downregulation of nuclear division
down-regulation of nuclear division
down regulation of nuclear division

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information. [GOC:ai]


Binding to a misfolded protein. [GOC:ai]


medium chain fatty acid metabolic process

medium-chain fatty acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving medium-chain fatty acids, any fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12. [Wikipedia:Fatty_acid_metabolisms]


medium chain fatty acid catabolic process

medium-chain fatty acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12. [Wikipedia:Fatty_acid_metabolism]


down regulation of guanylate cyclase activity

down-regulation of guanylate cyclase activity

downregulation of guanylate cyclase activity

negative regulation of guanylate cyclase activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of guanylate cyclase activity. [GOC:mah]


intrinsic to contractile vacuolar membrane

intrinsic component of contractile vacuolar membrane

The component of the contractile vacuolar membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having either part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor that is similarly embedded in the membrane. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


positive regulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle

upregulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle

positive regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle progression

up-regulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle

up regulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb]


establishment of floral organ orientation

The process that determines the orientation of the floral organs with reference to the central axis of the flower. [GOC:jid]


post-embryonic animal organ morphogenesis

Morphogenesis, during the post-embryonic phase, of an animal tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis pertains to process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. [GOC:jid]


cytosolic calcium ion concentration reduction

reduction of cytosolic calcium ion concentration

reduction of calcium ion concentration in cytosol

negative regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration

Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol. [GOC:ai]


isopentenyl diphosphate formation, mevalonate-independent pathway, during terpenoid formation

isopentenyl diphosphate synthesis, mevalonate-independent pathway, during terpenoid synthesis

isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent pathway, during terpenoid biosynthetic process

isopentenyl diphosphate formation, mevalonate-independent pathway, during terpenoid biosynthesis

isopentenyl diphosphate anabolism, mevalonate-independent pathway, during terpenoid anabolism


regulation of synaptic structural plasticity

regulation of synapse structural plasticity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synapse structural plasticity. Synapse structural plasticity is a type of cytoskeletal remodeling; this remodeling is induced by stimuli that can lead to long term potentiation and it can be activity-dependent or -independent. Examples of cytoskeletal changes include the formation of new spines and increase in spine size; this can be accompanied by the insertion of greater numbers of glutamate (or other neurotransmitter) receptors into the post-synaptic membrane. [PMID:11063967, PMID:14976517, PMID:9884123]


protein heterotetramer biosynthetic process

The formation of a protein heterotetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated subunits, of which not all are identical. [GOC:go_curators]


Binding to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties. [GOC:ai]


down-regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity

negative regulation of NGF receptor activity

down regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity

downregulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity

negative regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor. [GOC:ai]


stress-activated MAPK signalling pathway

stress-activated MAPKKK signalling pathway

stress-activated MAPKKK signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals in which a stress-activated MAP kinase cascade relays a signal; MAP kinase cascades involve at least three protein kinase activities and culminate in the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase. [GOC:ai, PMID:15936270]


reduction of calcium ion concentration in smooth endoplasmic reticulum

reduction of smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration

smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration reduction

reduction of calcium ion concentration in smooth ER

reduction of smooth ER calcium ion concentration

smooth ER calcium ion concentration reduction

negative regulation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration

Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. [GOC:ai]


regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) mobilization

regulation of release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+) into cytosol

regulation of cytoplasmic release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+)

regulation of release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+) into cytoplasm

regulation of cytoplasmic release of sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)

regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria. [GOC:ai, GOC:tb]


passive viral induction of innate immune response in host

passive viral activation of innate immune response in host

passive induction of host innate immune response by virus

passive induction of innate immune response in host by virus


down regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering

down-regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering

downregulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering

negative regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces long-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase. [GOC:jid, GOC:pj, ISBN:0582015952, ISBN:0697037754, ISBN:0709408862]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized, during the post-embryonic phase. [GOC:jid, GOC:rc]


up regulation of cytoskeleton organization

positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis

positive regulation of cytoskeleton organisation

up-regulation of cytoskeleton organization

upregulation of cytoskeleton organization

stimulation of cytoskeleton organization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. [GOC:ai]


diterpene phytoalexin anabolism
diterpene phytoalexin biosynthesis
diterpene phytoalexin synthesis
diterpene phytoalexin formation

diterpene phytoalexin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diterpene phytoalexins, terpenoids with 20 carbons produced by plants in response to environmental stresses. [GOC:ai]


downregulation of synapse structural plasticity

down regulation of synapse structural plasticity

down-regulation of synapse structural plasticity

negative regulation of synapse structural plasticity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse structural plasticity. [GOC:ai]


sensory perception of temperature stimulus

The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory temperature stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. [GOC:ai]


sensory perception, sensory transduction of light stimulus

sensory transduction of light stimulus during sensory perception

sensory perception, sensory detection of light stimulus

sensory detection of light stimulus during sensory perception

detection of light stimulus involved in sensory perception

The series of events in which a light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal as part of the sensory perception of light. [GOC:ai, GOC:dos]


cytosolic release of sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)

release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+) into cytosol

cytosolic release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+)

release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol

The process in which calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus or mitochondria are released into the cytosolic compartment. [GOC:dph, GOC:hjd, GOC:mtg_lung, PMID:1814929]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding. [GOC:go_curators]


down regulation of oxidoreductase activity

downregulation of oxidoreductase activity

down-regulation of oxidoreductase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. [GOC:ai]

negative regulation of oxidoreductase activity


down-regulation of behavior
down regulation of behavior
downregulation of behavior

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. [GOC:jid, GOC:pr]


negative regulation of cellular physiological process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. [GOC:jid]


negative regulation of viral reproduction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant. [GOC:bf, GOC:jl]


magnetoreception, sensory transduction of light stimulus

sensory transduction of light stimulus during magnetoreception

magnetoreception, sensory detection of light stimulus

magnetoreception, detection of light stimulus

sensory detection of light stimulus during magnetoreception

detection of light stimulus involved in magnetoreception

The series of events involved in magnetoception in which a light stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. Downstream processing of the light information in addition to other sensory data allows organisms to perceive the orientation of a magnetic field. [GOC:ai, GOC:dos, PMID:15886990, Wikipedia:Magnetoception]


intracellular alkalinization
elevation of cellular pH
cellular alkalinization
pH elevation in cell
cell pH elevation

Any process that increases the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion. [GOC:ai]


maintenance of nuclear protein localization

maintenance of protein location in cell nucleus

maintenance of protein localization in nucleus

maintenance of protein location in nucleus

Any process in which a protein is maintained in the nucleus and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration within the nucleus, protein stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that escape the nucleus. [GOC:ai]


adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion
adrenotropic hormone secretion
ACTH secretion
adrenotropin secretion
corticotropic hormone secretion

