inner ear receptor stereocilium organisation

inner ear hair cell receptor stereocilium organization

inner ear receptor stereocilium organization and biogenesis

inner ear receptor cell stereocilium organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a stereocilium. A stereocilium is an actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of inner ear receptor cells. [GOC:dph]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell. [GOC:dph]


positive regulation of growth hormone secretion

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell. [GOC:dph]


negative regulation of growth hormone secretion

Any process that decreases or stops the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell. [GOC:dph]


somatotrophin secreting cell differentiation

growth hormone secreting cell differentiation

somatotropin secreting cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a somatotropin secreting cell. A somatotropin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces growth hormone, somatotropin. [GOC:dph]


lactotrope differentiation
lactotropic cell differentiation
mammotrope differentiation
mammotroph differentiation
lactotroph differentiation
epsilon-acidophil differentiation
mammotropic cell differentiation
mammotrophic cell differentiation

prolactin secreting cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a prolactin secreting cell. A prolactin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces prolactin. [GOC:dph]


corticotrophin hormone secreting cell differentiation

adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting cell differentiation

adrenocorticotrophic hormone secreting cell differentiation

corticotropin hormone secreting cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a corticotropic hormone secreting cell. An corticotropic hormone secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces corticotropin. [GOC:dph]


thyroid stimulating hormone secreting cell differentiation

thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell. A thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyrotrophin. [GOC:dph]


thyroid stimulating hormone secreting cell development

thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces thyroid stimulating hormone, thyrotrophin. [GOC:dph]


adrenocorticotrophic hormone secreting cell development

corticotrophin hormone secreting cell development

adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting cell development

corticotropin hormone secreting cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a corticotropic hormone secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An corticotropic hormone secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces corticotropin. [GOC:dph]


epsilon-acidophil development
lactotrope development
mammotropic cell development
lactotropic cell development
mammotroph development
lactotroph development
mammotrope development
mammotrophic cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a prolactin secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A prolactin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces prolactin. [GOC:dph]


growth hormone secreting cell development

somatotrophin secreting cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a somatotropin secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A somatotropin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces growth hormone, somatotropin. [GOC:dph]


maternal process involved in female pregnancy

A reproductive process occurring in the mother that allows an embryo or fetus to develop within it. [GOC:dph]


embryonic process involved in female pregnancy

A reproductive process occurring in the embryo or fetus that allows the embryo or fetus to develop within the mother. [GOC:dph]


maternal process involved in parturition

A reproductive process occurring in the mother that results in birth. [GOC:dph]


A reproductive process occurring in the embryo that results in birth. [GOC:dph]


positive regulation of apoptosis by virus

positive regulation of apoptotic process by virus

Any viral process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_apoptosis]


regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells. [GOC:dph]


positive regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells. [GOC:dph]


regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing

regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism. [GOC:dph]


positive regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing

positive regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism. [GOC:dph]


negative regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing

negative regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism. [GOC:dph]


Any process in which a peroxisome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. A peroxisome is a small membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules. [GOC:dph, PMID:16449325]


The microtubule-based process in which a peroxisome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. A peroxisome is a small membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules. [GOC:dph, PMID:16449325]


viral process regulating host cell cycle

Any viral process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. [GOC:dph, UniProtKB-KW:KW-1121, VZ:1636]


platelet dense granule organization and biogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a platelet dense granule. A platelet dense granule is an electron-dense granule occurring in blood platelets that stores and secretes adenosine nucleotides and serotonin. They contain a highly condensed core consisting of serotonin, histamine, calcium, magnesium, ATP, ADP, pyrophosphate and membrane lysosomal proteins. [GOC:dph, PMID:11487378]


bull's eye body organization and biogenesis


platelet dense body organization and biogenesis


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urinary bladder over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The urinary bladder is an elastic, muscular sac situated in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity in which urine collects before excretion. [GOC:dph, GOC:ln, GOC:mr, PMID:11768524, PMID:18276178, PMID:538956]


phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway

dopamine receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway

activation of phospholipase C activity by dopamine receptor signaling pathway

activation of phospholipase C activity by dopamine receptor signalling pathway

A phospholipase C-activating receptor G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by dopamine binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:dph, GOC:signaling, GOC:tb, PMID:12675914]


regulation of dopamine receptor signalling pathway

regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a dopamine receptor signaling pathway activity. A dopamine receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. [GOC:dph]


negative regulation of dopamine receptor signalling pathway

negative regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine receptor protein signaling pathway activity. A dopamine receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. [GOC:dph]


positive regulation of dopamine receptor signalling pathway

positive regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the dopamine receptor protein signaling pathway. A dopamine receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. [GOC:dph]


down-regulation of phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway

negative regulation of phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway

down regulation of phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway

negative regulation of dopamine receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway

negative regulation of phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signalling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the dopamine receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, PMID:15016423]


The process in which in the subpallium, the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron. The subpallium is the base region of the telencephalon. [GOC:dph]


subpallium neuronal precursor fate commitment


regulation of timing of neuron differentiation

The process controlling the activation and/or rate at which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires features of a neuron. [GOC:dph]


regulation of timing of subpallium neuron differentiation

The process controlling the timing and/or rate at which a relatively unspecialized cell in the subpallium acquires features of a neuron. The subpallium is the base region of the telencephalon. [GOC:dph]


The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the olfactory pit from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the olfactory pit, which is an indentation of the olfactory placode, and ends when the pits hollows out to form the nasopharynx. [GOC:dph, ISBN:0124020607]


regulation of adenosine receptor signalling pathway

regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the adenosine receptor signaling pathway. The adenosine receptor pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adenosine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. [GOC:dph]


positive regulation of adenosine receptor signalling pathway

positive regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the adenosine receptor signaling pathway. The adenosine receptor pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adenosine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. [GOC:dph]


negative regulation of adenosine receptor signalling pathway

negative regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the adenosine receptor signaling pathway. The adenosine receptor pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adenosine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. [GOC:dph]


The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a stereocilium. [GOC:dph, GOC:rph]


The process pertaining to the initial formation of a limb bud from unspecified parts. This process begins with the formation of a local condensation of mesenchyme cells within the prospective limb field, and ends when a limb bud is recognizable. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph]


brain-derived neurotrophic factor-activated receptor activity

brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity

Combining with a brain-derived neurotrophic factor and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity. [GOC:bf, GOC:dph]


regulation of aggregation involved in sorocarp development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aggregation during sorocarp development. Aggregation involved in sorocarp development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the aggregate over time, from its formation to the point when a slug is formed. Aggregate development begins in response to starvation and continues by the chemoattractant-mediated movement of cells toward each other. The aggregate is a multicellular structure that gives rise to the slug. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


regulation of angiotensin metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving angiotensin. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process that modulates the localization of exocysts. An exocyst is a protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where vesicles dock and fuse. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


