Advancement of the mitotic cleavage furrow from the outside of the cell inward towards the center of the cell. The cleavage furrow acts as a 'purse string' which draws tight to separate daughter cells during mitotic cytokinesis and partition the cytoplasm between the two daughter cells. The furrow ingresses until a cytoplasmic bridge is formed. [GOC:kmv, PMID:12707312]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a lactosyl-ceramide derivative in which a galactose is linked to the galactose via an alpha 1,3 linkage (vs alpha 1,4 for globosides). [GOC:hjd, PMID:22875802]


The directed movement of iron ions into the phloem from the xylem. [GOC:tb, PMID:24867923]


CUE1-UBC7 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2)

CUE1-UBC7 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme complex location

A protein complex capable of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme activity during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, UBC7 is the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) and requires binding to the ER surface by CUE1. [GOC:bhm, PMID:23028185]


A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 33 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. [PMID:24768539]


DNA damage repair complex location
DNA damage repair complex
DNA repair complex location

A protein complex involved in DNA repair processes including direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway. [GOC:bhm, PMID:17217467, PMID:20551348, PMID:22749910, PMID:24192350]


A trimeric cell-cell fusion complex that serves as a scaffold for zippering up the extracellular domains, bringing the transmembrane segments into close proximity such that they can continue zippering within the two membranes into one. Two prefusion monomers cluster at the surface of adjacent cells. Parallel EFF-1 interactions occur across cells and a third monomer, which can come from either cell, adds on to make an intermediate, extended trimer. [GOC:bhm, PMID:24725407]


A protein complex, at least composed of CUL7, CCDC8 and OBSL1, that is required for maintaining microtubule and genome integrity. [PMID:24793695, PMID:24793696]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cell wall damage. The process begins with detection of the damage and ends with a change in state or activity of the cell. [PMID:17287531]


A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the meiotic spindle pole body. [GOC:vw]


single-strand break repair via homologous recombination

The error-free repair of a single-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences. A strand in the broken DNA searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome to serve as the template for DNA synthesis. The restoration of two intact DNA molecules results in the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the intact DNA molecule and the broken DNA molecule. [GOC:bhm, PMID:24339919]


Any process which produces queuosine from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis. [GOC:vw, PMID:24911101]


Cus cation efflux system
Cus cation efflux complex location

Transmembrane complex that mediates resistance to copper and silver by cation efflux directly from the cell using the proton-motive force. Spans the inner membrane, periplasm, and outer membrane. Primarily activated under anaerobic conditions by CusR and CusS but also expressed under extreme copper stress, in aerobic growth. [GOC:bhm, PMID:23122209]


The regrowth of lost or destroyed epithelium. [GOC:sl, PMID:19845688]


mitochondrial ribosomal large subunit rRNA binding

Binding to a mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit RNA (LSU rRNA). [PMID:24206665]


The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [PMID:24785085]


The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [PMID:15918910]


The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [PMID:15918910]


Catalysis of the reaction: amino acyl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + (ADP-D-ribosyl)-amino acyl-[protein] + nicotinamide. [PMID:1899243]


Binding to a protein antigen. [PMID:9360996]


calcitonin gene-related polypeptide receptor complex location

Calcitonin-gene-related peptide receptor complex location

A transmembrane, G protein-coupled signalling receptor complex recognized by calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRP). [GOC:bhm, PMID:20826335]


Binding to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). [GOC:bhm, PMID:10882736]


calcitonin-gene-related peptide receptor signaling pathway

calcitonin-gene-related polypeptide receptor signaling pathway

calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) combining with a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor on the surface of the target cell. Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors may form dimers, trimers or tetramers. [GOC:bhm, PMID:10882736]


Binding to adrenomedullin (AM). [GOC:bhm, PMID:10882736]


adrenomedullin receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular adrenomedullin combining with a dimeric adrenomedullin receptor on the surface of the target cell. [GOC:bhm, PMID:10882736]


hercynylcysteine sulfoxide lyase activity (ergothioneine-forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: hercynylcysteine sulfoxide + 2H+ = ergothioneine + pyruvate + ammonium. [PMID:24828577]


hercynylselenocysteine lyase activity (selenoneine-forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: hercynylselenocysteine + 2H+ = selenoneine + pyruvate + ammonium. [PMID:24828577]


replication-born double-strand break repair via sister chromatid exchange

The repair of a replication-born double-strand DNA break in which the DNA molecule is repaired using the homologous sequence of the sister chromatid which serves as a template to repair the breaks. [GOC:rb, PMID:12820977, PMID:16888651]


cellular response to brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulus

A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulus. [PMID:21958434]


The release of snoRNA from pre-rRNA. [GOC:rb, PMID:16908538]


response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin-like growth factor stimulus. [PMID:21932665]


establishment of septation initiation network asymmetry

The septation initiation signaling process by which the activity of the septation initiation network (SIN) is activated asymmetrically on the spindle pole bodies. [PMID:22786806]


glyoxalase (glycolic acid-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glyoxal + H2O = glycolic acid. Catalysis occurs in the absence of a cofactor. [GOC:bf, GOC:PARL, PMID:22523093]


Rod-Zwilch-Zw10 complex
RZZ complex location
Rod-Zwilch-Zw10 complex location

A kinetochore component required for both meiotic and mitotic spindle assembly checkpoints. [PMID:12686595, PMID:15922598, PMID:20462495]


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein arginine = ADP + protein arginine phosphate. [GOC:imk, PMID:22517742]


homologous recombination-dependent replication fork processing

mitotic recombination involved in recovery from replication fork arrest

mitotic recombination involved in recovery from replication fork stalling

mitotic recombination involved in collapsed replication fork processing

mitotic recombination-dependent replication fork processing

Replication fork processing that includes recombination between DNA near the arrested fork and homologous sequences. Proteins involved in homologous recombination are required for replication restart. [GOC:mah, PMID:23093942]


homologous recombination dependent replication fork recovery


An electron-dense plaque at either end of a stereocilia tip link that provides the anchor in the stereocilia membrane. [PMID:19447093, PMID:21709241]


The directed movement of microRNA (miRNA) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GO:jl, PMID:24356509]


peroxisomal import pore
peroxisomal protein import machinery
peroxisomal importomer complex location

A protein complex responsible for transporting proteins into the peroxisomal matrix. An example of this complex is Pex14 found in S. cerevisae which has 9 core components and 12 transient interaction partners. [PMID:12667447, PMID:20154681, PMID:22375831]


Binding to a protein that is part of an extracellular matrix. [PMID:22355679]


priRNA 3' end processing
primal small RNA 3'-end processing

The process of forming the mature 3' end of a priRNA molecule. [PMID:24095277]


siRNA 3' end processing
small interfering RNA 3'-end processing

The process of forming the mature 3' end of a siRNA molecule. [PMID:24095277]


CSL-Notch-Mastermind transcription factor complex location

A DNA-binding transcription factor complex consisting of CSL and mastermind proteins in complex with the cleaved, intracellular domain of Notch. It is required for both repression and activation of Notch target genes. [GOC:bhm, GOC:dos, PMID:16530045]


An electron-dense plaque at the lower end of a stereocilia tip link that provides the anchor in the stereocilia membrane at the tip of the stereocilium from which the tip link rises. [PMID:19447093]


An electron-dense plaque at the upper end of a stereocilia tip link that provides the anchor in the stereocilia membrane on the side of the stereocilium where the tip link ends. [PMID:19447093]


The posttranscriptional addition of a methyl group to the 2' oxygen atom of a nucleotide residue in an snRNA molecule. [PMID:11842100, PMID:9844635]


The posttranscriptional addition a methyl group to the 2'-oxygen atom of a nucleotide residue in an U6 snRNA molecule. [PMID:11842100, PMID:9844635]


MAP kinase serine/threonine phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: MAP kinase threonine phosphate + H2O = MAP kinase threonine + phosphate and MAP kinase serine phosphate + H2O = MAP kinase serine + phosphate. [PMID:10398679]


activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to ER stress

upregulation of Pol II transcription induced by ER stress

stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to ER stress

up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of an endoplasmic reticulum stress. [GOC:bf, GOC:PARL, PMID:21113145]


ER stress-induced upregulation of transcription


up-regulation of transcription induced by ER stress


suppression of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter under ER stress

repression of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter under ER stress

down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to ER stress

ER stress-induced negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

reduction of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter under ER stress

negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of an endoplasmic reticulum stress. [GOC:bf, GOC:PARL, PMID:21113145]


inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress


nitrosative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to nitrosative stress; a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of nitric oxide (NO) or the highly reactive oxidant peroxynitrite, which is produced following interaction of NO with superoxide anions. [GOC:bf, GOC:PARL, PMID:23985028]


The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own threonine amino acid residues, or a threonine residue on an identical protein. [PMID:7803855]


Binding to an F-box domain of a protein. [GOC:bf, GOC:PARL, InterPro:IPR001810, PMID:12628165]


Binding to a U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle. [PMID:14713954]


Binding to a U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle. [PMID:14713954]


Binding to an exon-exon junction complex, a protein complex deposited by the spliceosome upstream of messenger RNA exon-exon junctions. The exon-exon junction complex provides a binding platform for factors involved in mRNA export and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. [GOC:sart, PMID:24967911]