The regulated release of corticotropin by a cell. Corticotropin hormone is a polypeptide hormone synthesized and secreted from corticotropes in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) released by the hypothalamus. [GOC:cjm, PMID:11027914]


The process in which sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during meiosis. [GOC:ai, PMID:14730319, PMID:16325576]


inositol tetrakisphosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: inositol tetrakisphosphate + ATP = inositol pentakisphosphate + ADP. [GOC:ai]


Catalysis of the reaction: inositol trisphosphate + ATP = inositol tetrakisphosphate + ADP. [GOC:ai]


NOS biosynthesis
NO synthase biosynthetic process
NO synthase biosynthesis
NOS biosynthetic process

nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nitric-oxide synthase, an enzyme which catalyzes the reaction L-arginine + n NADPH + n H+ + m O2 = citrulline + nitric oxide + n NADP+. [EC:1.14.13.39, GOC:ai]


upregulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process

positive regulation of NOS biosynthetic process

positive regulation of NO synthase biosynthesis

up regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process

up-regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process

positive regulation of NO synthase biosynthetic process

positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nitric oxide synthase enzyme. [GOC:ai]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skin over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue. [GOC:jl, UBERON:0002097]


positive regulation of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the compound eye retina. [GOC:ai]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized floral cell acquires the specialized features of a sporocyte. Sporocytes are the haploid spores of angiosperms. Once formed, they undergo meiotic divisions to form microspores and megaspores. [GOC:tair_curators]


bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue development


gut-associated lymphoid tissue development


nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue development


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thymus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thymus is a symmetric bi-lobed organ involved primarily in the differentiation of immature to mature T cells, with unique vascular, nervous, epithelial, and lymphoid cell components. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


positive regulation of metalloenzyme activity


positive regulation of adrenotropin secretion

positive regulation of adrenotropic hormone secretion

positive regulation of adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion

positive regulation of corticotropic hormone secretion

upregulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion

up-regulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion

positive regulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion

up regulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion

positive regulation of corticotropin secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropin hormone from a cell. [GOC:ai]


regulation of calcium ion concentration in cytosol

cytosolic calcium ion concentration regulation

regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the cytosol of a cell or between the cytosol and its surroundings. [GOC:ai, GOC:mah, GOC:rph]


negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type II) biosynthesis

negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type 2) biosynthetic process

negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type II) biosynthetic process

negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type 2) biosynthesis

negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase 2 biosynthetic process

negative regulation of NOS2 synthase biosynthetic process

negative regulation of NOS2 synthase biosynthesis


gibberellin 12-aldehyde oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin 12-aldehyde + NADPH + H+ + O2 = gibberellin 12 + NADP+ + H2O. This is the third of three successive reactions resulting in the oxidation of ent-kaurenoate (ent-kaurenoic acid) to gibberellin 12 (GA12). [EC:1.14.13.79, MetaCyc:RXN1F-161]


short chain fatty acid biosynthetic process

short-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids with a chain length of less than C6. [Wikipedia:Fatty_acid_metabolism]


The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a microvillus. [GOC:mah]


The multiplication or reproduction of endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Endothelial cells are thin flattened cells which line the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]


baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure

The increase in nerve impulses from baroreceptors as a result of increased pressure on an artery that results in an inhibition of sympathetic nerve impulses to peripheral blood vessels. [GOC:mtg_cardio, ISBN:0323031951, ISBN:0721643949]


establishment of animal organ orientation

The process that determines the orientation of an animal organ or tissue with reference to an axis. [GOC:jid]


Development, taking place during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. [GOC:jid]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the notochord are generated and organized. The notochord is a mesoderm-derived structure located ventral of the developing nerve cord. In vertebrates, the notochord serves as a core around which other mesodermal cells form the vertebrae. In the most primitive chordates, which lack vertebrae, the notochord persists as a substitute for a vertebral column. [GOC:jid]


photoperiodic control of inflorescence development

A change from the vegetative to the reproductive phase as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light or dark of a given length. The length of the period of light or dark required to initiate the change is set relative to a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species. [GOC:jid, GOC:pj, ISBN:0582015952, ISBN:0697037754, ISBN:0709408862]


short-day photoperiodic control of inflorescence development

short-day photoperiodic control of flowering time

A change from vegetative to reproductive phase as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light that falls short of the critical day length. The critical day length varies between species. Although the term is short-day is used, most species actually respond to the duration of the night, so that the response will occur when a period of darkness exceeds the number of hours defined by 24 minus the critical day length. [GOC:jid, GOC:pj, ISBN:0582015952, ISBN:0697037754, ISBN:0709408862]


reduction of calcium ion concentration in cytoplasm

cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration reduction

reduction of cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration


elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration during G-protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)

elevation of calcium ion concentration in cytosol during G-protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)


elevation of calcium ion concentration in cytoplasm during G-protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)

elevation of cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration during G-protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)

elevation of cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration during G-protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)


upregulation of catagen
up-regulation of catagen
up regulation of catagen


downregulation of catagen
down-regulation of catagen
down regulation of catagen


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate + phosphate. [GOC:bf, PMID:9811831]


evasion or tolerance of defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction

evasion or tolerance of defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction


type 2 corticotropin releasing factor receptor binding

type 2 corticotropin-releasing factor receptor binding

corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 binding

Binding to a corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 2 (CRHR2). The CRHR2 has several splice variants that are located in sub-cortical areas of the brain and in the periphery. [PMID:15134857]


establishment of meiotic spindle localisation

spindle positioning involved in meiotic cell cycle

establishment of meiotic spindle localization

The cell cycle process in which the directed movement of the meiotic spindle to a specific location in the cell occurs. [GOC:ai]


anterograde axonal transport of synaptic vesicle

The directed movement of synaptic vesicle along axonal microtubules from the cell body to the presynapse. [GOC:jid, GOC:lmg]


magnetoreception, sensory perception of mechanical stimulus

magnetoreception, using mechanical stimulus

magnetoreception through mechanical stimulus

magnetoreception by sensory perception of mechanical stimulus

The series of events required for an organism to receive a mechanical stimulus relating to a magnetic field, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. A magnetic field exerts a torque on a ferromagnetic material (e.g. magnetite) or on a material with diamagnetic anisotropy; organisms that can detect this torque can use it to determine the orientation of the magnetic field. [GOC:ai, PMID:15886990, Wikipedia:Magnetoception]


attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in homologous chromosome segregation

attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore involved in meiosis I

monopolar spindle attachment to meiosis I kinetochore

The process in which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex during meiosis I. During meiosis I sister kinetochores are lying next to each other facing the same spindle pole and monopolar attachment of the chromatid to the spindle occurs. [GOC:ai, GOC:clt, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


protein retention in nucleus
nuclear protein retention


negative regulation of adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion

downregulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion

negative regulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion

down regulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion

negative regulation of corticotropic hormone secretion

negative regulation of adrenotropin secretion

down-regulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion

negative regulation of adrenotropic hormone secretion

negative regulation of corticotropin secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropic hormone from a cell. [GOC:ai]


