high affinity secondary active ammonium transmembrane transporter activity

high-affinity secondary active ammonium transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ammonium from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations. [GOC:mtg_transport]


primary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient, by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is powered by a primary energy source, directly using ATP. Primary energy sources known to be coupled to transport are chemical, electrical and solar sources. [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729, TC:3.-.-.-.-]


low affinity secondary active ammonium transmembrane transporter activity

low-affinity secondary active ammonium transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ammonium from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations. [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729]


low affinity ammonium transmembrane transporter activity


magnesium-translocating P-type ATPase activity


melibiose:monovalent cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: melibiose(out) + monovalent cation(out) = melibiose(in) + monovalent cation(in). [TC:2.A.2.1.1]


glucuronide:monovalent cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucuronide(out) + monovalent cation(out) = glucuronide(in) + monovalent cation(in). [TC:2.A.2.3.1]


putrescine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of putrescine from one side of a membrane to the other. Putrescine is 1,4-diaminobutane, the polyamine formed by decarboxylation of ornithine and the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine. [GOC:ai]


cadaverine transmembrane transporter activity


cytosine:hydrogen ion symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: cytosine(out) + H+(out) = cytosine(in) + H+(in). [TC:2.A.39.1.1]


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: uracil(out) + cation(out) = uracil(in) + cation(in). [GOC:mtg_transport]


xanthosine:hydrogen ion symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: xanthosine(out) + H+(out) = xanthosine(in) + H+(in). [TC:2.A.1.10.2]


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: hexuronate(out) + cation(out) = hexuronate(in) + cation(in). The hexuronate may be glucuronate or galacturonate. [TC:2.A.1.14.2]


3-hydroxyphenyl propionate:hydrogen ion symporter activity

3-hydroxyphenyl propionate:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: 3-hydroxyphenyl propionate(out) + H+(out) = 3-hydroxyphenyl propionate(in) + H+(in). [TC:2.A.1.15.2]


Enables the transfer of phenyl propionate from one side of a membrane to the other. [GOC:mtg_transport, TC:2.A.1.27.1]


tartrate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of tartrate from one side of a membrane to the other. Tartrate is the anion of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, one of the aldaric acids. The L(+) enantiomer occurs widely in plants, especially in grape juice, and in fungi and bacteria. [GOC:ai]


C4-dicarboxylate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of C4-dicarboxylate from one side of a membrane to the other. [GOC:krc]


D-GlcNAc transmembrane transporter activity

N-acetyl-D-glucosamine transmembrane transporter activity

N-acetylchitosamine transmembrane transporter activity

N-acetylglucosamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from one side of a membrane to the other. The D isomer of N-acetylglucosamine is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide group of a glycoprotein. [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729]


methylgalactoside transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of methylgalactoside from one side of a membrane to the other. Methylgalactoside is a compound in which the H of the OH group on carbon-1 of galactose is replaced by a methyl group. [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729]


allose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of allose from one side of a membrane to the other. Allose is an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3. [GOC:ai, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729]


iron chelate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an iron chelate from one side of a membrane to the other. An iron chelate is a heterocyclic compound having a metal ion attached by coordinate bonds to at least two nonmetal ions. [PMID:17660286]


spermidine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, from one side of a membrane to the other. [GOC:ai]


ferric-enterobactin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ferric-enterobactin from one side of a membrane to the other. [GOC:ai]


ferric-hydroxamate transmembrane transporter activity


L-diaminopimelate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-diaminopimelate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-diaminopimelate is the L-enantiomer anion of 2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:0815340729]


general secretion pathway-associated complex location


type II protein secretion system complex location

A large protein complex, containing 12-15 subunits, that spans the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria and mediates the movement of proteins into the extracellular environment. The complex includes a component in the cytoplasm, an inner membrane subcomplex that reaches into the periplasmic compartment and a secretion pore in the outer membrane. Proteins using the Type II pathway are transported across the cytoplasmic membrane by the Sec or Tat complex. [PMID:16448494]


Sec-dependent secretion system-associated complex location


ATP-dependent zinc transmembrane transporter activity

ATPase-coupled zinc transmembrane transporter activity


fatty acyl-coenzyme A synthetase activity

Catalysis of the ligation of a fatty acid to an acceptor, coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP. [GOC:cjk, GOC:mah]


nicotinamide ribonucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

nicotinamide mononucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of nicotinamide mononucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Nicotinamide mononucleotide is a ribonucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-n-glycosidic linkage with the c-1 position of d-ribose. It is a constituent of NAD and NADP. [ISBN:0721662544]


alcohol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an alcohol from one side of a membrane to the other. An alcohol is any carbon compound that contains a hydroxyl group. [ISBN:0198506732]


The directed movement of bile acid and bile salts into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:dph, GOC:krc, PMID:12663868, PMID:14699511]


nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transmembrane transporter activity


rhodopsin mediated signalling pathway
rhodopsin signaling
rhodopsin mediated phototransduction

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by the excitation of rhodopsin by a photon, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. [GOC:bf, GOC:dph, GOC:hb, GOC:signaling, GOC:tb]


MB-COMT (membrane-bound form of catechol-O-methyltransferase)


kynurenine aminotransferase activity
L-kynurenine transaminase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from kynurenine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid. [EC:2.6.1.-, GOC:pde]


type I phosphatidylinositol kinase activity


type III phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity


phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate kinase activity


inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase type II activity


peptide-methionine (R)-S-oxide reductase activity

methionine S-oxide reductase (R-form oxidizing) activity

peptide-methionine:thioredoxin-disulfide S-oxidoreductase [methionine (R)-S-oxide-forming] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peptide-L-methionine + H(2)O + thioredoxin disulfide = peptide-L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + thioredoxin. Can act on oxidized methionine in peptide linkage with specificity for the R enantiomer. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin. [EC:1.8.4.12, GOC:mah, GOC:vw, RHEA:24164]


7alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (12alpha-hydroxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one + H(+) + NADPH + O(2) = 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one + H(2)O + NADP(+). [PMID:10051404, PMID:1400444, RHEA:46752]


Catalysis of the reactions: taurochenodeoxycholate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = taurohyocholate + NADP+ + H2O, and lithocholate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = hyodeoxycholate + NADP+ + H2O. [RHEA:23644]

taurochenodeoxycholate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (6alpha-hydroxylating) activity


N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-1-phosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acetyl-D-galactosamine = ADP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate. [EC:2.7.1.157]


ATP:Fas-activated serine/threonine protein phosphotransferase activity

Fas-activated serine/threonine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + Fas-activated serine/threonine protein = ADP + Fas-activated serine/threonine phosphoprotein. [EC:2.7.11.8]


