SAM-dependent tellurite methyltransferase activity

S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent tellurite methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to tellurite [TeO3(2-)]. Methylated derivatives of tellurite include Te(CH3)2 (dimethyltelluride) and Te2(CH3)2 (dimethylditelluride). [GOC:bf, GOC:kad, PMID:11053398, PMID:21244361]


A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the ureter to attain its fully functional state. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder or from the Malpighian tubule to the hindgut. [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, GOC:yaf, PMID:17881463]


Binds to and increases the activity of deubiquitinase, an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of various forms of polymeric ubiquitin sequences. [GOC:sart, ISBN:0120793709]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adrenal cortex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The adrenal cortex is located at the periphery of the adrenal gland and controls glucose and electrolyte metabolism, response to stress and sexual development through the production of different classes of steroid hormones (glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and androgens). [PMID:12185666, PMID:21115154, Wikipedia:Adrenal_cortex]


The process that gives rise to the adrenal cortex. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The adrenogonadal primordium from which the adrenal cortex is formed derives from a condensation of coelomic epithelial cells (the urogenital ridge; the same structure from which gonads and kidney also originate). [PMID:12185666, PMID:21115154]


Construction of an egg coat, a specialized extracellular matrix that surrounds the ovum of animals. The egg coat provides structural support and can play an essential role in oogenesis, fertilization and early development. [GOC:bf, GOC:sart, GOC:yaf, PMID:16944418, PMID:17163408]


The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of an egg coat. An egg coat is a specialized extracellular matrix that surrounds the ovum of animals. The egg coat provides structural support and can play an essential role in oogenesis, fertilization and early development. [PMID:16944418, PMID:17163408]


structural constituent of vitelline envelope


structural constituent of zona pellucida


A specialized extracellular matrix that surrounds the plasma membrane of the ovum of animals. The egg coat provides structural support and can play an essential role in oogenesis, fertilization and early development. [PMID:16944418, PMID:17163408]


modulation by organism of blood clotting in other organism

regulation by organism of blood clotting in other organism

regulation of blood clotting in other organism

modulation by organism of blood coagulation in other organism

regulation of blood coagulation in other organism

modulation of blood coagulation in other organism

modulation of blood coagulation in another organism

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in another organism. Blood coagulation is the sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot. [GOC:bf, GOC:fj]


positive regulation of blood clotting in other organism

positive regulation by organism of blood coagulation in other organism

positive regulation of blood coagulation in other organism

positive regulation by organism of blood clotting in other organism

positive regulation of blood coagulation in another organism

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in another organism. Blood coagulation is the sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot. [GOC:bf, GOC:fj, PMID:12362232]


meiotic recombination initiation complex location

A protein complex that initiates the formation of double-strand breaks (DSBs) required for meiotic recombination. Consists of a protein that catalyses formation of the double-strand breaks (Spo11 in S. cerevisiae and Rec12 in S. pombe), and a number of accessory proteins. [GOC:vw, PMID:12897161, PMID:20364342, PMID:21429938]


regulation of urinary volume
regulation of urine flow

Any process that modulates the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time. [GOC:mtg_25march11, GOC:yaf]


increase in urine flow
elevation of urinary volume

Any process that increases the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time. [GOC:mtg_25march11, GOC:yaf]


reduction of urinary volume
decrease in urine flow
antidiuresis

Any process that decreases the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time. [GOC:mtg_25march11, GOC:yaf]


The elimination of sodium ions from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine. [GOC:mtg_25march11, GOC:yaf, PMID:25287933]


Any process that modulates the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time. [GOC:mtg_25march11, GOC:yaf]


negative regulation of renal sodium excretion

Any process that decreases the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time. [GOC:mtg_25march11, GOC:yaf]


positive regulation of renal sodium excretion

Any process that increases the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time. [GOC:mtg_25march11, GOC:yaf]


renal water absorption involved in negative regulation of urine volume

Any process where water is taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron, which acts to decrease the amount of urine that is excreted from the body per unit time. [GOC:mtg_25march11, GOC:yaf]


renal sodium ion absorption involved in negative regulation of renal sodium excretion

Any process where sodium ions are taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron, which contributes to decreasing the amount of sodium that is excreted in urine per unit time. [GOC:mtg_25march11, GOC:yaf]


positive regulation of urine volume by pressure natriuresis

An increase in the amount of urine excreted over a unit of time, as a result of pressure natriuresis. [GOC:mtg_25march11, GOC:yaf]


diuresis resulting from pressure natriuresis


positive regulation of renal sodium excretion by pressure natriuresis

An increase in the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time, as a result of pressure natriuresis. [GOC:mtg_25march11, GOC:yaf]


natriuresis resulting from pressure natriuresis


negative regulation of renal sodium excretion by angiotensin

The process in which angiotensin decreases the amount of sodium that is excreted in urine over a unit of time. [GOC:mtg_25march11, GOC:yaf]


modification of morphology or physiology of other organism

modulation of process of another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or processes of another organism. [GOC:bf]


regulation of morphology or physiology of other organism


regulation of physiological process of other organism


A gene conversion process in which a segment of about 50-200 base pairs is transferred from the donor to the acceptor. [GOC:mah, PMID:16954385]


A gene conversion process in which a segment of more than 1000 base pairs is transferred from the donor to the acceptor. [GOC:mah, PMID:16954385]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving palmatine, a berberine alkaloid found in many plants. [GOC:yaf]


palmatine biosynthesis
palmatine formation
palmatine anabolism
palmatine synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of palmatine, a berberine alkaloid found in many plants. [GOC:yaf]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving berbamunine, an isoquinoline alkaloid. [GOC:yaf]


berbamunine anabolism
berbamunine biosynthesis
berbamunine synthesis
berbamunine formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of berbamunine, an isoquinoline alkaloid. [GOC:yaf]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving an indole alkaloid, an alkaloid containing an indole skeleton. [GOC:yaf]


indole alkaloid synthesis
indole alkaloid biosynthetic process
indole alkaloid formation
indole alkaloid biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole alkaloid, an alkaloid containing an indole skeleton. [GOC:yaf]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving an ergot alkaloid, an indole alkaloid. [GOC:yaf]


ergot alkaloid anabolism
ergot alkaloid biosynthesis
ergot alkaloid synthesis
ergot alkaloid formation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an ergot alkaloid. [GOC:yaf]


The region at either end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell, where polarized growth occurs. [GOC:mah]


A cell tip at which no growth takes place. For example, in fission yeast the cell end newly formed by cell division does not grow immediately upon its formation, and lacks actin cytoskeletal structures. [GOC:expert_jd, GOC:mah]


A cell tip which has existed for at least one complete cell cycle, and at which polarized growth occurs. For example, in fission yeast the cell end that existed prior to cell division grows immediately after division, and contains a distinctive complement of proteins including actin cytoskeletal structures. [GOC:expert_jd, GOC:mah]


new cell tip after activation of bipolar cell growth

A cell tip that was newly formed at the last cell division, and that has started to grow after the cell has activated bipolar cell growth (i.e. in which new end take-off, NETO, has taken place). New end take-off is when monopolar cells initiate bipolar growth. [GOC:expert_jd, GOC:mah, PMID:19431238]


post-NETO old cell end
post-NETO old cell tip
post-new end take-off old cell tip

old cell tip after activation of bipolar cell growth

A cell tip which has existed for at least one complete cell cycle, and at which polarized growth occurs, which is part of a cell that has activated bipolar cell growth (i.e. in which new end take-off, NETO, has taken place). For example, in fission yeast the cell end that existed prior to cell division grows immediately after division, and contains a distinctive complement of proteins including actin cytoskeletal structures. [GOC:expert_jd, GOC:mah]