Catalysis of the reaction: UTP + a monosaccharide 1-phosphate = diphosphate + UDP-monosaccharide. [EC:2.7.7.64, PMID:15326166]


phosphoglucan, water dikinase activity
PWD
OK1

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [phospho-alpha-glucan] + H2O = AMP + O-phospho-[phospho-alpha-glucan] + phosphate. [EC:2.7.9.5, PMID:15618411]

ATP:phospho-alpha-glucan, water phosphotransferase activity


Catalysis of the reaction: mannan(n) + GDP-mannose = mannan(n+1) + GDP. This reaction is the formation of the beta-(1->4)-linked mannan backbone in substrates such as galactomannan. [PMID:14726589]


centromeric meiotic sister chromatin cohesion

meiotic sister chromatid cohesion at centromere

sister chromatid cohesion at centromere at meiosis I

meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric

The cell cycle process in which centromeres of sister chromatids are joined during meiosis. [PMID:14730319, PMID:16325576]


meiotic sister chromatid centromere separation

The cell cycle process in which the centromeres of sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during meiosis. [GOC:ai, PMID:14730319, PMID:16325576]


negative regulation of NO synthase biosynthetic process

negative regulation of NOS biosynthetic process

downregulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process

down regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process

down-regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process

negative regulation of NO synthase biosynthesis

negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nitric-oxide synthase enzyme. [GOC:ai]


regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type II) biosynthetic process

regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type 2) biosynthesis

regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type II) biosynthesis

regulation of NOS2 synthase biosynthetic process

regulation of nitric-oxide synthase 2 biosynthetic process

regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type 2) biosynthetic process

regulation of NOS2 synthase biosynthesis


upregulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization

up-regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization

up regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization

positive regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization. [GOC:mah]


Binding to phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3' and 4' positions. [GOC:bf, GOC:go_curators]


pyrimidine fermentation
pyrimidine base fermentation

The anaerobic conversion of pyrimidine nucleobases, yielding energy in the form of ATP. [GOC:jl]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular respiration, the enzymatic release of energy from organic compounds. [GOC:jl]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells. [GOC:curators]


single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate

A process in which microorganisms of the same species attach to and grow on an inanimate surface such as a rock or pipe, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in an alteration in the phenotype of the organisms with respect to growth rate and gene transcription. [GOC:cc]


The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group, that is embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death

Programmed cell death that occurs in the retina to remove excess cells between ommatidia, thus resulting in a hexagonal lattice, precise with respect to cell number and position surrounding each ommatidium. [PMID:12006672]


induction of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a steroid hormone stimulus. [GOC:go_curators]


gut morphogenesis
alimentary canal morphogenesis
gastrointestinal tract morphogenesis
digestive tube morphogenesis
intestinal morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. [GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, PMID:12618131]


down-regulation of pinocytosis
down regulation of pinocytosis
downregulation of pinocytosis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pinocytosis. Pinocytosis is the process in which cells take in liquid material from their external environment; literally 'cell drinking'. Liquid is enclosed in vesicles, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane. These vesicles then move into the cell and pass their contents to endosomes. [GOC:go_curators]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cortisol from a cell. [GOC:ai]


The series of events by which a steroid hormone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of ectoine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid) is a tetrahydropyrimidine commonly synthesized by halophilic bacteria. [GOC:ai]


glucosylglycerol anabolism
glucosylglycerol biosynthesis
glucosylglycerol formation
glucosylglycerol synthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosylglycerol, alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-(1,2)-glycerol. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannosylglycerate, a very common compatible solute in thermophilic and hyperthermophilic organisms. [GOC:ai, PMID:11562374]


positive regulation of NOS2 synthase biosynthetic process

stimulation of nitric-oxide synthase 2 biosynthetic process

positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type 2) biosynthesis

activation of nitric-oxide synthase 2 biosynthetic process

positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type 2) biosynthetic process

positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type II) biosynthetic process

positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase 2 biosynthetic process

positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type II) biosynthesis

positive regulation of NOS2 synthase biosynthesis


ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ent-kaurenoate + NADPH + O2 = ent-7-alpha-hydroxykaurenoate + NADP+ + H2O. This is the first of three successive reactions resulting in the oxidation of ent-kaurenoate (ent-kaurenoic acid) to gibberellin 12 (GA12). [EC:1.14.13.79, MetaCyc:RXN1F-159]


Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a nutrient stimulus. [GOC:ai]


down regulation of cell division
downregulation of cell division
down-regulation of cell division

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell division. [GOC:ai]


Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH(2). Note that this reaction has only been observed to occur in the opposite direction. [EC:1.3.99.23, RHEA:19193]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a misfolded protein stimulus. [GOC:go_curators]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ear is the sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0192801023]


single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism

A process in which microorganisms of the same species attach to and grow in or on a host species, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in a change in the microorganisms' growth rate and gene transcription. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:cc]


replication fork blocking at rDNA repeats

replication fork arrest at ribosomal DNA repeats

A process that impedes the progress of the DNA replication fork at natural replication fork pausing sites within the eukaryotic rDNA repeat spacer. [GOC:mah, GOC:vw]


virus entry into host cell
virion penetration
viral penetration
entry of virus into host cell
phage translocation
virion penetration into host cell

The process that occurs after viral attachment by which a virus, or viral nucleic acid, breaches the plasma membrane or cell envelope and enters the host cell. The process ends when the viral nucleic acid is released into the host cell cytoplasm. [GOC:jl]


activation of host immune response by virus

induction by virus of host immune response

The induction by a virus of an immune response in the host organism. [GOC:jl]


Morphogenesis, during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. [GOC:jid]


The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a photosystem I complex on the thylakoid membrane. [GOC:go_curators]


gut development
intestine development
intestinal development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. [GOC:go_curators]