The specific behavior of a male organism that is associated with reproduction. [GOC:dph, GOC:pr, GOC:tb]


The specific behavior of a female organism that is associated with reproduction. [GOC:dph, GOC:pr, GOC:tb]


Combining with the peptide apelin to initiate a change in cell activity. [GOC:dph]


A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by apelin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. [GOC:dph]


The process in which a cell switches cell cycle mode. [GOC:dph, GOC:kmv, GOC:tb]


The opening and spreading out of the outer ear. [GOC:dph]


Either of two different areas at opposite ends of an axis of a cell. [GOC:dph]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein desumoylation. Protein desumoylation is the process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is cleaved from its target protein. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


positive regulation of protein desumoylation

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein desumoylation. Protein desumoylation is the process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is cleaved from its target protein. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


negative regulation of protein desumoylation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of protein desumoylation. Protein desumoylation is the process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is cleaved from its target protein. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipase activity, the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of lipase activity, the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipase activity, the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


regulation of antisense RNA transcription

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis, on a template of DNA. [GOC:dph, GOC:jp, GOC:tb, PMID:18075583]


negative regulation of antisense RNA transcription

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis, on a template of DNA. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, PMID:18075583]


positive regulation of antisense RNA transcription

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis, on a template of DNA. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, PMID:18075583]


The separation of the single opening of the digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts, the cloaca, into multiple isolated openings during development. [GOC:dph, GOC:st]


A clathrin-sculpted lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicle after clathrin release. [GOC:dph]


cytoplasmic membrane-enclosed vesicle lumen

cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle lumen


The progression of physiological phases, occurring in the endometrium during the estrous cycle that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years. The estrous cycle is an ovulation cycle where the endometrium is resorbed if pregnancy does not occur. [GOC:dph]


regulation of 3' to 5' mRNA deadenylation


negative regulation of 3' to 5' mRNA deadenylation


negative regulation of mRNA deadenylation


positive regulation of 3' to 5' mRNA deadenylation


positive regulation of mRNA deadenylation


Formation of the endocardium of the heart. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers. [GOC:bf, GOC:dph, PMID:17722983]


primitive haematopoiesis
primitive haemopoiesis
primitive hematopoiesis

A first transient wave of blood cell production that, in vertebrates, gives rise to erythrocytes (red blood cells) and myeloid cells. [GOC:bf, GOC:dph, PMID:15378083, PMID:15617691]


definitive haematopoiesis
definitive haemopoiesis
definitive hematopoiesis

A second wave of blood cell production that, in vertebrates, generates long-term hemopoietic stem cells that continously provide erythroid, myeloid and lymphoid lineages throughout adulthood. [GOC:bf, GOC:dph, PMID:15378083, PMID:15617691]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the characteristics of a mature hemangioblast. Hemangioblasts are the proposed common precursor of blood and endothelial lineages. [GOC:bf, GOC:dph, PMID:15378083, PMID:9670018]


haematopoietic stem cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hematopoietic stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. [GOC:bf, GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:rl, PMID:15378083]


camera-type eye photoreceptor cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell in a camera-type eye. [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


camera-type eye photoreceptor cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a photoreceptor cell in a camera-type eye. [GOC:dph]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a retinal rod cell. [GOC:dph]


regulation of retinal cone cell fate commitment

Any process that modulates the process in which a cell becomes committed to a retinal cone cell fate. Retinal cone cell fate commitment is the process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal cone cell. [GOC:dph]


The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal rod cell. A retinal rod cell is one of the two photoreceptor subtypes in a camera-type eye. [GOC:dph]


regulation of retinal rod cell fate commitment

Any process that modulates the process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal rod cell. A retinal rod cell is one of the two photoreceptor subtypes in a camera-type eye. [GOC:dph]


positive regulation of retinal rod cell fate commitment

Any process that increases the process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal rod cell. A retinal rod cell is one of the two photoreceptor subtypes in a camera-type eye. [GOC:dph]


negative regulation of retinal cone cell fate commitment

Any process that increases the process in which a cell becomes committed to a retinal cone cell fate. Retinal cone cell fate commitment is the process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal cone cell. [GOC:dph]


Notch signalling pathway involved in camera-type eye photoreceptor fate commitment

Notch signaling pathway involved in camera-type eye photoreceptor fate commitment

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to the commitment of a precursor cell to a eye photoreceptor fate. [GOC:dph]


phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activator activity

Increases the activity of phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase, an enzyme that converts cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine (lecithins) to cholesteryl esters and lyso-phosphatidylcholines. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb, PMID:4335615]


Binds to and increases the activity of a lipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a lipid. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Binds to and increases the activity of a lipoprotein lipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a lipid within a lipoprotein. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb, PMID:10727238]


cytosolic DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex location

The eubacterial DNA-directed RNA polymerase is a multisubunit complex with a core composed of the essential subunits beta-prime, beta, and two copies of alpha and a fifth nonessential subunit called omega. An additional subunit, a sigma factor, is required for promoter recognition and specificity. [PMID:11158566]


catalytic spliceosome assembly for first transesterification step


catalytic spliceosome assembly for second transesterification step


Any of a series of septin structures that are localized in the bud neck of a budding fungal cell during the cell cycle. [GOC:krc]


inhibition of transcription by galactose


activation of transcription by galactose


stimulation of transcription by galactose


inhibition of histone H3-K36 methylation


activation of histone H3-K36 methylation


stimulation of histone H3-K36 methylation


activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose


stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose


inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose


inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose


activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose


stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose


SSL2-core TFIIH complex portion of holo TFIIH complex location

The core TFIIH complex when it is part of the general transcription factor TFIIH. [GOC:ew, GOC:krc, PMID:14500720, PMID:22308316, PMID:22572993, PMID:7813015]


transcription factor TFIIH core complex location

The 7 subunit core of TFIIH that is a part of either the general transcription factor holo-TFIIH or the nucleotide-excision repair factor 3 complex. In S. cerevisiae/humans the complex is composed of: Ssl2/XPB, Tfb1/p62, Tfb2/p52, Ssl1/p44, Tfb4/p34, Tfb5/p8 and Rad3/XPD. [GOC:ew, GOC:krc, PMID:14500720, PMID:17215295, PMID:22308316, PMID:22572993, PMID:23028141, PMID:7813015]


SSL2-core TFIIH complex portion of NEF3 complex location

The core TFIIH complex when it is part of the nucleotide-excision repair factor 3 (NEF3). [GOC:ew, GOC:krc, PMID:14500720, PMID:22308316, PMID:22572993, PMID:7813015]


A multiprotein kinetochore subcomplex that binds to centromeric chromatin and forms part of the inner kinetochore. It helps to recruit outer kinetochore subunits that will bind to microtubules. In humans, it consists of MIS12, DSN1, NSL1 and PMF1. [GOC:krc, PMID:14633972, PMID:16585270]