Binding to a linear polymer of ubiquitin. Linear ubiquitin polymers are formed by linking the amino-terminal methionine (M1) of one ubiquitin molecule to the carboxy-terminal glycine (G76) of the next. [GOC:bf, GOC:PARL, PMID:23453807]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in the homeostasis of organismal or cellular pH (with pH < 7). pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. [GOC:BHF, GOC:go_curators, GOC:rl, PMID:10615049]


Parkin-FBXW7-Cul1 protein complex location

Parkin-FBXW7-Cul1 ubiquitin ligase complex location

Parkin/Cul1/F-box protein complex location

A ubiquitin ligase complex containing Parkin (PARK2), the F-box protein FBXW7 (also called SEL-10) and a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily; substrate specificity is conferred by the F-box protein. [GOC:bf, GOC:PARL, PMID:12628165]


nucleosome disassembly/reassembly complex location

A protein complex involved in the disassembly and subsequent reassembly of nucleosomes. It associates with the coding region of transcriptionally active genes where it interacts with the RNA polymerase II and affects its processivity during co-transcriptional RNA processing and maturation. It exists as a functionally independent part of the NuA4 complex. [GOC:bhm, PMID:24843044]


L-type voltage-gated calcium channel complex location

A type of voltage-dependent calcium channel responsible for excitation-contraction coupling of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle. 'L' stands for 'long-lasting' referring to the length of activation. [GOC:ame, PMID:12946355]


cardiac muscle L-type voltage-gated calcium channel complex location


skeletal muscle L-type voltage-gated calcium channel complex location


mitochondrion-endoplasmic reticulum membrane tethering

The attachment of a mitochondrion and an endoplasmic reticulum via molecular tethers that physically bridge their respective membranes and attach them to each other. The tethering may facilitate exchange of metabolites between the organelles. [PMID:19556461, PMID:27875684]


A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle involved in the degradation of peroxisome by macropexophagy. [PMID:22536249]


Binding to lipooligosaccharide. Lipooligosaccharides (LOSs) are the major glycolipids expressed on mucosal Gram-negative bacteria. [GOC:hjd, PMID:8894399]


Binding to a transferrin receptor. [GOC:pm, PMID:9819414]


Binding to a leptin receptor. [GOC:pm, PMID:22405007]


Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of iron ion. These include transport of iron away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of iron ion. [GOC:sart, PMID:23064556]


Omega-shaped (as in the Greek capital letter) intracellular membrane-bounded organelle enriched in phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and dynamically connected to the endoplasmic reticulum. Omegasomes are the first step of the formation of autophagosomes via the phagophore assembly sites. [GOC:autophagy, GOC:mf, PMID:18725538, PMID:24591649]


A protein complex that is anchored at the cortical face of the plasma membrane, and contains proteins involved in regulating cell cycle progression. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, lateral cortical nodes are several megadaltons in size, and contain Slf1, which anchors the complex at the membrane, and the methyltransferase Skb1 in stoichiometric quantities, and may contain other proteins. [GOC:mah, PMID:25009287]


D-2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyacid + a quinone = 2-oxoacid + a quinol. [EC:1.1.5.10, GOC:am, PMID:3013300, PMID:4582730]


(R)-2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase activity


D-lactate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactate + an ubiquinone = pyruvate + an ubiquinol. [GOC:pz, PMID:10944213, PMID:4575624, RHEA:51468]


aldehyde oxygenase (deformylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction a long-chain aldehyde + O(2) + 2 NADPH = an alkane + formate + H(2)O + 2 NADP(+). [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:22947199, RHEA:21440]


protein self-sumoylation
protein auto-sumoylation

The sumoylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein. [PMID:21518767, PMID:23443663]


NuA3a histone acetyltransferase complex location

A NuA3 complex that catalyzes the acetylation of Histone H3. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of Eaf6p, Nto1p, Sas3p, Taf14p, Yng1p and associates with H3K4me3 using Yng1p. [GOC:rb, PMID:25104842]


NuA3b histone acetyltransferase complex location

A NuA3 complex that catalyzes the acetylation of Histone H3. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of Eaf6p, Nto1p, Sas3p, Taf14p, Pdp3 and associates with H3K4me3 via Pdp3p. [GOC:rb, PMID:25104842]


rhi-del-cuff complex
rhi-del-cuff complex location
RDC complex
RDC complex location

Protein complex found in Drosophila consisting of the gene products of cuff, del and rhi. It regulates the licensing of transcription of dual-strand PIWI interacting RNA (piRNA) source loci by binding to dual-strand-cluster chromatin, probably via the H3K9me3-binding activity of Rhi. Rhi binding brings the putative termination cofactor Cuff in close proximity to the nascent piRNA precursor transcript which it appears to protect from degradation. [GOC:bhm, PMID:24906153]


Binding to piRNA clusters, double-stranded DNA regions that give rise to PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). [GOC:bhm, PMID:24906153]


Binding to uni-strand piRNA clusters, double-stranded DNA regions that give rise to PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) that map predominantly to only one strand and exhibit hallmarks of canonical Pol II transcription. Uni-strand piRNA clusters are found in many taxa. [GOC:bhm, PMID:24906153]


Binding to dual-strand piRNA clusters, double-stranded DNA regions that give rise to PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) where piRNAs originate from both DNA strands via noncanonical transcription. [GOC:bhm, PMID:24906153]


Binding to a ciliary targeting sequence, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize a membrane protein to the ciliary membrane. [GOC:krc, PMID:18256283, PMID:19575670, PMID:20603001, PMID:20697559]


A synaptic vesicle belonging to the pool that repopulate vacancies within the readily releasable pool (RRP) of synaptic vesicles, and require more significant stimuli than the RRP in order to release neurotransmitter; about 10-15% of the total number of synaptic vesicles at a resting terminal bouton are in this state. [GOC:pad, PMID:22745285]


resting pool of synaptic vesicles
reserve pool of synaptic vesicles

A synaptic vesicle belonging to the pool that remain unreleased even after prolonged stimulation causes a saturating degree of vesicular turnover. 50-80% of the total number of synaptic vesicles at a resting terminal bouton are in this pool. [GOC:pad, PMID:22745285]


MTREC complex location
Mtl1-Red1 core complex location
NURS complex location
Mtl1-Red1 core complex
PAXT complex
PAXT complex location
NURS complex

Protein complex formed by an RNA binding protein Red1, an RNA helicase Mtl1, Red5, Rmn1, Iss10/Pir1, and Ars2/Pir2. This complex is required for the recruitment of the nuclear exosome to Mmi1 nuclear focus. It is likely related to the human CBCN complex. This complex is also known as RNA silencing (NURS) complex. [PMID:24210919, PMID:24713849, PMID:32012158]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultrasonic stimulus. [PMID:20950932]


The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an mRNA molecule. [PMID:25192136]


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucuronate + inositol phosphorylceramide (IPC) = UDP + GlcA-IPC. [GOC:tb, PMID:25122154]


inositol phosphorylceramide glucuronosyltransferase activity


Clr6 histone deacetylase complex I'' location

A histone deacetylase complex involved in chromatin organization. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe this complex consists of Clr6, Nts1, Mug165, and Png3. [PMID:25002536]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactate (2-hydroxypropanoic acid) in the presence of oxygen. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:8941775]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactate (2-hydroxypropanoic acid) in the absence of oxygen. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:11133436]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid in the absence of oxygen. A fatty acid is any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:17329794]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lignin in the absence of oxygen. Lignin is a class of polymers of phenylpropanoid units. [DOI:10.1039/C3EE40932E, GOC:mengo_curators]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, in absence of oxygen. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:8561466]


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues, in the absence of oxygen. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:23079077]


archaeal proton-transporting A-type ATPase complex location

A large proton-transporting two-sector ATPase protein complex that catalyzes the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by a rotational mechanism, coupled to the transport of protons across a membrane and is found in Archaea. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:15473999, PMID:24650628]


archaeal A-type ATPase protein complex location


methane biosynthesis from methanol and hydrogen

methanogenesis from methanol and hydrogen

methane biosynthetic process from methanol and hydrogen

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methane from methanol and hydrogen. [GOC:mengo_curators, PMID:16347126]


regulation of cytoplasmic translation in response to stress

Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). [GOC:vw, PMID:16278445]


Any microtubule that is part of a mitotic spindle; anchored at one spindle pole. [GOC:vw]


partner of inscuteable-inscuteable complex location

Protein complex required for the asymmetric division of neuroblasts in Drosophila. Coordinates asymmetric localization of cell fate determinants with orientation of the mitotic spindle resulting in different daughter cells upon division. Localizes at the apical cortex of the neuroblast: Raps maintains, but does not initiate, Insc apically, while Insc segregates Raps asymmetrically. Complex appears to be conserved in mammals (composed of INSC and GPSM1 or GPSM2). [GOC:bhm, PMID:22171003]


eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-cup complex location

A protein complex that causes translational repression in Drosophila. Prevents assembly of ribosomes at the mRNA by interfacing with a sequence-specific RNA-binding protein leading to recruitment of the CCR4 complex and consequently, reduction of the mRNA's poly(A) tail length. The complex is also required for dorso-ventral pattern formation in the embryo. [GOC:bhm, PMID:14723848]


exon-exon junction subcomplex mago-y14 location

exon junction subcomplex MAGOH-Y14 location

Component of the core exon-exon-junction complex (EJC). Fairly conserved in eukaryotes; in Drosophila, consists of the Mago and Y14 (tsunagi) gene products. Important for coupling nuclear and cytoplasmic events in gene expression. Inhibits the ATPase activity of eIF4AIII (Q9VHS8) to ensure a stable association of the EJC core with the mRNA. [GOC:bhm, PMID:12730685]