A membrane-bound structure present in the nucleus of a spermatozoon. There is variation in the number of endonuclear canals between sperm of different organisms, and some species lack these structures altogether. The endonuclear canal may provide a supporting role for the sperm nucleus, and originates during spermiogenesis from an invagination of the nuclear envelope. [GOC:bf, PMID:18359585]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cloaca over time, from it's formation to the mature structure. The cloaca is the common chamber into which intestinal, genital and urinary canals open in vertebrates. [GOC:dgh, ISBN:0582227089]


photoreceptor outer segment organization

photoreceptor cell outer segment organisation

photoreceptor cell outer segment organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level and results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the outer segment of a photoreceptor cell, a sensory cell that reacts to the presence of light. The outer segment of the photoreceptor cell contains the light-absorbing materials. [ISBN:0824072820, PMID:14507858]


The progression of the oviduct epithelium over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. An oviduct is a tube through which an ova passes from the ovary to the uterus, or from the ovary to the outside of the organism. The oviduct epithelium is the specialized epithelium that lines the oviduct. [GOC:yaf, http://www.thefreedictionary.com/oviduct]


The progression of an epithelium of the uterus over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. [GOC:bf, GOC:yaf]


The process in which anatomical structures of the oviduct are generated and organized. An oviduct is a tube through which an ova passes from the ovary to the uterus, or from the ovary to the outside of the organism. [GOC:yaf, http://www.thefreedictionary.com/oviduct]


The process in which the nephric duct grows along its axis. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, GOC:yaf, PMID:16216236]


epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of an epithelial cell that characterize the cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state. [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, GOC:yaf, PMID:16216236]


KRAB domain binding
Krueppel-associated box binding

Binding to a Krueppel-associated box (KRAB) domain of a protein. The approximately 75 amino acid KRAB domain is enriched in charged amino acids, and is found in the N-terminal regions of many zinc finger-containing transcription factors. [InterPro:IPR001909]


laminar positioning of retinal horizontal cell

Any process in which a horizontal cell is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the retina. A horizontal cell is a neuron that laterally connects other neurons in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the retina. Targeting of retinal neurons to the appropriate lamina is vital to establish the architecture of the retina. [CL:0000745, GOC:bf, GOC:yaf, PMID:18094249]


CPC complex localization to spindle midzone

chromosomal passenger complex localization to spindle midzone

chromosome passenger complex localisation to spindle midzone

chromosome passenger complex localization to spindle equator

chromosome passenger complex localization to central spindle

chromosome passenger complex localization to spindle midzone

A cellular protein complex localization that acts on a chromosome passenger complex; as a result, the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location at the spindle midzone. A chromosome passenger complex is a protein complex that contains the BIR-domain-containing protein Survivin, Aurora B kinase, INCENP and Borealin, and coordinates various events based on its location to different structures during the course of mitosis. The spindle midzone is the area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap. [GOC:mah, GOC:vw, PMID:15296749]


The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a eosinophil cell. A eosinophil is any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by one or more slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and which can be stained by the dye eosin. [CL:0000771, GOC:BHF, GOC:vk]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a megakaryocyte cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Megakaryocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a megakaryocyte fate. A megakaryocyte is a giant cell 50 to 100 micron in diameter, with a greatly lobulated nucleus, found in the bone marrow. [CL:0000556, GOC:BHF, GOC:vk]


The process involved in the specification of identity of an eosinophil cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. [CL:0000771, GOC:BHF, GOC:vk]


The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an eosinophil cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. [CL:0000771, GOC:BHF, GOC:vk]


GATOR complex
SEA complex
SEA complex location
Seh1-associated complex location
GATOR complex location

A GTPase-activating protein (GAP) complex that regulates TORC1 signaling by interacting with the Rag GTPase. In S. cerevisiae the complex contains Seh1p, Sec13p, Npr2p, Npr3p, Iml1p, Mtc5p, Rtc1p, and Sea4p. [GOC:jh, PMID:21454883, PMID:23974112]


glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signalling pathway

glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signalling pathway

glial cell derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway

glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor. [GOC:yaf, PMID:12953054]


DNA damage foci
site of DSB
ionizing radiation-induced foci
DNA damage focus
IRIF

A region of a chromosome at which a DNA double-strand break has occurred. DNA damage signaling and repair proteins accumulate at the lesion to respond to the damage and repair the DNA to form a continuous DNA helix. [GOC:bf, GOC:mah, GOC:vw, PMID:20096808, PMID:21035408]


deoxyinosine 5'-triphosphate metabolic process

2'-Deoxyinosine 5'-triphosphate metabolic process

deoxyinosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyinosine 5'-triphosphate) metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dITP (deoxyinosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyinosine 5'-triphosphate). dITP is a deoxyinosine phosphate compound having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position. [GOC:bf]


deoxyinosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyinosine 5'-triphosphate) catabolic process

2'-Deoxyinosine 5'-triphosphate catabolic process

deoxyinosine 5'-triphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dITP, a deoxyinosine phosphate compound having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position. [GOC:dgf]


response to potassium
response to K+ ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a potassium ion stimulus. [GOC:yaf]


cellular response to K+ ion
cellular response to potassium

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a potassium ion stimulus. [GOC:yaf]


alphav-beta3 integrin-protein kinase C alpha complex location

alphav-beta3 integrin-PKCalpha complex location

alphav-beta3 integrin-PKCa complex location

A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to protein kinase C alpha. [GOC:BHF, GOC:ebc, PMID:16014375]


alphav-beta3 integrin-IGF-1-IGF1R complex location

A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R). IGF1R is a heterotetramer that consists of two alpha-subunits and two beta-subunits. [GOC:BHF, GOC:ebc, PMID:19578119]


alphav-beta3 integrin-HMGB1 complex location

alphav-beta3 integrin-high mobility group box 1 complex location

A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to high mobility group box 1 protein. [GOC:BHF, GOC:ebc, PMID:20826760]


cilium transition zone
cilial transition zone

A region of the cilium between the basal body and proximal segment that is characterized by Y-shaped assemblages that connect axonemal microtubules to the ciliary membrane. The ciliary transition zone appears to function as a gate that controls ciliary membrane composition and separates the cytosol from the ciliary plasm. [GOC:cilia, GOC:kmv, PMID:21422230]


deoxyinosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dITP + H2O = dIMP + diphosphate. [GOC:dgf, PMID:21548881, RHEA:28342]


protein K11-linked deubiquitinylation
protein K11-linked deubiquitylation

A protein deubiquitination process in which a K11-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 11 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein. [GOC:sp, PMID:21596315]


nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor signal transduction pathway

nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing receptor signaling pathway

nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor signalling pathway

nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor (NLR), and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. NLRs are cytoplasmic receptors defined by their tripartite domain architecture that contains: a variable C-terminus, a middle nucleotide-binding domain, and a LRR domain that is variable in the repeats composition and number. [GOC:sj, PMID:18280719]


The process in which lactate is transported across a membrane. Lactate is 2-hydroxypropanoate, CH3-CHOH-COOH; L(+)-lactate is formed by anaerobic glycolysis in animal tissues, and DL-lactate is found in sour milk, molasses and certain fruit juices. [GOC:mcc, ISBN:0198506732]


cellular response to copper ion starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of copper ions. [GOC:vw, PMID:16467469]


maintenance of centromeric meiotic sister chromatin cohesion

maintenance of sister chromatin cohesion at centromere at meiosis I

maintenance of meiotic sister chromatin cohesion at centromere

maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric

The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the length of the centromeric region is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a meiotic cell cycle. [GOC:vw, PMID:1708436]


maintenance of meiotic sister chromatin cohesion along arms

maintenance of sister chromatin cohesion along arms at meiosis I

maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, arms

The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the length of the chromosome arms, is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a meiotic cell cycle. [GOC:vw, PMID:1708436]


Binding to a DED domain (death effector domain) of a protein, a homotypic protein interaction module composed of a bundle of six alpha-helices that is related in structure to the death domain (DD). [GOC:ecd, InterPro:IPR001875]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nail over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A nail is a horn-like envelope covering the outer end of a finger or toe, and consists of the nail plate, the nail matrix and the nail bed below it, and the grooves surrounding it. [GOC:bf, ISBN:0323025781, UBERON:0001705, Wikipedia:Nail_(anatomy)]