HSL
diacylglycerol acylhydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: diacylglycerol + H2O = monoacylglycerol + a carboxylate; triacylglycerol + H2O = diacylglycerol + a carboxylate; and monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a carboxylate. [EC:3.1.1.79]


Catalysis of the reaction: (polyphosphate)n + AMP = (polyphosphate)n-1 + ADP. [PMID:11237733]


succinyl ornithine transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(2)-succinyl-L-ornithine = N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate. [EC:2.6.1.81, RHEA:16953]


tRNA-specific adenosine-37 deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine-37 + H2O = inosine-37 + NH3, in a tRNA-Ala molecule. [PMID:8915538, PMID:9707437]


Catalysis of the reaction: tryptophan + O2 = N-formylkynurenine. The product of the reaction depends on the substrate; D-tryptophan produces N-formyl-D-kynurenine, and L-tryptophan produces N-formyl-L-kynurenine. [EC:1.13.11.52]


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + ceramide = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + sphingomyelin. [EC:2.7.8.27, RHEA:18765]


CO-methylating acetyl-CoA synthase activity

acetyl-CoA:corrinoid protein O-acetyltransferase activity

CO-methylating acetyl-coenzyme A synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + corrinoid protein = CO + methylcorrinoid protein + CoA. [EC:2.3.1.169, PMID:1748656]


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate = ADP + 1D-myo-inositol bisdiphosphate tetrakisphosphate. [EC:2.7.4.24]


(+)-(10R)-germacrene A synthase activity

2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (germacrene-A-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-(R)-germacrene A + diphosphate. [EC:4.2.3.23, RHEA:12516]

2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [(+)-germacrene-A-forming] activity


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + kanamycin B = N(6')-acetylkanamycin B + CoA + H(+). This is acetylation of the 6'-amino group of the 6-deoxy-6-aminoglucose ring. [EC:2.3.1.82, RHEA:16449]


formate C-acetyltransferase-glycine dihydroflavodoxin:S-adenosyl-L-methionine oxidoreductase (S-adenosyl-L-methionine cleaving)

[pyruvate formate-lyase]-activating enzyme activity

formate acetyltransferase-glycine dihydroflavodoxin:S-adenosyl-L-methionine oxidoreductase (S-adenosyl-L-methionine cleaving) activity

formate acetyltransferase activating enzyme activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dihydroflavodoxin + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycine = 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + flavodoxin semiquinone + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycin-2-yl radical. [EC:1.97.1.4, GOC:jl, PMID:18307109]

PFL-glycine:S-adenosyl-L-methionine H transferase (flavodoxin-oxidizing, S-adenosyl-L-methionine-cleaving) activity


Catalysis of the reaction: trimethylamine + a trimethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated trimethylamine corrinoid protein + dimethylamine. [PMID:9006042]


Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylamine + a dimethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated dimethylamine corrinoid protein + methylamine. [PMID:9874228]


[methyl-Co(III) methylamine-specific corrinoid protein]:coenzyme M methyltransferase activity

methylamine-specific methylcobalamin:CoM methyltransferase activity

methylamine-specific methylcobalamin:coenzyme M methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [methyl-Co(III) methylamine-specific corrinoid protein] + coenzyme M = [Co(I) methylamine-specific corrinoid protein] + H+ + methyl-coenzyme M. This reaction is the transfer of the methyl group from the methylated corrinoid cofactor of a methylamine corrinoid protein to coenzyme M. [RHEA:18773]


Catalysis of the reactions: 5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate; (1a) 5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate = 2-hydroxy-5-(methylthio)-3-oxopent-1-enyl phosphate; (1b) 2-hydroxy-5-(methylthio)-3-oxopent-1-enyl phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate. [EC:3.1.3.77, RHEA:21700]


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phosphonopyruvate + H(2)O = phosphate + pyruvate. [EC:3.11.1.3, RHEA:16673]


glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid acylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (7R)-7-(4-carboxybutanamido)cephalosporanate + H2O = (7R)-7-aminocephalosporanate + glutarate. [EC:3.5.1.93]

7beta-(4-carboxybutanamido)cephalosporanic acid acylase activity


A ribosome bound to mRNA that forms part of a polysome. [GOC:jl]


Any cytoplasm that is part of a axon. [GO_REF:0000064, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:18667152]


A membrane that is a (regional) part of the plasma membrane. [GOC:dos]


inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate 6-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + ADP. [GOC:elh]

inositol tetrakisphosphate 6-kinase activity


Extracellular vesicles generated by the shedding of CELL MEMBRANE blebs.


extracellular exosome
extracellular vesicular exosome

A type of extracellular vesicle, containing RNA and proteins, that is secreted into the extracellular space by EXOCYTOSIS when MULTIVESICULAR BODIES fuse with the PLASMA MEMBRANE.


The assembly of the QUATERNARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE of multimeric proteins (MULTIPROTEIN COMPLEXES) from their composite PROTEIN SUBUNITS.


protein trimer assembly
protein trimer formation
protein trimer biosynthetic process
protein trimer biosynthesis

The formation of a protein trimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits. [GOC:hjd]


Small, punctate nuclear structures found in close proximity to COILED BODIES. They are enriched with SMN COMPLEX PROTEINS and may play a role in the processing of SMALL NUCLEAR RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS.


sensory perception of touch
perception of touch
tactile sense
tactition

The series of events required for an organism to receive a touch stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. The perception of touch in animals is mediated by mechanoreceptors in the skin and mucous membranes and is the sense by which contact with objects gives evidence as to certain of their qualities. Different types of touch can be perceived (for example, light, coarse, pressure and tickling) and the stimulus may be external or internal (e.g. the feeling of a full stomach). [GOC:ai]


The deposition of hydroxyapatite, a form of calcium phosphate with the formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, in bone tissue. [GOC:mah, PMID:22936354]


maintenance of oocyte nucleus location involved in oocyte dorsal-ventral axis specification

maintenance of oocyte nucleus location involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis determination

maintenance of oocyte nucleus location involved in oocyte dorsoventral axis specification

maintenance of oocyte nucleus location involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification

Maintenance of the oocyte nucleus in a particular position within the cell during the establishment and maintenance of the axes of the oocyte. An example of this process is found In Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:tb]


oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsal-ventral axis specification

establishment and maintenance of oocyte nucleus localization during oocyte axis determination

oocyte axis determination, oocyte nucleus localization

oocyte nucleus localisation involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification

oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsoventral axis specification

oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis determination

oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification

The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell during the establishment and maintenance of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:tb]