Steps required to transform a dense core granule generated at the trans-Golgi network into a fully formed and transmissible dense core granule. Dense core granule maturation proceeds through clathrin-mediated membrane remodeling events and is essential for efficient processing of cargo within dense core granules as well as for removing factors that might otherwise interfere with dense core granule trafficking and exocytosis. [GOC:kmv, PMID:22654674]


The secretion of molecules (e.g. neuropeptides, insulin-related peptides or neuromodulators such as serotonin and dopamine) contained within a membrane-bounced dense core granule by fusion of the granule with the plasma membrane of a cell in response to increased cytosolic calcium levels. [GOC:kmv, PMID:17553987, PMID:24653208]


maintenance of fidelity involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication

maintenance of fidelity involved in mitotic DNA replication

mitotic DNA replication maintenance of fidelity

Any maintenance of fidelity that is involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication. [PMID:19185548]


A DNA replication process that uses parental DNA as a template for the DNA-dependent DNA polymerases that synthesize the new strands during the mitotic cell cycle. [PMID:16120966]


CDK8 kinase module
SRB8/9/10/11 complex
SRB8-SRB11 complex location
SRB8/9/10/11 complex location
CKM complex location
SRB8-SRB11 complex

Cyclin-dependent kinase complex which reversibly associates with the Mediator complex. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae it consists of SSN2, SSN3, SSN8 and SRB8. [GOC:bhm, PMID:12200444]


PYM-mago-RNA-binding protein 8A complex location

Protein complex involved in the disassembly of Mago-Y14 from the spliced mRNA during first round of translation, independently of the translational machinery. Conserved from fission yeast to humans. [GOC:bhm, PMID:14968132]


Piwi-associated RNA biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of piRNAs, Piwi-associated RNAs, a class of 24- to 30-nucleotide RNA derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism. [GOC:kmv, PMID:24696457]


Nuclear transcriptional repressor complex that is capable of negatively regulating CLOCK-BMAL-dependent transactivation of genes in a delayed negative feedback manner which generates circadian rhythms. [GOC:bhm, PMID:24855952]


CLOCK-BMAL transcription complex location

Transcription factor complex which interacts with E-box regulatory elements in target genes, including Period (Per1, Per2, Per3) and Cryptochrome (Cry1, Cry2), to activate their transcription during the daytime. The CRY-PER complexes inhibit CLOCK-BMAL1-driven transcription in a negative feedback loop to generate circadian rhythms. [GOC:bhm, PMID:23229515]


An RNA interference where the silencing signal spreads 5' along the target mRNA, outside of the initial target sequence. Typically involves the formation of secondary siRNAs formed when the initial mRNA target sequence functions as a template for 5' to 3' synthesis of new dsRNA. [GOC:pf, PMID:24369430]


An RNA interference where the silencing signal spreads 3' along the target mRNA, outside of the initial target sequence. Typically involves the formation of secondary siRNAs formed when the initial mRNA target sequence functions as a template for 5' to 3' synthesis of new dsRNA. [GOC:pf, PMID:24369430]


The pathway by which a ribonucleotide is removed from DNA and replaced by a deoxyribonucleotide. The ribonucleotide is incised by RNase H2, and further excised by an endonuclease. The resulting 1 nt gap is then repaired by DNA polymerase and DNA ligase. [PMID:12475934, PMID:22864116]


single-stranded 3'-5' DNA helicase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, in the presence of single-stranded DNA; drives the unwinding of the DNA helix in the direction 3' to 5'. [PMID:25165823]


mitochondrial pyrimidine nucleotide import

pyrimidine nucleotide import into mitochondrion

The process in which a pyrimidine nucleotide is transported across the mitochondrial inner membrane, into the mitochondrial matrix. [PMID:16194150]


Cut1-2 complex location
separase-securin complex location
Cut1-2 complex

A protein complex that includes separase (a protease which cleaves cohesin as part of chromosome separation) and securin, a protease inhibitor. Chromosome separation is inhibited until securin is degraded by the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC). [GOC:dos, GOC:vw, PMID:8978688]


m7G(5')pppN diphosphatase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of m7G(5')pppN diphosphatase. [PMID:22323607]


The process in which the nematode tail spike is generated and organized. An example of this process is seen in C. elegans, where the tapered tail spike is formed during embryogenesis by a filamentous process that passes posteriorly through hyp10, the tail ventral hypodermis; the filamentous process is formed by a binucleate cell, the tail-spike cell, that subsequently undergoes programmed cell death. [GOC:kmv, PMID:17329362, PMID:6684600]


Baculovirus Inhibitor of apoptosis protein Repeat domain binding

Binding to a Baculovirus Inhibitor of apoptosis protein Repeat (BIR) domain. [GOC:ha, InterPro:IPR001370]


A multiprotein complex that is involved in the transcription regulation of mating genes in the yeast S. cerevisiae. [GOC:rb, PMID:16782869]


A multiprotein complex that is involved in the transcriptional regulation of primarily filamentation genes, but also mating genes, in the yeast S. cerevisiae. [GOC:rb, PMID:16782869]


A protein complex that is involved in endocytosis in the yeast S. cerevisiae. [GOC:rb, PMID:20610658]


glycosylphosphatidylinositol-mannosyltransferase I complex location

A protein complex that is involved in the transfer of the four mannoses in the GPI-anchor precursor. In yeast S. cerevisiae this complex consists of Pbn1p and Gpi14p and in rat this complex consists of PIG-X and PIG-M. [GOC:dph, GOC:rb, PMID:15635094]


GPI-MT-I complex location
GPI-MT-I complex


A protein complex that functions as a phospholipid-translocating P-Type ATPase. In budding yeast, this complex consists of Cdc50p and Drs2p proteins, and is involved in the trafficking of transport vesicles between the late Golgi and the early endosome. [GOC:rb, PMID:15090616, PMID:22234261]


response to nickel ion stress
stress response to nickel
response to nickel toxicity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by a nickel ion stimulus. [GOC:kmv, PMID:25330323]


Dom34:Hbs1 complex
Dom34:Hbs1 complex location
Dom34-Hbs1 complex location

A protein complex consisting of one subunit known as Dom34 or Pelota that has similarity to translation termination factor eRF1, and another subunit, Hbs1, that is a GTPase with similarity to translation termination factor eRF3. The Dom34-Hbs1 complex has a role in cotranslational mRNA quality control by promoting ribosomal subunit dissociation and peptidyl-tRNA release when translation is stalled, facilitating no-go decay and nonstop decay. [GOC:mcc, PMID:20890290, PMID:21102444, PMID:21448132, PMID:22503425]


Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + thermospermine + H+ = S-adenosyl 3-(methylthio)propylamine + spermidine. [PMID:24906355]


neuron process maintenance
neuronal cell projection maintenance
neuron protrusion maintenance

The organization process that preserves a neuron projection in a stable functional or structural state. A neuron projection is a prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite. [GOC:kmv, PMID:25359212]


phosphoenolpyruvate transmembrane import into Golgi lumen

The directed movement of phosphoenolpyruvate into the Golgi lumen across the Golgi membrane. [PMID:25195688]


Any of the mitotic spindle microtubules that come from each pole and overlap at the spindle midzone. [PMID:16079915]


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + a xylan= CoA + an acetylated xylan. [PMID:25141999]


The directed movement of fructose substance from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. [PMID:10735857]


mitochondrial manganese ion transmembrane transport

The process in which a manganese ion is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion. [PMID:12890866]


mitochondrial citrate transmembrane transport

The directed movement of citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate, into or out of a mitochondrial matrix. [GOC:ai, PMID:20371607]


The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other into, out of or within a mitochondrion. [PMID:20533899]


mitochondrial S-adenosyl-L-methionine transmembrane transport

The process in which S-adenosyl-L-methionine is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion. [PMID:14609944]


mitochondrial ATP transmembrane transport

The process in which ATP is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion. [PMID:18485069]


mitochondrial thiamine pyrophosphate transmembrane transport

The process in which thiamine pyrophosphate is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion. [PMID:12411483]


mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid transmembrane transport

The process in which a tricarboxylic acid is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion. [GOC:vw]


mitochondrial phosphate ion transmembrane transport

The process in which a phosphate ion is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion. [PMID:9099701]


mitochondrial FAD transmembrane transport

The process in which FAD is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion. [PMID:14555654]


mitochondrial NAD transmembrane transport

The process in which NAD is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion. [PMID:16291748]


mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate transmembrane transport

mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate transmembrane transport

The process in which alpha-ketoglutarate is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion. [PMID:11013234, PMID:20371607]


mitochondrial 2-oxoadipate transmembrane transport

The process in which 2-oxoadipate is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion. [PMID:11013234]


mitochondrial 5'-adenylyl sulfate transmembrane transport

The process in which 5'-adenylyl sulfate is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion. [PMID:24296033]


mitochondrial 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate transmembrane transport