THO complex part of TREX complex location

THO complex part of transcription export complex location

The THO complex when it is part of the TREX (TRanscription EXport) complex that is involved in coupling transcription to export of mRNAs to the cytoplasm. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of four subunits: Hpr1, Tho2, Thp1, and Mft1, while the human complex is composed of 7 subunits. [GOC:krc, PMID:11060033, PMID:11979277, PMID:16983072]


The THO complex when it is acting as a nuclear complex that is required for transcription elongation through genes containing tandemly repeated DNA sequences. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of four subunits: Hpr1, Tho2, Thp2, and Mft1, while the human complex is composed of 7 subunits. [GOC:krc, GOC:se, PMID:11060033, PMID:11979277, PMID:16983072]


endonucleolytic cleavage in ITS1 to separate SSU-rRNA from 5.8S rRNA and LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage between the SSU-rRNA and the 5.8S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. [GOC:curators, PMID:10690410]


cleavage in ITS2 of tricistronic rRNA transcript to separate 5.8S and LSU rRNAs (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

cleavage in ITS2 between 5.8S rRNA and LSU-rRNA of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage within ITS2 between the 5.8S rRNA and the LSU-rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. [GOC:curators, PMID:10690410]


endonucleolytic cleavage of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 5S)

Endonucleolytic cleavage of a pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA, and the 5S rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. For example, primary ribosomal RNA transcripts containing three genes, in this order, are produced in E. coli and other prokaryotic species. Note that the use of the word tricistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript. [GOC:curators]


cleavage of bicistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage of pre-rRNAs originally produced as a bicistronic rRNA transcript that contains the SSU-rRNA and the LSU-rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Primary ribosomal RNA transcripts with two genes in this order are produced in Archaeal species. [GOC:curators]


The addition of a methyl group to the 2'-oxygen atom of a nucleotide residue in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis. [GOC:curators, ISBN:1555811337]


snoRNA guided rRNA 2'-O-ribose methylation

The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to the 2'-oxygen atom of nucleotide residues in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis using a snoRNA guide that targets the position of methylation. [GOC:curators, ISBN:1555811337]


The addition of methyl groups to the 2'-oxygen atom of nucleotide residues in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis where the methylase specifies the site that becomes methylated without using a guide RNA. [GOC:curators, ISBN:1555811337]


snoRNA guided rRNA pseudouridine synthesis

The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis using a snoRNA guide that targets the position of pseudouridylation. [GOC:curators, ISBN:1555811337]


enzyme-directed rRNA pseudouridine synthesis

The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine during ribosome biogenesis where the enzyme specifies the site that becomes pseudouridylated without using a guide RNA. [GOC:curators, ISBN:1555811337]


endonucleolytic cleavage between SSU-rRNA and LSU-rRNA of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 5S)

Endonucleolytic cleavage to separate a pre-SSU-rRNA from a pre-LSU-rRNA originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA, and the 5S rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Note that the use of the word tricistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript. [GOC:curators]


endonucleolytic cleavage between LSU-rRNA and 5S rRNA of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 5S)

Endonucleolytic cleavage to separate a pre-LSU-rRNA from a pre-5S rRNA originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA, and the 5S rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Note that the use of the word tricistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript. [GOC:curators]


exonucleolytic trimming during rRNA processing

exonucleolytic trimming involved in rRNA processing

Exonucleolytic digestion of a pre-rRNA molecule in the process to generate a mature rRNA molecule. [GOC:curators]


Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5.8S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5.8S rRNA molecule. [GOC:curators]


endonucleolytic cleavage to generate mature 3'-end of SSU-rRNA from (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage at the 3'-end of the SSU-rRNA from an originally tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript, to produce the mature end of the SSU-rRNA. [GOC:krc, PMID:10690410]


maturation of SSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. [GOC:curators]


maturation of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. [GOC:curators]


endonucleolytic cleavage in ITS1 upstream of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage within Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) upstream of the 5.8S rRNA derived from an originally tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. In S. cerevisiae, this endonucleolytic cleavage within ITS1 initiates the maturation of the LSU and the 5.8S rRNAs. [GOC:krc, PMID:10690410]


exonucleolytic trimming to generate mature 5'-end of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Exonucleolytic digestion of a pre-rRNA molecule to generate the mature 5'-end of a 5.8S rRNA molecule derived from an originally tricistronic pre-rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. [GOC:krc, PMID:10690410]


maturation of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of an rRNA molecule originally produced as part of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. [GOC:curators, PMID:10690410]


exonucleolytic trimming to generate mature 3'-end of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Exonucleolytic digestion of a pre-rRNA molecule to generate the mature 3'-end of a 5.8S rRNA molecule derived from an originally tricistronic pre-rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. [GOC:krc, PMID:10690410]


generation of mature 3'-end of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in generating the mature 3'-end of an LSU-rRNA derived from a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. [GOC:krc, PMID:10690410]


complement component C1 complex location

A protein complex composed of six subunits of C1q, each formed of the three homologous polypeptide chains C1QA, C1QB, and C1QB, and tetramer of two C1QR and two C1QS polypeptide chains. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


Crater-like ring of chitinous scar tissue located on the surface of the mother cell. It is formed after the newly emerged daughter cell separates thereby marking the site of cytokinesis and septation. The number of bud scars that accumulate on the surface of a cell is a useful determinant of replicative age. [GOC:rn, PMID:14600225, PMID:2005820]


transcription factor TFIIH holo complex location

A complex that is capable of kinase activity directed towards the C-terminal Domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and is essential for initiation at RNA polymerase II promoters in vitro. It is composed of the core TFIIH complex and the TFIIK complex. [GOC:ew, GOC:krc, PMID:14500720, PMID:22308316, PMID:22572993, PMID:7813015]


mitochondrial permeability transition pore complex location

A protein complex that connects the inner and outer membranes of animal mitochondria and acts as a pore that can open transiently to allow free diffusion of solutes between the mitochondrial matrix and the cytosol. The pore complex is formed of the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) and cyclophilin-D (CyP-D). [PMID:10393078]


nuclear cap binding complex location
nuclear cap binding complex

A conserved heterodimeric protein complex that binds to the 5' terminal cap structure m7G(5')ppp(5')N of nascent eukaryotic RNA polymerase II transcripts such as pre-mRNA and U snRNA. The consists of proteins known as CBP20 and CBP80, binds to cap structures in the nucleus, and is involved in pre-mRNA splicing, 3'-end formation, and RNA nuclear export. [PMID:16043498]


mRNA cap binding complex
mRNA cap binding complex location

Any protein complex that binds to an mRNA cap at any time in the lifetime of the mRNA. [GOC:jid]