The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac muscle tissue are generated and organized. [GOC:devbiol]


oocyte nucleus migration during oocyte axis specification


nuclear mRNA cis splicing, via U2-type spliceosome

nuclear mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome

The joining together, after removal of an intervening sequence composed of one or more introns, of two segments of the same RNA molecule via spliceosomal catalysis to produce an mRNA composed only of exon sequences that all came from the same primary transcript. [GOC:krc, ISBN:0879695897, PMID:18458335]


positive regulation of flagellum assembly


detection of hypoxic conditions in blood by chemoreceptor signalling

detection of hypoxic conditions in blood by chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about a lack of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies. [GOC:dph]


regulation of cell adhesion involved in intussusceptive angiogenesis

The process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a blood vessel endothelial cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix involved in intussusceptive angiogenesis. [PMID:16391003]


The cellular homeostatic process that preserves a muscle cell in a stable functional or structural state. [GOC:mah, PMID:3091429, PMID:7781901]


phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol phosphate. [ISBN:0198506732]


phosphatidylinositol phosphate catabolic process


SOCE
store-operated calcium import
capacitative calcium entry

A calcium ion entry mechanism in the plasma membrane activated by the depletion of calcium ion from the internal calcium ion store in the endoplasmic reticulum. [GOC:hjd, PMID:11120592, PMID:17956991]


The directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle. [GOC:mah]


plexin-neurophilin complex location
plexin-neurophilin complex
semaphorin receptor complex location

A stable binary complex of a neurophilin and a plexin, together forming a functional semaphorin receptor. [GOC:hjd, PMID:10934324, PMID:12367632, PMID:12613544]


Aggressive behavior based on competition between males of the same species over access to resources such as females, dominance, status, etc. and characterized by noise, threats, and is often less injurious. [GOC:hjd]


Aggressive behavior associated with attempts to flee from a threat. [GOC:hjd]


Aggressive behavior induced by frustration and directed against an available target. [GOC:hjd]


Aggressive behavior of a female to protect her offspring from a threat. [GOC:hjd]


Aggressive behavior directed towards obtaining some goal, considered to be a learned response to a situation. [GOC:hjd]


The process in which the base of cytosine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the C5 position. [GOC:hjd, ISBN:155581073X]


The process that results in the modification of the sugar of a nucleoside in tRNA at the 2'O position. [GOC:hjd, ISBN:155581073X]


wobble position guanine ribose methylation

The process in which the ribose of guanosine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'-O position. [GOC:hjd, ISBN:155581073X]


The process in which the ribose base of the nucleotide at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'O position. [GOC:hjd, ISBN:155581073X]


wobble position cytosine ribose methylation

The process in which the ribose of cytidine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'-O position. [GOC:hjd, ISBN:155581073X]


wobble position uridine ribose methylation

The process in which the ribose of uridine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'-O position. [GOC:hjd, ISBN:155581073X]


A stable heterodimeric complex composed of polycystin-1 and polycystin-2. [GOC:hjd, PMID:11901144]


Binding to UTP, uridine 5'-triphosphate. [GOC:hjd, ISBN:0198506732]


Binding to CTP, cytidine 5'-triphosphate. [GOC:hjd, ISBN:0124020607]


The process in which the carbonyl of cytosine at position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally replaced by lysine. [PMID:15894617]


determination of dorsal-ventral asymmetry

determination of adaxial/abaxial asymmetry

determination of dorsal/ventral asymmetry

Determination of asymmetry from the dorsal to the ventral side; as, the dorsoventral axis. [GOC:jid]


hemopoietic or lymphoid organ development

haematopoietic or lymphoid organ development

haemopoietic or lymphoid organ development

hematopoietic or lymphoid organ development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of any organ involved in hematopoiesis (also known as hemopoiesis) or lymphoid cell activation over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Such development includes differentiation of resident cell types (stromal cells) and of migratory cell types dependent on the unique microenvironment afforded by the organ for their proper differentiation. [GOC:add, GOC:rl, ISBN:0781735149]


formation of an anatomical structure involved in morphogenesis

anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:tb]


neuron morphogenesis involved in differentiation

cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation

The process in which the structures of a neuron are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a neuron. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


lateral line nerve glial cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation

The process in which the structure of a glial cell in a lateral line nerve is generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a glial cell in a lateral line nerve. [GOC:dgh]


anterior lateral line nerve glial cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation

The process in which the structures of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve. [GOC:dgh]


posterior lateral line nerve glial cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation

The process in which the structures of a glial cell in the posterior lateral line nerve are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a glial cell in the posterior lateral line nerve. [GOC:dgh]


proteasomal proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation

The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by the proteasome complex contributing to antigen processing and presentation. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:15224092, PMID:15771591]


The methylation of 5-hydroxy-L-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine. [RESID:AA0359]


actin bundling activity
actin cable assembly
actin cable formation

The assembly of actin filament bundles; actin filaments are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness. [GOC:ai]


Any process in which a cell, substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


regulation of cGMP phosphodiesterase activity


positive regulation of cGMP phosphodiesterase activity


negative regulation of cGMP phosphodiesterase activity


An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a p38 MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell. [GOC:signaling, PMID:20811974]


inhibition of adrenocorticotropin secretion


stimulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion

activation of adrenocorticotropin secretion


Any process, occuring in a cell, that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation. [GOC:ai, GOC:dos, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process in which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is maintained in a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. [GOC:ai]


Any process in which a chromosome is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process in which a vesicle is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process in which an organelle is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process in which the nucleus is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process in which a centrosome is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process in which the spindle is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process in which a plastid is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


modification by host of symbiont morphology or physiology


Any process in which a pigment granule is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


regulation of host catalytic activity by symbiont

modulation of catalytic activity of host by symbiont

regulation by symbiont of host catalytic activity

modulation by symbiont of host enzyme activity

regulation of catalytic activity of host by symbiont

modulation by symbiont of host catalytic activity

The process in which an organism effects a change in host enzyme activity. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06, GOC:tb]


induction by organism of resistance gene-dependent defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


modulation by organism of resistance gene-dependent defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


activation by organism of non-apoptotic programmed cell death in other organism


induction by organism of non-apoptotic programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction


induction of non-apoptotic programmed cell death by other organism


modulation by host of symbiont enzyme activity

modulation by host of symbiont catalytic activity

The process in which a host organism effects a change in the enzyme activity of its symbiont organism. [GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06, GOC:tb]


regulation of cardiac muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction. [GOC:ecd]


negative regulation of cardiac muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction. [GOC:ecd]