The directed movement of lactate across a plasma membrane. [GOC:mcc]


The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of a nail plate are generated and organized. The nail plate is the hard and translucent portion of the nail, composed of keratin, and serves to protect the tips of digits. [GOC:BHF, GOC:vk, ISBN:0323025781, PMID:11369996, UBERON:0008198, Wikipedia:Nail_(anatomy)]


The transfer of information from one cell to another, where an endocrine hormone is transported from the signal-producing cell to the receiving cell via the circulatory system (via blood, lymph or cerebrospinal fluid). The signaling cell and the receiving cell are often distant to each other. [GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11, ISBN:0199264678, ISBN:3527303782]


opioid receptor signaling pathway
opioid receptor signalling pathway

G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by an opioid binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. [GOC:bf, PMID:20494127]


The process in which regions of the embryo are delineated into the area in which the pronephric kidney will develop. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10]


specification of pronephric proximal tubule identity

The process in which the proximal tubule of the pronephric nephron acquires its identity. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10]


specification of pronephric tubule identity

The process in which the tubules arranged along the proximal/distal axis of the pronephric nephron acquire their identity. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10]


pronephric tubule formation
pronephros tubule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a pronephric nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of a nephron in the pronephros. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the pronephric nephron are generated and organized. A pronephric nephron is the functional unit of the pronephros. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10]


The process in which the anatomical structures of a pronephric nephron tubule are generated and organized from an epithelium. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephric nephron. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, ZFA:00001558]


pronephric rectal diverticulum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the rectal diverticulum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The rectal diverticulum is an outgrowth of the cloaca and links the pronephric kidney to the exterior. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, PMID:10535314, PMID:18226983, XAO:0001015]


specification of pronephric distal tubule identity

The process in which the distal tubule of the pronephric nephron acquires its identity. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10]


pronephros proximal tubule morphogenesis

pronephric proximal tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a pronephric nephron proximal tubule are generated and organized. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric sinus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pronephric sinus is an ill-defined capillary network that lies between the pronephric tubules. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, PMID:10535314, XAO:0000385]


The process in which the anatomical structures of a pronephric nephron distal tubule are generated and organized. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10]


cell differentiation involved in pronephric kidney development

cell differentiation involved in pronephros development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the pronephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10]


cell proliferation involved in pronephric kidney development

cell proliferation involved in pronephros development

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the pronephros. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10]


cell-cell signalling involved in pronephros development

cell-cell signaling involved in pronephric kidney development

cell-cell signaling involved in pronephros development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the pronephros over time, from its formation to the mature organ. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10]


pattern specification involved in pronephric kidney development

pattern specification involved in pronephros development

Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the pronephros to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nephrostome over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The nephrostome is the opening of the pronephros into the body cavity. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, PMID:14686690, PMID:15647339, XAO:0000062]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pronephric nephron is the functional unit of the pronephros. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, XAO:00002785]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pronephric nephron tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephric nephron and connects the filtration unit (glomerulus or glomus) of the pronephros to the pronephric duct. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, PMID:19909807, PMID:9268568]


The progression of the glomerulus of the pronephric kidney over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pronephric glomerulus is part of the pronephric nephron and is restricted to one body segment. [GOC:dgh, GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, ZFA:00001557]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pronephric duct collects the filtrate from the pronephric tubules and opens to the exterior of the pronephric kidney. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, PMID:15647339, XAO:0000063, ZFA:0000150]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the pronephric duct are generated and organized. The pronephric duct collects the filtrate from the pronephric tubules and opens to the exterior of the kidney. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, XAO:0000063, ZFA:0000150]


suppression by virus of host type I IFN production

negative regulation by virus of host type I interferon production

suppression by virus of host interferon type I production

suppression by virus of host type I interferon production

Any viral process that results in the inhibition of host cell type I interferon production. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families. [GOC:add, GOC:bf, GOC:sp, UniProtKB-KW:KW-1113, VZ:875]


negative regulation by virus of host type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway

suppression by virus of host type I interferon-mediated signalling pathway

suppression by virus of host type I IFN-mediated signaling pathway

suppression by virus of host type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type I interferon-mediated signaling in the host organism. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families. [GOC:add, GOC:bf, GOC:sp, UniProtKB-KW:KW-1114, VZ:883]


suppression by virus of host innate immunity

negative regulation by virus of host innate immune response

negative regulation by virus of host innate immunity

inhibition of host innate immune response by virus

suppression by virus of host innate immune response

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of the host organism, the host's first line of defense. [GOC:add, GOC:bf, GOC:sp, UniProtKB-KW:KW-1090]


negative regulation by virus of host adaptive immunity

suppression by virus of host acquired immune response

inhibition of host adaptive immune response by virus

negative regulation by virus of host adaptive immune response

suppression by virus of host adaptive immune response

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the adaptive immune response of the host organism, an immune response based on directed amplification of specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for enhanced response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). [GOC:add, GOC:bf, GOC:sp, UniProtKB-KW:KW-1080]


suppression by virus of host antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II

Any viral process that inhibits a host antigen-presenting cell expressing a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. [GOC:add, GOC:bf, UniProtKB-KW:KW-1116, VZ:820]


modification by virus of host protein function

modulation by virus of host molecular function

The process in which a virus effects a change in the function of a host protein via a direct interaction. [GOC:bf, GOC:sp]


down regulation by virus of host protein function

negative regulation by virus of host molecular function

negative regulation by virus of host protein function

down-regulation by virus of host protein function

suppression by virus of host molecular function

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the functional activity of a host protein. [GOC:bf, GOC:sp]


inhibition by virus of host receptor activity

suppression by virus of host receptor function

downregulation by virus of host receptor activity

down-regulation by virus of host receptor activity

negative regulation by virus of host receptor activity

suppression by virus of host receptor activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the functional activity of a host receptor. [GOC:bf, GOC:sp]


down regulation by virus of host pattern recognition receptor activity

viral inhibition of host pattern recognition receptor activity

down-regulation by virus of host pattern recognition receptor activity

suppression by virus of host pattern recognition receptor function

negative regulation by virus of host pattern recognition receptor activity

suppression by virus of host pattern recognition receptor activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the functional activity of a host pattern recognition receptor. A pattern recognition receptor combines with a molecular pattern based on a repeating or polymeric structure, such as a polysaccharide or peptidoglycan, to initiate a change in cell activity. [GOC:bf, GOC:sp]


An immune response which is associated with resistance to extracellular organisms such as helminths and pathological conditions such as allergy, which is orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines, most notably IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13, by any of a variety of cell types including T-helper 2 cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and nuocytes, resulting in enhanced production of certain antibody isotypes and other effects. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:18000958, PMID:18007680, PMID:20065995, PMID:20200518]


cuticle development involved in collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle molting cycle

Synthesis and deposition of a collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet, occurring as part of the molting cycle. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans. [GOC:mtg_sensu]


cell wall modification during multidimensional cell growth


dosage compensation complex assembly involved in dosage compensation by hypoactivation of X chromosome

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA to form the complex that mediates dosage compensation on both X chromosomes in the monogametic sex, ultimately resulting in a two-fold reduction in transcription from these chromosomes. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans. [GOC:jl, PMID:11102361, PMID:12672493]


flavin-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a flavin, any derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position. [GOC:jl, GOC:mah]


flavin-containing compound anabolism
flavin-containing compound formation
flavin-containing compound biosynthesis
flavin-containing compound synthesis

flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a flavin, any derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position. [GOC:jl, GOC:mah]


flavin-containing compound catabolic process breakdown

flavin-containing compound catabolic process degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a flavin, any derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position. [GOC:jl, GOC:mah]


Any process that generates a purine-containing compound, any nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or nucleic acid that contains a purine base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis. [GOC:jl]


DNA synthesis involved in double-strand break repair via homologous recombination

The synthesis of DNA that contributes to the process of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination. [GOC:go_curators]