The process in which 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion. [PMID:24296033]


mitochondrial oxaloacetate transmembrane transport

The process in which oxaloacetate is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion. [PMID:10428783]


mitochondrial isopropylmalate transmembrane transport

The process in which 2-isopropylmalate(2-) is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion. [PMID:10428783]


mitochondrial sulfate transmembrane transport

The process in which sulfate is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion. [PMID:10428783]


mitochondrial malonate(1-) transmembrane transport

The process in which malonate(1-) is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion. [PMID:10428783]


mitochondrial coenzyme A transmembrane transport

The process in which coenzyme A is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion. [PMID:11158296]


An exosome complex that is assembled in the multivesicular body (MVB) membrane and chaperoned to the exosome by the ESCRT-III machinery. [GOC:bhm, PMID:22660413]


extracellular vesicular exosome complex location

A protein complex that is wholly or partially contained within the lumen or membrane of the extracellular vesicular exosome. [GOC:bhm, PMID:22660413]


Covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein UFM1 to a protein, forming an UFM1 chain. [PMID:25219498]


A protein kinase chaperone complex required for the proper folding, maturation and stabilization of target proteins (mostly signalling protein kinases, some steroid hormone receptors), usually during or immediately after completion of translation. The highly conserved, phosphorylated CDC37-Ser13 (vertebrates) or cdc37-Ser14 (yeast) is essential for complex assembly and target protein binding. CDC37-Ser13 (Ser14) is phosphorylated by Casein kinase II (CK2), which in turn is a target of CDC37 creating a positive feedback loop. Complex binding also prevents rapid ubiquitin-dependent proteosomal degradation of target proteins. [GOC:bhm, GOC:pad, GOC:PARL, PMID:21855797, PMID:22939624]


I(KACh) inward rectifier potassium channel complex location

An inward rectifier potassium channel complex expressed in cardiac muscle, specifically the sinoatrial node and atria, where it controls the heart rate, via regulation by G protein-coupled receptor signalling. In mammals it is composed of GIRK1 (or Kir3.1) and GIRK4 (or Kir3.4) subunits. [GOC:ame, PMID:9765280]


GIRK1-GIRK4 G protein-coupled atrial inward rectifier potassium channel complex location


Kir3.1-Kir3.4 G protein-coupled atrial inward rectifier potassium channel complex location


muscarinic potassium channel complex location


A protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex that in S. pombe consists of the proteins Dis2, Ppn1, and Swd22. [PMID:24945319]


The process in which UDP-N-acetylglucosamine is transported across a membrane. [PMID:10788474]


The process in which GDP-mannose is transported across a membrane. [PMID:9395539]


homologous chromosome movement towards spindle pole in meiosis I prometaphase

The process by which centromeres/kinetochores attach to and migrate along microtubules to become localized to clusters at the spindle pole body during a meiotic prometaphase I. [PMID:10366596, PMID:9009280]


telomerase reverse transcriptase:RMRP RNA complex location

A ribonucleoprotein complex that has RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) activity, and is composed of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and the non-coding RNA component of mitochondrial RNA processing endoribonuclease (RMRP). [GOC:bf, GOC:BHF, GOC:BHF_telomere, GOC:nc, PMID:19701182]


potassium ion import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of potassium ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. [PMID:9139127]


Any of the meiotic spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell. [PMID:10366596]


mitochondrial L-ornithine transmembrane transport

The process in which L-ornithine is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion. [PMID:9237680]


mitochondrial ornithine transmembrane transport


G-protein coupled glucose receptor activity

G protein-coupled glucose receptor activity

Combining with an extracellular glucose molecule and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex. [PMID:15667320]


The removal of a methyl group from the C-terminal amino acid of a protein. [PMID:11060018]


perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The membrane of the perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum, which is the portion of endoplasmic reticulum, the intracellular network of tubules and cisternae, that occurs near the nucleus. [PMID:25454947]


serine autophosphorylation in trans
serine transautophosphorylation

The phosphorylation of a peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine on an identical protein. For example, phosphorylation by the other kinase within a homodimer. [GOC:bf, GOC:PARL, PMID:21317875]


regulation of cytoplasmic translational termination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational termination. [PMID:11570975]


Increases the activity of the enzyme phospholipase D. [PMID:7972129]


A complex of accessory proteins (cardiac troponin T, cardiac troponin I and cardiac troponin C) found associated with actin in cardiac muscle thin filaments; involved in calcium regulation important for muscle contraction. [GOC:ame, PMID:12840750]


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose + a [protein]-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline <=> a protein-O-(beta-L-arabinofuranose)-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + UDP + H+. [EC:2.4.2.-, PMID:24036508]


A protein complex required for prokaryotic cell division (FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis). These complexes are assembled and recruited to the cell septum in a strictly controlled sequence and co-ordinate invagination of the cell membrane, inward growth of the peptidoglycan layer, constriction of the outer membrane and separation of daughter cells. [GOC:bhm, PMID:15165235, PMID:21784946]


FtsQBL complex location
FtsB-FtsL-FtsQ complex location
FtsB-FtsL-FtsQ complex

A protein complex required for prokaryotic cell division (FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis). Part of the divisome. Assembled independently of the other divisome components in the cytoplasm prior to transport to the cell septum. In E. coli consists of FtsB, FtsL and FtsQ. [GOC:bhm, PMID:15165235, PMID:21784946]


FtsB-FtsL complex location
FtsB-FtsL complex
FtsBL complex location

A protein complex required for prokaryotic cell division (FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis). Part of the divisome. Assembled independently of the other divisome components in the cytoplasm prior to transport to the cell septum. In E. coli consists of FtsB and FtsL. [GOC:bhm, PMID:15165235, PMID:21784946]


ATF4-CREB1 transcription factor complex location

Transcription factor complex consisting of ATF4 and CREB1 subunits that is capable of binding to cAMP response element (CRE) (consensus: 5'-GTGACGT[AC][AG]-3') as part of the positive regulation of transcription. Regulatory targets include the GRP78 (HSPA5) promoter in humans, whose activation by this complex is part of the ER stress response pathway. [GOC:bhm, PMID:12871976]


ATF1-ATF4 transcription factor complex location

Transcription factor complex consisting of ATF1 and ATF4 subunits that is capable of binding to cAMP response element (CRE) (consensus: 5'-GTGACGT[AC][AG]-3') of the GRP78 (HSPA5) promoter. Involved in the ER stress response pathway. [GOC:bhm, PMID:12871976]


asparagine transmembrane import into vacuole

The directed movement of asparagine into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane. [PMID:20388511]


A protein ufmylation process in which a polymer of the ubiquitin-like protein UFM1 is formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 69 of the UFM1 monomers, is added to a protein. [PMID:25219498]


nascent polypeptide-associated complex binding

Binding to nascent polypeptide-associated complex, a heterodimeric protein complex that can reversibly bind to ribosomes and is located in direct proximity to newly synthesized polypeptide chains as they emerge from the ribosome. [PMID:25487825]


Catalysis of the reaction: L-altrarate = 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate + H(2)O. [PMID:17649980]


mast cell secretagogue receptor activity

Combining with basic secretagogues to initiate pseudo-allergic reactions in mast cells. [GOC:sp, PMID:25517090]


The modification of histone H3 by the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 4 of the histone. [PMID:20299449]


IRE1-DAB2IP complex location
AIP1-IRE1 complex location
IRE1-DAB2IP complex

A protein complex consisting of IRE1 (inositol-requiring enzyme-1) bound to AIP1 (ASK1-interacting protein 1/DAB2-interacting protein). [GOC:bf, GOC:PARL, PMID:18281285]


3' overhang single-stranded DNA endodeoxyribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within 3' overhang single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks. [PMID:25203555]


Increases the activity of a single-stranded DNA endodeoxyribonuclease activator activity. [PMID:25203555]


5' overhang single-stranded DNA endodeoxyribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within 5' overhang single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks. [PMID:25203555]


A protein complex of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane that consists of IRE1 (Inositol-requiring enzyme-1), TRAF2 (TNF receptor-associated factor 2) and ASK1 (Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, a MAP3K). [GOC:bf, GOC:PARL, PMID:12050113, PMID:23000344]


Binding to an RNA molecule containing GU repeats. [PMID:20081200]


Generation of a 'twisting' activity resulting in the scission of a membrane, driven by GTP hydrolysis. [PMID:11242086, PMID:23530241, PMID:24515348]


mitotic spindle pole body localization to nuclear envelope


glutamate-cysteine ligase regulator activity

Binds to and modulates the activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase. [PMID:8103521]


acetolactate synthase regulator activity

Binds to and modulates the activity of acetolactate synthase. [PMID:8972574]


regulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation in response to stress

Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational initiation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). [PMID:16278445]


A LINC complex implicated in the connection of DNA double strand breaks to the cytoskeleton during DNA double-strand break repair. [GOC:vw, PMID:24943839, PMID:24947240]


mitochondrial magnesium ion transmembrane transport

The process in which a magnesium ion (Mg2+) is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion. [GOC:ai, PMID:11254124]