A protuberance from a cell of an organism that reproduces by budding, which will grow larger and become a separate daughter cell after nuclear division, cytokinesis, and cell wall formation (when appropriate). The daughter cell may completely separate from the mother cell, or the mother and daughter cells may remain associated. [GOC:sgd_curators]


The end of a cellular bud distal to the site of attachment to the mother cell. [GOC:mah]


The constriction between the mother cell and daughter cell (bud) in an organism that reproduces by budding. [GOC:mah]


arginine-specific carbamoyl phosphate synthetase complex location


carbamoyl-phosphate synthase arginine-specific complex location


cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase complex location

An enzyme complex that catalyzes the hydrolysis of bonds in a cyclic nucleotide. [EC:3.1.4.-]


serine-pyruvate aminotransferase complex location

An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of hydroxypyruvate and alanine from serine and pyruvate. [EC:2.6.1.51]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving a mannan backbone composed of D-mannose unites, substituted with D-glucose and/or D-galactose units. [GOC:tair_curators]


establishment of heterochromatic silencing


process resulting in protein modification

The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications). Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification). [GOC:bf, GOC:jl]


activation of tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activity

The process in which the tryptophan 5-monooxygenase enzyme is changed so that it can carry out its enzymatic activity. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


Protein processing that takes place in the vacuole. Most protein processing in the vacuole represents proteolytic cleavage of precursors to form active enzymes. [GOC:mah]


unsaturated fatty acid formation
unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis
unsaturated fatty acid synthesis
unsaturated fatty acid anabolism

unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an unsaturated fatty acid, any fatty acid containing one or more double bonds between carbon atoms. [GOC:mah, MetaCyc:PWY-762, MetaCyc:PWY-782]


molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic process


Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ions at the level of a cell. [GOC:mah]


Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions at the level of a cell. [GOC:ceb, GOC:mah]


Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cadmium ions at the level of a cell. [GOC:ai, GOC:mah]


Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cobalt ions at the level of a cell. [GOC:ai, GOC:mah]


Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of copper ions at the level of a cell. [GOC:ai, GOC:mah]


Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of iron ions at the level of a cell. [GOC:ai, GOC:mah]


Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of zinc ions at the level of a cell. [GOC:ai, GOC:mah]


Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sodium ions at the level of a cell. [GOC:ai, GOC:mah]


activation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process


stimulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process


activation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria


stimulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria


activation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria


stimulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria


activation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process


stimulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process


unfolded protein response, stimulation of target gene transcription


inhibition of microtubule depolymerization


negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization in axoneme

negative regulation of axonemal microtubule depolymerization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the depolymerization of the specialized microtubules of the axoneme. [GOC:dph, GOC:mah]


spindle assembly involved in male meiosis

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle in males. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:mah]


spindle assembly involved in male meiosis I

The formation of the spindle during meiosis I of a meiotic cell cycle in males. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:mah]


spindle assembly involved in female meiosis

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:mah]


spindle assembly involved in female meiosis I

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during meiosis I of a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:mah]


spindle assembly involved in female meiosis II

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during meiosis II of a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:mah]


positive regulation of transcription involved in exit from mitosis

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription as the cell leaves M phase. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:tb]


positive regulation of transcription involved in exit from mitosis, from RNA polymerase I promoter

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter as the cell leaves M phase. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


positive regulation of transcription involved in exit from mitosis, from RNA polymerase II promoter

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as the cell leaves M phase. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


positive regulation of transcription involved in exit from mitosis, from RNA polymerase III promoter

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter as the cell leaves M phase. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


signal transduction involved in mitotic cell cycle checkpoint

A signaling process that ensures accurate chromosome replication and segregation by preventing progression through a mitotic cell cycle until conditions are suitable for the cell to proceed to the next stage. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle]


signal transduction involved in mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint

mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint signalling

signal transduction involved in mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint

A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint, that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a mitotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle, PMID:12360190]

mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling


mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint

signal transduction involved in mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint

signal transduction involved in mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint

signal transduction involved in G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint

signal transduction involved in G2 DNA damage checkpoint

mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling

A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression through the G2/M transition of the cell cycle in response to DNA damage. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle, PMID:16299494]


activation of transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity

Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activation


transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase dimerization


inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor activity


inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity


positive regulation of transcription of Notch receptor target

The activation of transcription of specific genes as a result of Notch signaling, mediated by the Notch intracellular domain. [PMID:12651094]


Wnt receptor signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway

Wnt-activated signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway

Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC). [GOC:bf, GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, PMID:11532397]


The generation and maintenance of gametes in a multicellular organism. A gamete is a haploid reproductive cell. [GOC:ems, GOC:mtg_sensu]


germarium-derived oocyte fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a germarium-derived cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oocyte cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0879694238]


Construction of the chorion portion of the eggshell, which comprises the channels for gas exchange in an insect eggshell. [GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:tb, ISBN:0879694238]


Amplification by up to 60-fold of the loci containing the chorion gene clusters. Amplification is necessary for the rapid synthesis of chorion proteins by the follicle cells, and occurs by repeated firing of one or more origins located within each gene cluster. [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:11157771]


epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system

The orderly movement of epithelial cells during development of an open tracheal system. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:bf, GOC:mtg_sensu]


larval salivary gland boundary specification

Determination in a larval organism of where the salivary gland forms, the total number of salivary gland cells and how many cells are allocated to each of the specialised cell types within the salivary gland. [GOC:tb, PMID:11598957]


adult salivary gland boundary specification

Determination in an adult organism of where the salivary gland forms, the total number of salivary gland cells and how many cells are allocated to each of the specialised cell types within the salivary gland. [GOC:tb, PMID:11598957]


The controlled release of a fluid by a cell or tissue in an animal. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:mah, GOC:tb]


maternal determination of dorsoventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, germ-line encoded

maternal determination of dorsal-ventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, germ-line encoded

maternal determination of dorsal/ventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, germ-line encoded

Polarization of the ovarian follicle cells along the dorsal-ventral axis by a gene product encoded by cells of the germ line. [GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:0879694238]


blood group H alpha-2-fucosyltransferase activity


blood-group substance H-dependent fucosyltransferase activity


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-histidine = 3-(imidazol-5-yl)pyruvate + L-glutamate. [EC:2.6.1.38, RHEA:16565]


complex III (mitochondrial electron transport) activity

mitochondrial electron transport complex III


complex I (electron transport chain) activity


mitochondrial electron transport complex 1 activity

mitochondrial electron transport complex I activity

complex I (mitochondrial electron transport) activity


complex I (NADH:Q1 oxidoreductase) activity


NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex activity


Any phosphodiester bond hydrolysis involved in the conversion of a primary ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript into a mature rRNA molecule. [GOC:curators]


Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule. [GOC:curators]


endonucleolytic cleavage in 3'-ETS of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 3'-External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. In S. cerevisiae, endonucleolytic cleavage within the 3'-ETS of the pre-RNA, which may occur cotranscriptionally, is the first step in rRNA processing, and initiates a cascade of subsequent processing and modification events. [GOC:krc, PMID:10690410]


endonucleolytic cleavage to generate mature 5'-end of SSU-rRNA from (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage between the 5'-External Transcribed Spacer (5'-ETS) and the 5' end of the SSU-rRNA of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript, to produce the mature end of the SSU-rRNA. [GOC:curators, PMID:10690410]


maturation of LSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8 S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. [GOC:curators]


maturation of SSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8 S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. [GOC:curators]


Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 2S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 2S rRNA molecule. [GOC:curators]


Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 4.5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 4.5S rRNA molecule. [GOC:curators]


generation of mature 5'-end of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Cleavage within ITS2 to generate the mature 5'-end of an LSU-rRNA derived from a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. [GOC:curators, PMID:10690410]


endonucleolytic cleavage during rRNA processing


endonucleolytic cleavage of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage of a pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Primary ribosomal RNA transcripts with three genes, in this order, are produced in the nuclei of many eukaryotic species, including S. cerevisiae. [GOC:curators, PMID:10690410]


endonucleolytic cleavage in 5'-ETS of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 5'-External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 5'-ETS of the pre-RNA is conserved as one of the early steps of rRNA processing in all eukaryotes, but the specific position of cleavage is variable. [GOC:curators, PMID:10690410, PMID:15282326]


Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5S rRNA molecule. [GOC:curators]


maturation of 5S rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5S rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. [GOC:curators]


endonucleolytic cleavage of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage of a pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Primary ribosomal RNA transcripts with four genes, in this order, are produced in the nuclei of D. melanogaster as well as in those of other dipteran species. [GOC:curators]


cleavage between SSU-rRNA and 5.8S rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage between the SSU-rRNA and the 5.8S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. [GOC:curators]


cleavage between 2S rRNA and LSU-rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage between the LSU-rRNA and the 2S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. [GOC:curators, PMID:768488]


cleavage between 5.8S rRNA and 2S rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage between the 5.8S rRNA and the 2S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. [GOC:curators, PMID:768488]


maturation of 5.8S rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5.8S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5.8S rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 8.8S rRNA, the 2S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. [GOC:curators]


maturation of LSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. [GOC:curators]


maturation of SSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. [GOC:curators]


small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and a snoRNA to form a small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) complex. [GOC:krc]


box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and a box C/D snoRNA to form a box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) complex. [GOC:krc]


box H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and a box H/ACA snoRNA to form a box H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) complex. [GOC:krc, PMID:12515383]


fumarate reductase complex (i.e. FRD, involved in anaerobic respiration, repressed in aerobic respiration)


succinate dehydrogenase complex (i. e. SDH, involved in aerobic respiration, repressed in anaerobic respiration)


repressor ecdysone receptor complex location

A protein complex consisting of a heterodimer of Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (usp) plus an associated corepressor such as SMRTER, which represses transcription of target genes. [PMID:10488333]


activator ecdysone receptor complex location

A protein complex consisting of a heterodimer of Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (usp) bound to the ligand ecdysone, which activates transcription of target genes. [PMID:10488333]


Enables the transmembrane transfer of an anion by a voltage-gated channel. An anion is a negatively charged ion. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded. [GOC:mtg_transport, GOC:vw, ISBN:0815340729]


structural constituent of vitelline membrane

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the vitelline membrane of an egg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. [GOC:mah, GOC:sensu]


protein transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a protein from one side of a membrane to the other. [GOC:jl]


transmembrane cation transporter activity

cation transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cation from one side of a membrane to the other. [GOC:dgf, GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729]


inhibition of antimicrobial humoral response


ATP:DNA-directed RNA polymerase phosphotransferase activity


cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme activity


cholesterol side-chain-cleaving enzyme activity


8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine triphosphate (8-oxo-GTP) + H2O = 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine diphosphate (8-oxo-GDP) + phosphate. 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine triphosphate (8-oxo-GTP) is the oxidised form of the free guanine nucleotide and can act as a potent mutagenic substrate for transcription. [PMID:15878881, RHEA:60032]


long-chain acylglutamate amidase activity

long-chain fatty acyl-glutamate deacylase activity

long-chain fatty-acyl-glutamate deacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-long-chain-fatty-acyl-L-glutamate + H2O = a fatty acid anion + L-glutamate. [EC:3.5.1.55]


uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-glycopeptide beta4-acetylglucosaminyltransferase IV


poly-N-acetyllactosamine extension enzyme activity


easily solubilized mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase


overt mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase


Catalysis of the reaction: 4 hydroquinone + O2 = 4 benzosemiquinone + 4 H2O. [EC:1.10.3.2]


IAG-nucleoside hydrolase activity
IAG-NH activity

inosine-adenosine-guanosine preferring nucleoside hydrolase activity


arsenite secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of arsenite from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters. [GOC:jl]


monoamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of monoamines, organic compounds that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by an ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-), from one side of a membrane to the other. [GOC:mah]


secondary active organic cation transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of organic cations from one side of a membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction. [GOC:curators]


organic anion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage. [GOC:ai]


sodium-dependent multivitamin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: multivitamin(out) + Na+(out) = multivitamin(in) + Na+(in). Multivitamins include pantothenate, biotin and lipoate. [TC:2.A.21.5.2]


phosphatidylcholine transmembrane transporter activity


DNA glycohydrolase [2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-(N-methyl)formamidopyrimide releasing]


sodium-translocating P-type ATPase activity

sodium-exporting ATPase activity, phosphorylative mechanism

sodium transmembrane transporter activity, phosphorylative mechanism

sodium exporting ATPase activity, phosphorylative mechanism

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Na+(out); by a phosphorylative mechanism. [PMID:9224683]


6-phytase (name based on 1L-numbering system and not 1D-numbering)


sulfate starvation-induced protein 6 activity


N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase type I


N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase type II


carbon monoxide oxygenase (cytochrome b-561) activity


carbon monoxide:methylene blue oxidoreductase activity


aquocob(I)alamin vitamin B12s adenosyltransferase activity


Holliday junction endonuclease CCE1 activity


Holliday junction-resolving endoribonuclease activity


RusA Holliday junction resolvase activity


SpCCe1 Holliday junction resolvase activity


thymidine diphospho-4-ketorhamnose 3,5-epimerase activity


dihydrodipicolinic acid reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate + NAD(P)+ + H2O = (2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + NAD(P)H + H+. [EC:1.17.1.8]


L-aspartate-4-semialdehyde hydro-lyase [adding pyruvate and cyclizing; (S)-2,3-dihydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate-forming]