DNA synthesis involved in double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing

The synthesis of DNA that contributes to the process of double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing. [GOC:go_curators]


ABC-type efflux permease complex location


ABC-type uptake permease complex location


ethylene biosynthesis involved in jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), occurring as part of the process of jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance. [GOC:jl]


pigment metabolic process involved in developmental pigmentation

The chemical reactions and pathways involving biological pigments e.g. melanin, occurring as part of the development of an organ or organism. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]


CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell development


regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell development


negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell development


positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell development


CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell development


regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell development


negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell development


positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell development


negative regulation of memory T cell development


positive regulation of memory T cell development


ethanol biosynthetic process involved in glucose fermentation to ethanol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, as part of the process of glucose catabolism to ethanol, CO2 and ATP. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:tb]


pigment metabolic process involved in pigmentation

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, resulting in the deposition or aggregation of pigment in an organism, tissue or cell. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:tb]


pigment metabolic process involved in pigment accumulation

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, as part of the accumulation of pigment. [GOC:jl]


pigment biosynthetic process involved in pigment accumulation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, resulting in pigment accumulation. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:tb]


anthocyanin biosynthetic process involved in anthocyanin accumulation in response to UV light

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pigment anthocyanin, contributing to anthocyanin accumulation in a tissue in response to a UV light stimulus. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:tb]


regulation of myosin II filament organisation

regulation of myosin II filament organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules. [GOC:jl]


activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity


stimulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity


inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity


ncRNA polyadenylation involved in polyadenylation-dependent ncRNA catabolic process

The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end of a non-coding RNA, occurring as part of the process of polyadenylation-dependent non-coding RNA catabolism. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:tb]


mitochondrial fragmentation involved in apoptosis


cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism

The attachment of a cell to either a host cell or a microbial cell of the same species, or to an underlying host substrate, such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules, occurring during the formation of a biofilm in or on a host species. [GOC:jl]


cell adhesion involved in biofilm formation

The attachment of a cell to a solid substrate, via cell adhesion molecules, contributing to the formation of a biofilm. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:tb]


cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation

The attachment of a cell to a solid substrate, via cell adhesion molecules, during the formation of a biofilm composed of microorganisms of the same species. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:tb]


cell adhesion involved in multi-species biofilm formation

The attachment of a cell to a solid substrate, via cell adhesion molecules, contributing to the formation of a biofilm composed of microorganisms of different species. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:tb]


primary ovarian follicle growth involved in double layer follicle stage

Increase in size of primary follicles including oocyte growth and granulosa and/or theca cell proliferation until more than one layer of granulosa cells is present (preantral follicle), as part of the double layer follicle stage of oogenesis. [GOC:mtg_mpo]


primary ovarian follicle growth involved in primary follicle stage

Increase in size of primary follicles including oocyte growth and granulosa and/or theca cell proliferation until more than one layer of granulosa cells is present (preantral follicle) as part of the primary follicle stage of oogenesis. [GOC:mtg_mpo]


development involved in symbiotic interaction


modulation of development of symbiont involved in interaction with host


negative regulation of development of symbiont involved in interaction with host


positive regulation of development of symbiont involved in interaction with host


development on or near surface of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction

development on or near surface of other organism during symbiotic interaction


nitrogen compound breakdown
nitrogen compound degradation


nitrogen compound synthesis
nitrogen compound formation
nitrogen compound anabolism


A protein deubiquitination process in which a K6-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 6 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein. [GOC:sp]


A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 27 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. [PMID:19345326]


protein secretion by the type VII secretion system

The process in which proteins are transferred into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells, via the type VII protein secretion system. [PMID:17922044, PMID:19876390]


Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + fumarate = alpha-iminosuccinate + succinate. [PMID:20149100]


cell migration involved in wound healing epiboly

The migration of a cell along or through a wound gap that contributes to the reestablishment of a continuous surface. [GOC:jl]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptin stimulus. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. It plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism. [GOC:yaf]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptin stimulus. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. It plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism]. [GOC:yaf]


ER quality control compartment
ER-derived quality control compartment
ERQC

endoplasmic reticulum quality control compartment

A subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum in which proteins with improper or incorrect folding accumulate. Enzymes in this compartment direct proteins with major folding problems to translocation to the cytosol and degradation, and proteins with minor folding problems to the ER, to interact with chaperon proteins. [PMID:11408579]


retinoic acid-responsive element binding

Binding to a retinoic acid-responsive element, a variable direct repeat of the sequence PuGGTCA spaced by five nucleotides (DR5) found in the promoters of retinoic acid-responsive genes, to which retinoic acid receptors bind. [GOC:jl, GOC:vw, GOC:yaf, PMID:11327309, PMID:19917671]


Part of the dendritic spine that connects the dendritic shaft to the head of the dendritic spine. [GOC:nln]


Distal part of the dendritic spine, that carries the post-synaptic density. [GOC:BHF, GOC:nln, GOC:rl]


canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in positive regulation of endothelial cell migration

canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of endothelial cell migration

canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of endothelial cell migration

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of endothelial cell migration. [GOC:BHF, GOC:jl]


canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion

canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion

canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion

canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of cell to cell adhesion. [GOC:BHF, GOC:jl]


canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of wound healing

canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in positive regulation of wound healing

canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of wound healing

canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of wound healing

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in positive regulation of wound healing. [GOC:BHF, GOC:jl]


The attachment of one cell to another cell via a cadherin, transmembrane proteins having repeating extracellular calcium ion binding domains. [GOC:ha, GOC:hjd, GOC:jl, PMID:10923970]


Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification

Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification

Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification

Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis. [GOC:jl, GOC:yaf]


Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis

Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis

Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the generation and the organization of the digestive tract. [GOC:BHF, GOC:jl]


canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition

canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition

canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition

canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of epithelial cell to mesenchymal cell transition. [GOC:BHF, GOC:jl]


canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation

canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation

canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation

canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in neural crest cell differentiation. [GOC:BHF, GOC:jl]


canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptosis

canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptosis

canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process

canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the negative regulation of apoptotic process. [GOC:BHF, GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]


canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of apoptosis

canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in positive regulation of apoptosis

canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of apoptotic process

canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of apoptotic process

canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of apoptotic process

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of apoptotic process. [GOC:BHF, GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]


canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. [GOC:BHF, GOC:jl]


canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation

canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation

canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation

canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in osteoblast differentiation. [GOC:BHF, GOC:jl]


canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in regulation of cell proliferation

canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in regulation of cell proliferation

canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in regulation of cell proliferation

canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in regulation of cell proliferation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to modulating the rate or frequency of cell proliferation. [GOC:BHF, GOC:jl]


The directed movement of phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore, by a mechanism dependent upon sodium ions. [GOC:BHF, GOC:jl]


pancreatic beta cell proliferation
pancreatic B cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of pancreatic B cells, resulting in the expansion of an pancreatic B cell population. Pancreatic B cell are cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin. [GOC:jl, GOC:yaf]


canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation

canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation

canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in regulation of pancreatic B cell proliferation

canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation

canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in pancreatic beta cell proliferation

canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in regulation of pancreatic B cell proliferation

canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that modulates the rate or frequency of pancreatic B cell proliferation. Pancreatic B cell are cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin. [GOC:jl, GOC:yaf]


cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an fibroblast growth factor stimulus. [GOC:jl, GOC:yaf]


stromal-epithelial cell signalling involved in prostate gland development

stromal-epithelial cell signaling involved in prostate gland development

The process of transferring information from a stromal cell to an epithelial cell where it is received and interpreted, as part of prostate gland development. [GOC:jl, GOC:yaf]


Any apoptotic process in a fibroblast, a connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. [CL:0000057, GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:yaf]