The process in which the extent of cardiac muscle contraction is reduced. [GOC:ecd]


A vinculin-containing myofibril attachment structure of striated muscle that connects sarcomeres to the extracellular matrix. In nematode body wall muscle, the dense body performs the dual role of Z-disk and costamere. [GOC:kmv, PMID:17492481]


response to high fluence blue light stimulus by blue high-fluence system

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a high fluence blue light stimulus by the blue high-fluence system. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm. The blue high-fluence system responds to blue light at levels between 100 and 1000 micromols/m2. [GOC:mtg_far_red]


response to high fluence blue light by bhf system


response to very low light intensity stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a very low light intensity stimulus. A very low light intensity stimulus is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation below 0.001 mmol/m2/sec. [GOC:mtg_far_red]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive system is the entire structure in which digestion takes place. Digestion is all of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. [GOC:jid]


urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition


syncytium formation induced by viral infection

positive regulation of syncytium formation by virus

The process in which a virus increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells. [GOC:dph]


The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of an astral microtubule. An astral microtubule is any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell. [GOC:dph]


regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of poly(A) tail shortening of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA. Poly(A) tail shortening is the decrease in length of the poly(A) tail of an mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


regulation of nuclear mRNA poly(A) tail shortening


negative regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of poly(A) tail shortening of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA. Poly(A) tail shortening is the decrease in length of the poly(A) tail of an mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


negative regulation of nuclear mRNA poly(A) tail shortening


positive regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of poly(A) tail shortening of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA. Poly(A) tail shortening is the decrease in length of the poly(A) tail of an mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


positive regulation of nuclear mRNA poly(A) tail shortening


The negative regulation of cell adhesion process in which an oenocyte splits off of an existing epithelial sheet. [GOC:dph]


The negative regulation of cell adhesion process in which a neuroblast splits off of a neurectodermal sheet. [GOC:dph]


Signaling at short range between the head ectoderm and the optic vesicle that results in the head ectoderm forming a lens. [GOC:dph, ISBN:0878932437]


regulation of mitotic spindle organization and biogenesis

regulation of mitotic spindle organisation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a mitotic cell cycle. [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


regulation of fungal-type cell wall organisation

regulation of fungal-type cell wall organization

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fungal-type cell wall. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


regulation of fungal-type cell wall organization and biogenesis


Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of lysozyme. [GOC:dph]


negative regulation of cell growth involved in contact inhibition

The negative regulation of cell growth in response to increased cell density. [GOC:dph]


negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in contact inhibition

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation in response to cell density. [GOC:dph]


The series of events in which information about the density of cells in a population is received and converted into a molecular signal. [GOC:dph]


detection of cell density by contact stimulus


detection of cell density by secreted molecule


detection of cell density by contact stimulus involved in contact inhibition


A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state within a defined anatomical structure of an organism, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. [GOC:dph]


maintenance of germ line stem-cell niche

maintenance of germ-line stem cell niche

maintenance of germ-line stem-cell niche

maintenance of germ line stem cell niche

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state within the germ-line stem-cell niche. This includes control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function that allows the niche to continue to function. A gem-line stem-cell niche is an anatomical structure that regulates how germ-line stem-cells are used and saves them from depletion. [GOC:dph]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell proliferation. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


positive regulation of glial cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation. [GOC:dph, GOC:sl, GOC:tb]


negative regulation of glial cell proliferation

Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation. [GOC:dph, GOC:sl, GOC:tb]


regulation of N-terminal protein palmitoylation

Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of the covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


regulation of macromolecule metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms. [PMID:10591965, PMID:15466424, PMID:16568252]


Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


negative regulation of filamentous growth

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a multicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the behavior associated with the intake of food. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


regulation of transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a process involved in starting transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, GOC:txnOH]


positive regulation of transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a process involved in starting transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, GOC:txnOH]


negative regulation of N-terminal protein palmitoylation

Any process that decreases the rate frequency or extent of the covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


positive regulation of respiratory burst

Any process that increases the rate frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


negative regulation of respiratory burst

Any process that decreases the rate frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


centripetally migrating follicle cell migration

The cell migration process in which a follicle cell migrates as part of an epithelial sheet between the nurse cells and the oocyte. At the end of migration, they cover the anterior of the oocyte. [GOC:dph]


The ovarian follicle cell migration process in which follicle cells migrate posteriorly to form a columnar epithelium over the oocyte. [GOC:dph]


A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. [GOC:cilia, GOC:jl]


The process in which the anatomical structures of skeletal joints are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. A skeletal joint is the connecting structure between the bones of the skeleton. [GOC:bf, GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, UBERON:0000982]


The behavior in which an organism sheds tears, often accompanied by non-verbal vocalizations and in response to external or internal stimuli. [GOC:dph]


The homeostatic process in which a population of cells changes its metabolic activity resulting in the rate of death in the population equaling the rate of reproduction. Stationary phase can be in response to limited nutrients or a build-up of toxic substances in the environment. [GOC:dph]


maintenance of stationary phase in response to starvation

The homeostatic process in which a population of cells changes its metabolic activity resulting in the rate of death in the population equaling the rate of reproduction in response to limited nutrients in the environment. [GOC:dph]


maintenance of stationary phase in response to toxin

The homeostatic process in which a population of cells changes its metabolic activity resulting in the rate of death in the population equaling the rate of reproduction in response to a build-up of toxins in the environment. [GOC:dph]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary. [GOC:dph, GOC:kmv, GOC:tb]


Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary. [GOC:dph, GOC:kmv, GOC:tb]


Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary. [GOC:dph, GOC:kmv, GOC:tb]


Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, PMID:2394318]


positive regulation of oocyte development

Any process that increases the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


negative regulation of oocyte development

Any process that decreases the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


microtubule-based flagellar cell motility

Cell motility due to the motion of one or more eukaryotic cilia. A eukaryotic cilium is a specialized organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. [GOC:cilia, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:krc, GOC:mlg, GOC:mtg_cambridge_2013]


cilium movement involved in determinationof L/R asymmetry

epithelial cilium movement involved in determination of left/right asymmetry

The movement of cilia of epithelial cells of the Left Right Organizer (LRO), also referred to as the node in mouse or the Kupffer's vesicle in zebrafish, resulting in the leftward fluid flow across the LRO and generation or transport of a signal which determines asymmetry in an organism's body plan with respect to the left and right halves. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:krc, GOC:mlg, PMID:28559696, PMID:29367579]