E. coli exonuclease III activity
E. coli exonuclease III


Escherichia coli endodeoxyribonuclease activity


Escherichia coli endodeoxyribonuclease X activity


Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + aminoglycoside = diphosphate + 2''-nucleotidylaminoglycoside. [EC:2.7.7.46, GOC:cb]


gentamicin 2''- adenylyltransferase activity


gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine:spermidine ligase (ADP-forming) [spermidine is numbered so that atom N-1 is in the amino group of the aminopropyl part of the molecule]


dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde phosphate (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)


glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP)


NAD-linked glycerol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol + NAD(+) = glycerone + H(+) + NADH. [EC:1.1.1.6, RHEA:13769]


acyl carrier protein synthetase activity


L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase-phosphopantetheinyl transferase activity


destomic acid ring 7''-O-phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + hygromycin B = 7''-O-phosphohygromycin B + ADP + 2 H(+). [EC:2.7.1.119, RHEA:23388]


hygromycin B phosphotransferase activity


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = (S)-lactaldehyde + NADH + H+. [RHEA:15933]


uridine diphosphate glucose:lipopolysaccharide glucosyltransferase I


long-chain fatty acid-[acyl-carrier-protein] ligase activity

long-chain-fatty-acid:acyl-carrier-protein ligase (AMP-forming) activity

long-chain-fatty-acid-[acyl-carrier protein] ligase activity

long-chain fatty acid [acyl-carrier-protein] ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + an acid + [acyl-carrier protein] = AMP + diphosphate + acyl-[acyl-carrier protein]. A long-chain fatty acid is fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22. [EC:6.2.1.20]


Catalysis of the specific cleavage of the beta-(1->4) glycosidic linkage between N-acetylmuramyl and N-acetylglucosaminyl residues in peptidoglycan, with the concomitant formation of 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramyl residues. Acts on linkages within peptidoglycan chains (i.e. not at the ends) to produce shorter strands with 1,6-anhydromuramic acid ends. [PMID:10964424, PMID:9642199]


peptidoglycan lytic transglycosylase activity

Catalysis of the specific cleavage of the beta-(1->4) glycosidic linkage between N-acetylmuramyl and N-acetylglucosaminyl residues in peptidoglycan, with the concomitant formation of 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramyl residues. [PMID:10964424, PMID:22748813]


inositol monophosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol phosphate + H2O = myo-inositol + phosphate. [EC:3.1.3.25]


Catalysis of the reaction: inositol phosphate(n) + H2O = inositol phosphate(n-1) + phosphate. This reaction is the removal of a phosphate group from an inositol phosphate. [GOC:ai]


inositol monophosphate 1-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol 1-phosphate + H2O = myo-inositol + phosphate. [EC:3.1.3.25]


myo-inositol-1(or 4)-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity


dihydroxynaphthoic acid synthetase activity

O-succinylbenzoyl-CoA 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate-lyase (cyclizing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-succinylbenzoyl-CoA + H+ = 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA + H2O. [RHEA:26562]


penicillin binding protein (3 or 1B) activity


sugar--PEP phosphotransferase enzyme I activity


PEP--sugar phosphotransferase enzyme II activity


PEP-dependent phosphotransferase enzyme II


phosphoenolpyruvate-sugar phosphotransferase enzyme II


ribonucleic acid formation factor, gene glC


methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein methyl-esterase activity


deoxyribonucleic acid modification methylase activity


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + streptomycin = 3''-adenylylstreptomycin + diphosphate + H(+). [EC:2.7.7.47, RHEA:20245]


isoprenoid alcohol kinase (phosphorylating)


phenylalanine biosynthetic process, prephenate pathway


phenylalanine biosynthetic process, shikimate pathway


chitin- and beta-glucan-containing cell wall biogenesis


chitin- and beta-glucan-containing cell wall


aminodeoxychorismate synthase complex location

A heterodimeric protein complex that possesses 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase activity. [PMID:2251281, PMID:7592344]


4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase complex location


ATP-dependent four-way junction DNA helicase activity

ATP-dependent four-way junction helicase activity

Unwinding a DNA helix of DNA containing four-way junctions, including Holliday junctions, driven by ATP hydrolysis. [GOC:al, PMID:22723423, PMID:9442895]


flagellar basal body, distal rod, P ring


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H(+)[side 1] + 2 oxidized plastocyanin + plastoquinol-1 = 2 H(+)[side 2] + 2 reduced plastocyanin + plastoquinone. This reaction involves the concomitant transfer of 2 H+ ions across a membrane. [RHEA:22148]


regulation of glutamine family amino acid metabolism

regulation of glutamine family amino acid metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline. [GOC:go_curators]


regulation of arginine metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid. [GOC:go_curators]


Binding to inositol hexakisphosphate. [GOC:go_curators]


inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate 3-kinase activity

inositol tetrakisphosphate 3-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate = ADP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate. [GOC:elh]


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate = ADP + diphospho-1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate. The isomeric configuration of diphospho-1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate is unknown. [GOC:elh, PMID:11311242]


inositol heptakisphosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate = ADP + bis(diphospho)-1D-myo-inositol-tetrakisphosphate. The isomeric configurations of the diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate (PP-IP5) and bis(diphospho)-1D-myo-inositol-tetrakisphosphate (bis-PP-IP4) are unknown. [GOC:elh, PMID:16429326]


inositol hexakisphosphate 4-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 4-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,5,6)pentakisphosphate. [GOC:elh, PMID:16429326]


inositol hexakisphosphate 6-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 6-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,5)pentakisphosphate. [GOC:elh, PMID:16429326]


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate = ADP + 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,6)pentakisphosphate. [MetaCyc:2.7.1.152-RXN, RHEA:12793]

inositol hexakisphosphate 5-kinase activity


inositol heptakisphosphate 4-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,6)pentakisphosphate = 4,5-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myoinositol (1,2,3,6)tetrakisphosphate. [GOC:elh, PMID:16429326]


inositol heptakisphosphate 6-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,6)pentakisphosphate = 5,6-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myoinositol (1,2,3,4)tetrakisphosphate. [GOC:elh, PMID:16429326]


A ubiquitin ligase complex found in the ER. [GOC:elh]


A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with misfolded luminal and membrane domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p. In mammals, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase HRD1 (Synoviolin) or AMFR (gp78). [GOC:bf, GOC:elh, PMID:16619026, PMID:16873066, PMID:21454652]


Doa10p ubiquitin ligase complex location

A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates membrane proteins with misfolded cytosolic domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Ssm4p/Doa10p. [GOC:elh, PMID:16873066]


Hrd1p ubiquitin ligase ERAD-M complex location

A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with misfolded membrane domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p. [GOC:elh, PMID:16873066]


Hrd1p ubiquitin ligase ERAD-L complex location

A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with misfolded luminal domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p. [GOC:elh, PMID:16873065, PMID:16873066]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of conidium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Conidia are non-motile spores produced via mitotic asexual reproduction in higher fungi; they are haploid cells genetically identical to their haploid parent. They are produced by conversion of hyphal elements, or are borne on sporogenous cells on or within specialized structures termed conidiophores, and participate in dispersal of the fungus. [GOC:di, GOC:dph]