DNA-dependent DNA replication maintenance of fidelity

maintenance of fidelity involved in DNA-dependent DNA replication

DNA-templated DNA replication maintenance of fidelity

A DNA metabolic process that prevents or corrects errors to ensure that DNA is replicated accurately. Errors can be corrected either by intrinsic DNA polymerase proofreading activity or via mismatch repair. [GOC:mah, GOC:vw]


cell-cell signalling involved in cell fate specification


insertion of proteins into mitochondrial membranes during the induction of apoptosis

protein insertion into mitochondrion membrane during induction of apoptosis

protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in induction of apoptosis

protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane during induction of apoptosis


Binding to a (1->3)-beta-D-glucan. [PMID:14707091]


beta-1,3-D-glucan receptor activity
(1->3)-beta-D-glucan receptor activity
(1,3)-beta-D-glucan receptor activity
1,3-beta-D-glucan receptor activity

(1->3)-beta-D-glucan immune receptor activity

Combining with (1->3)-beta-D-glucans to initiate an innate immune response. [PMID:14707091]


negative regulation of B-1 B cell development


positive regulation of B-1 B cell development


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction involved in baroreceptor response to decreased systemic arterial blood pressure

Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as part of the baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure. [ISBN:0721643949]


secretion of vasopressin involved in fast regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The regulated release of the hormone vasopressin into the blood stream by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland contributing to fast regulation of blood pressure. [ISBN:0721643949]


negative regulation of B cell development


positive regulation of B cell development


negative regulation of T cell development


positive regulation of T cell development


regulation of cytotoxic T cell development


negative regulation of cytotoxic T cell development


positive regulation of cytotoxic T cell development


regulation of gamma-delta T cell development


negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell development


positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell development


regulation of regulatory T cell development


negative regulation of regulatory T cell development


positive regulation of regulatory T cell development


negative regulation of lymphocyte development


positive regulation of lymphocyte development


negative regulation of T-helper cell development


positive regulation of T-helper cell development


regulation of T-helper 1 cell development


negative regulation of T-helper 1 cell development


positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell development


regulation of T-helper 2 cell development


negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell development


positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell development


phenol-containing compound anabolism
phenol-containing compound synthesis
phenol-containing compound biosynthesis
phenol-containing compound formation

phenol-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring. [GOC:ai]


A cellular senescence process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to oncogenic stress, such as the activation of the Ras oncogenic family. [GOC:BHF]


The process of removing one or more phosphoric (ester or anhydride) residues from a molecule. [ISBN:0198506732]


down regulation of cytokine production during immune response

down-regulation of cytokine production during immune response

downregulation of cytokine production during immune response

negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production contributing to an immune response. [GOC:add]


negative regulation of superoxide release

negative regulation of superoxide anion generation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of enzymatic generation of superoxide by a cell. [GOC:mah]


positive regulation of superoxide release

positive regulation of superoxide anion generation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enzymatic generation of superoxide by a cell. [GOC:mah]


Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of nickel cations within an organism or cell. [GOC:kmv]


inhibition by virus of host protein function


inhibition by virus of host pattern recognition receptor activity


isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent pathway involved in terpenoid biosynthetic process

isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway involved in terpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate by the mevalonate-independent pathway that contributes to terpenoid biosynthesis. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in isoprenoid biosynthesis and is biosynthesized from pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate via intermediates, including 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate. [GOC:ai]


isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway involved in terpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate by the mevalonate pathway that contributes to terpenoid biosynthesis. This pathway converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) through a series of mevalonate intermediates. [GOC:ai]


down-regulation of apoptosis in bone marrow

negative regulation of bone marrow cell programmed cell death by apoptosis

negative regulation of programmed cell death, bone marrow cells

negative regulation of programmed cell death of bone marrow cells by apoptosis

negative regulation of killing of bone marrow cells

negative regulation of bone marrow cell apoptosis

negative regulation of apoptosis in bone marrow

downregulation of apoptosis in bone marrow

down regulation of apoptosis in bone marrow

negative regulation of apoptotic process in bone marrow cell

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in the bone marrow. [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:yaf, PMID:17063141]


Cell regulatory signaling system that controls progression through S PHASE and stabilizes the replication forks during conditions that could affect the fidelity of DNA REPLICATION, such as DNA DAMAGE or depletion of nucleotide pools.


Type of cell division of stem cells resulting in one daughter cell identical to the original stem cell and another non-stem daughter cell. This type of cell differentiation is achieved by asymmetrical segregation of cell fate determinants (see CELL POLARITY) and orientation of the MITOTIC SPINDLE in the context of intrinsic and extrinsic cues (STEM CELL NICHE).


A degradation process whereby incorrectly folded proteins are selectively transported out of the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and into the CYTOSOL. The misfolded proteins are subsequently ubiquitinated and degraded by the PROTEASOME.


anterior/posterior pattern specification, imaginal disc

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the imaginal disc. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that rapidly develop into adult appendages during metamorphosis from larval to adult form. [GOC:bf, ISBN:0879694238]


commitment to apoptosis
activation of apoptosis

OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete). [GOC:go_curators]


positive regulation of myeloid cell apoptosis

positive regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid cell apoptotic process. [GOC:add, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]


phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 4-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+). [PMID:9211928, PMID:9367159, PMID:9660759, RHEA:63688]


positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in mammary gland involution

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process of mammary epithelial cells during mammary gland involution. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, PMID:15282149]


An nuclear membrane protein complex having arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activity. [PMID:19075240]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein in the cytoplasm. This is a ribosome-mediated process in which the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein. [GOC:hjd]


The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis in the cytoplasm. [GOC:hjd]


The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein in the cytoplasm. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA or circRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA. [GOC:hjd]


The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome in the cytoplasm, usually in response to a termination codon. [GOC:hjd]


A protein complex having creatine kinase activity. [GOC:hjd]


cytosolic creatine kinase complex location

A dimeric protein complex having creatine kinase activity. [PMID:173175]


mitochondrial creatine kinase complex location

An octomeric protein complex having creatine kinase activity. [PMID:16236486]


A gene-specific translational control mechanism where the small ribosomal subunit remains attached to the mRNA following termination of translation, then resumes scanning on the same mRNA molecule and initiates again at a downstream start site. Reinitiation depends on de novo recruitment of the ternary complex that is required to recognize the next AUG codon. [PMID:18056426, PMID:18765792]


ribose phosphate diphosphokinase complex location

phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase complex location

A protein complex having ribose phosphate diphosphokinase activity. [GO:hjd, PMID:9348095]


The process where translation initiation recruits the 40S ribosomal subunits in a Cap and 5' end independent fashion before an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate mRNA or circRNA translation. [PMID:17284590]


The process where the cap structure, composed of a 7- methylguanosine (m7G) group and associated cap-binding proteins, located at the 5' end of an mRNA molecule, which serves as a molecular tag that marks the spot where the 40S ribosomal subunit, is recruited and will then scan in a 5' to 3' direction until an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate mRNA translation. [PMID:17284590, PMID:19604130]


IRES-dependent translational initiation of linear mRNA

The process where translation initiation recruits the 40S ribosomal subunits via an internal ribosome entry segment (IRES) before an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate linear mRNA translation. [PMID:17284590]


A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch1 (ICN1), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-1 (MAML1); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling. [CORUM:2949, PMID:16510869]


The orderly movement of a hepatocyte during the development of the liver. Hepatocytes emerge from the hepatic epithelium, populating the septum transversum and lateral mesenchymal areas of the hepatic lobes. [CL:0000182, PMID:9794819]


The chemical reactions and pathways involved in the biosynthesis of 2-methylthio-N-6-(cis-hydroxy)isopentenyl adenosine (ms2io6A), a modified nucleoside present in position 37 (adjacent to and 3' of the anticodon) of tRNAs. [UniPathway:UPA00729]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ser-tRNA(Ala). [GOC:hjd, PMID:21285375]


A homodimeric protein complex having xanthine dehydrogenase activity. [GOC:hjd, PMID:8224915]


all-trans-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase, all-trans-retinol forming activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinyl palmitate + H2O = all-trans-retinol + H+ + palmitate. [RHEA:13933]