Formation of a lineage restriction boundary within a developing tissue which does not correspond to some morphological barrier. [GOC:dph]


A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a compartment boundary. A compartment boundary is a lineage restriction boundary within a developing tissue which does not correspond to some morphological barrier. [GOC:dph]


The conversion of a differentiated cell of one fate into a differentiated cell of another fate without first undergoing cell division or reversion to a more primitive or stem cell-like fate. [GOC:dph, GOC:kmv]


regulation of cilium beat frequency involved in ciliary motility

Any process that modulates the frequency of cilium beating involved in ciliary motility. [GOC:BHF, GOC:cilia, GOC:dph, GOC:krc, GOC:tb]


Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of myofibril assembly by organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


positive regulation of sarcomere organisation

positive regulation of sarcomere organization

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of myofibril assembly by organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


negative regulation of sarcomere organisation

negative regulation of sarcomere organization

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of myofibril assembly by organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the activity of a molecule that controls the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


positive regulation of cytokine activity

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the activity of a molecule that controls the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


negative regulation of cytokine activity

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the activity of a molecule that controls the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process that modulates the diameter of a cell, the length of a line segment that crosses through the center of a circular section through a cell. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the polarizing direction towards the resting potential, usually from positive to negative. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11, GOC:tb]


regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell repolarization

regulation of ventricular cardiomyocyte membrane repolarization

regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization

Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the polarizing direction towards the resting potential in a ventricular cardiomyocyte. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11, GOC:tb]


regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle repolarization


Binds to and modulates the activity of GTP cyclohydrolase I. GTP cyclohydrolase I activity catalyzes the reaction: GTP + 2 H2O = formate + 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(erythro-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-dihydropteridine triphosphate. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


elastin catabolism
elastin breakdown
elastin degradation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of elastin. Elastin is a glycoprotein which is randomly coiled and crosslinked to form elastic fibers that are found in connective tissue. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


regulation of elastin degradation
regulation of elastin catabolism

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of elastin catabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of elastin. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


negative regulation of elastin catabolism

negative regulation of elastin degradation

negative regulation of elastin breakdown

down-regulation of elastin catabolic process

negative regulation of elastin catabolic process

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of elastin catabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of elastin. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of blood vessel remodeling, the reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


down-regulation of blood vessel remodeling

negative regulation of blood vessel remodeling

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of blood vessel remodeling, the reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

Any process that modulates the activity of a ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel. The ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel catalyzes the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


negative regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

Any process that decreases the activity of a ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel. The ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel catalyzes the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


positive regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

Any process that increases the activity of a ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel. The ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel catalyzes the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


heart epithelial to mesenchymal transition

cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition

A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, PMID:16314491, PMID:1996351]


definitive red blood cell differentiation

Erythrocyte differentiation which occurs as part of the process of definitive hemopoiesis. [GOC:add, GOC:BHF, GOC:dph]


primitive red blood cell differentiation

Erythrocyte differentiation which occurs as part of the process of primitive hemopoiesis. [GOC:add, GOC:BHF, GOC:dph]


The recognition and rejection of self pollen by cells in the stigma, mediated by the sharing and interaction of the single locus incompatibility haplotypes. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, PMID:34848142]


The recognition and acceptance of pollen by cells in the stigma, mediated by the sharing and interaction of the single locus incompatibility haplotypes. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a head from an initial condition to its mature state. The head is the anterior-most division of the body. [GOC:dph]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the head are generated and organized. The head is the anterior-most division of the body. [GOC:dph]


The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a face from an initial condition to its mature state. The face is the ventral division of the head. [GOC:dph]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the face are generated and organized. The face is the ventral division of the head. [GOC:dph]


The directed movement of a motile cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). [GOC:dph]


cytoplasmic actin-based contraction involved in cell motility

The actin filament-based movement by which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in a contraction that propels the cell from one place to another. [GOC:dph]


cytoplasmic actin-based contraction involved in forward cell motility

The actin filament-based movement by which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in a contraction that propels the cell in the direction that has been defined as the front of the cell. [GOC:dph]


cytoplasmic actin-based contraction involved in forward cell locomotion


cytoplasmic actin-based contraction involved in rearward cell motility

The actin filament-based movement by which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in a contraction that propels the cell in the direction that has been defined as the rear of the cell. [GOC:dph]


cytoplasmic actin-based contraction involved in rearward cell locomotion


regulation of response to gamma-interferon

regulation of response to immune interferon

regulation of response to type II interferon

regulation of response to interferon-gamma

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a response to interferon-gamma. Response to interferon gamma is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. [GOC:dph]


negative regulation of response to type II IFN

negative regulation of response to immune interferon

negative regulation of response to type II interferon

negative regulation of response to gamma-interferon

negative regulation of response to interferon-gamma

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a response to interferon-gamma. Response to interferon gamma is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. [GOC:dph]


positive regulation of response to type II IFN

positive regulation of response to immune interferon

positive regulation of response to type II interferon

positive regulation of response to gamma-interferon

positive regulation of response to interferon-gamma

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a response to interferon-gamma. Response to interferon gamma is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. [GOC:dph]


type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by interferon-gamma binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Interferon gamma is the only member of the type II interferon found so far. [GOC:add, GOC:dph, GOC:signaling]


regulation of gamma-interferon-mediated signaling pathway

regulation of type II IFN-mediated signaling pathway

regulation of immune interferon signaling pathway

regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signalling pathway

regulation of type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway

regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of an interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway. [GOC:dph]


positive regulation of gamma-interferon-mediated signaling pathway

positive regulation of type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway

positive regulation of type II IFN-mediated pathway

positive regulation of immune interferon-mediated signaling pathway

positive regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signalling pathway

positive regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of an interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway. [GOC:dph]


negative regulation of type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway

negative regulation of type II IFN-mediated signaling pathway

negative regulation of gamma-interferon-mediated signaling pathway

negative regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signalling pathway

negative regulation of immune interferon-mediated signaling pathway

negative regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of an interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway. [GOC:dph]


type I interferon-mediated signalling pathway

type I interferon-activated signaling pathway

type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by type I interferon binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families. [GOC:add, GOC:dph, GOC:signaling]


regulation of type I interferon-mediated signalling pathway

regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway. [GOC:dph]


negative regulation of type I interferon-mediated signalling pathway

negative regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway. [GOC:dph]


positive regulation of type I interferon-mediated signalling pathway

positive regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway. [GOC:dph]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


The membrane surrounding the inner segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor. The photoreceptor inner segment contains mitochondria, ribosomes and membranes where opsin molecules are assembled and passed to be part of the outer segment discs. [GOC:dph]