Kelch-containing formin regulatory complex location

A protein complex that regulates actin cable formation, polarized cell growth, and cytokinesis in a formin-dependent manner. In S. cerevisiae the complex is composed of Bud14p and two Kelch family proteins, Kel1p and Kel2p. [PMID:24828508]


The directed movement of magnesium ions out of mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [PMID:25585246]


GADD153-ATF4 complex location
CHOP/ATF4 complex
CHOP/ATF4 complex location
CHOP-ATF4 heterodimer
CHOP-ATF4 complex location
CHOP-CREB-2 complex location
GADD153-ATF4 complex
ATF4-CHOP heterodimer
CHOP-CREB-2 complex

A heterodimeric transcription factor complex that is composed of CHOP (C/EBP homology protein, GADD153) and ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4, also known as cAMP response element binding protein-2/CREB-2) subunits. [GOC:bf, GOC:PARL, PMID:18940792]


The modification of histone H3 by the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 9 of the histone. [PMID:25002536]


A receptor complex composed of two ANPR-A molecules and expressed in the heart atrium in mammals; it plays a major role in the regulation of blood pressure and salt-fluid volume homeostasis. Binding of the ligand AMP in response to atrial distension (high blood volume) leads to guanylate cyclase activity of the ANPR-A receptor complex, thereby elevating intracellular cGMP levels. The end result is a reduction in blood volume and, therefore, a reduction in cardiac output and systemic blood pressure. [GOC:ame, PMID:15117952]


Vps4-Vta1 complex location
Vta1-Vps4 complex
Vta1-Vps4 complex location


Vps4 complex location
VPS4 complex
VPS4 complex location


CHOP-ATF3 heterodimeric complex location

A heterodimeric protein complex that is composed of CHOP (C/EBP homology protein, GADD153) and ATF3 (activating transcription factor 3) subunits. [GOC:bf, GOC:PARL, PMID:8622660]


guanyl nucleotide exchange factor inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a guanyl nucleotide exchange factor. [GOC:vw, PMID:25635048]


negative regulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation in response to stress

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of cytoplasmic translation initiation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. [GOC:vw, PMID:12242291]


The membrane organization process that joins two mitochondrial outer membranes to form a single membrane. [GOC:vw, PMID:21385840]


The membrane organization process that joins two mitochondrial inner membranes to form a single membrane. [GOC:vw, PMID:17055438]


cardiac phospholamban complex location
cardiac phospholamban complex
phospholamban complex location

A protein complex found as a homopentamer of the phospholamban (PLN) protein in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane of cardiomyocytes. Cardiac PLN is a main determinant of muscle contraction and relaxation, by regulating intracellular calcium levels. [GOC:ame, PMID:16043693]


A protein complex consisting of IRE1 (Inositol-requiring enzyme-1), RACK1 (Receptor of activated protein kinase C 1, GNB2L1) and PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A). RACK1 acts as an adaptor to bridge an interaction between IRE1 and PP2A. [GOC:bf, GOC:PARL, PMID:20103773]


Binding to the protein-tyrosine kinase receptor ErbB-4/HER4. [GOC:sl, PMID:18523588]


submandibular gland branching morphogenesis

branching involved in submandibular gland morphogenesis

The process in which the branching structure of the submandibular gland is generated and organized. [PMID:15063181, PMID:20890964]


A type of punctate focus localized to the perinuclear region of germline cytoplasm in C. elegans. Mutator foci are required for RNA interference (RNAi) and serve as sites of small inhibitory RNA (siRNA) amplification. As such, proteins that localize to mutator foci include RNA-directed RNA polymerases (RdRPs) and beta-nucleotidyltransferases. Mutator foci are distinct from, but adjacent to or partially overlap, P granules. [GOC:kmv, PMID:22713602, PMID:25635455]


Binding to protein phosphatase 5. [PMID:8943293]


The dendrite of the dendritic tree that is closest to the neuronal cell body (the soma). [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, PMID:16899232]


A life cycle stage during which the reproductive capacity and fitness of an organism declines. [PMID:24914937, PMID:25523082, PMID:27353257]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prolactin stimulus. The anterior pituitary hormone prolactin has a number of roles including being essential for lactation. [PMID:7760850]


response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor stimulus. [PMID:9488469]


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 2,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 2,4-bisphosphate + phosphate. [PMID:15316017]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of iron ion. [PMID:16208485]


cellular response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor stimulus. [PMID:9488469]


The binding activity of a molecule that attaches the spindle microtubules to the kinetochore. [PMID:20723757]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prolactin stimulus. [PMID:7760850]


C/EBP transcription factor complex location

A dimeric, sequence specific DNA-binding transcription factor complex regulating the expression of genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Exists at least as alpha and beta homodimeric forms. Binds to regulatory regions of several acute-phase and cytokines genes and probably plays a role in the regulation of acute-phase reaction, inflammation and hemopoiesis. The consensus recognition site is 5'-T[TG]NNGNAA[TG]-3'. Transcription factor activity is inhibited by binding of CHOP forming heterodimers with alternative transcription factor activities. [GOC:bhm, GOC:pad, GOC:PARL, PMID:8657121]


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 4,5,6-trisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 4,6-bisphosphate + phosphate. [GOC:al, PMID:15316017]


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,4-trisphosphate + phosphate. [GOC:al, PMID:15316017]


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 2,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 2,4,6-trisphosphate + phosphate. [GOC:al, PMID:15316017]


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + phosphate. [GOC:al, PMID:15316017]


The multiplication or reproduction of sebocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A sebocyte is an epithelial cell that makes up the sebaceous glands, and secrete sebum. [GOC:hjd, PMID:16901790, PMID:18474083]


Binding to a 4 iron, 3 sulfur (4Fe-3S) cluster, an uncommon iron-sulfur cluster with unique properties found in oxygen-tolerant Ni-Fe hydrogenases of various bacteria. [GOC:am, PMID:23267108]


The clustering process in which t-SNARES are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. t-SNAREs are cell surface proteins which are part of secretory microdomain assemblies. [PMID:22528485]


transferase complex location, transferring nitrogenous groups

transferase complex, transferring nitrogenous groups

A transferase complex which is capable of transferring nitrogenous groups from one component to another. [GOC:bhm, PMID:25417112]


manganese ion storage
manganese ion retention
storage of manganese ion
manganese ion sequestration
sequestration of manganese ion
manganese ion sequestering
retention of manganese ion

The process of binding or confining manganese ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system. [GOC:bhm, PMID:25417112]


A protein complex composed of S100A8 and S100A9 and capable of limiting Mn(2+) and Zn(2+) availability at sites of infection. Also binds Ca(2+). Expressed and released by neutrophils and epithelial cells, it exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity attributed to its metal-binding properties. Endogenous ligand of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) initiating signal transduction through NF-kappa-B pathways. [GOC:bhm, PMID:25417112]


S100A8 complex location
S100A8 homodimer

A protein complex composed of a S100A8 dimer and capable of binding to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). [GOC:bhm, PMID:25417112]


S100A9 complex location
S100A9 homodimer

A protein complex composed of a S100A9 dimer and capable of binding to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) initiating signal transduction through NF-kappa-B pathways. Transports arachidonic acid between the cytosol and the NADPH oxidase complex at the plasma membrane in neutrophils as part of an inflammatory signal cascade leading to an oxidative burst. Complexes with microtubules to increase cell motility. [GOC:bhm, PMID:15642721]


dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (fumarate) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + fumarate = orotate + succinate. [PMID:1409592, RHEA:30059]


A transcription factor complex formed by two or more subunits of Nkx-2.5. Nkx-2.5 is an evolutionary conserved transcription factor important for the specification and differentiation of cardiomyocytes during heart development. It is also required for spleen development. It binds DNA either as a monomer, or a homodimer, or a heterodimer complex to activate or inhibit expression of genes. [GOC:ame, PMID:22849347]


Nkx-2.5 homodimer complex
Nkx-2.5 homodimer complex location
NKX.2-5 homodimer complex location


(A2.p11)2 complex location
AnxA2:S100A10 heterotetramer
AnxA2.p11 complex
AnxA2-p11 complex location
Annexin A2-p11 complex
(A2.p11)2 complex
Annexin A2-p11 complex location
(p11)2.(AnxA2)2 complex location
AnxA2.p11 complex location
(p11)2.(AnxA2)2 complex

A heterotetrameric protein complex comprising two Annexin A2 (AnxA2) monomers and two copies of its binding partner, S100 protein p11 (S100A10). [GOC:bf, GOC:BHF, GOC:nc, PMID:18799458, PMID:23483454]


PCSK9:low-density lipoprotein receptor complex location

A protein complex consisting of the serine protease PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9) and a low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). Interaction typically occurs through the epidermal growth factor-like repeat A (EGF-A) domain of the LDLR, and complex formation promotes degradation of the LDLR through the endosome/lysosome pathway. [GOC:BHF, GOC:nc, PMID:18250299, PMID:24440079]


PCSK9:ANXA2 complex
PCSK9.AnxA2 complex
PCSK9-AnxA2 complex location
PCSK9.AnxA2 complex location
PCSK9:ANXA2 complex location
PCSK9-Annexin A2 complex
PCSK9-Annexin A2 complex location