ADP-dependent propionyl coenzyme A hydrolase activity


ADP-dependent propionyl-CoA hydrolase activity


cibarial fish-trap bristle morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a cibarial fish-trap bristle are generated and organized. A cibarial fish-trap bristle is a sensory bristle on the anterior plate of the cibarium. [FBbt:00004136, GOC:rc]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cibarial fish-trap bristle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cibarial fish-trap bristle is a sensory bristle on the anterior plate of the cibarium. [FBbt:00004136, GOC:rc]


cell growth mode switching, bipolar to monopolar

The process in which a cell switches from bipolar cell growth to monopolar cell growth. [GOC:ai]


brain nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process


endothelial nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process


inducible nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process


nitric-oxide synthase-1 biosynthetic process


nitric-oxide synthase-3 biosynthetic process


up-regulation of arginine biosynthetic process

up regulation of arginine biosynthetic process

upregulation of arginine biosynthetic process

positive regulation of arginine anabolism

positive regulation of arginine formation

positive regulation of arginine biosynthesis

positive regulation of arginine synthesis

positive regulation of arginine biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of arginine biosynthetic process. [GOC:dgf, GOC:TermGenie]


induction by organism of programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction


modulation by symbiont of host apoptosis


positive regulation by symbiont of host apoptosis


immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signalling pathway involved in phagocytosis

phagocytosis triggered by activation of immune response cell surface activating receptor

immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis

An immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway that contributes to the endocytic engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes. [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:add, GOC:bf, ISBN:0781735149]


serotonin release involved in inflammatory response


tRNA wobble base 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine biosynthesis

tRNA wobble base 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridinylation

The process whereby a wobble base uridine residue in a tRNA is modified to 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine. [GOC:hjd, UniPathway:UPA00988]


The chemical reactions and pathways involved in the biosynthesis of archaeosine, an archaea-specific modified base found at position 15 in the D-loop of certain archaeal tRNAs. [GOC:hjd, UniPathway:UPA00393]


meta-coactivator complex location
meta-coactivator complex
MECO complex location

A highly stable complex composed of the ATAC complex and the mediator complex (also called TRAP or MED). MECO binds and regulates the transcription of a subset of non-coding RNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase II. [GOC:hjd, PMID:20508642]


apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries. [GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:mtg_heart]


apoptotic process involved in heart morphogenesis

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the heart. [GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:mtg_heart]


apoptosis involved in atrial ventricular junction remodeling


transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding

RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity

sequence-specific distal enhancer binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity


Catalysis of the reaction: jasmonoyl-isoleucine + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 12-hydroxy-jasmonoyl-isoleucine + NADP+ + H2O. [MetaCyc:RXN-12421, PMID:21576464]


cellular glucuronide biosynthetic process

cellular glucuronoside biosynthetic process

The modification of an organic chemical by the conjugation of glucuronic acid. The substances resulting from glucuronidation are known as glucuronosides (or glucuronides) and are often much more water-soluble than the non-glucuronic acid-containing precursor. [GOC:BHF]


flavonoid glucuronoside biosynthetic process

flavonoid glucuronide biosynthetic process

The modification of a flavonoid by the conjugation of glucuronic acid. The resultant flavonoid glucuronosides are often much more water-soluble than the precursor. [GOC:BHF, PMID:20056724]


The modification of a xenobiotic substance by the conjugation of glucuronic acid. The resultant glucuronosides are often much more water-soluble than the xenobiotic precursor, enabling efficient excretion. [GOC:BHF, PMID:20056724]


2-mercaptoergothioneine trimethylbetaine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ergothioneine, a naturally occurring metabolite of histidine with antioxidant properties. [Wikipedia:Ergothioneine]


2-mercaptoergothioneine trimethylbetaine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergothioneine, a naturally occurring metabolite of histidine with antioxidant properties. [Wikipedia:Ergothioneine]


2-mercaptoergothioneine trimethylbetaine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ergothioneine, a naturally occurring metabolite of histidine with antioxidant properties. [Wikipedia:Ergothioneine]


cellular histidine derivative metabolism

cellular histidine derivative metabolic process

cellular modified histidine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds derived from histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid. [GOC:ai]


cellular histidine derivative degradation

cellular histidine derivative catabolism

cellular histidine derivative catabolic process

cellular modified histidine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds derived from histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid. [GOC:ai]


cellular histidine derivative biosynthesis

cellular histidine derivative biosynthetic process

cellular modified histidine biosynthesis

cellular modified histidine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds derived from histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid. [GOC:ai]


ergothioneine biosynthesis from histidine via N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-alpha-methyl-L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-alpha,N-alpha-dimethyl-L-histidine. [EC:2.1.1.44]


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine. [EC:2.1.1.44]


histidine betaine biosynthesis from histidine

histidine catabolic process to hercynine

histidine catabolism to N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine

N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine biosynthesis from histidine

The pathway resulting in the formation of N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine from histidine. Histidine undergoes three methylations by a histidine-alpha-N-methyltransferase (EC:2.1.1.44) to form N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine (also known as hercynine or histidine betaine). [EC:2.1.1.44]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine, also known as histidine betaine or hercynine, a trimethylated derivative of histidine. [GOC:curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine, also known as histidine betaine or hercynine, a trimethylated derivative of histidine. [GOC:curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine, also known as histidine betaine or hercynine, a trimethylated derivative of histidine. [GOC:curators]


inositol phosphosphingolipid phospholipase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: inositol phosphosphingolipid + H2O = sphingolipid + phosphorylinositol. [GOC:ai]


inositol phosphorylceramide phospholipase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: inositol phosphorylceramide + H2O = C26-phytoceramide + phosphorylinositol. [GOC:ai]


mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide phospholipase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide + H2O = C26-phytoceramide + mannosylphosphorylinositol. [GOC:ai]


mannosyl-diinositol phosphorylceramide phospholipase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: mannosyl-diinositol phosphorylceramide + H2O = C26-phytoceramide + mannosyldiphosphorylinositol. [GOC:ai]


tRNA-specific adenosine-34 deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine-34 + H2O = inosine-34 + NH3, in a tRNA-Ala molecule. [PMID:17875641]


tRNA-specific adenosine-34 deaminase complex location

A protein complex that possesses tRNA-specific adenosine-34 deaminase activity. In eukaryotes the complex is a heterodimer; the subunits are known as Tad2p and Tad3p in yeasts and Adat2 and Adat3 in human. [PMID:17875641]


abasic endoribonuclease activity
AP endoribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages immediately 5' to an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP; also called abasic) site within a ribonucleic acid molecule by creating internal breaks, generating a single-strand break with 5'-ribose phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl ends. [PMID:19401441]


class II DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase activity

class II DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages immediately 5' to an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP; also called abasic) site within a deoxyribonucleic acid molecule by creating internal breaks, generating a single-strand break with 5'-deoxyribose phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl ends. [PMID:19401441]


regulation of AP endodeoxyribonuclease activity

regulation of abasic endodeoxyribonuclease activity

regulation of apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages immediately 5' to an AP (also called abasic) site within a deoxyribonucleic acid molecule by creating internal breaks, generating a single-strand break with 5'-deoxyribose phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl ends. [PMID:19401441]


regulation of apurinic endodeoxyribonuclease activity


regulation of apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease activity


fatty acid in-chain hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: fatty acid + O2 + 2 NADPH + H+ = fatty acid with in-chain hydroxy group + 2 NADP+ + H2O. [MetaCyc:RXN-12186]


inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 1-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (2,3,4,5,6)pentakisphosphate. [GOC:jp, PMID:18981179, RHEA:37459]


inositol hexakisphosphate 3-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 3-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,4,5,6)pentakisphosphate. [GOC:jp, PMID:18981179]


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine. [EC:2.1.1.157]