The process of creating a trabecula in an organ. A trabecula is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, which generally has a mechanical function. Trabecula are usually but not necessarily, composed of dense collagenous tissue. [GOC:dph]


The process of creating a trabecula in the liver. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod. [GOC:dph]


The process of creating a trabecula in the spleen. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod. [GOC:dph]


skeletal trabeculation
skeletal trabecula formation
bone trabeculation

The process of creating a trabecula in the bone. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod. [GOC:dph]


heart trabeculation
cardiac trabecula formation
cardiac trabeculation

The process of creating a trabecula in the heart. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod. [GOC:dph]


The process in which bones are generated and organized. [GOC:dph]


The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of initial cartilaginous anlage into bone. [GOC:dph, PMID:11680679]


cartilage development involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage that will provide a scaffold for mineralization of endochondral bones. [GOC:dph]


The appearance of a cell adhesion molecule due to biosynthesis or secretion. [GOC:BHF, GOC:rl]


regulation of cell adhesion molecule production

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cell adhesion molecule production. Cell adhesion molecule production is the appearance of a cell adhesion molecule as a result of its biosynthesis or a decrease in its catabolism. [GOC:BHF, GOC:rl]


negative regulation of cell adhesion molecule production

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cell adhesion molecule production. Cell adhesion molecule production is the appearance of a cell adhesion molecule as a result of its biosynthesis or a decrease in its catabolism. [GOC:BHF, GOC:rl]


positive regulation of cell adhesion molecule production

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of cell adhesion molecule production. Cell adhesion molecule production is the appearance of a cell adhesion molecule as a result of its biosynthesis or a decrease in its catabolism. [GOC:BHF, GOC:rl]


Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of leucine import. Leucine import is the directed movement of leucine into a cell or organelle. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of leucine import. Leucine import is the directed movement of leucine into a cell or organelle. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ammonium stimulus. [GO_REF:0000071, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:23509267]


negative regulation of leucine uptake in response to ammonium ion

negative regulation of leucine import in response to ammonium ion

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of leucine import as a result of an ammonium ion stimulus. Leucine import is the directed movement of leucine into a cell or organelle. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through the air, usually by means of active wing movement. [GOC:dph]


Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through the air that is part of the organism's response to external or internal stimuli resulting in flight. [GOC:dph]


The process in which any suture between cranial bones is generated and organized. [GOC:dph, GOC:pr, GOC:sl]


The process in which the frontal suture is generated and organized. [GOC:dph, GOC:sl]


The process in which the coronal suture is generated and organized. [GOC:dph, GOC:sl]


The process in which the lambdoid suture is generated and organized. [GOC:dph, GOC:sl]


regulation of Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signalling pathway

regulation of Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway.. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


positive regulation of Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signalling pathway

positive regulation of Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


susceptibility to T cell mediated cytotoxicity

The process of causing a cell to become susceptible to T cell mediated cytotoxicity. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell depolarization

regulation of atrial cardiomyocyte membrane depolarization

regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane depolarization

Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the depolarizing direction away from the resting potential in an atrial cardiomyocyte. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell repolarization

regulation of atrial cardiomyocyte membrane repolarization

regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization

Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the polarizing direction towards the resting potential in an atrial cardiomyocyte. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


regulation of ventricular cardiomyocyte membrane depolarization

regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane depolarization

Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the depolarizing direction away from the resting potential in a ventricular cardiomyocyte. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


positive regulation of mast cell differentiation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


negative regulation of mast cell differentiation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process that modulates brood size. Brood size is the number of progeny that survive embryogenesis and are cared for at one time. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


myocardial precursor cell differentiation

cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac myoblast. A cardiac myoblast is a precursor cell that has been committed to a cardiac muscle cell fate but retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


regulation of single-stranded telomeric DNA binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding to single-stranded telomeric DNA. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


positive regulation of telomeric ssDNA binding

positive regulation of single-stranded telomeric DNA binding

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of single-stranded telomeric DNA binding. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of DNA strand elongation. DNA strand elongation is the DNA metabolic process in which an existing DNA strand is extended by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand. [GOC:mah]


positive regulation of DNA strand elongation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of DNA strand elongation. DNA strand elongation is the DNA metabolic process in which an existing DNA strand is extended by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand. [GOC:mah]


The neurite development process that generates a long process of a neuron, as it invades a target tissue. [GOC:dph, GOC:sart]


synapse biogenesis involved in innervation

synapse assembly involved in innervation

The assembly of a synapse within a target tissue in which a nerve is invading. [GOC:dph, GOC:pr, GOC:sart]


A structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the egg. The fertilization envelope forms from the vitelline membrane after fertilization as a result of cortical granule release. [GOC:dph, ISBN:0878932437]


A glycoprotein-based structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the egg before fertilization. [GOC:dph, ISBN:0878932437]


receptor-regulated SMAD protein phosphorylation

receptor regulated SMAD protein phosphorylation

pathway restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation

pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation

The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a pathway restricted SMAD protein. A pathway restricted SMAD protein is an effector protein that acts directly downstream of the transforming growth factor family receptor. [GOC:dph, ISBN:3527303782]


regulation of SMAD protein nuclear translocation


positive regulation of SMAD protein nuclear translocation

positive regulation of SMAD protein import into nucleus


negative regulation of SMAD protein nuclear translocation

negative regulation of SMAD protein import into nucleus


regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


negative regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the activity of a SMAD protein, and ultimately effecting a change in the functioning of the cell. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


growth hormone receptor signalling pathway

growth hormone receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, PMID:11445442]


JAK-STAT cascade involved in growth hormone signalling pathway

growth hormone receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT

The process in which STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) are activated by members of the JAK (janus activated kinase) family of tyrosine kinases, following the binding of physiological ligands to the growth hormone receptor. Once activated, STATs dimerize and translocate to the nucleus and modulate the expression of target genes. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, PMID:11445442]


regulation of growth hormone receptor signalling pathway

regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the growth hormone receptor signaling pathway. The growth hormone receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph]


positive regulation of growth hormone receptor signalling pathway

positive regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the growth hormone receptor signaling pathway. The growth hormone receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph]


negative regulation of growth hormone receptor signalling pathway

negative regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the growth hormone receptor signaling pathway. The growth hormone receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand. [GOC:dph]


The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into the cytosol. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of an axonemal microtubule. An axonemal microtubule is a microtubule in the axoneme of a cilium or flagellum; an axoneme contains nine modified doublet microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules. [GOC:cilia, GOC:dph, GOC:krc, GOC:tb]


Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of penile erection. Penile erection is the hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow. [GOC:add, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of penile erection. Penile erection is the hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate, frequency or extent of penile erection. Penile erection is the hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


regulation of acetylcholine metabolic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


positive regulation of acetylcholine metabolic process

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


negative regulation of acetylcholine metabolic process

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


The process in which the anatomical structure of a cardiac septum is generated and organized. A cardiac septum is a partition that separates parts of the heart. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_heart]


The developmental process in which a ventricular septum is generated and organized. A ventricular septum is an anatomical structure that separates the lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart from one another. [GOC:dph]


The developmental process in which atrial septum is generated and organized. The atrial septum separates the upper chambers (the atria) of the heart from one another. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_heart]


aorta smooth muscle tissue morphogenesis

The process in which the structure of the smooth muscle tissue surrounding the aorta is generated and organized. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body. [GOC:bf, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, Wikipedia:Aorta]


The process in which the anatomical structures of muscle tissue are generated and organized. Muscle tissue consists of a set of cells that are part of an organ and carry out a contractive function. [GOC:dph]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth hormone stimulus. Growth hormone is a peptide hormone that binds to the growth hormone receptor and stimulates growth. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph]


The cytoplasmic part that serves as a nutrient reserve or energy source for the developing embryo. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, PMID:18046696]


Discrete structures that partition the water-soluble portion of the yolk of oocytes and ova, which may or may not be membrane enclosed. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, PMID:18046696]


The increase in size or mass of the heart. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process that modulates the rate or extent of heart growth. Heart growth is the increase in size or mass of the heart. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process that increases the rate or extent of heart growth. Heart growth is the increase in size or mass of the heart. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a peptidyl-dipeptidase. Peptidyl-dipeptidase activity catalyzes the release of C-terminal dipeptides from a polypeptide chain. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


The pattern specification process that results in the spatial subdivision of an axis or axes along the foregut to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_lung]


The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the foregut into the area in which the lung will develop. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_lung]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the lung are generated and organized. [GOC:dph]


The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung vasculature from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lung vasculature and ends with the mature structure. The lung vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_lung]


The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of lung connective tissue from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung connective tissue and ends with the mature structure. The lung connective tissue is a material made up of fibers forming a framework and support structure for the lungs. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_lung]


The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung epithelium from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung epithelium and ends with the mature structure. The lung epithelium is the specialized epithelium that lines the inside of the lung. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_lung]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_lung]


The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung saccule from an initial condition to its mature state. The lung saccule is the primitive gas exchange portion of the lung composed of type I and type II cells. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_lung]


The morphogenetic process in which the foregut region specified to become the lung forms the initial left and right buds. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_lung]


Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the lung, to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate. [GOC:dph]


The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a bronchus from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the bronchus and ends with the mature structure. The bronchus is the portion of the airway that connects to the lungs. [GOC:dph]


The process in which the bronchus is generated and organized. The bronchus is the portion of the airway that connects to the lungs. [GOC:dph]


The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a bronchiole from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the bronchiole and ends with the mature structure. A bronchiole is the first airway branch that no longer contains cartilage; it is a branch of the bronchi. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_lung]


The process in which a bronchiole is generated and organized. A bronchiole is the first airway branch that no longer contains cartilage; it is a branch of the bronchi. [GOC:dph]


The increase in size or mass of a lung. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax. [GOC:dph]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a trachea over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches. [GOC:dph]


The process in which a trachea is generated and organized. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches. [GOC:dph]


The process pertaining to the initial formation of a trachea from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the trachea is recognizable. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches. [GOC:dph]


epithelial tube branching involved in lung morphogenesis

The process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched epithelial tubes of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_lung]


branching involved in prostate gland morphogenesis

The process in which the branching structure of the prostate gland is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. [GOC:dph]


The process in which anatomical structures of the mammary gland are generated and organized. Morphogenesis refers to the creation of shape. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. [GOC:dph]


branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis

The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland duct is generated and organized. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. [GOC:dph]


branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis

The process in which the branching structure of the salivary gland is generated and organized. [GOC:dph]


branching involved in open tracheal system development

The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in the open tracheal system are generated and organized. [GOC:dph]


bud formation involved in lung branching

bud outgrowth involved in lung branching

The process in which a region of the lung epithelium initiates an outgrowth. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_lung]


bud bifurcation involved in lung branching

dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in lung branching

The process in which a lung bud bifurcates. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_lung]


bud elongation involved in lung branching

The process in which a bud in the lung grows out from the point where it is formed. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_lung]


positive regulation of hindgut contraction

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


negative regulation of hindgut contraction

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


positive regulation of gastric acid secretion

Any process that increases the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


negative regulation of gastric acid secretion

Any process that decreases the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


positive regulation of digestive system process

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


negative regulation of digestive system process

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a right lung from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the right lung and ends with the mature structure. The right lung is the lung which is on the right side of the anterior posterior axis looking from a dorsal to ventral aspect. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_lung]


The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a left lung from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the left lung and ends with the mature structure. The left lung is the lung which is on the left side of the anterior posterior axis looking from a dorsal to ventral aspect. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_lung]


The process in which anatomical structures of the left lung are generated and organized. [GOC:dph]


The process in which anatomical structures of the right lung are generated and organized. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_lung]


The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung lobe from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of a lung lobe by branching morphogenesis and ends with the mature structure. A lung lobe is one of the rounded projections that compose the lung. [GOC:dph]


The process in which the anatomical structures of a lung lobe are generated and organized. A lung lobe is a projection that extends from the lung. [GOC:dph]


The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a lung lobe from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the lobe and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. A lung lobe is a projection that extends from the lung. [GOC:dph]


The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pharynx from an initial condition to its mature state. The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth. [GOC:dph, GOC:rk]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which a water molecule bound by the side chains of aspartic residues at the active center acts as a nucleophile. [GOC:mah, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/merops/about/glossary.shtml#CATTYPE]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism involving a glutamate/glutamine catalytic dyad. [GOC:mah, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/merops/about/glossary.shtml#CATTYPE]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the hydroxyl group of a threonine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile. [GOC:mah, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/merops/about/glossary.shtml#CATTYPE]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of C- or N-terminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile. [GOC:mah, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/merops/about/glossary.shtml#CATTYPE, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/merops/about/glossary.shtml#EXOPEPTIDASE]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single N-terminal amino acid residue from a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile. [GOC:mah, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/merops/about/glossary.shtml#AMINOPEPTIDASE, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/merops/about/glossary.shtml#CATTYPE]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single N-terminal amino acid residue from a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions. [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/merops/about/glossary.shtml#AMINOPEPTIDASE]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism involving a glutamate/glutamine catalytic dyad. [GOC:mah, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/merops/about/glossary.shtml#CATTYPE, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/merops/about/glossary.shtml#ENDOPEPTIDASE]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond not more than three residues from the N- or C-terminus of a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine). [GOC:mah, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/merops/about/glossary.shtml#CATTYPE, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/merops/about/glossary.shtml#EXOPEPTIDASE]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single N-terminal amino acid residue from a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine). [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/merops/about/glossary.shtml#AMINOPEPTIDASE, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/merops/about/glossary.shtml#CATTYPE]