The process that leads to the development of ascus, a sac-like structure produced by fungi of the phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi) in which sexually produced spores (ascospores), usually four or eight in number, are formed. [GOC:di, GOC:mah, GOC:mcc, GOC:pamgo_curators]


amino acid catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols. [GOC:krc, PMID:18281432]


amino acid catabolic process to carboxylic acid via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids. [GOC:krc, PMID:18281432]


aromatic amino acid family catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of aromatic amino acids to produce aromatic alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When an aromatic family amino acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan, is used as the substrate, 2-phenylethanol, 4-hydroxyphenylethanol, or tryptophol, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols. [GOC:krc, PMID:18281432]


branched chain family amino acid catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway

branched-chain amino acid catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of branched chain amino acids to produce branched chain alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When a branched chain family amino acid, leucine, isoleucine, or valine, is used as the substrate, 3-methylbutanol, 2-methylbutanol, or 2-methylpropanol, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols. [GOC:krc, PMID:18281432]


methionine catabolic process to 3-methylthiopropanol

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of branched chain amino acids to produce branched chain alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When methionine is used as the substrate, 3-methylthiopropanol is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols. [GOC:krc, PMID:18281432]


aromatic amino acid family catabolic process to carboxylic acid via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When an aromatic family amino acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan, is used as the substrate, 2-phenylethanoate, 4-hydroxyphenylethanoate, or 2-(Indol-3-yl)-ethanoate, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids. [GOC:krc, PMID:18281432]


branched chain family amino acid catabolic process to carboxylic acid via Ehrlich pathway

branched-chain amino acid catabolic process to carboxylic acid via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When a branched chain family amino acid, leucine, isoleucine, or valine, is used as the substrate, 3-methylbutanoate, 2-methylbutanoate, or 2-methylpropanoate, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids. [GOC:krc, PMID:18281432]


methionine catabolic process to 3-methylthiopropanoate

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When methionine is used as the substrate, 3-methylthiopropanoate is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids. [GOC:krc, PMID:18281432]


amino acid catabolic process via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce alcohols or carboxylic acids containing one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives, sometimes referred to as fusel acids, may be produced instead of alcohols. [GOC:krc, PMID:18281432]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the chlamydospore over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A chlamydospores is a mitotic (asexual) one-celled spore, produced primarily for survival, not dispersal, originating endogenously and singly within part of a pre-existing cell and possessing an inner secondary and often thickened cell wall. An example of this is found in Candida albicans. [GOC:mcc, GOC:mtg_sensu, ISBN:085199377X, PMID:14663094]


plant-type hypersensitive response
HR-PCD
plant hypersensitive response

The rapid, localized death of plant cells in response to invasion by a pathogen. [ISBN:0582227089]


sucrose:monovalent cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sucrose(out) + monovalent cation(out) = sucrose(in) + monovalent cation(in). [GOC:jy, TC:2.A.2.-.-, TC:2.A.2.4.1]


low affinity phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

low-affinity phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations. [TC:2.A.20.-.-]


inhibition of abscisic acid mediated signaling


activation of abscisic acid mediated signaling


stimulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling


embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo over time, from zygote formation until the end of the embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic life stage is organism-specific and may be somewhat arbitrary; for mammals it is usually considered to be birth, for insects the hatching of the first instar larva from the eggshell. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:mtg_sensu]


cell plate formation involved in cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall biogenesis

cell plate formation involved in plant-type cell wall biogenesis

The cell cycle process in which the cell plate is formed at the equator of the spindle in the dividing cells during early telophase. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. [GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:tb, ISBN:0879015322]


The side of the cell parallel to the zygotic axis. [GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:sm]


inhibition of gibberellic acid mediated signaling


activation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling


stimulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling


activation of flavonoid biosynthetic process


stimulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process


inhibition of flavonoid biosynthetic process


delta-pH-dependent protein transporter activity

twin-arginine targeting transmembrane transporter activity

proton motive force dependent protein transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the transfer of proteins from one side of a membrane to the other. Transportation is dependent on pH gradient across the membrane. [PMID:11526245, PMID:25494301]


Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of water within a cell. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


inhibition of cardioblast cell fate specification


inhibition of retinal cone cell fate specification


inhibition of auditory receptor cell fate specification


regulation of atrichoblast fate specification

Any process that modulates atrichoblast fate specification. [GOC:tb]


regulation of trichoblast fate specification

Any process that modulates trichoblast fate specification. [GOC:tb]


inhibition of ethylene mediated signaling pathway


inhibition of systemic acquired resistance


activation of abscisic acid biosynthetic process


stimulation of abscisic acid biosynthetic process


stimulation of cellular defense response


Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of aluminum ions at the level of a cell. [GOC:lr, GOC:mah]


plastid pyruvate dehydrogenase complex location

Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA; comprises subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). This complex is found in plant plastids and is distinct from the one found in mitochondria. [GOC:mtg_sensu, PMID:9393637]


7-hydroxychlorophyllide a:oxygen 7-oxidoreductase activity

7-hydroxy-chlorophyllide a oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NADPH + O2 + H+ = chlorophyllide b + NADP+ + 2 H2O. [EC:1.13.12.14, MetaCyc:RXN-7677]


ARD activity
acireductone dioxygenase activity


inhibition of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent pathway


auxin influx transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of auxin, from one side of a membrane to the other, into a cell. [PMID:16839804]


auxin efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of auxin, from one side of a membrane to the other, out of a cell. [PMID:16839804]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. [GOC:tair_curators]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of non-ionic solutes (e.g. mannitol, sorbitol) in the environment. [GOC:tair_curators]


Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of gibberellic acid; may involve transport, biosynthesis, catabolism or conjugation. [PMID:17194763]


regulation of salicylic acid metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving salicylic acid. [PMID:14765119]


The process that gives rise to a leaf. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. [GOC:tair_curators]


The side of the cell wall that is opposite to the side that faces the cell and its contents. [GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:tb]


Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the carboxyl group of an acceptor molecule to form a methyl ester. [PMID:17220201]


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a gibberellin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a gibberellin methyl ester. [PMID:17220201]


The separation of the multi-nucleate endosperm into individual cells. In many plant species, the endosperm that nurtures the embryo in the seed initially develops as a syncytium. This syncytial phase ends with simultaneous partitioning of the multi-nucleate cytoplasm into individual cells, a process referred to as cellularization. [PMID:12421698]


programmed cell death in response to singlet oxygen

singlet oxygen-mediated programmed cell death

Programmed cell death induced by singlet oxygen. Programmed cell death is the cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. [GOC:mtg_apoptosis, PMID:17075038]