A protein complex consisting of the serine protease PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9) and annexin A2 (AnxA2). [GOC:BHF, GOC:nc, PMID:22848640]


vesicle fusion with ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) membrane

vesicle fusion with endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane

vesicle fusion with ER-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane

vesicle fusion with endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane of the ERGIC. This can involve anterograde or retrograde transport vesicles. [GOC:bhm, PMID:16038056, PMID:24119662]


ER-Golgi intermediate compartment derived vesicle fusion with ER membrane

endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) derived vesicle fusion with ER membrane

endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) derived vesicle fusion with endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around an ERGIC-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane of the ER. Such vesicles include COPI-coated transport vesicles involved in retrograde transport. [GOC:bhm, PMID:16038056, PMID:24119662]


vesicle fusion with Golgi cis cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi cis cisterna. This can involve anterograde or retrograde transport vesicles. [GOC:bhm, PMID:16038056, PMID:24119662]


vesicle fusion with Golgi medial cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi medial cisterna. This can involve anterograde or retrograde transport vesicles. [GOC:bhm, PMID:16038056, PMID:24119662]


medial-Golgi-derived vesicle fusion with Golgi trans cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a medial-Golgi-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi trans cisterna. Vesicles are involved in anterograde transport. [GOC:bhm, PMID:16038056, PMID:24119662]


intrinsic component of endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane

intrinsic component of endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) membrane

The component of the ERGIC membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane. [GOC:bhm, PMID:16038056, PMID:24119662]


The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the thin, flattened compartments that form the cis portion of the Golgi complex. [GOC:bhm, PMID:16038056, PMID:24119662]


The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the thin, flattened compartments that form the medial portion of the Golgi complex. [GOC:bhm, PMID:16038056, PMID:24119662]


The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the thin, flattened compartments that form the trans portion of the Golgi complex. [GOC:bhm, PMID:16038056, PMID:24119662]


mitochondrion inner membrane assembly complex location

mitochondrial inner membrane assembly complex location

A protein complex that promotes the biogenesis of mitochondrial F1Fo-ATP synthase by facilitating assembly of the peripheral stalk. Loss of INAC function causes dissociation of the F1-domain from the membrane-integral Fo-portion. [GOC:bhm, PMID:24942160]


inner membrane assembly complex location


The modification of histone H4 by the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 16 of the histone. [PMID:17446861]


The modification of histone H4 by the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 12 of the histone. [PMID:17446861]


response to melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a melanocyte-stimulating hormone stimulus. The binding of any one of three melanocyte-stimulating hormones causes dispersal of melanosomes in melanophores of poikilothermic vertebrates. [PMID:17036007]


protein phosphatase type 2A inhibitor activity


protein phosphatase 2 inhibitor activity


macrophage colony-stimulating factor:receptor complex location

A protein complex consisting of a macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1, also called M-CSF) dimer bound to a dimerized receptor (CSF1R, also called FMS). Receptor dimerization requires the presence of the ligand. [GOC:bf, GOC:BHF, GOC:nc, PMID:19017797]


DNA double-strand break attachment to nuclear envelope

A process in which the DNA double-strand breaks are attached to the inner surface of the nuclear envelope proximal to the spindle pole body, or iMTOCs. [PMID:24943839]


A macromolecular complex containing separate protein, lipid and RNA molecules. Separate in this context means not covalently bound to each other. [GOC:vesicles, PMID:21423178, PMID:22028337, PMID:23559634]


HDL-containing protein-lipid-RNA complex location

A protein-lipid-RNA complex containing separate high-density lipoprotein (HDL), lipid and RNA molecules. Separate in this context means not covalently bound to each other. [GOC:vesicles, PMID:21423178, PMID:23559634]


LDL-containing protein-lipid-RNA complex location

A protein-lipid-RNA complex containing separate low-density lipoprotein (LDL), lipid and RNA molecules. Separate in this context means not covalently bound to each other. [GOC:vesicles, PMID:23559634]


ER-derived vesicle fusion with ERGIC membrane

ER-derived vesicle fusion with ER-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane

endoplasmic reticulum-derived vesicle fusion with endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around an endoplasmic reticulum-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane of the ERGIC. Such vesicles include COPII-coated transport vesicles involved in anterograde transport. [GOC:bhm, PMID:16038056, PMID:24119662]


Golgi vesicle fusion with ERGIC membrane

Golgi vesicle fusion with ER-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane

Golgi vesicle fusion with endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a Golgi vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane of the ERGIC. Such vesicles include COPI-coated transport vesicles involved in retrograde transport. [GOC:bhm, PMID:16038056, PMID:24119662]


ERGIC-derived vesicle fusion with cis-Golgi cisterna membrane

endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) derived vesicle fusion with cis-Golgi cisterna membrane

ER-Golgi intermediate compartment derived vesicle fusion with cis-Golgi cisterna membrane

ERGIC-derived vesicle fusion with Golgi cis cisterna membrane

ER-Golgi intermediate compartment derived vesicle fusion with Golgi cis cisterna membrane

endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) derived vesicle fusion with Golgi cis cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around an ERGIC-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi cis cisterna. Such vesicles include COPII-coated transport vesicles involved in anterograde transport. [GOC:bhm, PMID:16038056, PMID:24119662]


medial-Golgi cisterna-derived vesicle fusion with cis-Golgi cisterna membrane

Golgi medial cisterna-derived vesicle fusion with Golgi cis cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a Golgi medial cisterna-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi cis cisterna. Such vesicles include COPI-coated transport vesicles involved in retrograde transport. [GOC:bhm, PMID:16038056, PMID:24119662]


cis-Golgi-derived vesicle fusion with medial-Golgi cisterna membrane

cis-Golgi-derived vesicle fusion with Golgi medial cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a cis-Golgi-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the medial-Golgi cisterna. Vesicles are involved in anterograde transport. [GOC:bhm, PMID:16038056, PMID:24119662]


trans-Golgi-derived vesicle fusion with medial-Golgi cisterna membrane

trans-Golgi-derived vesicle fusion with Golgi medial cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a trans-Golgi-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the medial-Golgi cisterna. Such vesicles include COPI-coated transport vesicles involved in retrograde transport. [GOC:bhm, PMID:16038056, PMID:24119662]


intrinsic component of cis-Golgi cisterna membrane

intrinsic component of Golgi cis cisterna membrane

The component of the Golgi cis cisterna membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane. [GOC:bhm, PMID:16038056, PMID:24119662]


intrinsic component of medial-Golgi cisterna membrane

intrinsic component of Golgi medial cisterna membrane

The component of the Golgi medial cisterna membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane. [GOC:bhm, PMID:16038056, PMID:24119662]


intrinsic component of trans-Golgi cisterna membrane

intrinsic component of Golgi trans cisterna membrane

The component of the Golgi trans cisterna membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane. [GOC:bhm, PMID:16038056, PMID:24119662]


USH2 quaternary protein complex location

A protein complex composed of four proteins, loss of which results in Usher Syndrome type 2 (USH2 syndrome), a leading genetic cause of combined hearing and vision loss. This complex is conserved in many species; in mice, it is composed of USH2A, GPR98 (aka ADGRV1), WHRN, and PDZD7. [GOC:krc, PMID:25406310]


The removal of palmitoleyl group, a 16-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid (C16:1), from a lipoprotein. [PMID:25731175]


Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoleyl group, a 16-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid (C16:1), to an acceptor molecule. [PMID:17141155, PMID:25731175]


Catalysis of a hydrolase reaction that removes a palmitoleyl moiety, a 16-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid (C16:1), from some substrate. [PMID:25731175]


establishment or maintenance of nucleolar chromatin architecture

Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of nucleolar chromatin. [PMID:18362178]


integral component of ER-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane

integral component of endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane

integral component of endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) membrane

The component of the ERGIC membrane consisting of the gene products having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. [GOC:bhm, PMID:16038056, PMID:24119662]


integral component of cis-Golgi cisterna membrane

integral component of Golgi cis cisterna membrane

The component of the Golgi cis membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. [GOC:bhm, PMID:16038056, PMID:24119662]


integral component of medial-Golgi cisterna membrane

integral component of Golgi medial cisterna membrane

The component of the Golgi medial membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. [GOC:bhm, PMID:16038056, PMID:24119662]


integral component of trans-Golgi cisterna membrane

integral component of Golgi trans cisterna membrane

The component of the Golgi trans membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. [GOC:bhm, PMID:16038056, PMID:24119662]


The multiplication or reproduction of cholangiocytes, resulting in the expansion of the cholangiocyte population. A cholangiocyte is an epithelial cell that is part of the bile duct. Cholangiocytes contribute to bile secretion via net release of bicarbonate and water. [PMID:24434010]


A protein complex involved in the assembly of the mitotic checkpoint complex that in turn inhibits the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). [GOC:bhm, intAct:EBI-10691224, PMID:22493223, PMID:22898774]


A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a presynaptic active zone. [GOC:pr, PMID:16865347, PMID:17068967]


MutS mismatch repair complex location
MutS mismatch repair complex
MutS complex location