Development, taking place during the post-embryonic phase of an animal tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. [GOC:jid]


short-night photoperiodism
response to long-day
response to short-night

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a day length that exceeds a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species. Although the term long-day is used, most species actually respond to the duration of the night, so that the response will occur when a period of darkness falls short of the number of hours defined by 24 hours minus the critical day length. [GOC:jid, GOC:pj, ISBN:0582015952, ISBN:0697037754, ISBN:0709408862]


upregulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering

up-regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering

up regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering

positive regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering

Any process that activates, maintains or increases short-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase. [GOC:jid, GOC:pj, ISBN:0582015952, ISBN:0697037754, ISBN:0709408862]


mevalonate-independent terpenoid biosynthetic process

terpenoid biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoids, independent of mevalonate. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in terpenoid biosynthesis, and in mevalonate-independent biosynthesis, it is produced from pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate via intermediates including 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate. [GOC:ai]


terpenoid biosynthetic process, mevalonate-dependent

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoids via isopentenyl diphosphate, synthesized by the mevalonate pathway. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in terpenoid biosynthesis, and in mevalonate-dependent terpenoid biosynthesis, acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, is converted to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) through a series of mevalonate intermediates. [GOC:ai]


isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway, during terpenoid biosynthetic process

isopentenyl diphosphate formation, mevalonate pathway, during terpenoid formation

isopentenyl diphosphate formation, mevalonate pathway, during terpenoid biosynthesis

isopentenyl diphosphate synthesis, mevalonate pathway, during terpenoid synthesis

isopentenyl diphosphate anabolism, mevalonate pathway, during terpenoid anabolism


microtubule nucleation by microtubule organising centre

microtubule organizing center-mediated microtubule nucleation

microtubule nucleation by microtubule organizing center

The 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, mediated by the microtubule organizing center. [GOC:ai]


down regulation of cortisol secretion
down-regulation of cortisol secretion
downregulation of cortisol secretion

negative regulation of cortisol secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cortisol from a cell. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of adenine nucleotides, ATP, ADP, and/or AMP, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]


benzalcoumaran-3-one metabolism
benzalcoumaran-3-one metabolic process
aurone metabolism

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aurones, a series of plant flavonoids that provide a yellow colour to flowers. They have the basic skeletal structure of two benzene rings joined by a linear C3 chain (C6-C3-C6). Aurones exist mostly as 6-O-glucosides. [PMID:20035037]


regulation of calcium ion concentration in smooth ER

calcium ion homeostasis in smooth endoplasmic reticulum

regulation of calcium ion concentration in smooth endoplasmic reticulum

smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration regulation

smooth ER calcium ion concentration regulation

regulation of smooth ER calcium ion concentration

regulation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration

smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings. [GOC:ai, GOC:mah]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylglyoxal stimulus. Methylglyoxal is a 2-oxoaldehyde derived from propanal. [GOC:ai]


thiamin pyrophosphate ABC transporter
thiamine ABC transporter

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + thiamine(out) = ADP + H(+) + phosphate + thiamine(in). [PMID:12175925, PMID:9535878, RHEA:29811]


positive regulation of sequestration of calcium ion (Ca2+)

positive regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) sequestration

upregulation of sequestering of calcium ion

up-regulation of sequestering of calcium ion

positive regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) storage

positive regulation of sequestering of calcium ion (Ca2+)

positive regulation of storage of calcium ion (Ca2+)

positive regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) sequestering

up regulation of sequestering of calcium ion

positive regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) retention

positive regulation of retention of calcium ion (Ca2+)

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system. [GOC:ai]


establishment of spindle orientation involved in meiotic cell cycle

establishment of spindle orientation during meiosis

establishment of meiotic spindle orientation

Any process that set the alignment of meiotic spindle relative to other cellular structures. [GOC:ai]


spindle pole body organization and biogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the spindle pole body (SPB). The SPB is the microtubule organizing center in fungi, and is functionally homologous to the animal cell centrosome. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah]


passive viral activation of cell-mediated immune response in host

passive viral induction of cell-mediated immune response in host

passive induction of host cell-mediated immune response by virus

passive induction of cell-mediated immune response in host by virus


down regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering

down-regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering

downregulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering

negative regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces short-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase. [GOC:jid, GOC:pj, ISBN:0582015952, ISBN:0697037754, ISBN:0709408862]


up-regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering

up regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering

upregulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering

positive regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering

Any process that activates, maintains or increases long-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase. [GOC:jid, GOC:pj, ISBN:0582015952, ISBN:0697037754, ISBN:0709408862]


downregulation of post-embryonic development

down regulation of post-embryonic development

down-regulation of post-embryonic development

negative regulation of post-embryonic development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. [GOC:jid]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. [GOC:jid]


upregulation of response to stimulus
up regulation of response to stimulus
up-regulation of response to stimulus

positive regulation of response to stimulus

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. [GOC:jid]


The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an oocyte. [GOC:go_curators]


embryonic ectodermal digestive tract development

The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectodermal gut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:jid, GOC:rc]


post-embryonic anterior midgut (ectodermal) morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior midgut (ectodermal) are generated and organized, during the post-embryonic phase. [GOC:jid, GOC:rc]


regulation of filopodia formation
regulation of filopodium formation
regulation of filopodia biosynthesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


regulation of stress fibre formation
regulation of stress fibre biosynthesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a stress fiber, a bundle of microfilaments and other proteins found in fibroblasts. [GOC:ai]


positive regulation of stress fibre formation

positive regulation of stress fibre biosynthesis


Catalysis of the reaction: D-aminoacyl-tRNA = D-amino acid + tRNA. Hydrolysis of the removal of D-amino acids from residues in charged tRNA. [PMID:14527667]


active induction of cell-mediated immune response in host by virus

active viral induction of cell-mediated immune response in host

The intentional, virally-encoded stimulation of a cell-mediated host defense response to viral infection. [GOC:jl]


active induction of innate immune response in host by virus

active viral induction of innate immune response in host

The intentional, virally-encoded stimulation of an innate host defense response to viral infection. [GOC:jl]


developmental growth of a unicellular organism

The growth of a cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from one condition to another. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:isa_complete]


non-developmental growth of a unicellular organism


oocyte morphogenesis during differentiation

The process in which the structures of an oocyte are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of an oocyte. [GOC:go_curators]


post-embryonic ectodermal gut development

post-embryonic ectodermal digestive tract development

The process, occurring during the post-embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectodermal gut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:jid, GOC:rc]


embryonic ectodermal digestive tract morphogenesis

The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, by which the anatomical structures of the ectodermal digestive tract are generated and organized. [GOC:jid, GOC:rc]


embryonic anterior midgut (ectodermal) morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior midgut (ectodermal) are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase. [GOC:jid, GOC:rc]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase. [GOC:jid, GOC:rc]


regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. [GOC:ai]


negative regulation of stress fibre formation

negative regulation of stress fibre biosynthesis


syn-copalyl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate = 9alpha-copalyl diphosphate. [MetaCyc:RXN-8528]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving diterpene phytoalexins, a class of diterpene formed in plants in response to fungal infection, physical damage, chemical injury, or a pathogenic process; they are sometimes referred to as plant antibiotics. Diterpenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing 20 carbon atoms and 4 branched methyl groups and are made up of isoprenoid units. [GOC:ai, ISBN:0721662544]


recognition of other organism during symbiotic interaction


up-regulation of synapse structural plasticity

up regulation of synapse structural plasticity

upregulation of synapse structural plasticity

positive regulation of synapse structural plasticity

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic structural plasticity. [GOC:ai]


transport of peptides or proteins into symbiont

translocation of peptides or proteins into symbiont

The directed movement of peptides or proteins produced by an organism to a location inside the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:cc]


