18817523]


A secreted multiprotein complex composed of 4 proteins, regulating group size during aggregation in cooperative development. An example of this complex is found in Dictyostelium discoideum. [PMID:10444594, PMID:12117815, PMID:12912898, PMID:16963635, PMID:18426773]


protein aggregate center formation
PAC assembly
protein aggregate centre assembly

The reversible aggregation of misfolded proteins and chaperones, formed to shield thermosensitive proteins from degradation until conditions allow disaggregation and refolding. [PMID:32075773]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins in the cytoplasm, which are either targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation or protected by chaperones to shield thermosensitive proteins from degradation until conditions allow disaggregation and refolding. [PMID:32075773]


initial spindle pole body separation involved in meiosis I

initial meiotic spindle pole body separation

The release of duplicated meiotic spindle pole bodies (SPBs). [PMID:31532702]


Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a protein. [PMID:24498420, PMID:28360925]


pre-transcriptional gene silencing by RNA

Any gene inactivation (silencing) process mediated by small RNA molecules that occur before the trancription begins. [PMID:21420348]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a Gram-positive bacterium. [PMID:23664307]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a Gram-negative bacterium. [PMID:23664307]


protein localization to cell-cell junction

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained, in a location within a cell-cell junction. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, PMID:26706435]


regulation of protein localization to cell-cell junction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell-cell junction. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, PMID:26706435]


positive regulation of protein localization to cell-cell junction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell-cell junction. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, PMID:26706435]


negative regulation of cholesterol esterification

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol esterification. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, PMID:21810484, PMID:24201375]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transepithelial transport. [GOC:aruk, PMID:27593915]


A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-substrate junction. A cell-substrate junction is a specialized region of connection between a cell and the extracellular matrix. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, PMID:10419689, PMID:1643657, PMID:16805308, PMID:26923917, PMID:8314002]


regulation of cell-substrate junction organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate junction organization. [GOC:aruk]


positive regulation of cell-substrate junction organization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate junction organization. [GOC:aruk]


negative regulation of cell-substrate junction organization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate junction organization. [GOC:aruk]


negative regulation of protein localisation to cell-cell junction

negative regulation of protein localization to cell-cell junction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell-cell junction. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-33 production. [GOC:aruk, PMID:29778524]


negative regulation of interleukin-33 production

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-33 production. [GOC:aruk, PMID:29778524]


positive regulation of interleukin-33 production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-33 production. [GOC:aruk]


regulation of interleukin-37 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-37 biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-37 biosynthetic process


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD86 biosynthetic process. [GOC:aruk, PMID:26936882]


negative regulation of CD86 biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD86 biosynthetic process. [GOC:aruk, PMID:26936882]


positive regulation of CD86 biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD86 biosynthetic process. [GOC:aruk]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD80 biosynthetic process. [GOC:aruk, PMID:26936882]


negative regulation of CD80 biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD80 biosynthetic process. [GOC:aruk, PMID:26936882]


positive regulation of CD80 biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD80 biosynthetic process. [GOC:aruk]


The disaggregation of a cell junction into its constituent components. [GOC:aruk, PMID:25490267]


The disaggregation of a cell-cell junction into its constituent components. [GOC:aruk, PMID:25490267]


regulation of interleukin-17A biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-17A biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-17A biosynthetic process


The appearance of interleukin-34 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:aruk, PMID:26754294]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-34 production. [GOC:aruk, PMID:26754294]


positive regulation of interleukin-34 production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-34 production. [GOC:aruk]


negative regulation of interleukin-34 production

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-34 production. [GOC:aruk, PMID:26754294]


miRNA-mediated activation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

Any process mediated by a microRNA (miRNA) that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. [GOC:aruk, PMID:20737563, PMID:27145859]


miRNA-mediated regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

Any process mediated by a microRNA (miRNA) that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. [GOC:aruk, PMID:20737563, PMID:27145859]


miRNA-mediated inhibition of transcription by RNA polymerase II

Any process mediated by a microRNA (miRNA) that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. [GOC:aruk]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K4 acetylation. [GOC:aruk]


positive regulation of histone H3-K4 acetylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K4 acetylation. [GOC:aruk, PMID:20737563]


negative regulation of histone H3-K4 acetylation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K4 acetylation. [GOC:aruk]


regulation of phosphatidylcholine metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylcholine metabolic process. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, PMID:30074985]


positive regulation of phosphatidylcholine metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylcholine metabolic process. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, PMID:30074985]


negative regulation of phosphatidylcholine metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylcholine metabolic process. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, PMID:30074985]


regulation of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, PMID:30074985]


positive regulation of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, PMID:30074985]