SDMT
sarcosine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine. [EC:2.1.1.157]


quinate 3-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: quinate + NADP+ = 3-dehydroquinate + NADPH + H+. [RHEA:18425]


shikimate 3-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: shikimate + NAD+ = 3-dehydroshikimate + NADH + H+. [RHEA:17741]


transfer ribonucleate cytosine 3-methyltransferase activity

tRNA cytosine 3-methyltransferase activity

tRNA (cytosine 3)-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 3-methylcytosine. [PMID:21518804, PMID:21518805]


pyruvate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a ubiquinone + H2O + pyruvate = a ubiquinol + acetate + CO2. [EC:1.2.5.1]


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, with a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or similar compound. [EC:1.2.5.-]


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylserine + H2O = 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine + fatty acid. [KEGG_REACTION:R04034]


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-2-lysophosphatidylserine + H2O = sn-glycerol-phosphoserine + a carboxylate. [BRENDA:3.1.1.32]


inositol tetrakisphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol trisphosphate + phosphate. [GOC:ai]


phosphatidylinositol monophosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol monophosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol + phosphate. [GOC:ai]


The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into inositol. Inositol is the cyclic alcohol 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, which is widely distributed in nature and acts as a growth factor in animals and microorganisms. [ISBN:0198506732]


Catalysis of the reaction: sinapaldehyde + NADPH + H+ = sinapyl-alcohol + NADP+. [GOC:mengo_curators, MetaCyc:RXN-1125]


Catalysis of the reaction: baicalin + H2O = baicalein + D-glucuronate. [GOC:mengo_curators, RHEA:28130]


coenzyme F420-dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (coenzyme F420) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate + coenzyme F420 + H+ = 6-O-phosphono-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + reduced coenzyme F420. [EC:1.1.98.2, GOC:mengo_curators, RHEA:27294]


Catalysis of the reaction: reactive black 5 + hydrogen peroxide = oxidized reactive black 5 + 2 H2O. [KEGG_REACTION:R07612, MetaCyc:RXN-8666]


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-mannose + H2O = GMP + mannose-1-phosphate. [PMID:16766526]


coenzyme F420-dependent heterodisulfide oxidoreductase activity

reduced coenzyme F420:heterodisulfide oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced coenzyme F420 + CoB-S-S-CoM = coenzyme F420 + CoM-SH + CoB-SH. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:9914308]


isopropanol:coenzyme F420 oxidoreductase activity

F420-dependent propan-2-ol dehydrogenase activity

propan-2-ol:coenzyme F420 oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: propan-2-ol + coenzyme F420 = acetone + reduced coenzyme F420. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:15016352, PMID:1879431, PMID:8706724]


F420-dependent secondary alcohol dehydrogenase activity


GTP:coenzyme F420 guanylyltransferase activity

GTP:coenzyme F420 guanyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + factor gamma-F420-2 + H+ = coenzyme F390-G + diphosphate. [GOC:mengo_curators, MetaCyc:MONOMER-13942, MetaCyc:RXN-9385]


F420H2-dependent quinone oxidoreductase activity

reduced coenzyme F420:quinone oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced coenzyme F420 + 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone = coenzyme F420 + reduced 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. Reduced 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone is also known as 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-hydronaphthoquinone. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:10971593, PMID:8055920]


Catalysis of the reaction: chitobiose + phosphate = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate. This reaction is the phosphorolysis of chitobiose, (GlcNAc)2, a dimer of beta-(1->4) linked glucosamine units. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:15274915, Wikipedia:chitobiose]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of hexosaminic linkages in chondroitin, a linear polymer structure composed of the repeating disaccharide unit [->4)-D-glucuronic acid-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-(1-], also written as [->4GlcUA1->3GalNAc1-]. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:18390555]


coenzyme F420-dependent 2,4,6-trinitrophenol hydride transferase activity

coenzyme F420-dependent 2,4,6-trinitrophenol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,6-trinitrophenol + H- = 2,4,6-trinitrophenol hydride Meisenheimer complex. Coenzyme F420 supplies the hydride (H-) in the reaction. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:11995829, UM-BBD_reactionID:r1065]


coenzyme F420-dependent 2,4,6-trinitrophenol-hydride-Meisenheimer-complex hydride transferase activity

coenzyme F420-dependent 2,4,6-trinitrophenol hydride reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trinitrophenol hydride Meisenheimer complex + H- = trinitrophenol dihydride Meisenheimer complex (aci form). Coenzyme F420 supplies the hydride (H-) in the reaction. [GOC:mengo_curators, UM-BBD_reactionID:r1066]


coenzyme F420-dependent 2,4-dinitrophenol hydride transferase activity

coenzyme F420-dependent 2,4-dinitrophenol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dinitrophenol + H- = 2,4-dinitrophenol hydride Meisenheimer complex. Coenzyme F420 supplies the hydride (H-) in the reaction. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:11995829, UM-BBD_reactionID:r1071]


Catalysis of the reaction: [beta-(1->4)-D-glucosamine]n-[N-acetyl-D-glucosamine]m = D-glucosamine + [beta-(1->4)-D-glucosamine](n-1)-[N-acetyl-D-glucosamine]m. This reaction is the hydrolysis of chitosan or chitosan oligosaccharides to remove a D-glucosamine residue from the non-reducing termini; chitosan is a linear polysaccharide composed of randomly distributed beta-(1->4)-linked D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units. [EC:3.2.1.165, GOC:mengo_curators, MetaCyc:3.2.1.165-RXN]


Catalysis of the reaction: gellan = n beta-D-4-deoxy-delta4,5-GlcAp-(1->4)-beta-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1->3)-beta-D-Glcp. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyluronate bonds of gellan backbone, releasing tetrasaccharides containing a 4-deoxy-4,5-unsaturated D-glucopyranosyluronic acid at the non-reducing end; in the product, the abbreviations are D-glucose (Glc), D-glucuronic acid (GlcA), and L-rhamnose (Rha). [GOC:mengo_curators, MetaCyc:RXN-12269]


Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond in ulvan, a carbohydrate composed of a repeating structure of [->4)-beta-D-GlcA-(1,4)-alpha-L-Rha 3S-(1->4)-alpha-L-IdoA-(1->4)-alpha-L-Rha 3S-(1-]n. Continued digest of ulvan with an enzyme that can catalyze this reaction results in ulvanobiouronic acid A 3-sulfate [->4)-beta-D-GlcpA-(1->4)-alpha-L-Rhap 3-sulfate-(1-]n with 4-deoxy-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranosiduronic acid at the non-reducing end. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:9468631]


Catalysis of the cleavage of glycosidic bonds through a beta-elimination reaction on alginate, a linear polysaccharide consisting of guluronate (G) and mannuronate (M) as the monomer constituents. An oligoalginate is a linear polymer of two, three or four units of (1->4)-alpha-L-guluronic acid and beta-D-mannuronic acid, releasing monosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl groups at their ends. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:20925655]


F420H2:oxygen oxidoreductase activity
coenzyme F420H2 oxidase activity
F420H2 oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 reduced coenzyme F420 + O2 = 2 coenzyme F420 + 2 H2O. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:15340796]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the alpha-(1->4) linkage of the terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-mannose residues in alpha-D-mannosides. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:20081828]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the alpha-(1->6) bonds of alpha-D-mannose residues in mannosyl-oligosaccharide. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:1849817, PMID:2338081]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the alpha-(1->3) bonds of alpha-D-mannose residues in mannosyl-oligosaccharide. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:1849817, PMID:2338081]


Catalysis of the glycosidic cleavage of the terminal 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside 6-sulfate (6-SO3-GlcNAc) residue from sulfomucin, a sulfated mucin derivative. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:15716424]


8-hydroxyadenylylated-coenzyme F420 hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme F390-A = AMP + coenzyme F420. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:8536708, PMID:9352911]