The production of structures and/or molecules in an organism that are required for the acquisition and/or utilization of nutrients obtained from its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:cc]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized, during the post-embryonic phase. [GOC:jid, GOC:rc]


pre-harvest sprouting
non-vegetative vivipary

The process in which a seed germinates before being shed from the parent plant. [GOC:go_curators]


The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. [CL:0000056, GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_muscle]


polyphenic determination, influence by genetic factors

The process in which individuals that have the potential to develop any of several possible distinct developmental paths have their individual developmental fates determined in response to genetic cues. [GOC:jid]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anther over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:jid, GOC:sm]


up regulation of exogen
upregulation of exogen
up-regulation of exogen


negative regulation of adrenaline uptake

negative regulation of epinephrine import

negative regulation of epinephrine uptake

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of epinephrine into a cell. [GOC:ai]


germline initiation of meiotic cell cycle

germline conversion to meiotic cell cycle

germline cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle

The process in which a germline cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division. [GOC:ai]


GTP-dependent polynucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity

GTP-dependent polynucleotide kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 5'-dephosphopolynucleotide = GDP + 5'-phosphopolynucleotide. The polynucleotide may be DNA or RNA. [GOC:curators]


The formation of an apical junction, a functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens junction and the desmosomes, by the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of its constituents. [GOC:go_curators, PMID:10854689, PMID:14729475, PMID:15196556]


up-regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity

positive regulation of NGF receptor activity

up regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity

upregulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity

positive regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor. [GOC:ai]


down regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification

negative regulation of lateral plate mesodermal cell fate specification

down-regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification

downregulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification

negative regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate specification. [GOC:jid]


embryonic braincase morphogenesis
embryonic chondrocranium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the neurocranium are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The neurocranium is the portion of the vertebrate skull surrounding the brain. [GOC:dsf, GOC:jid, PMID:16049113]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the labrum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:rc]


tapetal layer development
tapetum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anther wall tapetum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:jid, GOC:sm, GOC:tb]


regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation. [CL:0000192, GOC:ebc]


The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. [GOC:dph]


Long distance growth of a single axon process involved in cellular development. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm, GOC:rl]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon regeneration. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]


down regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury

downregulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury

down-regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury

negative regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting of an intact axon as a result of injury to an axon. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]


regulation of collateral sprouting in absence of injury

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]


down regulation of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury

downregulation of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury

down-regulation of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury

negative regulation of collateral sprouting in absence of injury

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]


The process in which tolerance to severe drying is acquired, before entering into a dry, either dormant or quiescent state. [GOC:PO_curators]


negative regulation of release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+) into cytosol

downregulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol

negative regulation of cytosolic release of sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)

negative regulation of cytosolic release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+)

down-regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol

down regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol

negative regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria. [GOC:ai]


iron sulfur cluster binding
Fe/S binding
iron sulphur cluster binding
iron-sulphur cluster binding

Binding to an iron-sulfur cluster, a combination of iron and sulfur atoms. [GOC:ai]


2 Fe 2 S cluster binding
iron-sulfur cluster 2Fe-2S binding
diiron disulphide cluster binding
2Fe-2S cluster binding
2 iron, 2 sulphur cluster binding
iron-sulphur cluster 2Fe-2S binding
diiron disulfide cluster binding

Binding to a 2 iron, 2 sulfur (2Fe-2S) cluster; this cluster consists of two iron atoms, with two inorganic sulfur atoms found between the irons and acting as bridging ligands. [GOC:ai, PMID:15952888, Wikipedia:Iron-sulfur_cluster]


The directed movement of a keratinocyte, epidermal cells which synthesize keratin, from one site to another. [ISBN:0721662544]


up-regulation of keratinocyte migration
upregulation of keratinocyte migration
up regulation of keratinocyte migration

positive regulation of keratinocyte migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte migration. [GOC:ai]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavones, a class of pigmented plant compounds based on 2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (2-phenylchromone). [PMID:18567791]


Binding to a phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) Binding to a phosphotyrosine-bindin domain. [Pfam:PF02174.5, PMID:15924411]


attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during meiosis II


regulation of noradrenaline uptake
regulation of levarterenol uptake
regulation of norepinephrine import

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine into a cell. [GOC:ai]


pigment granule organization and biogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pigment granule. [GOC:rc]


penetration into host
host invasion
invasion of host
host penetration
invasion into host

Entry of a symbiont into the body, tissues, or cells of a host organism as part of the symbiont life cycle. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:vw]


embryonic pharyngeal skeleton morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the viscerocranium are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The viscerocranium is the part of the skull comprising the facial bones. [GOC:dsf, GOC:jid, PMID:16049113]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an oligodendrocyte. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons of neurons in the central nervous system. [GOC:vp, PMID:15139015]


downregulation of astrocyte differentiation

down-regulation of astrocyte differentiation

down regulation of astrocyte differentiation

negative regulation of astrocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation. [GOC:vp, PMID:15139015]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the clypeus are generated and organized. [GOC:rc]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A gland is an organ specialised for secretion. [GOC:jid]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]


The region directly beneath the plasma membrane at the cell tip. The cell tip is the region at either end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell. [GOC:ai]


The region at the end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell. [GOC:ai, GOC:mah]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving leucoanthocyanidins, a class of colorless intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway of the pigmented flavonoids. [GOC:ai]


Catalysis of the reaction: anthocyanidin 3-glucoside + UDP-rhamnose = anthocyanidin 3-rutinoside + UDP. [PMID:8130800]


histone lysine H3 K9 methylation
histone H3K9me
histone H3 K9 methylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 9 of the histone. [GOC:ai, GOC:pr]