negative regulation of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, PMID:30074985]


regulation of phosphatidylserine metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylserine metabolic process. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, PMID:30074985]


positive regulation of phosphatidylserine metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylserine metabolic process. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, PMID:30074985]


negative regulation of phosphatidylserine metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylserine metabolic process. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, PMID:30074985]


regulation of interleukin-32 biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interleukin-32 biosynthetic process


positive regulation of interleukin-32 biosynthetic process


transport across blood/cerebrospinal fluid barrier

transport across blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier

The directed movement of substances (e.g. macromolecules, small molecules, ions) through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, PMID:21349151]


regulation of transport across blood-brain barrier

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transport across the blood-brain barrier. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, PMID:29377008, PMID:30280653]


positive regulation of transport across blood-brain barrier

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transport across blood-brain barrier. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, PMID:29377008, PMID:30280653]


negative regulation of transport across blood-brain barrier

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transport across blood-brain barrier. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, PMID:29377008, PMID:30280653]


establishment and maintenance of spindle pole body localization

A process in which a mitotic spindle pole body is transported to, or maintained in, a specific cellular location. [PMID:24963130]


establishment of spindle pole body localisation

establishment of spindle pole body localization


positive regulation of ribosomal DNA heterochromatin assembly

positive regulation of rDNA heterochromatin assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of assembly of rDNA heterochromatin. [PMID:10899127]


A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm that is formed by the RNA-binding protein TIS11B and RNA molecules, enriched in membrane protein-encoding mRNAs with multiple AU-rich elements. TIS granules are reticular meshworks intertwined with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). [PMID:30449617, PMID:30479375, Wikipedia:TIGER_domain]


negative regulation of L-glutamine biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamine biosynthesis. [GOC:ha, PMID:19755423]


The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of septins and associated proteins to form a tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the junction between the mother cell and a pseudohyphal projection. [PMID:29567712]


A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. [GOC:kmv]


pathogen associated molecular pattern receptor activity


An intermediate filament composed of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and found in astrocytes. [NIF_Subcellular:sao1863852493]


A dense aggregation in the cytosol composed of proteins and RNAs that appear when the cell is under stress. [GOC:ans, PMID:17284590, PMID:17601829, PMID:17967451, PMID:20368989]


Catalysis of the reaction: an omega-methyl fatty acid + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = an omega-hydroxy fatty acid + H(+) + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase]. [GOC:krc, RHEA:39023]


MIM complex location
mitochondrial outer import machinery

A large mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex that mediates transport of proteins into mitochondrial compartments. MIM constitutes the major integration site for alpha-helical embedded proteins. In yeast, consists oof Mim1 and Mim2. [PMID:19944477, PMID:22467864, PMID:33035511]


Ring-like structures located at the nucleolar periphery where several nuclear factors are reversibly aggregated and sequestered during acute heat stress. [PMID:33176152]


pellicular plasma membrane
pellicle membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the pellicle, a structure enclosing some parasite cells such as certain apicomplexa and Euglenozoa. These membranes are associated with an infrastructure of microtubules, microfilaments, and other organelles. [GOC:ach, GOC:krc, PMID:18095354, PMID:30550896, PMID:6993644, PMID:7175771]


translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane

A large mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex that mediates transport of proteins into mitochondrial compartments. TOM transports beta-barrel precursors across the outer membrane and the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM complex) inserts them into the target membrane. [PMID:33035511]


ATP-dependent citrate lyase complex location

A protein complex that catalyzes the cleavage of citrate into oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA. [PMID:12376641]


The series of molecular signals generated in response to diverse stress stimuli required to restore cellular homeostasis. The core event in this pathway is the phosphorylation of eIF2 alpha by one of four members of the eIF2a kinase family (EIF2AK1/HRI, EIF2AK2/PKR, EIF2AK3/PERK and EIF2AK4/GCN2), which leads to a decrease in global protein synthesis and the induction of selected genes, including the transcription factor ATF4, that together promote cellular recovery. [PMID:27629041]


An aggregation of axonemal dyneins, their specific assembly factors, and broadly-acting chaperones that is located in the cytoplasm. [GOC:krc, PMID:30561330, PMID:32898505, PMID:33263282]


Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + 2 O2 = H(+) + NADP(+) + 2 superoxide. [RHEA:63180]

superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase activity


microtubule sliding involved in mitotic spindle elongation


coflocculation via lectin-mannose interaction


coflocculation via protein-carbohydrate interaction


activation of MAPK activity involved in osmosensory signaling pathway


activation of MAPKK activity during osmolarity sensing


activation of MAPKK activity involved in osmosensory signaling pathway


activation of MAPKKK activity during osmolarity sensing


activation of MAPKKK activity involved in osmosensory signaling pathway


inactivation of MAPK activity involved in osmosensory signaling pathway


osmolarity sensing, activation of MAP kinase kinase activity


osmolarity sensing, activation of MAP kinase kinase kinase activity


osmolarity sensing, activation of MAPK activity


osmolarity sensing, activation of MAPKK activity


osmolarity sensing, activation of MAPKKK activity


termination of MAPK activity during osmolarity sensing


threonyl-carbamoly transferase complex location


condensed nuclear chromosome, centromeric region


gamma-tubulin large complex location, centrosomal

gamma-tubulin large complex, centrosomal


gamma-tubulin large complex location, eMTOC


gamma-tubulin large complex, equatorial microtubule organizing centre

gamma-tubulin large complex location, equatorial microtubule organizing centre

gamma-tubulin large complex location, equatorial microtubule organizing center

gamma-tubulin large complex, equatorial microtubule organizing center


gamma-tubulin large complex location, iMTOC


gamma-tubulin large complex location, interphase microtubule organizing center

gamma-tubulin large complex location, interphase microtubule organizing centre

gamma-tubulin large complex, interphase microtubule organizing centre

gamma-tubulin large complex, interphase microtubule organizing center


gamma-tubulin large complex location, mitotic spindle pole body

gamma-tubulin large complex, mitotic spindle pole body


gamma-tubulin large complex location, spindle pole body

gamma-tubulin large complex, spindle pole body


gamma-tubulin ring complex location, centrosomal


bacterial-type RNA polymerase termination site sequence-specific DNA binding


mitochondrial RNA polymerase termination site sequence-specific DNA binding


mitochondrial RNA polymerase terminator site sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity


transcription factor activity, mitochondrial RNA polymerase terminator site sequence-specific binding


RNA polymerase II transcription cofactor binding


RNA polymerase II transcription coregulator binding


RNA polymerase II transcription corepressor binding


RNA polymerase II transcription coactivator binding


regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process


inhibition of cytokine biosynthetic process


negative regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process


negative regulation of cytokine secretion


positive regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process


positive regulation of cytokine secretion


cytokine biosynthetic process involved in immune response


cytokine secretion during immune response


cytokine secretion involved in immune response


antibody secretion during immune response


immunoglobulin biosynthetic process involved in immune response


immunoglobulin secretion involved in immune response


immune response in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue


platelet activating factor secretion involved in acute inflammatory response


platelet activating factor secretion involved in inflammatory response


regulation of immunoglobulin biosynthetic process


negative regulation of immunoglobulin biosynthetic process


negative regulation of immunoglobulin secretion


positive regulation of immunoglobulin biosynthetic process


positive regulation of immunoglobulin secretion


regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process involved in immune response


regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response


negative regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process involved in immune response


negative regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response


positive regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process involved in immune response


positive regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response


defence response signaling pathway, resistance gene-dependent

defence response signalling pathway, resistance gene-dependent

defense response signalling pathway, resistance gene-dependent

defense response signaling pathway, resistance gene-dependent


magnesium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity


ARF guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity


cAMP-dependent guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity


Rab guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity


Rac guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity


Ral guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity


Ran guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity


Rap guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity


Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity


Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity


Sar guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity


small ribonucleoprotein protein complex location


signal transduction involved in mitotic cell cycle G1/S checkpoint


signal transduction involved in mitotic G2/M transition checkpoint


signal transduction involved in Dma1-dependent checkpoint


signal transduction involved in SAC-independent checkpoint


signalling cascade involved in Dma1-dependent checkpoint

signaling cascade involved in Dma1-dependent checkpoint


signalling cascade involved in SAC-independent checkpoint

signaling cascade involved in SAC-independent checkpoint


signalling pathway involved in Dma1-dependent checkpoint

signaling pathway involved in Dma1-dependent checkpoint


signalling pathway involved in SAC-independent checkpoint

signaling pathway involved in SAC-independent checkpoint


down-regulation of signal transduction involved in mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint

down regulation of signal transduction involved in mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint


down-regulation of signal transduction involved in mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint

down regulation of signal transduction involved in mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint


inhibition of signal transduction involved in mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint


negative regulation of signal transduction involved in mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint


negative regulation of signal transduction involved in mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint


positive regulation of signal transduction involved in mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint


positive regulation of signal transduction involved in mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint


regulation of signal transduction involved in mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint


regulation of signal transduction involved in mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint


signal transduction by cis-phosphorylation


signal transduction by conformational transition


signal transduction by protein phosphorylation


signal transduction by trans-phosphorylation


gene conversion at mating-type locus, DNA double-strand break formation


gene conversion at mating-type locus, DNA double-strand break processing


gene conversion at mating-type locus, DNA repair synthesis


gene conversion at mating-type locus, termination of copy-synthesis


heteroduplex formation involved in gene conversion at mating-type locus


electron transporter, transferring electrons within CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase complex activity


electron transporter, transferring electrons within cytochrome c oxidase complex activity


peptidase activity, acting on D-amino acid peptides


peptidase activity, acting on L-amino acid peptides


gamma-tubulin small complex location, centrosomal

gamma-tubulin small complex, centrosomal


gamma-tubulin small complex location, mitotic spindle pole body

gamma-tubulin small complex, mitotic spindle pole body


gamma-tubulin small complex location, spindle pole body

gamma-tubulin small complex, spindle pole body


sodium-dependent L-ascorbate transmembrane transporter activity


2-hydroxy-adenosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase activity


citrate synthase complex
citrate synthase complex location


viral gene silencing in virus induced gene silencing


viral triggering of virus induced gene silencing


ATP-dependent chloride transmembrane transporter activity


ATPase-coupled chloride transmembrane transporter activity


ATP-dependent rhamnose transmembrane transporter activity


ATPase-coupled rhamnose transmembrane transporter activity


manganese transmembrane transporter activity, phosphorylative mechanism


alkylphosphonate transmembrane transporter activity


organic phosphonate transmembrane transporter activity


ATPase-coupled spermidine transmembrane transporter activity


ATP-dependent glycerol-2-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity


ATPase-coupled glycerol-2-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity


ATPase-coupled heme transporter activity


ATPase-coupled fatty-acyl-CoA transmembrane transporter activity


ATP-dependent iron-chelate transporter activity


ATPase-coupled iron-chelate transporter activity


oxidoreductase activity, reducing metal ions


oxidoreductase activity, reducing metal ions, NAD or NADP as acceptor


divalent inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity


monovalent inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity


trivalent inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity


signal transduction involved in cell size control checkpoint


G1 cell size control checkpoint signalling


signal transduction involved in G1 cell size control checkpoint


signal transduction involved in mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition size control checkpoint


signal transduction involved in G2 cell size control checkpoint


signal transduction involved in G2/M transition size control checkpoint


signal transduction involved in mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition size control checkpoint


signal transduction involved in mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint


signal transduction involved in mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint


granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process


hepatocyte growth factor biosynthetic process


interleukin-1 alpha biosynthetic process


tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process


regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process


regulation of connective tissue growth factor biosynthetic process


regulation of fractalkine biosynthetic process


regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process


regulation of hepatocyte growth factor biosynthetic process


regulation of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process


regulation of interferon-alpha secretion


regulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process


regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process


regulation of interleukin-1 alpha biosynthetic process


regulation of interleukin-1 alpha secretion


regulation of interleukin-1 beta biosynthetic process


regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion


regulation of interleukin-1 biosynthetic process


regulation of interleukin-10 biosynthetic process


regulation of interleukin-11 biosynthetic process


regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process


regulation of interleukin-13 biosynthetic process


regulation of interleukin-15 biosynthetic process


regulation of interleukin-16 biosynthetic process


regulation of interleukin-17 biosynthetic process


regulation of interleukin-18 biosynthetic process


regulation of interleukin-19 biosynthetic process


regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process


regulation of interleukin-20 biosynthetic process


regulation of interleukin-21 biosynthetic process


regulation of interleukin-22 biosynthetic process


regulation of interleukin-23 biosynthesis


regulation of interleukin-23 biosynthetic process


regulation of interleukin-24 biosynthetic process


regulation of interleukin-25 biosynthetic process


regulation of interleukin-26 biosynthetic process


regulation of interleukin-27 biosynthetic process


regulation of interleukin-3 biosynthetic process


regulation of interleukin-4 biosynthetic process


regulation of interleukin-5 biosynthetic process


regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process


regulation of interleukin-7 biosynthetic process


regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process


regulation of interleukin-9 biosynthetic process


regulation of TRAIL biosynthetic process


regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process


regulation of tumor necrosis factor secretion


regulation of lymphotoxin A biosynthetic process


negative regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process


negative regulation of chemokine secretion


negative regulation of connective tissue growth factor biosynthetic process


negative regulation of CX3CL1 biosynthesis


negative regulation of fractalkine biosynthetic process


negative regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process


negative regulation of hepatocyte growth factor biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interferon-alpha secretion


negative regulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process


negative regulation of interferon-beta secretion


negative regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process