8-hydroxyguanylylated-coenzyme F420 hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme F390-G = GMP + coenzyme F420. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:8536708, PMID:9352911]


brefeldin A hydrolase activity
BFA esterase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of brefeldin A to produce brefeldin A acid. Brefeldin A is also known as gamma,4-dihydroxy-2-(6-hydroxy-1-heptenyl)-4-cyclopentanecrotonic acid lambda-lactone. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:10201402, PMID:8106385]


N,N'-diacetylchitobiose deacetylase (nonreducing end)

Catalysis of the reaction: N,N'-diacetylchitobiose (GlcNac2) + H2O = acetate + 2-acetamido-4-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-D-glucose (GlcN-GlcNAc). [GOC:bf, GOC:mengo_curators, MetaCyc:RXN-12543, PMID:15136574, PMID:16232910, PMID:16736587]


Catalysis of the reaction: glucosyl-N-acetylglucosamine + H2O = glucosamine + N-acetylglucosamine. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:15136574, PMID:16232910, PMID:16736587]


Catalysis of the reaction: R1-L-rhamnose-(1->3)-alpha-L-rhamnose-R2 + H2O = R1-L-rhamnose + L-rhamnose-R2. This reaction is the hydrolysis of an alpha-(1->3) linkage between two rhamnose residues in a polysaccharide chain. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:10439404]


diacetylchitobiose catabolic process to glucosamine and acetate

The pathway resulting in the breakdown of diacetylchitobiose into simpler products, including glucosamine and glucosamine. The catabolism proceeds by the deacetylation of diacetylchitobiose, producing acetate and GlcN-GlcNAc; the latter is cleaved to produce glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). The N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is then deacetylated to produce glucosamine (GlcN) and acetate. [GOC:bf, GOC:mengo_curators, MetaCyc:PWY-6855, PMID:15136574, PMID:16232910, PMID:16736587]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diacetylchitobiose into simpler products. [PMID:22797760]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving diacetylchitobiose, the N,N'-diacetylated derivative of chitobiose. [PMID:22797760]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving any amino disaccharide, a disaccharide having one or more substituted or unsubstituted amino groups in place of hydroxy groups at unspecified positions. [GOC:curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving chitobioses, a family of compounds derived from chitin and based on the structure of D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-D-glucosamine. [GOC:curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any chitobiose, a family of compounds derived from chitin and based on the structure of D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-D-glucosamine. [GOC:curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any amino disaccharide, a disaccharide having one or more substituted or unsubstituted amino groups in place of hydroxy groups at unspecified positions. [GOC:curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving reuteran, a soluble glucan polymer with mainly alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkages and significant amounts of alpha-(1->6) and alpha-(1->4,6) glucosidic linkages. [PMID:15256553, PMID:16000808]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of reuteran, a soluble glucan polymer with mainly alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkages and significant amounts of alpha-(1->6) and alpha-(1->4,6) glucosidic linkages. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:15256553, PMID:16000808]


cellulose catabolism by endo-processive cellulases

The breakdown into simpler components of cellulose. Catabolism is initiated by endohydrolytic attacks on the cellulose chain, and the resulting pieces are further degraded by cellulase enzymes to produce smaller and smaller fragments. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:18035374]


alpha-amylase-mediated polysaccharide catabolism, producing maltotriose

alpha-linked polysaccharide catabolism to maltotriose

The breakdown of large alpha-linked polysaccharides by hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages to yield maltotriose. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:7511484, PMID:9406414]


alpha-amylase-mediated polysaccharide catabolism, producing maltopentaose

alpha-linked polysaccharide catabolism to maltopentaose

The breakdown of large alpha-linked polysaccharides by hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages to yield maltopentaose. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:7511484, PMID:9406414]


d-4,5 unsaturated beta-glucuronyl hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond in an unsaturated saccharide between the unsaturated glucuronyl residue at the nonreducing terminus and the saccharide linked to the residue. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:12729728]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->3)-beta-D-mannosidic linkages in mannans, releasing mannose. [EC:3.2.1.78, GOC:mengo_curators]


Catalysis of the reaction: chitooligosaccharide with N-acetylglucosamine at nonreducing terminal + H2O = chitooligosaccharide with glucosamine at nonreducing terminal + acetate. This reaction is the deacetylation of a chitooligosaccharide at the nonreducing N-acetylglucosamine residue; chitooligosaccharide are composed of (1->4)-linked D-glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) in varying proportions. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:8421697, PMID:8986807]


2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid sialidase activity

3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulosonic acid hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid)n + H2O = (2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid)n-1 + 2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid. This reaction is the hydrolysis of a 2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid residue from a poly-2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid chain. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:21247893]


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of xylogalacturonate by cleavage of the alpha-(1,4)-linkage. Xylogalacturonate (XGA) is composed of a chain of alpha-(1,4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues with beta-D-xylose substituted at the O3 position. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:10618200]


Catalysis of the reaction: pectin + H2O = pectate + acetate. This reaction is the hydrolysis of acetyl esters of pectin, producing pectate, partially esterified pectin. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:9218776]


exo-alpha-2,3-sialidase activity
exo-alpha-(2,3)-sialidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(2->3)-glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic residues in substrates. [EC:3.2.1.18, GOC:mengo_curators]


exo-alpha-(2,6)-sialidase activity
exo-alpha-2,6-sialidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(2->6)-glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic residues in substrates. [EC:3.2.1.18, GOC:mengo_curators]


exo-alpha-2,8-sialidase activity
exo-alpha-(2,8)-sialidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(2->8)-glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic residues in substrates. [EC:3.2.1.18, GOC:mengo_curators]


Catalysis of the reaction: [X]-4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid + H2O = [X]-OH + methyl-D-glucuronic acid. This reaction is the hydrolysis of the ester linkage between 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid (MeGlcA) and an alcohol (-OH) group attached to a molecule, denoted here as [X]. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:16876163]


coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole reduction

coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole breakdown

coenzyme F420-dependent nitroimidazole catabolism

coenzyme F420-dependent bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process

The breakdown of a bicyclic nitroimidazole into simpler components in a process that requires coenzyme F420 and produces reactive nitrogen species. Hydride, from reduced coenzyme F420, is added to the bicyclic nitroimidazole, resulting in unstable substances that break down to form three stable products. The elimination of nitrous acid produces the corresponding des-nitroimidazole; hydrolysis produces a related compound; and further reduction creates an aromatic hydroxylamine metabolite that degrades further. These reactions release hyponitrous acid and nitrous acid, which is unstable and disproportionates into nitric oxide (NO) and other reactive nitrogen intermediates. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:16387854, PMID:19039139]


coenzyme F420-dependent nitroreductase activity


bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolism
bicyclic nitroimidazole degradation
bicyclic nitroimidazole breakdown

bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a bicyclic nitroimidazole. [PMID:16387854, PMID:19039139]


bicyclic nitroimidazole metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving bicyclic nitroimidazoles, imidazole derivatives with two rings and a nitro group attached to one ring. [PMID:16387854, PMID:19039139]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitroimidazoles, imidazole derivatives with a nitro group attached to one ring. [PMID:16387854, PMID:19039139]


imidazole-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving imidazoles, five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, or any of its derivatives; compounds containing an imidazole skeleton. [GOC:curators]


nitroimidazole breakdown
nitroimidazole catabolism
nitroimidazole degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitroimidazoles, imidazole derivatives with a nitro group attached to one ring. [PMID:16387854, PMID:19039139]


imidazole catabolism
imidazole degradation
imidazole breakdown

imidazole-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of imidazoles, five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, or any of its derivatives; compounds containing an imidazole skeleton. [GOC:curators]


hydrogen-sulfide:coenzyme F420 oxidoreductase activity

sulfite:reduced coenzyme F420 reductase activity

coenzyme F420-dependent sulfite reductase activity

coenzyme F420-sulfite reductase activity

sulfite reductase (coenzyme F420) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sulfite + 3 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 = hydrogen sulfide + 3 H2O + 3 coenzyme F420. 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 is also known as reduced coenzyme F420. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:16048999]