The formation and growth of otoliths throughout the life of the organism. Otoliths are the large extracellular ear-stones of the fish inner ear, produced by precipitation of specific crystal forms of calcium carbonate on organic matrices. The otolith enlarges throughout the life of the fish, as layers of calcium carbonate are added. [GOC:dsf, PMID:15581873]


centromere and kinetochore complex maturation

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the kinetochore, a multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules. [GOC:ai]


down-regulation by symbiont of host defense response

negative regulation by organism of defense response of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction

downregulation by symbiont of host defense response

suppression of defense response of other organism

negative regulation by symbiont of host defense response

down regulation by symbiont of host defense response

suppression of host defenses by symbiont

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host defense(s) by active mechanisms that normally result in the shutting down of a host pathway. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:cc]


establishment and maintenance of chromosome position

establishment and maintenance of chromosome localization

Any process in which a chromosome is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. [GOC:ai]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells. [GOC:go_curators]


meiotic chromosome resolution
chromosome separation during meiosis

The process in which chromosomes are physically detached from each other during meiosis. [GOC:ai]


chromosome separation during male meiosis

The process in which paired chromosomes are physically detached from each other during male meiosis. [GOC:ai]


chromosome separation during female meiosis

The process in which paired chromosomes are physically detached from each other during female meiosis. [GOC:ai]


metaphase plate congression during meiosis

The cell cycle process in which chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the meiotic spindle, during meiosis. [GOC:ai]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 9 of histone H3. [GOC:ai]


down-regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation

down regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation

downregulation of histone H3-K4 methylation

negative regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 4 of histone H3. [GOC:mah]


upregulation of neurotransmitter transport

up regulation of neurotransmitter transport

up-regulation of neurotransmitter transport

positive regulation of neurotransmitter transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a calcium ion stimulus. [GOC:ai]


cellular response to folate
cellular response to vitamin B9

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a folic acid stimulus. [GOC:ai]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylmercury stimulus. [GOC:ai]


positive regulation of adrenaline uptake

positive regulation of epinephrine import

positive regulation of epinephrine uptake

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of epinephrine into a cell. [GOC:ai]


regulation of killing of cells of other organism

regulation of killing of cells of another organism

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the killing by an organism of cells in another organism. [GOC:ai]


interphase microtubule nucleation by interphase microtubule organizing center

microtubule nucleation during interphase by interphase microtubule organizing center

interphase microtubule organizing center-mediated microtubule nucleation during interphase

IMTOC-mediated microtubule nucleation during interphase

interphase microtubule nucleation by interphase microtubule organising centre

microtubule nucleation during interphase by IMTOC

The 'de novo' formation of a microtubule by the interphase microtubule organizing center during interphase, the stage of cell cycle between successive rounds of chromosome segregation. [GOC:ai]


attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during mitosis


premeiotic S-phase
S-phase of meiotic cell cycle
S phase of meiotic cell cycle

The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place as part of a meiotic cell cycle. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ligase activity, the catalysis of the ligation of two substances with concomitant breaking of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate. Ligase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 6. [GOC:ai]


post-embryonic digestive tract morphogenesis

The process, occurring during the post-embryonic phase, by which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. [GOC:jid, GOC:rc]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. [CL:0000056, GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_muscle]


trichome distribution
trichome pattern specification
trichome spacing
trichome pattern formation
trichome pattern biosynthesis

The regionalization process of establishing the non-random spatial arrangement of trichomes on the surface and margin of a leaf. Process involves signaling between adjacent epidermal cells that results in differentiation of some epidermal cells into trichomes. [GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:sm, GOC:tb, ISBN:0865427429, PMID:10368181]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth. [GOC:go_curators]


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + stigmasterol = UDP + O-glucosyl-stigmasterol. [GOC:ai, RHEA:61828]


upregulation of unidimensional cell growth

up-regulation of unidimensional cell growth

up regulation of unidimensional cell growth

positive regulation of unidimensional cell growth

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of unidimensional cell growth, the process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size in one [spatial] dimension or along one axis. [GOC:ai]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bipolar cell growth, polarized growth from both ends of a cell. [GOC:ai]


Any process that initiates the inactive process of bipolar cell growth, polarized growth from both ends of a cell. [GOC:ai]


Any process that stops the active process of bipolar cell growth, polarized growth from both ends of a cell. [GOC:ai]


nuclear factor of activated T cell protein binding

Binding to NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) proteins, a family of transcription factors. NFAT proteins have crucial roles in the development and function of the immune system. [PMID:15928679]


Binding to a glycolipid, any compound containing one or more monosaccharide residues bound by a glycosidic linkage to a hydrophobic group such as an acylglycerol, a sphingoid, a ceramide (N-acylsphingoid) or a prenyl phosphate. [PMID:19635802]


up-regulation of anagen
up regulation of anagen
upregulation of anagen


down regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade

down-regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade

negative regulation of protein kinase B signalling cascade

downregulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade

negative regulation of AKT signaling cascade

negative regulation of PKB signaling cascade

negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade

negative regulation of PKB signalling cascade

negative regulation of AKT signalling cascade

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase B signaling, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B. [GOC:ai]


establishment and maintenance of mitochondria localization

establishment and maintenance of mitochondrion localization

Any process in which a mitochondrion or mitochondria are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. [GOC:ai]


protein poly(ADP-ribose) catabolic process

The process of removing one or more ADP-ribose residues from a protein. [GOC:ai]


Catalysis of the cyclization of 3(S)-oxidosqualene to (3S,13S,14R)-malabarica-8,17,21-trien-3-ol (thalianol). [PMID:15125655, RHEA:26160]


Multimeric protein complexes formed in the CYTOSOL that play a role in the activation of APOPTOSIS. They can occur when MITOCHONDRIA become damaged due to cell stress and release CYTOCHROME C. Cytosolic cytochrome C associates with APOPTOTIC PROTEASE-ACTIVATING FACTOR 1 to form the apoptosomal protein complex. The apoptosome signals apoptosis by binding to and activating specific INITIATOR CASPASES such as CASPASE 9.


movement of symbiont within host
movement within host
movement of symbiont in host
symbiont movement in host
symbiont movement within host

The process in which an organism or its progeny spreads from one location to another within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:cc]


up regulation of bipolar cell growth
up-regulation of bipolar cell growth
upregulation of bipolar cell growth

positive regulation of bipolar cell growth

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bipolar cell growth, polarized growth from both ends of a cell. [GOC:ai]


downregulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination

down regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination

down-regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination

negative regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate determination. [GOC:dgh]


positive regulation of SMC proliferation

up-regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation

upregulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation

up regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation

positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation. [CL:0000192, GOC:ebc]


upregulation of sprouting of injured axon

up regulation of sprouting of injured axon

up-regulation of sprouting of injured axon

positive regulation of sprouting of injured axon

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of sprouting of an injured axon. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the nose are generated and organized. The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity). [GOC:jl]


The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues (cis-autophosphorylation), or residues on an identical protein (trans-autophosphorylation). [ISBN:0198506732]


anther wall tapetum cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anther cell wall tapetum cell. The tapetum is a layer of cells that provides a source of nutrition for the pollen grains as they mature. [GOC:jid, GOC:sm]


negative regulation of SMC proliferation

down-regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation

down regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation

downregulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation

negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation. [CL:0000192, GOC:ebc]