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond in an oligopeptide, i.e. a molecule containing a small number (2 to 20) of amino acid residues connected by peptide bonds. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]


An organelle lumen that is part of an intracellular organelle. [GOC:mah]


A protein complex that possesses oligo-1,6-glucosidase activity; the complex is a heterodimer located in the cell membrane, and is formed by proteolytic cleavage of a single precursor polypeptide. The two subunits have different substrate specificities. [PMID:3366777]


Arm repeat domain binding
armadillo repeat binding
armadillo domain binding

Binding to an armadillo repeat domain, an approximately 40 amino acid long tandemly repeated sequence motif first identified in the Drosophila segment polarity protein armadillo. Arm-repeat proteins are involved in various processes, including intracellular signalling and cytoskeletal regulation. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, GOC:vk, InterPro:IPR000225]


alphav-beta3 integrin-thrombospondin complex location

A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to thrombospondin. [PMID:2478219]


TGF-beta1-type II receptor-type I receptor complex location

TGF-beta receptor II-TGF-beta receptor I-TGF-beta1 complex location

transforming growth factor beta1-type II receptor-type I receptor complex location

TGF-beta 1:type II receptor:type I receptor complex location


interleukin-12-interleukin-12 receptor complex location

A protein complex that is formed by the association of a heterodimeric interleukin-12 receptor complex with an interleukin-12 heterodimer. [PMID:11900991]


CD19-Vav-PI 3-kinase (p85 subunit) complex location

A protein complex that contains the cell surface signaling molecule CD19, the Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav, and the regulatory subunit alpha of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). [PMID:7528218]


Binding to carbon monoxide (CO). [GOC:ecd]


nitrogen monoxide binding
NO binding
nitrosyl binding


Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of carbon monoxide (CO). [GOC:ecd]


alphav-beta3 integrin-osteopontin complex location

A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to osteopontin. [PMID:7532190]


alphav-beta1 integrin-osteopontin complex location

A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta1 integrin complex bound to osteopontin. [PMID:7592829]


alphav-beta5 integrin-osteopontin complex location

A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta5 integrin complex bound to osteopontin. [PMID:7592829]


synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-complexin I complex location

A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, and complexin I (or orthologs thereof). [PMID:7553862]


SNARE complex location (Vamp2, Snap25, Stx1a, Cplx1)

SNARE complex (Vamp2, Snap25, Stx1a, Cplx1)


synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-complexin II complex location

A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, and complexin II (or orthologs thereof). [PMID:7553862]


SNARE complex location (Vamp2, Snap25, Stx1a, Cplx2)

SNARE complex (Vamp2, Snap25, Stx1a, Cplx2)


Binding to the telomerase RNA template. [GOC:krc, PMID:16884717]


rRNA (pseudouridine) methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a pseudouridine residue in an rRNA molecule. [GOC:imk, GOC:mah]


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N3-methylpseudouridine. [GOC:imk, GOC:mah]


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing 2'-O-methylguanosine. [GOC:imk, GOC:mah]


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(2503) in 23S rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + rRNA containing C2-methyladenine(2503) in 23S rRNA. [GOC:imk, PMID:20007606, PMID:20184321, PMID:21368151, PMID:21415317, PMID:21527678]


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing C5-methyluridine. [GOC:imk, GOC:mah]


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N3-methyluridine. [GOC:imk, GOC:mah]


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N7-methylguanine. [GOC:imk, GOC:mah]


synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a complex location

SNARE complex location (Stx1a, SNAP25, VAMP)

A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 1a (or orthologs thereof). [PMID:10336434]


SNARE complex location (Snap25, Stx1a, Vamp2)


synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-2 complex location

A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 2 (or orthologs thereof). [PMID:10336434]


SNARE complex location (Stx2, Snap25, Vamp2)


synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-3 complex location

A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 3 (or orthologs thereof). [PMID:10336434]


SNARE complex location (Stx3, Snap25, Vamp2)


synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-4 complex location

A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 4 (or orthologs thereof). [PMID:10336434]


SNARE complex location (Stx4, Snap25, Vamp2)


A SNARE complex that contains endobrevin (VAMP8), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 1a (or orthologs thereof). [PMID:10336434]


SNARE complex location (Stx1a, Snap25, Vamp8)


A SNARE complex that contains endobrevin (VAMP8), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 2 (or orthologs thereof). [PMID:10336434]


SNARE complex location (Stx2, Snap25, Vamp8)


The cellular homeostatic process that preserves a neuron in a stable, differentiated functional and structural state. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]


Binding to fibrinogen, a highly soluble hexameric glycoprotein complex that is found in blood plasma and is converted to fibrin by thrombin in the coagulation cascade. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, GOC:vk]


Binding to a type V collagen trimer. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah]


Combining with thrombospondin and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity. [GOC:BHF, GOC:signaling, GOC:vk]


mRNA splicing, via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation

Splicing of mRNA substrates via recognition of the folded RNA structure that brings the 5' and 3' splice sites into proximity and cleavage of the RNA at both the 3' and 5' splice sites by an endonucleolytic mechanism, followed by ligation of the exons. [GOC:krc, GOC:mah]


The region of the prospore membrane that extends to surround the spore nucleus; coated with specific proteins that are thought to play a role in prospore membrane organization. [GOC:mah, PMID:14702385]


forespore membrane spindle pole body attachment site

prospore membrane spindle pole body attachment site

The region of the prospore membrane to which the spindle pole body (SPB) is anchored; the prospore membrane extends from the SPB attachment site to surround the spore nucleus. [GOC:mah, PMID:14702385]


The process in which tRNA genes, which are not linearly connected on the chromosome, are transported in three dimensions to, and maintained together in, the nucleolus. This clustered positioning leads to transcriptional silencing of nearby RNA polymerase II promoters (termed tRNA gene mediated (tgm) silencing) in S. cerevisiae. [GOC:jh, GOC:mah, PMID:18708579]