A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a seed oilbody. Seed oilbodies are simple organelles comprising a matrix of triglyceride surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer embedded and covered with unique proteins called oleosins. Seed oilbodies supply the energy requirements for the growth of the seedling after germination. [GOC:jl, PMID:16877495]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of suberin monomers and suberin polyesters. Suberin monomers are derived from fatty acids and trans-cinnamic acids. The monomers are then cross-linked with glycerols. [PMID:17259262]


Catalysis of the reaction: L-galactose-1-phosphate + H2O = L-galactose + phosphate. [PMID:15550539, PMID:16595667]


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Li+(in) + H+(out) = Li+(out) + H+(in). [PMID:17270011]


Catalysis of the reaction: L-galactose + NAD+ = L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+. [PMID:12047629, RHEA:31559]


cellular response to magnesium starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of magnesium. [PMID:17270009]


The directed movement of lithium ion into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [PMID:17270011]


lithium ion export across the plasma membrane

The directed movement of lithium ion out of a cell or organelle. [PMID:17270011]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trehalose stimulus. [PMID:17031512]


Catalysis of the transfer of a prenyl group from one compound (donor) to homogentisic acid. [PMID:16989822]


Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisic acid + farnesyl diphosphate = 2-methyl-6-farnesylplastoquinol. [PMID:16989822]


Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisic acid + geranylgeranyl diphosphate = 2-methyl-6-geranylgeranylplastoquinol. [PMID:16989822]


Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisic acid + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate + 3 H+ = 2-methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinonone + CO2 + diphosphate. 2-methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinonone is also known as 2-methyl-6-solanesylplastoquinol and all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate as solanesyl diphosphate. [PMID:16989822]


The developmental process that pertains to the organization of a leaf in three-dimensional space once the structure has initially formed. [GOC:tb, PMID:16971475]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anion channel activity. [PMID:17319842]


negative regulation of anion channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the anion channel activity. [PMID:17319842]


regulation by blue light of anion channel activity

regulation of anion channel activity by blue light

Any process in which blue light modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anion channel activity. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb, PMID:17319842]


negative regulation by blue light of anion channel activity

negative regulation of anion channel activity by blue light

Any process in which blue light stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the anion channel activity. [PMID:17319842]


inhibition by blue light of anion channel activity


regulation of plant hypersensitive response

regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response

Any endogenous process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the plant hypersensitive response. [PMID:16255244]


regulation of ethylene biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an ethylene biosynthetic process. [GOC:tair_curators]


positive regulation of ethylene biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an ethylene biosynthetic process. [GOC:tair_curators]


negative regulation of ethylene biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an ethylene biosynthetic process. [GOC:tair_curators]


extracellular isoamylase complex location

A protein complex whose composition varies amongst species; in rice it probably exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form and in Gram negative bacteria as a dimer. Functions in the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages. Isoamylases in animals are localized in the extracellular space. [GOC:tair_curators]


A protein complex whose composition varies amongst species; in rice it probably exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form and in Gram negative bacteria as a dimer. Functions in the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages. Isoamylases in plants are intracellular and probably chloroplast localized. [GOC:tair_curators]


A region in which centric, heterochromatic portions from more than one chromosomes form a compact structure. [PMID:12384572, PMID:15053486, PMID:16831888]


A chromocenter adjacent to the nucleolus. [PMID:15805479]


regulation of gibberellin biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellins. [GOC:tair_curators]


regulation of gibberellic acid biosynthetic process


positive regulation of gibberellin biosynthetic process

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellins. [GOC:tair_curators]


positive regulation of gibberellic acid biosynthetic process


negative regulation of gibberellin biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellins. [GOC:tair_curators]


negative regulation of gibberellic acid biosynthetic process


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stomatal complex over time from its formation to the mature structure. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells. [PMID:17259259]


The regionalization process of establishing the non-random spatial arrangement of stomatal complex on the surface of a leaf. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells. [PMID:17259259]


The process that gives rise to the stomatal complex. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells. [PMID:17259259]


The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a stomatal guard cell. Guard cells are located in the leaf epidermis and pairwise surround stomatal pores, which allow CO2 influx for photosynthetic carbon fixation and water loss via transpiration to the atmosphere. [PMID:17259259]


temperature compensation of the circadian clock

The process in which the circadian clock maintains robust and accurate timing over a broad range of physiological temperatures. The circadian clock is an endogenous 24-h timer found in most eukaryotes and in photosynthetic bacteria. The clock drives rhythms in the physiology, biochemistry, and metabolism of the organisms. [PMID:16617099]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phaseic acid (PA), a catabolite of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA). [BioCyc:PWY-5271]


regulation of chlorophyll biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, from less complex precursors. [PMID:17291312]


The attachment of a peroxisome to a chloroplast via molecular tethers that physically bridge their respective membranes and attach them to each other. The tethering may facilitate exchange of metabolites between the organelles. [PMID:17215364]


cell wall polysaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cell wall polysaccharides. [GOC:tair_curators]


cell wall proteoglycan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cell wall peptidoglycan, a group of glycoproteins that consist of a core-protein backbone O-glycosylated by one or more complex carbohydrates. [GOC:tair_curators]


Binding to double-stranded methylated DNA. Methylation of cytosine or adenine in DNA is an important mechanism for establishing stable heritable epigenetic marks. [GOC:imk, PMID:17242155]


The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a COP9 signalosome. [PMID:17307927]


regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle

Any signalling pathway that modulates the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle, PMID:17329565]


The modification of histones by addition of a single ubiquitin group. [PMID:17329563]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-glucose and D-mannose. The mannose units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-glucose as single side-units. [GOC:tair_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactoglucomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-glucose, D-galactose and D-mannose. The mannose units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) decorated with a mixture of D-glucose and D-galactose side-units. [GOC:tair_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving galacturonan, a pectin polymer containing a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues. [GOC:tair_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving homogalacturonan, a pectin characterized by a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues that can be methyl-esterified at C-6 and carry acetyl groups on O-2 and O-3. [GOC:tair_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI), a branched pectin with a backbone of alternating alpha-(1->2)-linked rhamnose and alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues that carries neutral side-chains of predominantly beta-(1->4)-D-galactose and/or alpha-(1->5)-L-arabinose residues attached to the rhamnose residues of the RGI backbone. [GOC:tair_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhamnogalacturonan II, a low molecular mass (5-10KDa) pectic polysaccharide. The backbone of RG-II contains at least 8 1,4-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues. [GOC:tair_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving the pectic apiogalacturonan, characterized by a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues substituted with apiose and apiobiose (D-apiofuranosyl-beta-(1->3)-D-apiose) side chains via O-2 or O-3 links. [GOC:tair_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylogalacturonan, a pectin characterized by a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues substituted on C-3 with beta-D-xylopyranose residues. [GOC:tair_curators]