The process in which outgrowths develop from the shafts of existing axons. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]


up regulation of collateral sprouting
upregulation of collateral sprouting
up-regulation of collateral sprouting

positive regulation of collateral sprouting

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an axon injury stimulus. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]


The process involved in sprouting of an injured axon. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]


up regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury

upregulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury

up-regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury

positive regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of collateral sprouting of an intact axon as a result of injury to an axon. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm]


positive regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) mobilization

positive regulation of calcium mobilization

positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)

positive regulation of release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+)


4Fe-4S cluster binding
tetrairon tetrasulphide cluster binding
iron-sulphur cluster 4Fe-4S binding
tetrairon tetrasulfide cluster binding
iron-sulfur cluster 4Fe-4S binding
4 Fe 4 S cluster binding
4 iron, 4 sulphur cluster binding

Binding to a 4 iron, 4 sulfur (4Fe-4S) cluster; this cluster consists of four iron atoms, with the inorganic sulfur atoms found between the irons and acting as bridging ligands. [GOC:ai, PMID:15952888, Wikipedia:Iron-sulfur_cluster]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving elastin, a glycoprotein which is randomly coiled and crosslinked to form elastic fibers that are found in connective tissue. [GOC:curators]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte migration. [GOC:ai]


negative regulation of hydrolase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds. [GOC:ai]


up-regulation of lyase activity
upregulation of lyase activity
lyase activator
up regulation of lyase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. [GOC:ai]


tRNA cytidine N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + cytidine = CoA + N4-acetylcytidine. The cytidine is within the polynucleotide chain of a tRNA. [PMID:15037780]


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrosative stress stimulus. Nitrosative stress is a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of nitric oxide (NO) or the highly reactive oxidant peroxynitrite, which is produced following interaction of NO with superoxide anions. [PMID:15925705]


Binding to a BH2 protein domain, present in Bcl-2 family members. Proteins that act as inhibitors of apoptosis harbour at least three BH domains: BH1, BH2 and BH3; the BH1 and BH2 domains are found in all death antagonists of the Bcl-2 family but only in one class of death agonists. [PMID:11048732, PMID:12133724, PMID:9020082, PMID:9704409, Prosite:PS01258]


maintenance of Golgi apparatus localization

Any process in which the Golgi is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere. [GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


passive viral activation of humoral immune response in host

passive viral induction of humoral immune response in host

passive induction of host humoral immune response by virus

passive induction of humoral immune response in host by virus


down-regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification

downregulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification

down regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification

negative regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate specification. [GOC:dgh]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. [GOC:dph, GOC:dsf, GOC:jid, GOC:tb, PMID:16049113]


The process, occurring during instar larval or pupal development, by which anatomical structures are generated and organized. [GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:rc]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an astrocyte. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function. [GOC:vp, PMID:15139015]


up-regulation of astrocyte differentiation

upregulation of astrocyte differentiation

up regulation of astrocyte differentiation

positive regulation of astrocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation. [GOC:vp, PMID:15139015]


regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation. [GOC:vp, PMID:15139015]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior cibarial plate over time, from their formation to the mature structure. [GOC:rc]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior cibarial plate over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:rc]


The process in which the anatomical structures of a tissue are generated and organized. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid]


imaginal disc-derived appendage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an appendage over time, from its formation in the imaginal disc to the mature structure. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism. [GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:rc]


regulation of skeletal myofiber development

regulation of skeletal muscle fibre development

regulation of skeletal myofibre development

regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast. [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:mtg_muscle, GOC:sm]


protein homotetramer biosynthetic process

The formation of a protein homotetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical subunits. [GOC:go_curators]


protein heterooligomer biosynthetic process

The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of component monomers that are not all identical. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer. [GOC:ai]


nuclear pore complex biogenesis
nuclear pore assembly
nuclear pore biosynthesis
NPC assembly
nuclear pore formation
nuclear pore complex formation
nuclear pore complex biosynthesis
nuclear pore biogenesis

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nuclear pore complex. [GOC:ai, GOC:mah]


The chemical reactions and pathways involving phlobaphenes, red pigments with oligomeric or polymeric structure derived from the flavonoid intermediate flavan-4-ols. [PMID:11402179]


extrinsic to internal side of cell outer membrane

extrinsic to internal side of outer membrane

extrinsic to periplasmic side of cell outer membrane

extrinsic component of periplasmic side of cell outer membrane

The component of the cell outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to periplasmic surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu]


extrinsic to mitochondrial inner membrane

extrinsic component of mitochondrial inner membrane

The component of mitochondrial inner membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah]


regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity

regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to an inositol lipid at the 3' position of the inositol ring. [GOC:bf]


positive regulation of cellular physiological process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. [GOC:jid]


establishment of anatomical structure orientation

The process that determines the orientation of an anatomical structure with reference to an axis. [GOC:jid]


The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory light stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. [GOC:ai]


positive regulation of 3',5' cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

upregulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

up regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

up-regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

3',5' cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activator

positive regulation of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: nucleotide 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleotide 5'-phosphate. [GOC:ai, GOC:tb]


The directed movement of DNA from an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. [GOC:cc]


The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sieve cell. A sieve cell is a type of sieve element that has relatively undifferentiated sieve areas (with narrow pores). The sieve areas are rather uniform in structure on all walls; that is, there are no sieve plates. Typical of gymnosperms and lower vascular plants. The sieve element is the cell in the phloem tissue concerned with mainly longitudinal conduction of food materials. [GOC:jid, PO:0025415, POC:curators]


spindle positioning
establishment of spindle localisation

The directed movement of the spindle to a specific location in the cell. [GOC:ai]


orienting of spindle
spindle orientation

Any process that set the alignment of spindle relative to other cellular structures. [GOC:ai]


sister chromatid separation during mitosis

The process in which sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during mitosis. [GOC:ai]


up-regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation

up regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation

upregulation of histone H3-K4 methylation

positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 4 of histone H3. [GOC:mah]


up regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation

up-regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation

upregulation of histone H3-K9 methylation

positive regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 9 of histone H3. [GOC:ai]


up-regulation of neurotransmitter uptake

up regulation of neurotransmitter uptake

positive regulation of neurotransmitter import

positive regulation of neurotransmitter uptake

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into a neuron or glial cell. [GOC:ai]


The directed movement of dopamine into a cell. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]


regulation of neurotransmitter transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:ai]


response to adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus. [GOC:ai]


establishment and maintenance of vesicle localization

Any process in which a vesicle or vesicles are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. [GOC:ai]


Progression through the phases of the meiotic cell cycle, in which canonically a cell replicates to produce four offspring with half the chromosomal content of the progenitor cell via two nuclear divisions. [GOC:ai]