A homodimeric mismatch repair complex involved in binding to and correcting insertion/deletion mutations. [GOC:bhm, PMID:21666597]


beta-catenin-ICAT complex location
CTNNB1-CTNNBIP1 complex
CTNNB1-CTNNBIP1 complex location

Transcription factor complex that inhibits binding of Tcf to beta-catenin while preserving interaction of catenin with cadherin thus inhibiting transcription mediated by beta-catenin-Tcf complex. [GOC:bhm, PMID:12408824]


HFE-transferrin receptor complex location

A protein complex containing at least HFE and a transferrin receptor (either TFR1/TFRC or TFR2), proposed to play a role in the sensing of transferrin-bound Fe (Fe2-Tf) on the plasma membrane to regulate hepcidin transcription. [GOC:BHF, GOC:kom, PMID:25147378]


Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 complex location

A protein complex that negatively regulates apoptotic processes. In human, this anti-apoptotic complex is a homodimer of BIRC5 (survivin) and provides one survivin molecule to the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC). [GOC:bhm, PMID:10949038]


Catalysis of the transfer of galactose from UDP-galactose to hydroxyproline residues present in the peptide backbone. [PMID:25600942]


mRNA coding region binding
mRNA coding sequence binding

Binding to an mRNA molecule coding sequence (CDS). [GOC:kmv, PMID:25805859, SO:0000316]


Part of the 9+2 axoneme, that occurs in most motile cilia, consisting of the pair of two single central microtubules and their associated structures which include the central pair projections, the central pair bridges linking the two tubules, and the central pair caps which are attached to the distal or plus ends of the microtubules. [GOC:cilia, PMID:21586547, PMID:9295136]


Part of the 9+2 axoneme, that occurs in most motile cilia, consisting of the two bridges which connect the central pair of single microtubules. [GOC:cilia, PMID:21586547, PMID:9295136]


Part of the 9+2 axoneme, that occurs in most motile cilia, consisting of the projections off of the central pair of single microtubules. [GOC:cilia, PMID:21586547, PMID:9295136]


One of two microtubules present in the axonemal central pair. It is distinguishable from the C2 axonemal microtubule (also called C2 tubule) by the presence of differing protein components of the projections. [GOC:cilia, PMID:21586547, PMID:9295136]


One of two microtubules present in the axonemal central pair. It is distinguishable from the C1 axonemal microtubule (also called C1 tubule) by the presence of differing protein components of the projections. [GOC:cilia, PMID:21586547, PMID:9295136]


regulation of FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis. [GOC:mah]


negative regulation of FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Ftsz-dependent cytokinesis. [GOC:mah]


positive regulation of FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Ftsz-dependent cytokinesis. [GOC:mah]


positive regulation of cell separation after cytokinesis


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic nuclear division, the process in which the nucleus of a diploid cell divides twice forming four haploid cells, one or more of which usually function as gametes. [GOC:ems, GOC:ma]


inhibition by virus of host cell division


activation of mucopeptide N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase activity


multi-ciliated epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a multi-ciliated epithelial cell. [GO_REF:0000086, GOC:sp, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:22231168, PMID:24934224]


inhibition of inward rectifier potassium channel activity


The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic tree are generated and organized into dendritic branches. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, PMID:23270857]


The very long and thin extensions of telocytes' cell surface, that have alternating thick and thin sections called podoms and podomers.


A membrane-bounded organelle of ciliated protozoan cells that contains a diploid copy of the cell's complete genome. Sections of contiguous sequence in the macronucleus are often interrupted by internal eliminated sequences (IES), and may be permuted, in micronuclei. Genic transcription is not found in micronuclei. Some ciliate species may contain multiple micronuclei per cell. [GOC:ns]


post-translational amino acid modification

posttranslational amino acid modification


co-translational amino acid modification


A nuclear viral factory formed at the periphery of the host cell nucleus by Baculoviruses. [PMID:18434402, VZ:1951]


An electron-dense acidic membrane-bounded organelle which contains a matrix of pyrophosphate and polyphosphates with bound calcium and other cations. [GOC:mb]


A nuclear viral factory formed by Baculoviruses. A vesicular structure in which virions are assembled. [PMID:13358757, PMID:1433508, VZ:1951]


up-regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity

up regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity

upregulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity

up-regulation of protein ubiquitination activity

positive regulation of protein ubiquitination activity

up regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity

up-regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity

up regulation of protein ubiquitination activity

upregulation of ubiquitin ligase activity

upregulation of protein ubiquitination activity

positive regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity

positive regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin protein ligase activity. [GO_REF:0000059, GOC:dph, GOC:TermGenie, GOC:vw, PMID:10921876, PMID:26216882]


down-regulation of serine-type peptidase activity

downregulation of serine-type peptidase activity

down regulation of serine-type peptidase activity


upregulation of serine-type peptidase activity

up-regulation of serine-type peptidase activity

up regulation of serine-type peptidase activity


The directed movement of proteins along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons. [GOC:dos]


An innate immune response that is positively correlated with host plant development. As a plant develops, its innate resistance to pathogenic infections increases. The mechanisms involved in age-related resistance differ in nature or in aspects of regulation from the hypersensitive response (HR), systemic acquired resistance (SAR), or induced systemic resistance (ISR). [PMID:17635216, PMID:19694953]


GPIb-IX-V complex
GPIb-V-IX complex
CD42
glycoprotein Ib-IX-V complex location
GPIb-IX-V complex location
GPIb-V-IX complex location

A transmembrane signalling receptor complex found exclusively on platelets. Involved in haemostasis and thrombosis where it aids blood coagulation. [GOC:bhm, PMID:1730602, PMID:23336709, PMID:25297919]


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-6-deoxy-beta-L-mannose + NAD+ <=> dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucose + NADH + H+. [GOC:pz]


OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete). [GOC:ai]

purine/pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate reduction


cellular response to 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine stimulus. [GO_REF:0000071, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:9321918]

cellular response to platelet-activating factor


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine stimulus. [GO_REF:0000071, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:9321918]


The directed movement of proteins along microtubules from the cell periphery toward the cell body in nerve cell axons. [ISBN:0815316194]


Catalysis of the reaction: D-glycerate + NAD <=> H+ + 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + NADH. [EC:1.1.1.-, GOC:pz]

tartronate semialdehyde reductase activity


The specific neuromuscular movement of a single organism in response to external or internal stimuli. [GOC:bf, GOC:PARL, PMID:25318560]


Catalysis of the reaction: [isocitrate dehydrogenase] phosphate + H2O = [isocitrate dehydrogenase] + phosphate. [PMID:6292732]

[isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)] phosphatase activity


neutral sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H(2)O + sphingomyelin = ceramide + choline phosphate + H(+) in a neutral environment. [GOC:dph, PMID:26493087]


Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + acceptor = product(s) of nitrate reduction + reduced acceptor. [GOC:dos, GOC:jh]


OBSOLETE. A protein complex that is capable of dephosphorylation of alky, aryl and acyl orthophosphate monoesters and phosphorylated proteins. Optimal activity in acidic environment (pH 4-6). In mammals it consists of a homodimer of ACPP. [GOC:bhm, PMID:12525165]

prostatic acid phosphatase complex location


A cell projection of a podocyte (glomerular visceral epithelial cell) forming a foot-like structure projecting from a podocyte primary projection, that wraps around capillaries of a renal glomerulus. Adjacent feet (pedicels) interdigitate, leaving thin filtration slits between them, which are covered by slit diaphragms. [PMID:25324828]


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a dipeptide with proline at the C-terminal <=> L-proline + a standard alpha amino acid. [EC:3.4.13.9]


chemorepulsion of DA axon
chemorepulsion of dopaminergic axon

chemorepulsion of dopaminergic neuron axon

The process in which a dopaminergic neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to a repulsive chemical cue. [GOC:bf, GOC:PARL, PMID:21106844, PMID:23517308]


activation of mature seedling resistance


downregulation of mutagenic postreplication DNA repair

down-regulation of mutagenic postreplication DNA repair

down regulation of mutagenic postreplication DNA repair


regulation of glomerular podocyte apoptosis


second meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition


first meiotic metaphase/anaphase transition


beta-catenin/T-cell factor complex location


beta-catenin/lymphoid enhancer binding factor complex location


Wnt-induced Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex location


galactose-containing glycoprotein complex location


potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4 tetramer


DNA incision involved in alternative excision repair

alternative excision repair, DNA incision


activation of Rhp51-dependent recombinational repair


activation of Rad51-dependent recombinational repair


activation of homologous recombinational repair


activation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination


upregulation of proteolysis within lysosome

up-regulation of proteolysis within lysosome

up regulation of proteolysis within lysosome


up-regulation of lysosomal proteolysis
upregulation of lysosomal proteolysis


positive regulation of proteolysis within lysosome


positive regulation of lysosomal proteolysis


activation of proteolysis within lysosome


activation of lysosomal protein degradation


activation of lysosomal protein catabolism


activation of lysosomal protein catabolic process


activation of cellular protein degradation in lysosome


activation of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome


activation of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome


activation of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome


negative regulation of proteolysis within lysosome


negative regulation of lysosomal proteolysis


inhibition of proteolysis within lysosome


inhibition of lysosomal protein degradation


inhibition of lysosomal protein catabolism


inhibition of lysosomal protein catabolic process


inhibition of cellular protein degradation in lysosome


inhibition of cellular protein catabolism in lysosome


inhibition of cellular protein catabolic process in lysosome


inhibition of cellular protein breakdown in lysosome


downregulation of proteolysis within lysosome

down-regulation of proteolysis within lysosome

down regulation of proteolysis within lysosome


down-regulation of lysosomal proteolysis

down regulation of lysosomal proteolysis


regulation of proteolysis within lysosome


activation of voltage-sensitive sodium channel


activation of voltage-gated sodium ion channel activity


activation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity

activation of voltage gated sodium channel activity


activation of voltage-dependent sodium channel activity


inhibition of voltage-sensitive sodium channel


inhibition of voltage-gated sodium ion channel activity


inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channel activity

inhibition of voltage gated sodium channel activity


inhibition of voltage-dependent sodium channel activity


upregulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation

up-regulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation

up regulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation


upregulation of AER formation
up-regulation of AER formation


positive regulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation


upregulation of apical epidermal ridge formation

up regulation of apical epidermal ridge formation

upregulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation

up-regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation

up-regulation of apical epidermal ridge formation

up regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation

positive regulation of apical epidermal ridge formation

positive regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apical ectodermal ridge formation. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:18359901]