The cell cycle phase following cytokinesis which begins with G1 phase, proceeds through S phase and G2 phase and ends when mitotic prophase begins. During interphase the cell readies itself for mitosis and the replication of its DNA occurs. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle]


The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation by meiosis. [GOC:mtg_cell_cycle]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3. [GOC:ai]


positive regulation of 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity

positive regulation of cAMP phosphodiesterase activity


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrostatic pressure stimulus. Hydrostatic pressure is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is at rest (as opposed to moving). The weight of the fluid above the object creates pressure on it. [Wikipedia:Hydrostatic_pressure]


establishment and maintenance of exocyst localization

Any process in which an exocyst is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. An exocyst is a protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where vesicles dock and fuse. [GOC:ai]


The series of events in which a stimulus is received by a cell or organism and converted into a molecular signal. [GOC:add, GOC:ai, GOC:dph, GOC:mah]


The directed movement of histamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Histamine is a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans. [GOC:ai]


positive regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of serotonin into a cell. [GOC:ai]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons. [GOC:mah]


sensory perception of pain, sensory detection of thermal stimulus

sensory perception of pain, sensory transduction of thermal stimulus

sensory detection of thermal stimulus during sensory perception of pain

perception of pain, sensory transduction of temperature stimulus

perception of pain, detection of temperature stimulus

perception of pain, sensory detection of temperature stimulus

sensory transduction of thermal stimulus during sensory perception of pain

sensory detection of temperature stimulus during perception of pain

sensory transduction of temperature stimulus during perception of pain

detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain

The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a temperature stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. [GOC:ai, GOC:dos]


down regulation of lyase activity
down-regulation of lyase activity
downregulation of lyase activity
lyase inhibitor

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. [GOC:ai]


active viral induction of humoral immune response in host

active induction of humoral immune response in host by virus

The intentional, virally-encoded stimulation of a host humoral defense response to viral infection. [GOC:jl]


up-regulation of post-embryonic development

up regulation of post-embryonic development

upregulation of post-embryonic development

positive regulation of post-embryonic development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. [GOC:jid]


down regulation of response to stimulus
down-regulation of response to stimulus
downregulation of response to stimulus

negative regulation of response to stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. [GOC:jid]


regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of long-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase. [GOC:jid, GOC:pj, ISBN:0582015952, ISBN:0697037754, ISBN:0709408862]


regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of short-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase. [GOC:jid, GOC:pj, ISBN:0582015952, ISBN:0697037754, ISBN:0709408862]


The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. [GOC:go_curators]


The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of somatic structures that will be used in the process of creating new individuals from one or more parents, from their formation to the mature structures. [GOC:dph, GOC:isa_complete, GOC:jid]


post-embryonic ectodermal gut morphogenesis

post-embryonic ectodermal digestive tract morphogenesis

The process, occurring during the post-embryonic phase, by which the anatomical structures of the ectodermal gut are generated and organized. [GOC:jid, GOC:rc]


down regulation of cytoskeleton organization

negative regulation of cytoskeleton organisation

downregulation of cytoskeleton organization

negative regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis

down-regulation of cytoskeleton organization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. [GOC:ai]


Catalysis of the reaction: D-tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr) = D-tyrosine + tRNA(Tyr). Hydrolysis of the removal of D-tyrosine from tyrosine residues in charged tRNA. [PMID:14527667]


diterpene phytoalexin precursor formation pathway

diterpene phytoalexin precursor synthesis pathway

diterpene phytoalexin precursor anabolism pathway

diterpene phytoalexin precursor biosynthetic process pathway

A branched pathway that produces the precursors to four structurally distinct types of polycyclic diterpenes. The pathway starts with the cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate into ent-copalyl diphosphate and syn-copalyl diphosphate. The catalytic conversion by diterpene cyclases of these two compounds produces the four diterpene hydrocarbons which are precursors to the four structurally distinct classes of diterpene phytoalexins. [MetaCyc:PWY-2981]


entry into other organism involved in symbiotic interaction


sensory perception, sensory detection of heat stimulus

sensory detection of heat stimulus during sensory perception


The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase. [GOC:jid, GOC:rc]


The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. [CL:0000056, GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_muscle]


A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a myoblast to attain its fully functional state. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. [CL:0000056, GOC:dph, GOC:mtg_muscle]


up-regulation of developmental growth
upregulation of developmental growth
up regulation of developmental growth

positive regulation of developmental growth

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of developmental growth. [GOC:go_curators]


The process in which the anatomical structures of the anther are generated and organized. [GOC:jid, GOC:sm]


tapetal layer formation
tapetum formation

The process that gives rise to the anther wall tapetum. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The anther wall tapetum is a layer of cells that provides a source of nutrition for the pollen grains as they mature. [GOC:jid, GOC:sm, GOC:tb]


addition of ethanolamine phosphate to mannose of GPI precursor CP2

CP2 phosphoethanolamine transferase activity

CP2 mannose-ethanolamine phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ethanolamine phosphate + Man-alpha-(1,2)-Man-alpha-(1,2)-Man-alpha-(1,6)-R = Man-alpha-(1,2)-Man-alpha-6-P-EtN-(1,2)-Man-alpha-(1,6)-R; R is Man-alpha(1,4)-GlcNH2-inositol-PO4-lipid. This reaction is the transfer of ethanolamine phosphate to C6 of second mannose in the GPI lipid precursor CP2. [PMID:14985347, PMID:15452134]


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a beta-sitosterol = UDP + O-glucosyl-beta-sitosterol. [GOC:ai, RHEA:61832]


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + tomatidine = UDP + O-glucosyl-tomatidine. [GOC:ai]


down regulation of unidimensional cell growth

downregulation of unidimensional cell growth

down-regulation of unidimensional cell growth

negative regulation of unidimensional cell growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of unidimensional cell growth, the process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size in one [spatial] dimension or along one axis. [GOC:ai]


Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of monopolar cell growth, polarized growth from one end of a cell. [GOC:ai]


downregulation of bipolar cell growth
down-regulation of bipolar cell growth
down regulation of bipolar cell growth

negative regulation of bipolar cell growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bipolar cell growth, polarized growth from both ends of a cell. [GOC:ai]


Any process that initiates the inactive process of monopolar cell growth, polarized growth from one end of a cell. [GOC:ai]


non-calcium-regulated NFAT protein binding


up-regulation of cardioblast differentiation

upregulation of cardioblast differentiation

up regulation of cardioblast differentiation

positive regulation of cardioblast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. [GOC:ai]


downregulation of cardioblast differentiation

down-regulation of cardioblast differentiation

down regulation of cardioblast differentiation

negative regulation of cardioblast differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. [GOC:ai]


regulation of protein kinase B signalling cascade

regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase B signaling, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B. [GOC:ai]