negative regulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation


inhibition of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation


inhibition of apical epidermal ridge formation


inhibition of apical ectodermal ridge formation


down-regulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation

downregulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation

down regulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation


downregulation of AER formation
down-regulation of AER formation


regulation of crista ectodermalis apicalis formation


regulation of apical epidermal ridge formation

regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apical ectodermal ridge formation. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:18359901]


activation of viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition


activation of meiotic chromosome separation


activation of meiotic chromosome resolution


activation of chromosome separation during meiosis


inhibition of meiotic chromosome separation


inhibition of meiotic chromosome resolution


inhibition of chromosome separation during meiosis


upregulation of axonal protein transport

up-regulation of axonal protein transport

up regulation of axonal protein transport


positive regulation of axonal protein transport


activation of axo-dendritic protein transport


negative regulation of axonal protein transport


inhibition of axo-dendritic protein transport


down-regulation of axonal protein transport

downregulation of axonal protein transport

down regulation of axonal protein transport


activation of psychosine hydrolase activity


activation of glucosylsphingosine beta-glucosidase activity


activation of glucosylsphingosine beta-D-glucosidase activity


activation of glucosylcerebrosidase activity


activation of glucosylceramidase activity


activation of glucosphingosine glucosylhydrolase activity


activation of glucocerebrosidase activity


activation of GlcCer-beta-glucosidase activity


activation of D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase activity


activation of ceramide glucosidase activity


activation of beta-glucosylceramidase activity


activation of beta-glucocerebrosidase activity


activation of beta-D-glucocerebrosidase activity


activation of acid beta-glucosidase activity


inhibition of psychosine hydrolase activity


inhibition of glucosylsphingosine beta-glucosidase activity


inhibition of glucosylsphingosine beta-D-glucosidase activity


inhibition of glucosylcerebrosidase activity


inhibition of glucosylceramidase activity


inhibition of glucosphingosine glucosylhydrolase activity


inhibition of glucocerebrosidase activity


inhibition of GlcCer-beta-glucosidase activity


inhibition of D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase activity


inhibition of ceramide glucosidase activity


inhibition of beta-glucosylceramidase activity


inhibition of beta-glucocerebrosidase activity


inhibition of beta-D-glucocerebrosidase activity


inhibition of acid beta-glucosidase activity


upregulation of RNR
up-regulation of RNR


up-regulation of ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase activity

upregulation of ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase activity

up regulation of ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase activity


up-regulation of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity

upregulation of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity

up regulation of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity


up-regulation of ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate reductase activity

upregulation of ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate reductase activity

up regulation of ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate reductase activity


up-regulation of purine/pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate reduction

upregulation of purine/pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate reduction

up regulation of purine/pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate reduction


upregulation of nucleoside diphosphate reductase activity

up-regulation of nucleoside diphosphate reductase activity

up regulation of nucleoside diphosphate reductase activity


upregulation of class III ribonucleotide reductase activity

up-regulation of class III ribonucleotide reductase activity

up regulation of class III ribonucleotide reductase activity


upregulation of class II ribonucleotide reductase activity

up-regulation of class II ribonucleotide reductase activity

up regulation of class II ribonucleotide reductase activity


up-regulation of class II ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity

upregulation of class II ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity

up regulation of class II ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity


up-regulation of class I ribonucleotide reductase activity

upregulation of class I ribonucleotide reductase activity

up regulation of class I ribonucleotide reductase activity


up-regulation of anaerobic iron-sulfur-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity

upregulation of anaerobic iron-sulfur-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity

up regulation of anaerobic iron-sulfur-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity


upregulation of aerobic non-heme iron-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity

up-regulation of aerobic non-heme iron-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity

up regulation of aerobic non-heme iron-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity


upregulation of adenosylcobalamin-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity

up-regulation of adenosylcobalamin-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity

up regulation of adenosylcobalamin-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity


positive regulation of ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase activity


positive regulation of ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate reductase activity


positive regulation of purine/pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate reduction


positive regulation of nucleoside diphosphate reductase activity


positive regulation of class III ribonucleotide reductase activity


positive regulation of class II ribonucleotide reductase activity


positive regulation of class II ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity


positive regulation of class I ribonucleotide reductase activity


positive regulation of anaerobic iron-sulfur-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity


positive regulation of aerobic non-heme iron-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity


positive regulation of adenosylcobalamin-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity


activation of ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase activity


activation of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity


activation of ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate reductase activity


activation of purine/pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate reduction


activation of nucleoside diphosphate reductase activity


activation of class III ribonucleotide reductase activity


activation of class II ribonucleotide reductase activity


activation of class II ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity


activation of class I ribonucleotide reductase activity


activation of anaerobic iron-sulfur-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity


activation of aerobic non-heme iron-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity


activation of adenosylcobalamin-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity


regulation of ribonucleotide reductase activity


regulation of ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate reductase activity


regulation of purine/pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate reduction


regulation of nucleoside diphosphate reductase activity


regulation of class III ribonucleotide reductase activity


regulation of class II ribonucleotide reductase activity


regulation of class II ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity


regulation of class I ribonucleotide reductase activity


regulation of anaerobic iron-sulfur-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity


regulation of aerobic non-heme iron-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity


regulation of adenosylcobalamin-dependent ribonucleotide reductase activity


activation of lateral attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore


activation of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling


inhibition of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling


up-regulation of GNRP
upregulation of GNRP


activation of guanyl-nucleotide releasing factor


activation of guanyl-nucleotide release factor activity


activation of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity


activation of GDP-dissociation stimulator activity


inhibition of guanyl-nucleotide releasing factor


inhibition of guanyl-nucleotide release factor activity


inhibition of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity


inhibition of GDP-dissociation stimulator activity


downregulation of GNRP
down-regulation of GNRP


activation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signalling pathway

activation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway


inhibition of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signalling pathway

inhibition of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway


activation of parkin-mediated mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization


inhibition of parkin-mediated mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization


activation of synaptonemal complex formation


activation of synaptonemal complex assembly


activation of mitochondrial translational elongation


activation of mitochondrial translation elongation


inhibition of mitochondrial translational elongation


inhibition of mitochondrial translation elongation


activation of cerebellar neuron development


inhibition of cerebellar neuron development


activation of tight junction disassembly


activation of occluding junction disassembly


activation of occluding cell junction disassembly


inhibition of tight junction disassembly


inhibition of occluding junction disassembly


inhibition of occluding cell junction disassembly


activation of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in heart development


activation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development


activation of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in heart development

activation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development


inhibition of canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in heart development


inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development


inhibition of canonical Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in heart development

inhibition of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development


activation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation


activation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation


inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation


inhibition of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation


sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration


sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration


plasma membrane Ca-ATPase involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration


calcium-translocating P-type ATPase activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration


calcium efflux ATPase involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration


calcium ABC transporter involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration


dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration


plasma membrane Ca-ATPase involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration


calcium-translocating P-type ATPase activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration


calcium efflux ATPase involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration


calcium ABC transporter involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration


up-regulation of metalloproteinase activity

upregulation of metalloproteinase activity

up regulation of metalloproteinase activity


up-regulation of metalloprotease activity

upregulation of metalloprotease activity

up regulation of metalloprotease activity


positive regulation of metalloproteinase activity


positive regulation of metalloprotease activity


activation of metalloproteinase activity


negative regulation of metalloproteinase activity


negative regulation of metalloprotease activity


inhibition of metalloproteinase activity


downregulation of metalloproteinase activity

down-regulation of metalloproteinase activity

down regulation of metalloproteinase activity


downregulation of metalloprotease activity

down-regulation of metalloprotease activity

down regulation of metalloprotease activity


regulation of metalloproteinase activity


activation of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration


inhibition of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration


activation of regeneration of epithelium


inhibition of regeneration of epithelium


activation of antifungal innate immune response